C1 Gerunds & Infinitives 14 min read Difficile

Verbe en Nom: Utiliser les Gérondifs & Infinitifs (-ing / to)

Maîtriser les gérondifs et les infinitifs affine ton anglais, rendant ton expression plus précise et naturelle.

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Gerunds (-ing) and Infinitives (to) turn verbs into nouns, but their usage depends entirely on the preceding verb or preposition.

  • Use gerunds after prepositions and certain verbs like 'suggest' or 'enjoy'. Example: 'He suggested going.'
  • Use infinitives after adjectives and verbs like 'decide' or 'hope'. Example: 'I decided to stay.'
  • Some verbs change meaning entirely depending on which form follows. Example: 'Stop to smoke' vs 'Stop smoking'.
Verb + [(-ing) OR (to + Verb)] ➔ Noun Function

Overview

### Overview
Pour nous, francophones, la maîtrise des gerunds (le gérondif en -ing) et des infinitives (l'infinitif avec 'to') représente souvent l'une des dernières étapes pour atteindre une fluidité de niveau C1. Pourquoi ? Parce que si la structure SVO (Sujet-Verbe-Objet) est commune aux deux langues, la gestion de ce qu'on appelle les « formes non finies » du verbe est radicalement différente.
En français, nous avons une dépendance quasi exclusive à l'infinitif après un verbe (ex: « j'aime manger », « je veux partir »). L'anglais, lui, impose une distinction sémantique et syntaxique entre le gerund (qui agit comme un nom) et l' infinitive (qui exprime souvent le but, le futur ou l'intention).
Considérer ces formes comme de simples traductions de nos modes verbaux est une erreur. En français, le participe présent (« en mangeant ») ne remplit pas les mêmes fonctions que le gerund anglais. Le gerund anglais est un véritable substantif.
Ignorer cette nuance, c'est produire des phrases qui sonnent « traduites » ou « scolaires ». Pour un niveau C1, il ne s'agit plus de mémoriser des listes, mais de comprendre la logique derrière : le gerund est souvent associé à une expérience, une réalité vécue ou une activité établie, tandis que l' infinitive pointe vers l'avenir, le potentiel ou l'intention. C'est cette finesse qui sépare le locuteur fonctionnel du locuteur expert.
### How This Grammar Works
Le système anglais repose sur la nature « nominale » du gerund versus la nature « verbale/intentionnelle » de l' infinitive. En français, nous utilisons l'infinitif pour presque tout : « J'aime nager », « J'évite de nager », « Je pense à nager ». En anglais, cette uniformité disparaît.
Le gerund (-ing) transforme le verbe en un concept, un nom. C'est pourquoi, après une préposition, on ne peut utiliser que le gerund. En français, après une préposition, on utilise l'infinitif (ex: « Il est doué pour chanter » devient He is good at singing).
L' infinitive (to + base verbale), en revanche, conserve une charge sémantique liée à la direction, au but ou à une action non encore réalisée. Pensez à to comme une préposition de direction : il pointe vers l'action. C'est pourquoi des verbes exprimant le désir, le projet ou la décision (want, plan, decide) appellent l' infinitive.
Il y a une véritable logique de « grammaticalisation » : le verbe perd sa fonction d'action pure pour devenir un objet grammatical. Pour un francophone, le défi majeur est l'interférence de notre système de prépositions. Nous avons tendance à vouloir mettre un infinitif partout.
Il faut accepter que l'anglais soit plus rigide sur la classification des verbes « à gérondif » versus « à infinitif ». C'est une question de collocation lexicale autant que de grammaire pure.
