Palabras de Conexión: Y, Pero, O
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'and', 'but', and 'or' to link equal grammatical elements while maintaining parallel structure and logical flow.
- Use 'and' for addition: 'He likes tea and coffee.'
- Use 'but' for contrast: 'It was raining but warm.'
- Use 'or' for choices: 'Tea or coffee?'
Overview
and, but, y or – se convierten en herramientas indispensables.and, but, y or forman parte de una clase pequeña y cerrada de palabras que conectan dos o más elementos de igual rango gramatical. Este principio de paralelismo es fundamental: pueden unir palabras individuales (nouns and verbs), frases (in the park or by the river) u oraciones (She studied diligently, but she still found the exam challenging). La estructura gramatical que precede a la conjunción debe reflejar la estructura que le sigue, asegurando el equilibrio sintáctico y el flujo lógico dentro de tu oración.And: Indica principalmente adición, secuencia o el enlace de elementos que comparten un atributo o propósito común. Acumula información, a menudo sugiriendo una continuación o un resultado.
The research was extensive, and the conclusions were groundbreaking. Aquí, and añade otra característica positiva.But: Señala contraste, oposición o una excepción a una declaración anterior. Introduce información que va en contra de una expectativa establecida por el primer elemento. Considera:The project was ambitious, but the team achieved its objectives ahead of schedule.Butintroduce un resultado exitoso a pesar de la dificultad inicial.Or: Presenta alternativas, opciones o condiciones. Implica una selección entre dos o más posibilidades, o a veces una consecuencia negativa si no se toma cierta acción. Por ejemplo:You can submit your proposal by Friday, or you risk missing the funding deadline.Ordelimita claramente dos resultados distintos basados en una decisión.
and, but, y or son en gran medida consistentes, pero el uso avanzado requiere una atención cuidadosa a la colocación de las comas y la regla crítica de la estructura paralela. Cuando estas conjunciones conectan elementos gramaticalmente equivalentes, dichos elementos deben compartir la misma forma (por ejemplo, sustantivo con sustantivo, frase verbal con frase verbal, oración independiente con oración independiente).- 1Conectar Dos Palabras o Frases: Normalmente no se usa coma antes de la conjunción.
He orderedcoffee and a pastry.(dos sustantivos/sintagmas nominales)The report needs to beconcise but comprehensive.(dos adjetivos)You can find the datain the database or on the server.(dos sintagmas preposicionales)
She enjoys hiking, swimming, and to read novels. Correcto: She enjoys hiking, swimming, and reading novels. (todos gerundios).- 1Conectar Elementos en una Serie (Tres o Más): Generalmente se usa una coma entre cada elemento, y opcionalmente antes de la conjunción que precede al último elemento. Esta coma final se conoce como coma de Oxford o coma serial, y aunque su uso varía estilísticamente, a menudo mejora la claridad, especialmente en listas complejas.
The conference included speakers fromdiverse fields, innovative startups, and established corporations.(coma de Oxford usada para claridad)For the experiment, we neededbeakers, Bunsen burners, and titration equipment.
Item 1, Item 2, and/or Item 3. La consistencia es clave dentro de cualquier texto dado.- 1Conectar Dos Oraciones Independientes: Una oración independiente es un grupo de palabras que contiene tanto un sujeto como un predicado y puede funcionar como una oración completa por sí sola. Al unir dos de estas oraciones con
and,but, oor, debe usarse una coma antes de la conjunción coordinante. Esta coma señala una breve pausa entre dos pensamientos completos, distintos pero relacionados.
and | Independent Clause 1, and Independent Clause 2. | The market trends were unfavorable, and the company adjusted its strategy. | Adición/Secuencia |but | Independent Clause 1, but Independent Clause 2. | The initial findings were promising, but further analysis revealed significant discrepancies. | Contraste/Oposición |or | Independent Clause 1, or Independent Clause 2. | You must complete the ethical review, or your research cannot proceed to the next phase. | Alternativa/Consecuencia |I submitted my application, I waited for a response. es incorrecto. Debería ser I submitted my application, and I waited for a response.- 1Conectar Dos Oraciones Dependientes: Si la conjunción conecta dos oraciones dependientes que comparten la misma oración independiente, generalmente no se necesita coma.
