Verb zu Nomen: Gerundium & Infinitiv (-ing / zu) verwenden
präziser und natürlicher.
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Gerunds (-ing) and Infinitives (to) turn verbs into nouns, but their usage depends entirely on the preceding verb or preposition.
- Use gerunds after prepositions and certain verbs like 'suggest' or 'enjoy'. Example: 'He suggested going.'
- Use infinitives after adjectives and verbs like 'decide' or 'hope'. Example: 'I decided to stay.'
- Some verbs change meaning entirely depending on which form follows. Example: 'Stop to smoke' vs 'Stop smoking'.
Overview
-ing Form) entspricht funktional oft unserem substantivierten Infinitiv (z. B.to + infinitive) hingegen wird im Englischen oft für Absichten, Ziele oder nach bestimmten emotionalen Ausdrücken verwendet. Im Deutschen nutzen wir hier fast immer den Infinitiv mit „zu“. Die Schwierigkeit liegt darin, dass im Englischen die Wahl zwischen Gerundium und Infinitiv oft durch das Hauptverb diktiert wird.enjoy, avoid, finish) und solche, die „infinitive-taking“ sind (wie decide, plan, want).see, hear) oder kausativen Verben (make, let) nutzen wir im Englischen den sogenannten bare infinitive (Infinitiv ohne to). Im Deutschen würden wir hier oft einen Nebensatz mit „dass“ oder eine Infinitivkonstruktion wählen. Wenn du also sagst „I made him go“, entspricht das dem deutschen „Ich habe ihn dazu gebracht, zu gehen“.Present Continuous) bereits kennen solltest.working | to work | Einfache Anhängung |running | to run | Verdopplung des Endkonsonanten |making | to make | Wegfall des -e |dying | to die | ie wird zu y |bare infinitive (reine Grundform), der nach Modalverben (should, can, must) oder nach make / let verwendet wird. Beispiel: „You should go“ (nicht „to go“).reading das Subjekt. Nach Präpositionen ist das Gerundium absolut zwingend.of, in, at, about, for kommt IMMER ein Gerundium. „I am interested in joining the team“ – nicht „to join“.- 1Präposition + Infinitiv: Deutsche Muttersprachler neigen dazu, nach Präpositionen den Infinitiv zu nutzen, weil wir im Deutschen „zum“ + Infinitiv sagen (z. B. „Ich freue mich darauf, dich zu sehen“). Im Englischen heißt es aber: „I look forward to seeing you“. Das
toist hier eine Präposition, kein Teil des Infinitivs. - 2Modalverben mit
to: Aus Gewohnheit setzen wir oft eintonach Modalverben. „I can to do it“ ist falsch. Die Interferenz kommt daher, dass wir im Deutschen Modalverben mit einem Infinitiv mit „zu“ assoziieren (auch wenn das im Deutschen bei Modalverben auch ohne „zu“ ist, ist der Drang, dastoals „Infinitivmarker“ einzufügen, bei Lernenden sehr stark). - 3Verwechslung bei Verben wie
suggest: Viele Deutsche sagen „He suggested me to go“. Das ist falsch.Suggestverlangt ein Gerundium oder einenthat-Satz. Richtig: „He suggested going“ oder „He suggested that I go“.
I try to sleep. | Infinitive |Swimming is fun. | Gerund |I am good at singing. | Gerund (nach Präposition) |I let him go. | Bare Infinitive |- 1Wann benutze ich das Gerundium als Subjekt? Immer wenn eine Tätigkeit als Konzept im Raum steht. „Smoking is bad for you“ ist natürlicher als „To smoke is bad for you“, was sehr förmlich oder fast schon biblisch klingt.
- 2Gibt es eine Faustregel für die Wahl? Ja: Gerundien sind oft „vergangenheitsbezogen“ oder „allgemein“, Infinitive sind oft „zukunftsbezogen“ oder „zielgerichtet“. „I remember locking the door“ (ich erinnere mich an den abgeschlossenen Zustand) vs. „I remembered to lock the door“ (ich habe daran gedacht, es zu tun).