### Formation Pattern
La formation est simple, mais les règles orthographiques méritent une attention particulière pour éviter les fautes d'inattention.
| Type | Structure | Exemple | Règle
|---|---|---|---|
| Gerund | Base + -ing | running | Doubler la consonne finale (CVC)
| Gerund | Base + -ing | writing | Supprimer le 'e' final
| Infinitive | to + Base | to eat | Invariable
| Bare Infinitive | Base seule | make me laugh | Pas de 'to' après certains verbes
### When To Use It
L'usage est dicté par le verbe introducteur ou la préposition.
  1. 1Le gerund est obligatoire après les prépositions : I am tired of waiting (et non to wait). C'est une erreur classique de francophone qui calque « fatigué d'attendre ».
  2. 2Le gerund est le sujet naturel : Reading books is essential. On pourrait dire To read books is essential, mais cela sonne très littéraire, voire archaïque.
  3. 3L' infinitive exprime le but : I went to the shop to buy milk (pour acheter du lait). Ici, le français utilise « pour + infinitif », ce qui est un excellent point de repère.
  4. 4Les verbes de perception (see, hear) : I saw him cross the street (l'action est terminée) vs I saw him crossing the street (l'action est en cours). Cette distinction est cruciale au niveau C1 pour la précision narrative.
### Common Mistakes
  1. 1L'infinitif après préposition : « I am interested to learn » (FAUX) → I am interested in learning (JUSTE).
*Pourquoi ?* En français, « intéressé à apprendre » utilise la préposition « à » suivie d'un infinitif. Le cerveau francophone cherche à reproduire ce schéma, oubliant qu'en anglais, in est une préposition qui exige un nom, donc un gerund.
  1. 1Confusion après stop : « I stopped to smoke » vs « I stopped smoking ».
*Pourquoi ?* Le francophone ne fait pas la distinction entre « s'arrêter pour faire quelque chose » (but) et « arrêter une activité » (abandon). L'interférence vient du fait que le français utilise « arrêter de » pour les deux sens, là où l'anglais change la structure grammaticale.
  1. 1L'oubli du bare infinitive après les verbes causatifs : « She made me to go » (FAUX) → She made me go (JUSTE).
*Pourquoi ?* Par analogie avec « Elle m'a forcé à aller », le francophone insère systématiquement le to. Or, les verbes make, let et have (causatif) rejettent le to.
### Contrast With Similar Patterns
| Caractéristique | Gerund (-ing) | Infinitive (to + V)
|---|---|---
| Fonction | Nominale (sujet, objet) | But, intention, résultat
| Après préposition | Toujours | Jamais
| Après adjectif | Rare | Très fréquent (It is easy to do)
| Sens | Général, expérience vécue | Spécifique, futur, potentiel
### Quick FAQ
  1. 1Peut-on utiliser les deux après le même verbe ?
Oui, avec remember ou forget. I remember locking the door (je me souviens de l'action passée) vs I remembered to lock the door (je n'ai pas oublié de le faire).
  1. 1Est-ce que to est toujours le signe de l'infinitif ?
Non. Dans I look forward to meeting you, to est une préposition. C'est le piège ultime pour les francophones car on voit to et on veut mettre l'infinitif meet.
  1. 1Pourquoi dit-on It is worth doing et non to do ?
Worth est un adjectif qui se comporte comme une préposition dans cette structure. C'est une exception idiomatique très courante.
  1. 1Le gerund est-il identique au participe présent ?
Morphologiquement, oui. Grammaticalement, non. Le gerund est un nom, le participe présent est une forme verbale ou adjectivale (The crying baby).