He wonderedif he should accept the offer or if he should negotiate further.(ambas oracionesifson dependientes y paralelas).
and, but, y or a desplegarlos estratégicamente para obtener el máximo impacto. Cada conjunción ofrece capacidades expresivas matizadas.Andand cumple varias funciones sofisticadas:- Acumulación y Refuerzo: Para añadir detalles de apoyo o reforzar una declaración previa.
The experimental design was rigorous, and the statistical analysis was equally meticulous.(Refuerza la calidad)- Secuencia de Eventos/Acciones: Para indicar que una acción sigue a otra, a menudo implicando causa y efecto.
She presented her findings, and the committee immediately approved the next stage of funding.(Consecuencia implícita: la aprobación siguió a la presentación)- Resultado o Consecuencia: Para introducir el resultado de una acción o condición precedente.
You ignore these regulations, and you risk severe penalties.(Una consecuencia directa)- Énfasis/Elaboración: Especialmente en el inglés hablado,
andpuede enfatizar una continuación o un punto adicional. He worked tirelessly, and then some.(Enfatiza el esfuerzo más allá de lo esperado)- Expresiones Idiomáticas: Muchas frases fijas usan
andpara vincular conceptos relacionados. You need to learn theins and outsof the system.She’s been workingday and nightto meet the deadline.
ButBut es tu recurso principal para introducir oposición, excepción o un cambio en la expectativa. Su uso efectivo demuestra la capacidad de reconocer la complejidad y los contraargumentos.- Contraste Directo: Para yuxtaponer dos ideas o hechos opuestos.
The theory was elegant, but its practical application proved challenging.- Excepción/Calificación: Para resaltar una condición que va en contra de la regla general o la expectativa.
Most of the participants agreed with the proposal, but a vocal minority raised valid concerns.- Contradicción de la Expectativa: Para introducir un resultado sorprendente o inesperado.
He studied diligently for weeks, but he still failed the final examination.(Contradice la expectativa de que la diligencia conduce al éxito)ButRetórico: A veces se usa para señalar un contraargumento más fuerte o una advertencia crucial en una discusión.The budget cuts are necessary, but at what cost to public services?(Plantea una pregunta crítica)- Contraste con
However: Mientras quebutconecta elementos dentro de una sola oración,however(un adverbio conjuntivo) típicamente conecta ideas entre oraciones, a menudo precedido por un punto y coma o apareciendo al principio de una nueva oración. Ejemplo:The cost is prohibitive; however, the benefits are substantial.vs.The cost is prohibitive, but the benefits are substantial.
OrOr es crucial para presentar opciones, describir condiciones o aclarar alternativas. Su uso preciso te permite delinear claramente las posibilidades.- Presentar Opciones Exclusivas: Para indicar que solo una de las opciones presentadas puede ser seleccionada (
either/or). We can implement the new system in Q3, or we can delay it until Q4.(Una opción excluye la otra)- Presentar Alternativas Inclusivas: Menos comúnmente,
orpuede sugerir que múltiples opciones podrían ser aceptables, particularmente en preguntas o si se combina con una redacción específica (por ejemplo,Do you want tea or coffee?– típicamente implica una, peroDo you have any experience in marketing or sales?implica una o ambas). - Indicar una Condición/Consecuencia Negativa: Para advertir sobre un resultado si no se cumple una condición previa.
You must backup your data regularly, or you risk losing critical information.- Clarificación o Reformulación: Para ofrecer una palabra o frase alternativa que aclare la anterior.
The phenomenon is known ascognitive dissonance, or the mental discomfortexperienced when holding contradictory beliefs.Or else: Una versión más fuerte y enfática deorque señala una consecuencia grave.Complete the assignment by noon, or else face a grade reduction.
and, but, y or pueden socavar la claridad y la corrección gramatical. Para los hablantes nativos de español, existen algunas trampas particulares que surgen de la transferencia del idioma materno (L1).- 1Omitir la Coma Antes de Oraciones Independientes: En español, a menudo no se usa coma cuando se unen dos oraciones con
y,perooo. Sin embargo, en inglés, cuandoand,but, yorconectan dos oraciones independientes (cada una con su propio sujeto y verbo), la coma es obligatoria antes de la conjunción.
- Error común (influencia del español):
I finished the report and I sent it to my boss. - Correcto:
I finished the report, and I sent it to my boss. - Por qué ocurre: En español, la estructura
Oración 1 y Oración 2.sin coma es la norma. El inglés requiere la coma para separar las dos cláusulas independientes completas, señalando una pausa y una distinción clara entre las dos ideas.
