إعطاء الأمثلة: على سبيل المثال، مثل، كـ
for example و such as و like هي أدواتك السحرية.
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'for example' to start sentences, 'such as' for lists, and 'like' for casual comparisons or informal speech.
- Use 'for example' or 'for instance' followed by a comma to introduce a full sentence.
- Use 'such as' to introduce specific items within a category in formal writing.
- Use 'like' for informal examples or when comparing things that are similar.
نظرة عامة
for example و such as و like تعتمد على السياق، الرسمية، والوظيفة النحوية.such as تُستخدم لتحديد فئة معينة، بينما for example تُستخدم لتقديم فكرة توضيحية كاملة.For example تعمل كـ adverbial phrase (ظرف). في النحو العربي، هي أقرب إلى «على سبيل المثال» أو «مثلاً». هي مستقلة تماماً، وعادة ما تتبعها جملة كاملة (independent clause). نحن نستخدمها عندما نريد تقديم توضيح أو برهان لفكرة عامة ذكرناها للتو. هي لا ترتبط باسم معين، بل ترتبط بفكرة.Such as تعمل كـ prepositional phrase (شبه جملة ظرفية/جار ومجرور). في العربية، هي تقابل «مثل» أو «كـ» حينما نحدد أجزاء من فئة. الفرق الجوهري هنا هو أنها «تقييدية» (restrictive) أو «غير تقييدية» (non-restrictive).Like في سياق الأمثلة تستخدم غالباً في اللغة غير الرسمية (informal). في العربية، نحن نستخدم «مثل» في كل المواقف، لكن في الإنجليزية، استخدام like في مقال أكاديمي قد يبدو غير لائق. Like تشير إلى «التشابه» (similarity) أكثر من كونها أداة حصر أو تقديم أمثلة دقيقة.For example | تتبعها جملة كاملة أو فاصلة | The climate is changing. For example, sea levels are rising. |Such as | تتبعها أسماء (فئة) | I enjoy sports such as swimming and tennis. |Like | تتبعها أسماء (غير رسمي) | He likes fast food, like burgers and fries. |- 1
[General statement]. For example, [complete sentence]. - 2
[Category] such as [item 1], [item 2].(لا توجد فاصلة إذا كان المثال ضرورياً). - 3
[General idea], such as [item 1], [item 2], [item 3].(فاصلة إذا كان المثال إضافياً).
for example يكون مناسباً عندما تريد تقديم «حالة دراسية» أو «شرحاً مفصلاً». في الثقافة العربية، نحن نحب الإطناب في الشرح، لذا for example هي صديقتك المفضلة في المقالات الطويلة لأنها تمنحك مساحة لتقديم جملة كاملة تشرح مثالك.such as يكون في ذروته عندما تكون دقيقاً. في سوق العمل (Professional setting)، إذا كنت تتحدث عن «متطلبات المشروع»، فاستخدام such as يظهر احترافيتك: We need specific resources, such as software licenses and server access.هنا أنت تحدد بدقة ولا تترك مجالاً للتأويل.
like فهي للاستخدام الشخصي أو التجمعات الودية (الجمعات العائلية). إذا كنت في مقهى مع أصدقائك، فاستخدام like هو الأكثر طبيعية. استخدام such as في حديث ودي قد يجعلك تبدو متكلفاً أو «روبوتياً».- 1حذف الفعل المساعد: يقع الكثير من المتحدثين العرب في خطأ قول:
He is teacher, for example Ahmedبدلاً منHe is a teacher, for example, Ahmed. السبب هو أننا في العربية لا نستخدم فعل كينونة (to be) في الجملة الاسمية، فنقوم بحذفis/areتلقائياً. - 2الخلط بين
likeوsuch asفي الكتابة الرسمية: يستخدم الطالب العربيlikeفي الأبحاث الأكاديمية لأنها الترجمة المباشرة لـ «مثل». هذا خطأ جسيم في المستوى C1؛ لأنlikeتعطي انطباعاً بعدم الجدية. - 3سوء استخدام علامات الترقيم: نضع فاصلة قبل
such asدائماً، بينما في الإنجليزية، إذا كان المثال جزءاً ضرورياً من تعريف الفئة (restrictive)، لا يجب وضع فاصلة. هذا التداخل ناتج عن أننا في العربية نضع الفواصل بناءً على «النفس» أو الوقف في الكلام، بينما في الإنجليزية هي قواعد نحوية صارمة.