Gerund vs. Infinitive Structures

Form Gerund (-ing) Infinitive (to + V)
Simple
Doing
To do
Negative
Not doing
Not to do
Passive
Being done
To be done
Perfect
Having done
To have done
Perfect Passive
Having been done
To have been done
Continuous
N/A
To be doing

Meanings

The use of gerunds (the -ing form) and infinitives (to + base form) as objects or subjects in a sentence to represent an action as a concept or thing.

1

Gerund as Subject/Object

Using the -ing form to talk about an activity in general.

“Skiing is my favorite winter sport.”

“I really enjoy hiking in the mountains.”

2

Infinitive of Purpose

Using 'to + verb' to explain why someone does something.

“I went to the store to buy milk.”

“She studied hard to pass the exam.”

3

Meaning-Change Verbs

Verbs like 'remember', 'forget', and 'stop' that change meaning based on the complement.

“I stopped to smoke (I paused my walk to have a cigarette).”

“I stopped smoking (I quit the habit).”

4

Gerunds after Prepositions

English strictly requires the -ing form after any preposition.

“I am interested in learning more.”

“She is good at drawing.”

Reference Table

Reference table for Verbe en Nom: Utiliser les Gérondifs & Infinitifs (-ing / to)
Contexte d'utilisation Forme Exemple de verbe Exemple de phrase
Sujet de la phrase
Gerund
Swimming
Swimming is great exercise.
Après les prépositions
Gerund
of learning
She dreams of learning German.
Après certains verbes
Gerund
enjoy watching
I enjoy watching documentaries.
Après certains verbes
Infinitive
decide to go
They decided to go home.
Verbe + Objet + Infinitif
Infinitive
told him to wait
I told him to wait for me.
Adjectifs + Infinitif
Infinitive
easy to understand
This rule is easy to understand.
Verbes à sens changeant (stop)
Gerund
stop eating
You should stop eating sugar.
Verbes à sens changeant (stop)
Infinitive
stop to eat
We stopped to eat lunch.
Verbes à sens changeant (try)
Gerund
try calling
Try calling her number again.
Verbes à sens changeant (try)
Infinitive
try to call
I will try to call her later.

Spectre de formalité

Formel
I would suggest implementing a new strategy.

I would suggest implementing a new strategy. (Business meeting)

Neutre
I suggest trying a new strategy.

I suggest trying a new strategy. (Business meeting)

Informel
How about trying something else?

How about trying something else? (Business meeting)

Argot
Let's just wing it.

Let's just wing it. (Business meeting)

Gérondifs et Infinitifs : Transformations verbales

Formes verbe-nom

Gérondifs (-ing)

  • Sujet Reading is fun.
  • Après Préposition Good at drawing.
  • Après Verbes Enjoy playing.

Infinitifs (to + Verbe)

  • Objet Decide to go.
  • Après Adjectifs Easy to learn.
  • But Stopped to eat.

Les deux (Changement de sens)

  • Stop Stop smoking / Stop to smoke.
  • Remember Remember locking / Remember to lock.

Gérondifs vs. Infinitifs : Guide rapide

Quand utiliser les Gérondifs
Sujet de la phrase Running is healthy.
Après les prépositions Thank you for helping.
Après des verbes comme 'enjoy' She enjoys dancing.
Quand utiliser les Infinitifs
Après des verbes comme 'decide' I decided to leave.
Après les adjectifs It's difficult to understand.
Pour montrer le but He called to apologize.
Verbes avec les deux (Changement de sens)
Stop Stop talking / Stop to talk.
Try Try doing / Try to do.
Remember Remember seeing / Remember to see.

Choisir Gérondif ou Infinitif : Un organigramme décisionnel

1

Le verbe est-il précédé d'une préposition (par ex. in, on, about, for, without) ?

YES
Utilise le GÉRONDIF
NO
Continue
2

Le verbe est-il le sujet de la phrase ?

YES
Utilise le GÉRONDIF
NO
Continue
3

Le verbe principal est-il un de ceux qui prennent habituellement un INFINITIF (par ex. want, need, decide, hope) ?

YES
Utilise l'INFINITIF
NO
Continue
4

Le verbe principal est-il un de ceux qui prennent habituellement un GÉRONDIF (par ex. enjoy, finish, avoid, suggest) ?

YES
Utilise le GÉRONDIF
NO
Continue
5

Le verbe change-t-il de sens avec une forme différente (par ex. stop, remember, try) ?

YES
Examine attentivement le sens voulu
NO
Consulte un dictionnaire ou observe les usages courants

Groupes de verbes courants

Verbes + Gérondif

  • Enjoy
  • Finish
  • Avoid
  • Mind
  • Suggest
  • Consider
  • Deny
  • Admit
➡️

Verbes + Infinitif

  • Decide
  • Agree
  • Hope
  • Plan
  • Promise
  • Want
  • Learn
  • Refuse
👤➡️

Verbes + Objet + Infinitif

  • Ask
  • Tell
  • Advise
  • Allow
  • Force
  • Remind
  • Encourage
  • Persuade
↔️

Verbes + Gérondif OU Infinitif (Même sens)

  • Start
  • Begin
  • Continue
  • Like
  • Love
  • Hate
  • Prefer
⁉️

Verbes + Gérondif OU Infinitif (Sens différent)

  • Stop
  • Remember
  • Forget
  • Try
  • Regret
  • Need

Exemples par niveau

1

I like reading books.

2

I want to go home.

3

Swimming is fun.