- 1Falta de Paralelismo: Este es un error común en inglés en general, pero los hablantes de español pueden ser particularmente propensos a él debido a la flexibilidad en el orden de las palabras y las estructuras de las frases en español.
- Error común:
She likesreading novels, to watch movies, andhiking.` - Correcto:
She likesreading novels, watching movies, and hiking.(todos gerundios) - O Correcto:
She likesto read novels, to watch movies, and to hike.(todos infinitivos) - Por qué ocurre: El español permite una mayor variedad en la estructura de las listas. Por ejemplo, podrías decir
Me gusta leer novelas, ver películas y el senderismo.mezclando un infinitivo, un gerundio (funciona como sustantivo) y un sustantivo. El inglés exige que los elementos conectados por una conjunción coordinante sean gramaticalmente idénticos en forma y función.
- 1Uso Incorrecto de
ButyAndpara Consecuencia: A veces, los hablantes de español pueden usary(and) donde en inglés sería más natural usarbutpara indicar una consecuencia inesperada o un contraste, o viceversa.
- Situación: Quieres decir que algo fue difícil pero se logró.
- Posible error (influencia del español):
The task was very difficult, and we completed it.(Suena un poco plano, como si la dificultad fuera solo un hecho adicional) - Más natural en inglés:
The task was very difficult, but we completed it.(Enfatiza el logro a pesar de la dificultad). - Por qué ocurre: En español,
ypuede usarse para conectar ideas que en inglés podrían requerirbutpara un contraste más fuerte. La distinción entre adición simple y contraste puede ser más sutil en español, llevando a una elección menos precisa en inglés.
- 1Confundir Conectores Coordinantes con Subordinantes o Adverbios Conjuntivos: Los hablantes de español están acostumbrados a una gama más amplia de conectores y a veces pueden usar
and,but, ooren contextos donde un adverbio conjuntivo comohowever,therefore, omoreoversería más apropiado para conectar oraciones o párrafos, o donde una conjunción subordinante es necesaria.
- Error común:
The weather was bad, but we still went for a walk.(Correcto, pero menos formal que...) - Alternativa más formal/conectora entre oraciones:
The weather was bad; however, we still went for a walk. - Por qué ocurre: Las conjunciones coordinantes (
for,and,nor,but,or,yet,so- FANBOYS) unen elementos de igual rango. Los adverbios conjuntivos (however,therefore,moreover,consequently) unen oraciones o cláusulas independientes, pero a menudo implican una relación lógica más compleja y requieren una puntuación diferente (generalmente punto y coma o punto).
and, but, y or con otras formas de conectar ideas en inglés para comprender mejor sus roles específicos y cuándo son más apropiados.and | but | or |Clause 1, and Clause 2. | Clause 1, but Clause 2. | Clause 1, or Clause 2. |Coffee and tea | Rich but simple | Black or white |In the morning and at night | On the table but not in the drawer | By train or by bus |He studied hard, and he passed the exam. | He studied hard, but he failed the exam. | Study now, or you will fail. |however, nevertheless, therefore, consequently, moreover, y furthermore también conectan ideas, pero generalmente lo hacen entre oraciones independientes o cláusulas independientes, y a menudo implican una relación lógica más fuerte o formal.but | however, nevertheless | Clause 1; however, Clause 2. / Clause 1. However, Clause 2. | Contraste, concesión |and | moreover, furthermore | Clause 1; moreover, Clause 2. / Clause 1. Moreover, Clause 2. | Adición, énfasis |and (consecuencia) | therefore, consequently | Clause 1; therefore, Clause 2. / Clause 1. Therefore, Clause 2. | Causa y efecto, resultado |- Coordinante:
The presentation was long, but it was informative.(Unión dentro de una oración) - Adverbio Conjuntivo:
The presentation was long; however, it was informative.(Unión entre dos oraciones, más formal)
although, though, while, whereas, because, since, if, unless) introducen cláusulas dependientes. Estas cláusulas no pueden existir por sí solas y modifican a la cláusula independiente.but | although, though, while | Although the presentation was long, it was informative. | Contraste (la cláusula subordinada modifica la principal) |and (secuencia) | after, when, as | After the presentation ended, we discussed the key points. | Secuencia temporal |and (causa/efecto) | because, since | The team secured funding because their proposal was compelling. | Causa y efecto (la cláusula subordinada explica la causa) |- 1¿Cuándo debo usar la coma de Oxford (serial comma) antes de
andooren una lista?