- 3Was ist mit „It is worth“? Das ist ein klassischer Stolperstein. Es verlangt immer ein Gerundium: „It is worth reading this book.“ Viele Deutsche versuchen hier ein
to readeinzubauen, was falsch ist.
Gerund vs. Infinitive Structures
| Form | Gerund (-ing) | Infinitive (to + V) |
|---|---|---|
|
Simple
|
Doing
|
To do
|
|
Negative
|
Not doing
|
Not to do
|
|
Passive
|
Being done
|
To be done
|
|
Perfect
|
Having done
|
To have done
|
|
Perfect Passive
|
Having been done
|
To have been done
|
|
Continuous
|
N/A
|
To be doing
|
Meanings
The use of gerunds (the -ing form) and infinitives (to + base form) as objects or subjects in a sentence to represent an action as a concept or thing.
Gerund as Subject/Object
Using the -ing form to talk about an activity in general.
“Skiing is my favorite winter sport.”
“I really enjoy hiking in the mountains.”
Infinitive of Purpose
Using 'to + verb' to explain why someone does something.
“I went to the store to buy milk.”
“She studied hard to pass the exam.”
Meaning-Change Verbs
Verbs like 'remember', 'forget', and 'stop' that change meaning based on the complement.
“I stopped to smoke (I paused my walk to have a cigarette).”
“I stopped smoking (I quit the habit).”
Gerunds after Prepositions
English strictly requires the -ing form after any preposition.
“I am interested in learning more.”
“She is good at drawing.”
Reference Table
| Verwendungskontext | Form | Beispielverb | Beispielsatz |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Als Satzsubjekt
|
Gerundium
|
Swimming
|
Swimming is great exercise.
|
|
Nach Präpositionen
|
Gerundium
|
of learning
|
She dreams of learning German.
|
|
Nach bestimmten Verben
|
Gerundium
|
enjoy watching
|
I enjoy watching documentaries.
|
|
Nach bestimmten Verben
|
Infinitiv
|
decide to go
|
They decided to go home.
|
|
Verb + Objekt + Infinitiv
|
Infinitiv
|
told him to wait
|
I told him to wait for me.
|
|
Adjektive + Infinitiv
|
Infinitiv
|
easy to understand
|
This rule is easy to understand.
|
|
Verben mit Bedeutungsänderung (stop)
|
Gerundium
|
stop eating
|
You should stop eating sugar.
|
|
Verben mit Bedeutungsänderung (stop)
|
Infinitiv
|
stop to eat
|
We stopped to eat lunch.
|
|
Verben mit Bedeutungsänderung (try)
|
Gerundium
|
try calling
|
Try calling her number again.
|
|
Verben mit Bedeutungsänderung (try)
|
Infinitiv
|
try to call
|
I will try to call her later.
|
Formalitätsspektrum
I would suggest implementing a new strategy. (Business meeting)
I suggest trying a new strategy. (Business meeting)
How about trying something else? (Business meeting)
Let's just wing it. (Business meeting)
Gerundien & Infinitive: Verb-Transformationen
Gerundien (-ing)
- Subjekt Reading is fun.
- Nach Präposition Good at drawing.
- Nach Verben Enjoy playing.
Infinitive (to + Verb)
- Objekt Decide to go.
- Nach Adjektiven Easy to learn.
- Zweck Stopped to eat.
Beides (Bedeutungsänderung)
- Stop Stop smoking / Stop to smoke.
- Remember Remember locking / Remember to lock.
Gerundien vs. Infinitive: Kurzanleitung
Gerundium oder Infinitiv wählen: Ein Entscheidungsfluss
Steht vor dem Verb eine Präposition (z.B. 'in', 'on', 'about', 'for', 'without')?
Ist das Verb das Subjekt des Satzes?
Ist das Hauptverb eines, das normalerweise einen INFINITIV nimmt (z.B. 'want', 'need', 'decide', 'hope')?
Ist das Hauptverb eines, das normalerweise ein GERUNDIUM nimmt (z.B. 'enjoy', 'finish', 'avoid', 'suggest')?
Ändert das Verb seine Bedeutung mit einer anderen Form (z.B. 'stop', 'remember', 'try')?