4

He needs to sleep.

1

She finished doing her homework.

2

They decided to buy a car.

3

I am interested in learning English.

4

We went to the cafe to meet friends.

1

You should avoid eating too much sugar.

2

I hope to see you soon.

3

He kept talking even though I was busy.

4

It is difficult to understand him.

1

I remember visiting Paris when I was ten.

2

Please remember to lock the door.

3

I tried to open the window, but it was stuck.

4

Try adding some salt to the soup.

1

I resent being treated like a child.

2

He is reported to have escaped from prison.

3

I object to being spoken to in that tone.

4

The company anticipates making a profit this year.

1

I don't much care for his interfering in our affairs.

2

To have lived through such a crisis is a miracle.

3

I watched the sun set over the horizon.

4

The suspect confessed to having forged the documents.

Facile à confondre

Verb-to-Noun: Using Gerunds & Infinitives (-ing / to) vs Stop doing vs Stop to do

Learners often use 'stop to do' when they mean they quit a habit.

Verb-to-Noun: Using Gerunds & Infinitives (-ing / to) vs Remember doing vs Remember to do

Mixing up past memories with future tasks.

Verb-to-Noun: Using Gerunds & Infinitives (-ing / to) vs Go on doing vs Go on to do

Used incorrectly in academic or biographical contexts.

Erreurs courantes

I like swim.

I like swimming.

The verb 'like' needs a gerund or infinitive, not a base form.

I want going.

I want to go.

'Want' always takes an infinitive.

He is good in play.

He is good at playing.

Prepositions need -ing.

To reading is fun.

Reading is fun.

Gerunds are more natural as subjects than infinitives.

I am thinking to go.

I am thinking of going.

'Think of' is a prepositional phrase requiring a gerund.

She finished to eat.

She finished eating.

'Finish' requires a gerund.

I went for buy milk.

I went to buy milk.

Use 'to' for purpose, not 'for'.

I suggest to wait.

I suggest waiting.

'Suggest' never takes a to-infinitive.

I don't mind to help.

I don't mind helping.

'Mind' requires a gerund.

I am used to get up early.

I am used to getting up early.

Here 'to' is a preposition.

I regret to tell him the news.

I regret telling him the news.

Use gerund for past regrets; infinitive for giving bad news now.

He was seen cross the road.

He was seen crossing the road.

Passive perception verbs usually take the -ing form.

I look forward to meet you.

I look forward to meeting you.

'To' is a preposition here.

They denied to have stolen it.

They denied having stolen it.

'Deny' takes a gerund.

Structures de phrases

I am looking forward to ___.

It's no use ___.

I would rather ___ than ___.

I resent ___.

Real World Usage

Job Interviews very common

I am skilled at managing large teams.

Texting constant

Stop bugging me!

Social Media very common

Thanks for following!

Travel common

I'd like to check in, please.

Food Delivery Apps occasional

Your order is being prepared.

Academic Writing constant

Understanding the data is crucial.

💡

Écoute les modèles

Sois attentif à la façon dont les natifs utilisent les gérondifs et infinitifs dans les films, podcasts et conversations. Ton oreille va commencer à capter ce qui sonne juste naturellement. Par exemple : I love dancing.
🎯

Mémorise les paires de verbes

Au lieu de verbes isolés, essaie d'apprendre des associations courantes comme enjoy + -ing ou decide + to-infinitive. Les fiches de révision sont tes meilleures amies, surtout pour les plus délicats. Par exemple :
He decided to leave.
⚠️

Les prépositions sont reines !

S'il y a une préposition avant le verbe, ce sera presque toujours un gérondif. Souviens-toi de 'look forward to' et 'be used to' comme exemples courants où 'to' agit comme une préposition. "I'm looking forward to seeing you."
🌍

Nuances formelles vs informelles

Parfois, utiliser un gérondif comme sujet peut sembler plus naturel dans le langage courant, tandis qu'un infinitif pourrait être utilisé dans une écriture plus formelle ou des contextes très spécifiques. N'aie pas peur de sonner plus naturel !
Reading books is relaxing.
💡

Utilise un bon dictionnaire

En cas de doute, consulte un dictionnaire fiable. Ils listent souvent les schémas grammaticaux associés aux verbes, indiquant s'ils prennent un gérondif, un infinitif, ou les deux.
I admit stealing the cookie.

