A2 adjective तटस्थ #4,000 सबसे आम 2 मिनट पढ़ने का समय

つめたい

tsumetai /t͡sumetai/
इसका अभ्यास करें नोट्स और सुझाव

Overview

The Japanese word 'つめたい' (tsumetai) is an adjective primarily used to describe something that is cold to the touch. It's an い-adjective, meaning it directly conjugates by changing its ending, and doesn't require an auxiliary verb like 'です' (desu) for simple present affirmative statements (though 'です' can be added for politeness).

Usage and Nuance:

  1. 1Physical Coldness (to the touch): This is the most common and direct meaning. It's used for objects, food, drinks, and even parts of the body that feel cold when you touch them.
  • Examples:
  • 冷たい水 (tsumetai mizu): cold water
  • 冷たい手 (tsumetai te): cold hands
  • このビールは冷たいです。(Kono biiru wa tsumetai desu.) This beer is cold.
  • 冷蔵庫の中は冷たいです。(Reizouko no naka wa tsumetai desu.) Inside the refrigerator is cold.
  1. 1Emotional Coldness (Figurative): While 'つめたい' primarily refers to physical coldness, it can also be used metaphorically to describe a person's demeanor or attitude as being cold, unfeeling, or distant. In this context, it implies a lack of warmth, kindness, or empathy.
  • Examples:
  • 冷たい人 (tsumetai hito): a cold person (someone who is unkind or aloof)
  • 彼の態度は冷たかった。(Kare no taido wa tsumetakatta.) His attitude was cold.
  • 冷たい目 (tsumetai me): cold eyes (eyes that show no emotion or are stern)

Distinction from 'さむい' (samui):

It's crucial to distinguish 'つめたい' from 'さむい' (samui), which also means 'cold' but in a different context:

  • さむい (samui): Describes the general atmospheric coldness or the cold sensation one feels throughout their body, often referring to the weather or a room temperature. It's a sensation of feeling cold.
  • Examples:
  • 今日は寒い。(Kyou wa samui.) It's cold today (referring to the weather).
  • この部屋は寒い。(Kono heya wa samui.) This room is cold (referring to the ambient temperature).
  • 寒い日 (samui hi): a cold day
  • つめたい (tsumetai): Refers to the coldness of something to the touch. It's about the temperature of an object or surface that you physically interact with. While a cold room might make your hands feel 'つめたい', the room itself is 'さむい'.

Conjugation (for い-adjectives like つめたい):

  • Present Affirmative: つめたい (tsumetai) - cold
  • Present Negative: つめたくない (tsumetakunai) - not cold
  • Past Affirmative: つめたかった (tsumetakatta) - was cold
  • Past Negative: つめたくなかった (tsumetakunatta) - was not cold
  • Te-form (for connecting clauses/actions): つめたくて (tsumetakute) - being cold, and...
  • Adverbial form (to modify verbs): つめたく (tsumetaku) - coldly

Understanding the distinction between 'つめたい' and 'さむい' is key to using both adjectives correctly in Japanese. 'つめたい' is about tactile coldness, while 'さむい' is about environmental or bodily coldness.

उदाहरण

1

つめたい水

When describing the temperature of water or other liquids.

Cold water

2

つめたい風

When describing the temperature of the wind.

Cold wind

3

彼の態度はつめたい

Figurative use, describing a person's demeanor or attitude.

His attitude is cold.

4

つめたいビール

Commonly used for beverages that are served cold.

Cold beer

5

つめたい雨が降っている

Describing the temperature of rain.

It's raining cold rain.

सामान्य शब्द संयोजन

冷たい水
冷たい風
冷たい態度
冷たい目

अक्सर इससे भ्रम होता है

つめたい vs さむい

つめたい refers to a physical coldness that you can feel by touching something, like a cold drink or a cold surface. さむい describes the general coldness of the weather or atmosphere, like a cold day or a cold room. While both relate to coldness, they are used in different contexts. つめたい is about the sensation of touch, and さむい is about the ambient temperature.

つめたい vs ひやい

ひやい is an older or more dialectal term for 'cold' (often referring to food or drink) and is less commonly used in modern standard Japanese compared to つめたい. つめたい is the more standard and widely understood term for 'cold to the touch'.

व्याकरण पैटर्न

Noun が つめたい (The Noun is cold to the touch.) 〜て つめたい (It is cold when I ~.) つめたい Noun (A cold Noun (to the touch).)