, and o , or) es opcional pero a menudo recomendada en inglés para mejorar la claridad, especialmente en listas complejas. Por ejemplo, We need to buy apples, oranges, and bananas. es claro. Sin embargo, si los elementos son frases más largas o si la omisión de la coma podría crear ambigüedad, es aún más importante.I'd like to thank my parents, Ayn Rand and God. (¿Son Ayn Rand y Dios los padres?). Con coma de Oxford: I'd like to thank my parents, Ayn Rand, and God. (Los tres son entidades distintas).- 1¿Puedo empezar una oración con
and,but, oor?
El uso de la coma después de la conjunción inicial es opcional en este caso, pero la puntuación debe ser correcta (But` aquí está conectando la idea de la oración anterior con la actual).- 1¿Cuál es la diferencia entre usar
buty usarhowever?
But es una conjunción coordinante que une dos elementos de igual rango gramatical dentro de una sola oración, generalmente precedida por una coma cuando une dos cláusulas independientes. However es un adverbio conjuntivo que conecta dos oraciones independientes o cláusulas, y típicamente se usa después de un punto y coma o al comienzo de una nueva oración, a menudo seguido de una coma. However tiende a ser más formal y puede indicar un contraste más fuerte o una advertencia más enfática que but.He is wealthy, but he is not happy.He is wealthy; however, he is not happy.
- 1¿Cómo sé si debo usar
andoor? ¿Hay alguna regla?
and para sumar información, indicar secuencia o conectar elementos similares. Usa or para presentar alternativas, opciones o condiciones.or. Si estás simplemente añadiendo otra pieza de información relacionada, usa and. Ejemplo: Would you like coffee or tea? (alternativa).I bought coffee and a croissant. (adición).Usage of Connectors by Grammatical Category
| Category | Connector | Example | Punctuation Note |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Nouns
|
and
|
Apples and oranges
|
No comma for two items
|
|
Adjectives
|
but
|
Small but mighty
|
No comma for two items
|
|
Verbs
|
or
|
Eat or drink
|
No comma for two items
|
|
Independent Clauses
|
and
|
I sang, and she danced.
|
Comma required
|
|
Independent Clauses
|
but
|
I tried, but I failed.
|
Comma required
|
|
Independent Clauses
|
or
|
Leave, or I'll call the police.
|
Comma required
|
|
Lists (3+ items)
|
and
|
Red, white, and blue
|
Oxford comma optional but recommended
|
Informal & Stylistic Variations
| Full Form | Informal/Stylistic | Context |
|---|---|---|
|
and
|
n'
|
Rock n' roll (Music/Casual)
|
|
and
|
&
|
Business names / Notes
|
|
but
|
yet
|
Formal contrast (He is old yet active)
|
|
or
|
v.
|
Legal/Sports (Team A v. Team B)
|
Meanings
Coordinating conjunctions connect words, phrases, or clauses of equal grammatical rank. They establish logical relationships of addition, contrast, or alternative.
Addition (And)
Used to join two or more items or ideas that are similar or related.
“She studied hard and passed the exam.”
“We need bread, milk, and eggs.”
Contrast (But)
Used to introduce a statement that adds something different or opposite to what has already been mentioned.
“I wanted to go, but I was too tired.”
“The movie was long but interesting.”
Alternative (Or)
Used to present a choice between two or more possibilities.
“Would you like tea or coffee?”
“We can walk or take the bus.”
Logical Consequence (And)
Used in conditional-style imperatives to show a result.
“Work hard and you will succeed.”
“Touch that and you'll be sorry.”
Exception (But)
Used as a preposition meaning 'except' or 'apart from'.
“Everyone but Sarah was there.”
“I have nothing but respect for him.”
Negative Warning (Or)
Used to show what will happen if the first part of the sentence does not occur.
“Hurry up, or we'll be late.”
“Stop that, or I'm leaving.”