For example | Such as | Like |for example هي الأكثر استقلالية، بينما such as و like هما الأكثر ارتباطاً بالاسم الذي يسبقهما. إذا كنت في حيرة، استخدم such as في الكتابة الرسمية، و for example لبدء فكرة جديدة.for instance بدلاً من for example؟such as دائماً تتطلب فاصلة قبلها؟Countries such as Japan and China), فلا تضع فاصلة. إذا كان المثال مجرد إضافة إيضاحية (مثلاً: My favorite countries, such as Japan and China, are in Asia), ضع فاصلة.like في الأبحاث الأكاديمية خاطئاً؟like في الإنجليزية تحمل معنى «التشابه» (Similarity)، بينما such as تعني «من ضمن» (Inclusion). في البحث العلمي، نحن نحتاج إلى الدقة (Inclusion) وليس التشبيه (Similarity).Placement and Punctuation of Exemplifiers
| Connector | Position | Punctuation | Register |
|---|---|---|---|
|
For example
|
Start of sentence
|
Followed by a comma
|
Neutral/Formal
|
|
For instance
|
Start of sentence
|
Followed by a comma
|
Formal
|
|
Such as
|
Middle of sentence
|
Comma before (if non-essential)
|
Formal
|
|
Like
|
Middle of sentence
|
Usually no comma
|
Informal
|
|
e.g.
|
Inside parentheses
|
Periods after letters, comma after
|
Technical/Written
|
|
Including
|
Middle of sentence
|
Often preceded by a comma
|
Neutral
|
Common Abbreviations
| Abbreviation | Full Latin | English Meaning |
|---|---|---|
|
e.g.
|
Exempli gratia
|
For example
|
|
i.e.
|
Id est
|
That is / In other words
|
|
viz.
|
Videlicet
|
Namely / Specifically
|
Meanings
The use of specific words and phrases to introduce instances that illustrate a general statement or category.
Sentence-Level Exemplification
Using a connector to introduce a complete sentence that serves as an example of a previous point.
“The company has faced many challenges. For example, the recent supply chain issues delayed production by months.”
“Exercise is vital for health. For instance, a daily walk can significantly improve cardiovascular fitness.”
Intra-sentential Listing
Introducing a list of examples within a sentence to define a category.
“Citrus fruits such as lemons and oranges are high in Vitamin C.”
“Large predators, such as lions and tigers, require vast territories to hunt.”
Informal Comparison/Listing
Using 'like' to provide examples in casual conversation or less formal writing.
“I love spicy food, like Thai or Mexican.”
“She has a lot of hobbies, like painting and hiking.”
Written Abbreviations
Using Latin-derived abbreviations in formal or technical writing.
“The study focused on several European countries (e.g., France, Germany, and Italy).”
“Please bring the necessary equipment, e.g., a laptop and a charger.”
Reference Table
| العبارة | الاستخدام | الرسمية | علامات الترقيم |
|---|---|---|---|
|
For example
|
توضيح عام، حالة محددة
|
متعددة الاستخدامات (رسمي/غير رسمي)
|
غالباً تُحاط بفواصل
|
|
Such as
|
تقديم قوائم لعناصر محددة من فئة معينة
|
متوسطة إلى عالية الرسمية
|
لا توجد فاصلة إذا كانت أساسية، وفاصلة إذا كانت إضافية
|
|
Like
|
مقارنة غير رسمية، مثال سريع، أو تشابه
|
غير رسمي
|
غالباً لا توجد فاصلة (إلا للتوقف في الكلام)
|
|
E.g.
|
اختصار لاتيني لـ 'for example'، قائمة غير حصرية
|
رسمي/أكاديمي
|
غالباً بين قوسين أو بعد عبارة
|
طيف الرسمية
One should consume nutrient-dense foods, such as kale. (Health advice)
You should eat healthy food, for example, kale. (Health advice)
You should eat healthy stuff, like kale. (Health advice)
Get some superfoods in ya, like kale and stuff. (Health advice)
طرق إعطاء الأمثلة
رسمي / متعدد الاستخدامات
- For example Introduces a specific illustration.
