Hindi Kausative: Dinge erledigen lassen (-ā & -vā)
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Causatives allow you to express that someone else is performing an action for you, using -ā (direct) or -vā (indirect) suffixes.
- Add -ā to the root for direct causation (e.g., 'karnā' -> 'karānā' - to make someone do).
- Add -vā to the root for indirect causation (e.g., 'karvānā' - to get someone to do something).
- Causatives change intransitive verbs to transitive and transitive verbs to double-transitive.
Overview
How This Grammar Works
- 1Intransitiv (Der Praktikant): Die Handlung passiert, oder du tust es selbst. (z.B. „Das Auto bewegt sich.“)
- 2Erster Kausativ (Der Manager): Du tust jemandem etwas an oder hilfst direkt. (z.B. „Ich fahre das Auto.“)
- 3Zweiter Kausativ (Der CEO): Du rührst die Arbeit nicht an. Du lässt jemand anderen arbeiten. (z.B. „Ich lasse den Fahrer fahren.“)
Formation Pattern
karnā (machen). Entferne nā → kar.
-ā hinzu.
kar + ā + nā = karānā (machen lassen/veranlassen).
-vā hinzu.
kar + vā + nā = karvānā (durch jemanden erledigen lassen).
sīkh → sikhānā).
When To Use It
- Dienstleistungen: Du schneidest deine Haare nicht selbst. Du
katvānā(lässt sie schneiden). - Bestellungen: Du
mangvānā(lässt kommen/bestellst) eine Pizza.
Common Mistakes
- Die „Machen“-Falle: „Ich brachte ihn zum Lachen“ ist nicht
mãīne usko banāyā hãs. Es ist einfachmãīne use hãsāyā. - Der Agent: Im zweiten Kausativ wird die Person, die die Arbeit macht, mit
semarkiert.
Contrast With Similar Patterns
- Deutsch vs. Hindi: Deutsch nutzt „lassen“. Hindi verändert das Verb.
- Deutsch: „Ich lasse das Haus reinigen.“
- Hindi: „Mãī ghar sāf karvātā hū̃.“
Quick FAQ
F: Kann jedes Verb kausativ werden?
Fast jedes Aktionsverb.
F: Benutze ich se auch für den ersten Kausativ?
Meistens ko. bacce ko paṛhānā (das Kind lehren).
Causative Formation Table
| Root Verb | Direct Causative (-ā) | Indirect Causative (-vā) |
|---|---|---|
|
karnā (to do)
|
karānā
|
karvānā
|
|
dekhnā (to see)
|
dikhānā
|
dikhvānā
|
|
padhnā (to read)
|
padhānā
|
padhvānā
|
|
likhnā (to write)
|
likhānā
|
likhvānā
|
|
khānā (to eat)
|
khilānā
|
khilvānā
|
|
sonā (to sleep)
|
sulānā
|
sulvānā
|
Meanings
Causative verbs indicate that the subject causes another person to perform an action rather than doing it themselves.
Direct Causative (-ā)
The subject directly influences the agent to perform the action.
“वह मुझे हँसाता है (He makes me laugh).”
“माँ बच्चे को खिलाती है (Mother feeds the child).”
Indirect Causative (-vā)
The subject arranges for an action to be done by a third party.
“मैंने घर बनवाया (I got the house built).”
“उसने पत्र लिखवाया (He got the letter written).”
Reference Table
| Grundform (Selbst tun) | 1. Kausativ (Direkt bewirken) | 2. Kausativ (Delegieren) | Bedeutungswechsel |
|---|---|---|---|
|
karnā (tun)
|
karānā
|
karvānā
|
Tun → Machen lassen
|
|
sunnā (hören)
|
sunānā
|
sunvānā
|
Hören → Erzählen → Vorlesen lassen
|
|
pīnā (trinken)
|
pilānā
|
pilvānā
|
Trinken → Zu trinken geben → Tränken lassen
|
|
dekhnā (sehen)
|
dikhānā
|
dikhvānā
|
Sehen → Zeigen → Zeigen lassen
|
|
samajhnā (verstehen)
|
samjhānā
|
samjhvānā
|
Verstehen → Erklären → Erklären lassen
|
|
denā (geben)
|
dilānā
|
dilvānā
|
Geben → Besorgen → Geben lassen
|
|
khānā (essen)
|
khilānā
|
khilvānā
|
Essen → Füttern → Füttern lassen
|
Formalitätsspektrum
Maine yah kārya pūrṇ karvāyā. (Work)
Maine yah kaam karvāyā. (Work)
Maine kaam karvā diyā. (Work)
Kaam ho gayā. (Work)
Die Hierarchie des Tuns
Intransitiv (Selbst)
- hãsnā lachen
1. Kausativ (Direkt)
- hãsānā zum Lachen bringen
2. Kausativ (Indirekt)
- hãsvānā lachen lassen (durch Dritte)
Suffix-Duell: -ā vs -vā
Welche Verbform brauche ich?
Machst du die Aktion selbst?
Machst du es DIREKT mit jemandem?
Typische Kausativ-Situationen
Dienstleistungen
- • katvānā (Haarschnitt)
- • banvānā (Reparatur)
- • dhulvānā (Wäsche)
Soziales
- • khinchvānā (Foto machen lassen)
- • bhejvānā (Paket schicken)
- • mangvānā (Essen bestellen)
Beispiele nach Niveau
माँ बच्चे को हँसाती है।
Mother makes the child laugh.
उसने मुझे जगाया।
He woke me up.
वह खाना खिलाती है।
She feeds the food.
मैंने उसे बुलाया।
I called him.