Reference Table
| Conjunción | Función | Ejemplo | Contexto Moderno |
|---|---|---|---|
|
and
|
Adición (+)
|
I like coffee and tea.
|
Listar pasatiempos en una biografía
|
|
but
|
Contraste (≠)
|
I'm tired, but happy.
|
Criticar una película online
|
|
or
|
Elección (?)
|
Tea or coffee?
|
Pedir en una app de comida
|
|
and
|
Secuencia
|
I woke up and showered.
|
Pies de foto de un vlog diario
|
|
but
|
Corrección
|
Not red, but blue.
|
Corregir un error tipográfico en un chat
|
|
or
|
Posibilidad
|
Maybe today or tomorrow.
|
Programar una llamada de Zoom
|
Espectro de formalidad
The results were statistically significant; however, the sample size was limited. (Research reporting)
The results were significant, but the sample was small. (Research reporting)
It worked, but it was a tiny test. (Research reporting)
It's cool but kinda mid. (Research reporting)
The Logic of Connectors
Addition
- And Plus / Sequence
Contrast
- But Opposite / Exception
Choice
- Or Alternative / Warning
Conjunctions vs. Conjunctive Adverbs
The Comma Decision
Are you joining two full sentences?
Is it a list of 3+ items?
Rhetorical Uses of 'And'
Sequence
- • I went home and slept.
- • He ate and left.
Condition
- • Do it and see.
- • Try and you'll know.
Emphasis
- • Better and better
- • On and on
Ejemplos por nivel
I have a cat and a dog.
It is hot but sunny.
Do you want milk or juice?
She is tired and hungry.
I like to swim, and I like to run.
He studied for the test, but he failed.
You can stay here, or you can go home.
The hotel was cheap but very clean.
The project was difficult, and it took a long time to finish.
I don't like coffee, tea, or soda.
She is not only talented but also very humble.
We could go to the beach, or we could visit the museum.
The data was collected over six months, and the analysis was performed by experts.
The results were promising, but the sample size was too small.
Applicants must have a degree, three years of experience, and a valid license.
You must submit the report by Friday, or you will lose the contract.
The theory is elegant in its simplicity, but its practical application remains elusive.
He was anything but pleased with the final outcome of the negotiations.
The city was a labyrinth of narrow streets, and dark alleys, and hidden courtyards.
Whether we succeed or fail depends entirely on our collective resolve.
The argument was not merely flawed but fundamentally deceptive in its premise.
He sought neither fame nor fortune, but a simple life of quiet contemplation.
The storm raged with a ferocity that was at once terrifying and awe-inspiring.
One must adapt to the changing landscape, or risk becoming a relic of the past.
Fácil de confundir
Learners use 'however' as a direct replacement for 'but' without changing punctuation.
Learners use 'or' after 'neither'.
Learners think 'as well as' is a coordinating conjunction.
Errores comunes
I like apples, oranges.
I like apples and oranges.
I want tea but coffee.
I want tea or coffee.
He is tall, and.
He is tall and strong.
I like and apples.
I like apples and pears.
I went home, I slept.
I went home, and I slept.
It was cold but, it was sunny.
It was cold, but it was sunny.
Do you like red and blue?
Do you like red or blue?
He is rich but he is unhappy.
He is rich, but he is unhappy.
I like hiking and to swim.
I like hiking and swimming.
I don't like tea and coffee.
I don't like tea or coffee.
He is smart, however he is lazy.
He is smart, but he is lazy.
We can go by bus, or train.
We can go by bus or train.
The report was detailed, accurate, and it was timely.
The report was detailed, accurate, and timely.
He was anything or happy.
He was anything but happy.
I have no choice but leaving.
I have no choice but to leave.
The project failed, but, we learned a lot.
The project failed, but we learned a lot.
Patrones de oraciones
I like ___ and ___.
It was ___, but ___.
You can either ___ or ___.
Not only was the ___ ___, but it was also ___.
Real World Usage
On my way but traffic is bad.
I am hardworking and I have five years of experience.
I'll have the burger, but no onions please.
The hypothesis was tested, and the results were recorded.
Pizza or Tacos? Vote now!
We can visit the Eiffel Tower or the Louvre.
La Regla de la Lista
La Coma con 'But'
Empezar Oraciones
Smart Tips
Use the Oxford Comma to ensure each item is clearly separated and distinct.
Replace 'but' with 'yet' or 'however' (with proper punctuation).
Ensure all verbs are in the same tense and form.
Use 'or' to mean 'neither of these things'.
Pronunciación
Weak Form of 'And'
In natural speech, 'and' is often reduced to /ən/ or just /n/.