Häufige Verbgruppen
Verben + Gerundium
- • Enjoy
- • Finish
- • Avoid
- • Mind
- • Suggest
- • Consider
- • Deny
- • Admit
Verben + Infinitiv
- • Decide
- • Agree
- • Hope
- • Plan
- • Promise
- • Want
- • Learn
- • Refuse
Verben + Objekt + Infinitiv
- • Ask
- • Tell
- • Advise
- • Allow
- • Force
- • Remind
- • Encourage
- • Persuade
Verben + Gerundium ODER Infinitiv (gleiche Bedeutung)
- • Start
- • Begin
- • Continue
- • Like
- • Love
- • Hate
- • Prefer
Verben + Gerundium ODER Infinitiv (unterschiedliche Bedeutung)
- • Stop
- • Remember
- • Forget
- • Try
- • Regret
- • Need
Beispiele nach Niveau
I like reading books.
I want to go home.
Swimming is fun.
He needs to sleep.
She finished doing her homework.
They decided to buy a car.
I am interested in learning English.
We went to the cafe to meet friends.
You should avoid eating too much sugar.
I hope to see you soon.
He kept talking even though I was busy.
It is difficult to understand him.
I remember visiting Paris when I was ten.
Please remember to lock the door.
I tried to open the window, but it was stuck.
Try adding some salt to the soup.
I resent being treated like a child.
He is reported to have escaped from prison.
I object to being spoken to in that tone.
The company anticipates making a profit this year.
I don't much care for his interfering in our affairs.
To have lived through such a crisis is a miracle.
I watched the sun set over the horizon.
The suspect confessed to having forged the documents.
Leicht verwechselbar
Learners often use 'stop to do' when they mean they quit a habit.
Mixing up past memories with future tasks.
Used incorrectly in academic or biographical contexts.
Häufige Fehler
I like swim.
I like swimming.
I want going.
I want to go.
He is good in play.
He is good at playing.
To reading is fun.
Reading is fun.
I am thinking to go.
I am thinking of going.
She finished to eat.
She finished eating.
I went for buy milk.
I went to buy milk.
I suggest to wait.
I suggest waiting.
I don't mind to help.
I don't mind helping.
I am used to get up early.
I am used to getting up early.
I regret to tell him the news.
I regret telling him the news.
He was seen cross the road.
He was seen crossing the road.
I look forward to meet you.
I look forward to meeting you.
They denied to have stolen it.
They denied having stolen it.
Satzmuster
I am looking forward to ___.
It's no use ___.
I would rather ___ than ___.
I resent ___.
Real World Usage
I am skilled at managing large teams.
Stop bugging me!
Thanks for following!
I'd like to check in, please.
Your order is being prepared.
Understanding the data is crucial.
Achte auf Muster
Listening helps a lot.
Lerne Verb-Paare auswendig
I enjoy playing chess.
Präpositionen gewinnen immer!
I am used to waking up early.
Formell vs. Informell
Writing is my passion.vs.
To write is her goal.
Nutze ein gutes Wörterbuch
Consulting a dictionary is helpful.
Smart Tips
Never use 'to'. Always use -ing or a 'that' clause.
Use 'to + verb' instead of 'for + -ing'.
Check if the action happened in the past (use -ing) or needs to happen in the future (use to).
Always add -ing to the following verb.
Aussprache
The -ing suffix
In casual speech, the 'g' is often dropped (e.g., 'runnin'), but in formal English, the full 'ng' sound is expected.
The 'to' particle
In the infinitive, 'to' is usually unstressed and sounds like 'tuh'.
Emphasis on the Gerund
I LOVE ↗swimming.
Emphasizes the activity itself.
Einprägen
Eselsbrücke
Prepositions are 'ing'-clined to take the gerund.
Visuelle Assoziation
Imagine a 'To' bridge leading to a future goal (Infinitive) and an '-ing' circle representing a continuous cycle or a past memory (Gerund).
Rhyme
After 'suggest' and 'avoid', the -ing form is employed. After 'hope' and 'decide', the 'to' form will be your guide.
Story
I was 'walking' (gerund) in the park when I 'stopped to look' (infinitive of purpose) at a bird. I 'remembered seeing' (gerund for memory) that bird before. I 'decided to take' (infinitive for decision) a photo.