Smart Tips

Never use 'to'. Always use -ing or a 'that' clause.

I suggest to go to the park. I suggest going to the park.

Use 'to + verb' instead of 'for + -ing'.

I went to the shop for buying bread. I went to the shop to buy bread.

Check if the action happened in the past (use -ing) or needs to happen in the future (use to).

I remembered to visit her last year (if you mean the memory). I remembered visiting her last year.

Always add -ing to the following verb.

I look forward to hear from you. I look forward to hearing from you.

Prononciation

/ɪŋ/

The -ing suffix

In casual speech, the 'g' is often dropped (e.g., 'runnin'), but in formal English, the full 'ng' sound is expected.

/tə/

The 'to' particle

In the infinitive, 'to' is usually unstressed and sounds like 'tuh'.

Emphasis on the Gerund

I LOVE ↗swimming.

Emphasizes the activity itself.

Mémorise-le

Moyen mnémotechnique

Prepositions are 'ing'-clined to take the gerund.

Association visuelle

Imagine a 'To' bridge leading to a future goal (Infinitive) and an '-ing' circle representing a continuous cycle or a past memory (Gerund).

Rhyme

After 'suggest' and 'avoid', the -ing form is employed. After 'hope' and 'decide', the 'to' form will be your guide.

Story

I was 'walking' (gerund) in the park when I 'stopped to look' (infinitive of purpose) at a bird. I 'remembered seeing' (gerund for memory) that bird before. I 'decided to take' (infinitive for decision) a photo.

Word Web

SuggestEnjoyAvoidDecideHopePlanPrepositionPurpose

Défi

Write 5 sentences about your career goals using at least 3 gerunds and 3 infinitives.

Notes culturelles

BrE often uses 'like + gerund' (I like swimming), whereas AmE is more likely to use 'like + infinitive' (I like to swim), though both are understood.

Gerunds are preferred for naming fields of study or complex processes in formal papers.

Sometimes uses 'a-' prefixing with gerunds in folk speech, though this is non-standard.

The English gerund evolved from the Old English suffix '-ung', while the infinitive comes from the Germanic 'to' + dative case of the verbal noun.

Amorces de conversation

What is something you really enjoy doing on weekends?

What do you hope to achieve in the next five years?

Is there anything you regret doing in your past?

What would you suggest doing to improve the local economy?

Sujets d'écriture

Write about a time you tried to learn a new skill but failed. What did you try doing to fix the problem?
Describe your dream job. What do you look forward to doing every day?
Discuss the pros and cons of living abroad. Use gerunds as subjects.
Write a letter to your younger self. What would you advise them to do or avoid doing?

Erreurs courantes

Incorrect

Correct


Incorrect

Correct


Incorrect

Correct


Incorrect

Correct

Test Yourself

Choisis la bonne forme

She finished ___ her essay just before the deadline.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: writing
Le verbe 'finish' est toujours suivi d'un gérondif.
Trouve et corrige l'erreur Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

I'm looking forward to go on vacation next month.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I'm looking forward to going on vacation next month.
L'expression 'look forward to' utilise 'to' comme une préposition, donc elle doit être suivie d'un gérondif.
Quelle phrase est correcte ? Choix multiple

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: He promised to help me with my project.
Le verbe 'promise' est suivi d'un infinitif.
Remets les mots dans l'ordre Sentence Reorder

Arrange the words in the correct order:

All words placed

Click words above to build the sentence

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I enjoy reading fantasy novels
Le verbe 'enjoy' est suivi d'un gérondif.
Traduis la phrase en anglais Traduction

Translate into English: 'Ella se detuvo para estirar las piernas.'

Answer starts with: ["S...

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ["She stopped to stretch her legs.","She paused to stretch her legs."]
Pour exprimer la raison de l'arrêt, utilise l'infinitif. Si elle avait cessé l'activité d'étirement, ce serait 'She stopped stretching her legs'.

Score: /5

Exercices pratiques

8 exercises
Choose the correct form of the verb. Choix multiple

I suggest ___ to the museum instead.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: going
'Suggest' is always followed by a gerund.
Fill in the blank with the correct form (gerund or infinitive).