Glottal Stop with 'But'
In many British dialects, the 't' in 'but' is replaced by a glottal stop /bʌʔ/.
Linking 'Or'
When 'or' is followed by a vowel, the 'r' is often pronounced to link the words (e.g., 'tea or_apple').
Lists
Apples (rising), pears (rising), and bananas (falling).
Shows the list is finished.
Memorízalo
Mnemotecnia
Remember FANBOYS: For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So. (Focus on the 'Big Three': And, But, Or).
Asociación visual
Imagine 'And' as a bridge connecting two identical islands, 'But' as a wall with a small door leading to a different landscape, and 'Or' as a fork in the road with two signs.
Rhyme
And adds more to the score, But shows a different door, Or gives a choice to explore.
Story
I went to the market AND bought a fish. I wanted to cook it, BUT I had no fire. I thought, 'Should I buy wood OR just eat it raw?'
Word Web
Desafío
Write a 5-sentence story where every sentence must use either 'and', 'but', or 'or' to connect two independent clauses.
Notas culturales
The Oxford Comma is less common in UK journalism (like the BBC) but still used in academic writing (Oxford University Press).
The Oxford Comma is standard in most US style guides (APA, MLA, Chicago).
In legal documents, 'and/or' is frequently used to avoid ambiguity, though it is often criticized as clunky in general writing.
All three words have Old English roots: 'and' (and), 'but' (be-utan - meaning 'outside'), and 'or' (othther).
Inicios de conversación
Do you prefer working in an office or working from home?
Tell me about a time you tried something new but didn't like it.
In your opinion, is it better to be rich and unhappy or poor and happy?
Discuss the impact of technology on society: is it a blessing or a curse?
Temas para diario
Errores comunes
Test Yourself
I like football ___ I don't like tennis.
Choose the best sentence for a choice:
Find and fix the mistake:
I am tall and I am not fast.
Score: /3
Ejercicios de practica
8 exercisesI wanted to buy the dress, ___ it was too expensive.
You can have the blue shirt ___ the red one, but not both.
Find and fix the mistake:
The sun was shining, and the birds were singing.
He is very rich. He is very unhappy.
I like swimming, dancing, and to play tennis.
A: Should we take the train? B: We could, ___ it might be faster to drive.
Select the contrast word.
1. Addition, 2. Choice, 3. Contrast
Score: /8
Practice Bank
10 exercisesI have a brother ___ a sister.
Pick the most natural sentence:
Is your car blue and red?
coffee / but / I / like / I / tea / hate
Ich bin müde, aber ich bin glücklich.
Match function to conjunction:
He is rich ___ he is not happy.
Which one sounds like a modern text?
I can pay with cash but card.
tired / and / I / am / hungry
Score: /10
Preguntas frecuentes (8)
Yes, you can! It is common in modern writing for emphasis, though some very formal teachers might still discourage it.
It is the comma before the final 'and' or 'or' in a list of three or more items (e.g., 'A, B, and C').
Use a comma before 'but' when it connects two full sentences (independent clauses).
It means using the same grammatical form for all items in a list (e.g., 'I like running, jumping, and swimming').
In some cases, yes! 'Work hard and you'll pass' means 'If you work hard, you'll pass.'
It is common in legal and technical writing but should be avoided in creative or casual writing.
It's a mistake where you join two sentences with only a comma and no conjunction.
Usually, but it can also mean 'except', as in 'Everyone but me was there.'
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
y, pero, o
English conjunctions do not change based on the following sound.
et, mais, ou
French uses 'ou' (or) vs 'où' (where), which are homophones.
und, aber, oder
English uses 'but' for both 'aber' and 'sondern' contexts.
と (to), しかし (shikashi), か (ka)
English uses 'and' for almost all grammatical categories.
و (wa), لكن (lakin), أو (aw)
Arabic often starts sentences with 'wa', which is less common in formal English.
和 (hé), 但是 (dànshì), 或者 (huòzhě)
English 'and' is much more versatile than Chinese 'hé'.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
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Conjunctions – English Grammar Lessons
Ellii (formerly ESL Library)
What is a Conjunction? 3 Types of Conjunctions | Coordinate | Subordinate | Correlative (free PDF)
The Learning Depot
What are Conjunctions? ► Learn English Grammar with Joining Words
Maple Online Learning
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