- E.g. Latin for 'for example', non-exhaustive.
سرد الأمثلة
- Such as Introduces items from a category (more formal).
غير رسمي / مقارنة
- Like Casual example or comparison (similar to).
عبارات الأمثلة: أي واحدة تختار؟
اختيار عبارة المثال المناسبة
هل تقدم توضيحاً عاماً أو فكرة كاملة؟
هل تسرد عناصر محددة تنتمي لفئة معينة؟
هل السياق غير رسمي، أو تقوم بمقارنة مباشرة؟
عبارات الأمثلة في الواقع
الكتابة الأكاديمية
- • For example
- • Such as
- • E.g.
الأعمال / المهنية
- • For example
- • Such as
المحادثات العادية
- • For example
- • Like
الرسائل / التواصل الاجتماعي
- • Like
- • For example
أمثلة حسب المستوى
I like pets like dogs.
I like pets like dogs.
For example, I play football.
For example, I play football.
I eat fruit, like an orange.
I eat fruit, like an orange.
She has toys, for example, a doll.
She has toys, for example, a doll.
I want to visit countries like Italy.
I want to visit countries like Italy.
He is good at sports. For example, he swims well.
He is good at sports. For example, he swims well.
You need tools, such as a hammer.
You need tools, such as a hammer.
I like cold drinks, for instance, iced tea.
I like cold drinks, for instance, iced tea.
The city has many problems, such as pollution.
The city has many problems, such as pollution.
There are many ways to save energy. For instance, you can turn off the lights.
There are many ways to save energy. For instance, you can turn off the lights.
I enjoy outdoor activities like hiking and cycling.
I enjoy outdoor activities like hiking and cycling.
Some animals, for example, the panda, are endangered.
Some animals, for example, the panda, are endangered.
Large corporations, such as Google and Apple, dominate the market.
Large corporations, such as Google and Apple, dominate the market.
The policy has several flaws; for example, it ignores the needs of rural communities.
The policy has several flaws; for example, it ignores the needs of rural communities.
You should bring identification (e.g., a passport or driver's license).
You should bring identification (e.g., a passport or driver's license).
He has a lot of experience in the field, for instance, working for three years in Dubai.
He has a lot of experience in the field, for instance, working for three years in Dubai.
The curriculum focuses on STEM subjects, such as advanced calculus and organic chemistry.
The curriculum focuses on STEM subjects, such as advanced calculus and organic chemistry.
Cognitive biases, for instance, the confirmation bias, can skew research results.
Cognitive biases, for instance, the confirmation bias, can skew research results.
The legislation was designed to curb unethical practices; for example, it prohibits insider trading.
The legislation was designed to curb unethical practices; for example, it prohibits insider trading.
Many modernist writers, such as James Joyce and Virginia Woolf, experimented with stream of consciousness.
Many modernist writers, such as James Joyce and Virginia Woolf, experimented with stream of consciousness.
The socio-economic ramifications, for example, the widening wealth gap, are profound.
The socio-economic ramifications, for example, the widening wealth gap, are profound.
The project requires specialized software (e.g., AutoCAD or Revit) for architectural modeling.
The project requires specialized software (e.g., AutoCAD or Revit) for architectural modeling.
The treaty addresses several environmental concerns, namely carbon emissions and deforestation.
The treaty addresses several environmental concerns, namely carbon emissions and deforestation.
One might argue that certain linguistic features, such as the use of the subjunctive mood, are declining in colloquial speech.
One might argue that certain linguistic features, such as the use of the subjunctive mood, are declining in colloquial speech.
سهل الخلط
Learners use 'i.e.' when they mean 'for example'. 'i.e.' means 'that is' (clarification), while 'e.g.' means 'for example' (illustration).
Learners use 'like' to introduce a clause, but 'as' is traditionally required for clauses.
Learners use 'such as' when they are listing every single item in a category.
أخطاء شائعة
I like fruit for example apples.
I like fruit. For example, apples.
I like pets such like dogs.
I like pets such as dogs.
I like sports like, football.
I like sports like football.
For example I am happy.
For example, I am happy.
He has many cars, for example, a Ford.
He has many cars; for example, a Ford.
I like fruits like apples, etc.
I like fruits like apples.
Such as I said, it is raining.