मैंने बाल कटवाए।
I got my hair cut.
उसने घर बनवाया।
He got the house built.
क्या आपने पत्र लिखवाया?
Did you get the letter written?
मैंने गाड़ी ठीक करवाई।
I got the car fixed.
शिक्षक ने छात्रों को पाठ पढ़ाया।
The teacher taught the lesson to the students.
मैंने दर्ज़ी से सूट सिलवाया।
I got a suit stitched by the tailor.
उसने मुझे यह काम करने को कहा।
He told me to do this work.
क्या आप यह काम करवा सकते हैं?
Can you get this work done?
सरकार ने नए नियम लागू करवाए।
The government got the new rules implemented.
उसने अपनी बात मनवाई।
He got his point accepted.
मैंने उससे माफ़ी मंगवाई।
I made him apologize.
उसने मुझे बहुत रुलाया।
He made me cry a lot.
लेखक ने पाठकों को सोचने पर मजबूर किया।
The author forced the readers to think.
उसने अपने प्रभाव का इस्तेमाल करके काम निकलवाया।
He got the work done by using his influence.
उसने मुझे अपनी बातों में फँसाया।
He trapped me in his words.
मैंने उससे अपनी गलती स्वीकार करवाई।
I made him admit his mistake.
उसने अपनी कूटनीति से शांति स्थापित करवाई।
He got peace established through his diplomacy.
उसने अपने अनुयायियों से विद्रोह करवाया।
He incited his followers to revolt.
उसने अपनी कला के माध्यम से लोगों को प्रेरित किया।
He inspired people through his art.
उसने अपनी वसीयत में बदलाव करवाए।
He got changes made in his will.
Leicht verwechselbar
Both involve someone else.
Looks like causative.
Suffix confusion.
Häufige Fehler
Maine kapṛe silā.
Maine kapṛe silvāe.
Woh hansā.
Woh hansāyā.
Maine khāyā.
Maine khilāyā.
Woh jagā.
Woh jagāyā.
Maine ghar banāyā.
Maine ghar banvāyā.
Maine patr likhā.
Maine patr likhvāyā.
Maine baal katā.
Maine baal katvāe.
Maine use kaam karāyā.
Maine use kaam karvāyā.
Woh padhāyā.
Woh padhvāyā.
Maine gāḍī thīk karī.
Maine gāḍī thīk karvāī.
Usne mujhe mārā.
Usne mujhe pitvāyā.
Maine use mānā.
Maine use manvāyā.
Usne mujhe rulāyā.
Usne mujhe rulvāyā.
Satzmuster
Maine ___ ___vāyā.
Usne mujhe ___yā.
Kya aapne ___ ___vāyā?
Maine usse ___ ___vāyā.
Real World Usage
Maine baal katvāe.
Maine gāḍī thīk karvāī.
Maine suit silvāyā.
Maine report likhvāī.
Usne mujhe hansāyā!
Maine ticket book karvāyā.
Vokale schrumpfen lassen
Main usko jitata hoon.
Der Höflichkeits-Hack
Ye kaam karvā dijiye.
Keine Superkräfte!
Maine phone gira diya.
Smart Tips
Use -vā.
Use -ā.
Use -vā.
Use -ā.
Aussprache
Vowel Length
The -ā and -vā suffixes are long vowels.
Statement
Maine kaam karvāyā ↘
Declarative
Einprägen
Eselsbrücke
A is for Action (Direct), V is for Via (Indirect).
Visuelle Assoziation
Imagine a puppet master. Pulling the string directly is -ā. Hiring a puppet master to pull the string is -vā.
Rhyme
For direct, use the ā, to make them do it today. For indirect, use the vā, to get it done, hip-hurrah!
Story
I wanted a chair. I didn't build it (simple). I made my brother build it (direct -ā). I hired a carpenter to build it (indirect -vā).
Word Web
Herausforderung
Write 3 sentences about things you got done today using -vā.
Kulturelle Hinweise
Causatives are used heavily in service-oriented interactions.
Used in official documents to denote delegated tasks.
Often shortened in speech.
Derived from Sanskrit causative suffixes.
Gesprächseinstiege
Aapne aaj kya karvāyā?
Kya aapne baal katvāe?
Woh aapko kyun hansā raha hai?
Kya aapne ghar banvāyā hai?
Tagebuch-Impulse
Häufige Fehler
Test Yourself
Score: /3
Ubungsaufgaben
8 exercisesMaine kapṛe ____ (silvāe/sile).
Usne mujhe ____ (hansāyā/hansa).
Find and fix the mistake:
Maine ghar banāyā (I got it built).
Main kaam karta hoon -> Main kaam ____.
Match: Karnā -> ?
Usne mujhe ____ (rulvāyā/rulāyā).
Maine gāḍī ____ (thīk karvāī/thīk karī).
Woh padhta hai -> Woh ____.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesScore: /12
FAQ (8)
-ā is direct, -vā is indirect.
Most transitive verbs can.
Historical vowel shifts.
It is used in all registers.
Use the simple verb.
Yes, irregular roots.
Use it for services.
No, it is active.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Hacer + infinitive
Hindi is morphological; Spanish is periphrastic.
Faire + infinitive
Hindi is morphological; French is periphrastic.
Lassen + infinitive
Hindi is morphological; German is periphrastic.
Causative suffix -saseru
Hindi has two levels; Japanese has one.
Form IV/II verbs
Arabic uses prefix/vowel changes; Hindi uses suffixes.
使 (shǐ) / 让 (ràng)
Hindi is morphological; Chinese is periphrastic.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
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