Word Web
Herausforderung
Write 5 sentences about your career goals using at least 3 gerunds and 3 infinitives.
Kulturelle Hinweise
BrE often uses 'like + gerund' (I like swimming), whereas AmE is more likely to use 'like + infinitive' (I like to swim), though both are understood.
Gerunds are preferred for naming fields of study or complex processes in formal papers.
Sometimes uses 'a-' prefixing with gerunds in folk speech, though this is non-standard.
The English gerund evolved from the Old English suffix '-ung', while the infinitive comes from the Germanic 'to' + dative case of the verbal noun.
Gesprächseinstiege
What is something you really enjoy doing on weekends?
What do you hope to achieve in the next five years?
Is there anything you regret doing in your past?
What would you suggest doing to improve the local economy?
Tagebuch-Impulse
Häufige Fehler
Test Yourself
She finished ___ her essay just before the deadline.
She finished working.Find and fix the mistake:
I'm looking forward to go on vacation next month.
I look forward to hearing from you.
Wähle den korrekten Satz:
He promised to call me.
Arrange the words in the correct order:
All words placed
Click words above to build the sentence
I enjoy listening to music.
Übersetze ins Englische: 'Ella se detuvo para estirar las piernas.'
Answer starts with: ["S...
He stopped to drink water.
Score: /5
Ubungsaufgaben
8 exercisesI suggest ___ to the museum instead.
I'll never forget ___ (see) the Eiffel Tower for the first time.
Find and fix the mistake:
I am looking forward to meet you next week.
It is not worth trying to fix this. (USE)
1. Avoid, 2. Decide, 3. Stop (quit)
He stopped to talk to her.
She is interested in ___ (apply) for the job.
Choose the grammatically perfect sentence.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesHave you considered ___ for that advanced course?
I regret telling you this, but we need to postpone the meeting.
Wähle den korrekten Satz:
Übersetze ins Englische: 'Ella me sugirió ir a la playa.'
Ordne diese Wörter zu einem Satz an:
Ordne die Verben der korrekten Form zu:
I can't imagine ___ without my phone for a day.
He offered taking us to the airport.
Wähle den korrekten Satz:
Übersetze ins Englische: 'Recuerdo haber cerrado la puerta.'
Ordne diese Wörter zu einem Satz an:
Ordne die Verben der Phrase zu, die sie korrekt vervollständigt:
Score: /12
FAQ (8)
In this phrase, 'to' is a preposition, not part of the infinitive. Just as you say 'I'm going to London' (noun), you must use a gerund (verbal noun) after 'to' here.
'Try to do' means you are making an effort to achieve something difficult. 'Try doing' means you are experimenting with an action to see if it solves a problem.
Yes, usually. 'I like swimming' and 'I like to swim' are both correct. However, 'I like to swim' often implies a habit or something you think is a good idea, while 'I like swimming' focuses on the enjoyment of the activity.
Common ones include: avoid, enjoy, finish, mind, suggest, recommend, and keep.
No. After modal verbs (can, should, must) and verbs like 'make' and 'let', we use the 'bare infinitive' without 'to'.
Absolutely! 'Smoking is prohibited' or 'Learning is fun' are perfect examples.
It's the form 'being + past participle'. For example: 'I don't like being told what to do.'
Try putting a noun after it. If it makes sense (e.g., 'I'm used to *the noise*'), then 'to' is a preposition and needs a gerund.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Infinitivo
Spanish never uses the -ando/-iendo form as a noun.
Infinitif
French uses the gerundive (en + participe présent) only for simultaneous actions.
Infinitiv mit zu
German has no direct equivalent to the English -ing gerund.
Koto / No (Nominalizers)
Japanese doesn't have a 'to-infinitive' vs 'gerund' distinction; it depends on the following particle.
Masdar
The Masdar is a distinct morphological form, not just a suffix like -ing.
No change
There are no morphological markers like -ing or 'to'.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Verwandte Videos
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English Grammar | GERUNDS in 5 simple steps
Arnel's Everyday English
GERUNDS & INFINITIVES | WINNING is everything? OR TO WIN is everything?
Arnel's Everyday English
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