As I said, it is raining.
The company sells electronics, e.g. phones.
The company sells electronics, e.g., phones.
I need a person such as can help me.
I need a person who can help me.
I like movies, for instance, horror.
I like movies—for instance, horror.
The study included several variables such as, age and gender.
The study included several variables, such as age and gender.
We discussed the main issues, namely, the budget.
We discussed the main issues, namely the budget.
He loves poets like Shakespeare.
He loves poets such as Shakespeare.
The results (i.e. the data) were good.
The results (e.g., the data) were good.
أنماط الجُمل
I enjoy ___ like ___ and ___.
There are many ___; for example, ___.
The company faces several ___, such as ___ and ___.
One must consider the ___; for instance, ___.
Real World Usage
Several factors, such as socioeconomic status, influence educational outcomes.
Do you want to see a movie like the new Marvel one?
I have extensive experience; for instance, I led the marketing team for two years.
Ensure all peripherals (e.g., mouse, keyboard) are connected.
Do you have any dairy-free options, such as almond milk?
I love autumn colors, like the deep reds and oranges of the leaves.
نوّع في عباراتك
for example و such as و like بشكل متبادل بيخلي كلامك وكتابتك أكثر حيوية وتفاعلاً. لا تلتزم بواحدة فقط؛ اختر الأنسب للسياق: Vary your phrases.تجنب Like في الكتابة الرسمية
like رائعة في الدردشات العادية، ابعد عنها تماماً لما تقدم أمثلة في أبحاث أكاديمية أو إيميلات مهنية. التزم بـ such as أو for example للدقة: "Avoid 'Like' in Formal Writing."علامات الترقيم هي القوة
for example. غالباً بتفصلها عن الجملة الأساسية. ومع such as قرر لو المثال أساسي (بدون فاصلة) أو مجرد معلومة إضافية (بفاصلة): Punctuation is Power.فروق دقيقة لـ Like
like ككلمة حشو (filler word). خلك واعي للاستخدام ده، بس استخدمه بحذر عشان ما تبانش متردد: "The Nuance of 'Like'."استخدم E.g. للاختصار
e.g. (وهي اختصار لاتيني) بديل ممتاز ومختصر لـ for example خاصة لما تقدم قائمة قصيرة من الأمثلة: "Use 'E.g.' for Brevity."Smart Tips
Try replacing every second 'like' with 'such as' or 'for instance' to instantly sound more professional.
Use 'e.g.' followed by a comma. It looks cleaner and more technical.
Use 'For instance' at the start of the sentence to give the reader a clear signal.
Use 'particularly' or 'specifically' instead of 'such as'.
النطق
Parenthetical Intonation
When 'for example' is in the middle of a sentence, your pitch should drop slightly and you should pause briefly before and after.
The 'Such as' Glide
In 'such as', the 'ch' and 'a' often link together in fast speech.
Rising-Falling for Examples
I like fruit, ↗ such as ↘ apples.
The rising tone on 'such as' prepares the listener for the list.
احفظها
وسيلة تذكّر
Remember 'F.L.S.' - Formal (For instance), Loose (Like), Standard (Such as).
ربط بصري
Imagine a magnifying glass hovering over a large group of items, highlighting just one or two specific ones. The magnifying glass is the connector.
Rhyme
When writing for a boss, 'such as' is the gloss; when talking to a mate, 'like' is really great.
Story
A professor (Formal) uses 'Such as' to explain physics. A student (Informal) uses 'Like' to explain his weekend. They both use 'For example' to meet in the middle.
Word Web
تحدٍّ
Write three sentences about your favorite city using 'for instance', 'such as', and 'like' correctly in each.
ملاحظات ثقافية
In US academic circles, 'e.g.' and 'i.e.' are strictly differentiated. Using them interchangeably is seen as a sign of poor editing.
British English is often more relaxed about the comma after 'e.g.' compared to American English.
Using 'for instance' instead of 'for example' can make you sound more sophisticated and persuasive in a boardroom setting.
'Such as' comes from Middle English 'swich as'. 'For example' is a direct translation of the Latin 'exempli gratia'.
بدايات محادثة
What are some hobbies you'd like to try, such as skydiving or painting?
Can you name some global issues, for instance, climate change, that worry you?