I'll never forget ___ (see) the Eiffel Tower for the first time.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: seeing
We use the gerund with 'forget' when talking about a past memory.
Find the mistake in the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

I am looking forward to meet you next week.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: to meet
It should be 'to meeting' because 'to' is a preposition here.
Rewrite the sentence using the word in brackets. Sentence Transformation

It is not worth trying to fix this. (USE)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: It is no use trying to fix this.
'It is no use' is a fixed expression followed by a gerund.
Match the verb to its required complement form. Match Pairs

1. Avoid, 2. Decide, 3. Stop (quit)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 1-Gerund, 2-Infinitive, 3-Gerund
Avoid + ing, Decide + to, Stop + ing.
Select the correct meaning. Choix multiple

He stopped to talk to her.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: He paused his previous action so he could talk to her.
'Stop + infinitive' indicates purpose.
Complete the sentence.

She is interested in ___ (apply) for the job.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: applying
After the preposition 'in', we must use a gerund.
Which sentence is correct? Choix multiple

Choose the grammatically perfect sentence.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I want you to go.
'Want' follows the pattern: Verb + Object + To-Infinitive.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

12 exercises
Choisis la bonne forme Texte trous

Have you considered ___ for that advanced course?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: applying
Trouve et corrige l'erreur Error Correction

I regret telling you this, but we need to postpone the meeting.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I regret to tell you this, but we need to postpone the meeting.
Quelle phrase est correcte ? Choix multiple

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: It's difficult to master a new skill overnight.
Traduis la phrase en anglais Traduction

Translate into English: 'Ella me sugirió ir a la playa.'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ["She suggested going to the beach.","She suggested we go to the beach."]
Remets les mots dans l'ordre Sentence Reorder

Arrange these words into a sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I decided to study abroad next semester
Associe chaque verbe à sa forme typique Match Pairs

Match the verbs with the correct form:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: matched
Choisis la bonne forme Texte trous

I can't imagine ___ without my phone for a day.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: living
Trouve et corrige l'erreur Error Correction

He offered taking us to the airport.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: He offered to take us to the airport.
Quelle phrase est correcte ? Choix multiple

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: She didn't deny breaking the vase.
Traduis la phrase en anglais Traduction

Translate into English: 'Recuerdo haber cerrado la puerta.'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ["I remember locking the door."]
Remets les mots dans l'ordre Sentence Reorder

Arrange these words into a sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Learning a new language is a challenge
Associe le verbe à son mode d'utilisation typique Match Pairs

Match the verbs with the phrase that correctly completes them:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: matched

Score: /12

FAQ (8)

In this phrase, 'to' is a preposition, not part of the infinitive. Just as you say 'I'm going to London' (noun), you must use a gerund (verbal noun) after 'to' here.

'Try to do' means you are making an effort to achieve something difficult. 'Try doing' means you are experimenting with an action to see if it solves a problem.

Yes, usually. 'I like swimming' and 'I like to swim' are both correct. However, 'I like to swim' often implies a habit or something you think is a good idea, while 'I like swimming' focuses on the enjoyment of the activity.

Common ones include: avoid, enjoy, finish, mind, suggest, recommend, and keep.

No. After modal verbs (can, should, must) and verbs like 'make' and 'let', we use the 'bare infinitive' without 'to'.

Absolutely! 'Smoking is prohibited' or 'Learning is fun' are perfect examples.

It's the form 'being + past participle'. For example: 'I don't like being told what to do.'

Try putting a noun after it. If it makes sense (e.g., 'I'm used to *the noise*'), then 'to' is a preposition and needs a gerund.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Spanish moderate

Infinitivo

Spanish never uses the -ando/-iendo form as a noun.

French moderate

Infinitif

French uses the gerundive (en + participe présent) only for simultaneous actions.

German high

Infinitiv mit zu

German has no direct equivalent to the English -ing gerund.

Japanese low

Koto / No (Nominalizers)

Japanese doesn't have a 'to-infinitive' vs 'gerund' distinction; it depends on the following particle.

Arabic partial

Masdar

The Masdar is a distinct morphological form, not just a suffix like -ing.

Chinese none

No change

There are no morphological markers like -ing or 'to'.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

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