इसे कैसे इस्तेमाल करें

The Japanese adjective 'つめたい' (tsumetai) is an 'i-adjective', meaning it directly modifies nouns and can be conjugated. It primarily describes something that is cold to the touch, such as 'つめたい水' (tsumetai mizu - cold water) or 'つめたい空気' (tsumetai kūki - cold air). Unlike 'さむい' (samui), which refers to the overall coldness of the weather or atmosphere, 'tsumetai' focuses on the tactile sensation. However, it can also be used metaphorically to describe a lack of warmth in a person's character or actions. For instance, '彼はつめたい人だ' (Kare wa tsumetai hito da - He is a cold person) means he is distant or unkind. When conjugating, the 'i' ending changes; for example, the past tense is 'つめたかった' (tsumetakatta - was cold), and the negative form is 'つめたくない' (tsumetakunai - not cold). It's important to differentiate its usage from 'samui' based on whether the coldness is tactile or atmospheric, and to consider its metaphorical extensions for describing personal demeanor.

सामान्य गलतियाँ

Using さむい (samui) instead of つめたい (tsumetai) for objects. さむい (samui) is used for atmospheric coldness or cold weather. For example, 'It's cold today' is '今日はさむい (Kyou wa samui)', but 'This water is cold' is 'この水はつめたい (Kono mizu wa tsumetai)'. Additionally, remember to differentiate it from ひえる (hieru), which is a verb meaning 'to become cold' or 'to cool down'.

सुझाव

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Usage of つめたい (tsumetai)

'つめたい' (tsumetai) specifically refers to a cold sensation felt through touch, or a cold temperature of an object. It's often used for things like cold water, cold air, or a cold surface. It emphasizes the physical sensation of coldness on the skin.

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Distinction from さむい (samui)

While both 'つめたい' and 'さむい' (samui) mean 'cold,' 'さむい' is used to describe the general atmospheric coldness or a cold feeling experienced by a living being. For example, you would say 'さむい日' (samui hi - a cold day) or 'わたしはさむい' (watashi wa samui - I am cold). You wouldn't typically use 'つめたい' in these contexts unless you're specifically referring to a cold sensation on your skin from the air. Think of 'つめたい' as 'cold to the touch' and 'さむい' as 'cold (weather/feeling).

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Common phrases and examples

Here are some common phrases using 'つめたい': - 'つめたい水' (tsumetai mizu): cold water - 'つめたい手' (tsumetai te): cold hands - 'つめたいビール' (tsumetai biiru): cold beer - 'つめたい風' (tsumetai kaze): cold wind (referring to the sensation of the wind on your skin) - 'この部屋はつめたい' (kono heya wa tsumetai): This room is cold (implying the air or surfaces in the room are cold to the touch). - 'つめたい態度' (tsumetai taido): a cold attitude (figurative use, meaning unfriendly or distant).

सांस्कृतिक संदर्भ

In Japanese culture, the concept of 'coldness' (つめたい - tsumetai) extends beyond mere temperature to encompass emotional states and even personal demeanor. While directly referring to a physical sensation, such as a cold drink or a chilly breeze, 'tsumetai' can also describe a person's personality as distant, unfeeling, or cold-hearted. This dual meaning highlights the interconnectedness of physical and emotional experiences in the Japanese language. For example, describing someone as 'tsumetai hito' (つめたい人) implies they are aloof or unfriendly, not just physically cold. This nuance is crucial for understanding social interactions, where emotional warmth and empathy are highly valued. The word can also be used in contexts like 'tsumetai me' (つめたい目) referring to a cold gaze, or 'tsumetai taido' (つめたい態度) for a cold attitude, both indicating a lack of warmth or hostility. Understanding this broader application helps in grasping the subtleties of communication in Japan.

याद रखने का तरीका

つめたい (tsumetai) describes something that is cold to the touch, like a cold drink or a chilly wind.

अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले सवाल

4 सवाल

The Japanese word for 'cold to the touch' is 'つめたい' (tsumetai). This adjective is used to describe something that feels cold when you touch it, such as a cold drink, a chilly breeze, or a cold surface. It specifically refers to the physical sensation of coldness upon contact, rather than a general cold temperature like the weather or a person's personality.

You can use 'つめたい' (tsumetai) in sentences like: 'つめたい水' (tsumetai mizu) meaning 'cold water', 'つめたい風' (tsumetai kaze) meaning 'cold wind', or '手がとてもつめたい' (te ga totemo tsumetai) meaning 'my hands are very cold'. It can also be used metaphorically in some contexts, but its primary meaning relates to tactile coldness.

'つめたい' (tsumetai) refers to something that is cold to the touch, focusing on the physical sensation upon contact. For example, a cold drink is 'つめたい'. In contrast, 'さむい' (samui) describes general coldness, usually referring to the weather or the ambient temperature. For example, a cold day is 'さむい'.

Yes, besides 'つめたい' (tsumetai) for cold to the touch and 'さむい' (samui) for general cold weather, another word is 'ひやい' (hiyai), which is a less common or more archaic term for cold, often used for food or drink that has cooled down. The choice between these words depends on the specific context and the type of coldness you want to convey.

खुद को परखो

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日本の冬はとても＿＿＿＿です。

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
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この水は＿＿＿＿くて飲めない。

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
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冷蔵庫に＿＿＿＿い飲み物があります。

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:

स्कोर: /3

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