In your professional opinion, what are the traits of a good leader, such as empathy or decisiveness?
Discuss the impact of disruptive technologies, for example, AI, on the modern workforce.
مواضيع للكتابة اليومية
أخطاء شائعة
Test Yourself
Many birds, ___ sparrows and robins, are common in this park.
Such as هي الخيار الأنسب هنا لتقديم أمثلة محددة لفئة 'الطيور العديدة'.اختر الجملة الصحيحة:
Such as بتقدم 'كرة السلة' كمثال للرياضات بشكل صحيح. Like تعتبر غير رسمية هنا، و for example محتاجة علامات ترقيم صحيحة.Find and fix the mistake:
She has many skills, like coding and problem-solving, that are useful.
such as أكثر رسمية ودقة من like.Translate into English: 'أستمتع بالعديد من الفواكه، على سبيل المثال، التفاح والموز.'
Answer starts with: ["I...
such as أو for example (مع الفواصل) ممتازين لتقديم أمثلة.Score: /4
تمارين تطبيقية
8 exercisesThe government has implemented several new taxes, ___ the carbon tax.
Find and fix the mistake:
I love winter sports, for example, skiing is my favorite.
Please bring your ID (___, a passport).
I like fruits like apples.
You should use 'etc.' at the end of a list that starts with 'such as'.
Select the sentence-starting connectors.
A: Why do you like this city? B: Well, it has great culture. ___, there are many museums.
Connect the pairs.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesWe need certain ingredients, ___ flour and sugar, for the cake recipe.
رتب الكلمات لتكوين جملة: ['example,', 'For', 'she', 'reads', 'historical', 'fiction', 'loves', 'books.']
He has many hobbies, like playing guitar and painting, to relax.
Translate into English: 'لديها العديد من الحيوانات الأليفة، مثل الكلاب والقطط.'
أي جملة هي الصحيحة؟
طابق عبارة المثال مع مستوى رسميتها:
The company offers various benefits, ___ health insurance and paid leave, to its employees.
رتب الكلمات: ['skills', 'like', 'Problem-solving', 'and', 'are', 'communication', 'crucial', 'for', 'this', 'role.']
Find and fix the mistake: 'She loves animals, for example a cat or a dog, living with her.'
Translate into English: 'العديد من الدول الأوروبية، مثل فرنسا وألمانيا، جزء من الاتحاد الأوروبي.'
أي جملة تستخدم عبارة المثال بشكل صحيح؟
طابق العبارة مع استخدامها:
Score: /12
الأسئلة الشائعة (8)
It is generally discouraged. Use `such as` or `for instance` instead to maintain a formal tone.
`e.g.` stands for 'exempli gratia' (for example), while `i.e.` stands for 'id est' (that is). Use `e.g.` for a list of examples and `i.e.` for a definition or clarification.
Yes, when it starts a sentence or follows a semicolon, a comma is required to set it off from the rest of the sentence.
They are very similar, but `for instance` is often perceived as slightly more formal or sophisticated in professional writing.
Generally, no. `Such as` is a prepositional phrase that should follow the noun it is illustrating. Use `For example` to start a sentence.
Because `such as` already indicates that you are providing a partial list. Adding `etc.` is repetitive and considered poor style.
The correct phrase is `such as`. `Such like` is non-standard and should be avoided.
The comma goes *before* `such as`, never after it. For example: 'I like fruit, such as apples.'
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
por ejemplo / como
English distinguishes between 'like' (preposition) and 'as' (conjunction).
par exemple / comme
French 'comme' is used more broadly than English 'like'.
zum Beispiel / wie
German 'wie' can also mean 'how', leading to different sentence structures.
tatoeba / nado
Japanese uses particles and end-of-sentence markers for examples.
mathalan / mithla
Arabic exemplifiers can change form based on the case of the noun.
liru / xiang
Chinese does not use commas as strictly as English for these connectors.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
فيديوهات ذات صلة
02:33 The Future of the Channel, and You
01:25 Top 3 updates for building excellent and adaptive apps at Google I/O ‘25
05:03 Winter got you feeling down? Watch this - Kelly Rohan
الفرق بين Such as و Like و For example
English with Sbeata
شرح أدوات الربط في اللغة الإنجليزية
ZAmericanEnglish
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