干した 30 सेकंड में
- Used to describe things dried by hanging or airing out, like laundry or food.
- Functions as an adjective but is grammatically the past tense of the verb 'hosu'.
- Different from 'kawaita' (naturally dry) and 'kansō-shita' (mechanically or technically dry).
- Commonly found in culinary, household, and even metaphorical social contexts (sidelining).
The word 干した (hoshita) is the past-tense form of the verb hosu (干す), meaning 'to dry' or 'to air out.' However, in Japanese, the past-tense form of a verb often functions as an attributive adjective, describing the completed state of an object. When you encounter hoshita, it typically refers to something that has been intentionally preserved or treated through the process of evaporation, usually by exposure to the sun, wind, or heat. This is a fundamental concept in Japanese culture, particularly in the realms of food preservation and household chores. Unlike the word kawaita (乾いた), which simply describes something that is 'dry' (like a dry towel or dry ground), 干した implies a deliberate action of drying something out for a specific purpose.
- Culinary Context
- In the kitchen, this word is ubiquitous. It describes ingredients like hoshita-shiitake (dried shiitake mushrooms) or hoshita-sakana (dried fish). The process of drying concentrates flavors and extends shelf life, making it a cornerstone of traditional Japanese cuisine.
おばあちゃんが庭で干した柿は、とても甘くて美味しいです。
(The persimmons that my grandmother dried in the garden are very sweet and delicious.)
- Laundry and Textiles
- In a domestic setting, hoshita refers to laundry that has been hung up. When you say hoshita sentakumono, you are talking about the clothes that are currently hanging on the line or have just been brought in after being aired out.
Beyond the physical, there is a metaphorical usage in social contexts. In slang or colloquial Japanese, someone who is 'hoshita' (or more commonly, the passive form hosareta) refers to someone who has been 'sidelined' or 'frozen out' of a social group or a job. It evokes the image of someone being left out in the sun to dry up and be forgotten. This nuance is essential for B1 learners to understand as they move into more natural, idiomatic Japanese conversations. In the context of CEFR B1, you should be comfortable using this word to describe food you like or the status of your chores at home.
昨日干した布団はふかふかしていて気持ちがいい。
(The futon I aired out yesterday is fluffy and feels great.)
- Agricultural Roots
- The kanji 干 (kan) originally depicted a tool used for pounding or a shield, but it evolved to represent the act of drying, perhaps by association with tools used to spread out grain. Understanding this helps link the word to the traditional agrarian lifestyle of Japan, where drying rice stalks (haza-kake) was a vital seasonal activity.
Using 干した (hoshita) correctly requires understanding its role as a noun modifier. Because it is the past tense of a verb, it functions similarly to an English past participle like 'dried' or 'aired.' It almost always precedes the noun it describes. When constructing sentences, think about the transition of the object from a wet or fresh state to a dry, preserved state. This transformation is what hoshita captures perfectly.
スーパーで干したマンゴーを買いました。
(I bought dried mangoes at the supermarket.)
- Grammar Structure 1: Adjective-like Use
- [Noun A] + を + [干した] + [Noun B]. This is the most common pattern. For example: 'I ate the dried meat' -> Hoshita niku o tabemashita.
When talking about the weather's effect on items, you might use the causative or the passive, but hoshita remains the standard way to describe the resultant state. It is important to note that hoshita implies that the moisture was removed by 'hanging' or 'airing' out. If you are describing something that was dried in a machine, you might use kansō-saseta (乾燥させた), but hoshita is often used colloquially even then if the result is the same.
太陽の光で干したタオルは、独特のいい匂いがします。
(Towels dried in the sunlight have a unique, nice smell.)
- Grammar Structure 2: Relative Clauses
- [Person] + が + [干した] + [Noun]. This identifies who did the drying. For example: 'The clothes my mother dried' -> Haha ga hoshita fuku.
In more advanced contexts, hoshita can be used to describe philosophical or artistic states. A writer might describe a 'dried-out' landscape using this word to imply that the life has been evaporated out of it by some external force. However, for B1 learners, focus on the tangible: food, laundry, and preserved items. It is a very 'practical' word that appears in recipes, weather reports (advice on when to hang laundry), and daily household conversations. Remember that the kanji '干' is also found in 'hoshimono' (dried goods) and 'himono' (dried fish), so learning hoshita helps you decode many other related terms in a Japanese supermarket.
You will encounter 干した (hoshita) in a variety of real-life Japanese settings, ranging from the mundane to the traditional. One of the most common places is the Japanese supermarket (sūpā). In the produce or seafood sections, you will see labels for hoshita-ebi (dried shrimp), hoshita-imo (dried sweet potatoes), and hoshita-sakana. These items are staples of the Japanese diet, used in stocks (dashi), snacks, and side dishes. If you are watching a Japanese cooking show, the host will frequently use hoshita to describe preparation steps or specific ingredients that provide a concentrated 'umami' flavor.
「この干したイカ、お酒に合うね！」
("This dried squid goes great with sake!")
- At Home
- In a Japanese household, the morning routine often involves checking the weather to see if it's a good day to hang laundry. You'll hear family members asking, 'Did you hang the laundry?' (Sentakumono hoshita?). When the laundry is brought back in, it is referred to as hoshita sentakumono.
Another significant location is the Japanese countryside (inaka). During the autumn, it is a common sight to see orange persimmons hanging from the eaves of traditional houses. These are hoshigaki, and the process is described using hoshita. This word carries a sense of seasonal transition and the wisdom of traditional preservation. In weather forecasts, meteorologists might mention that it's a 'perfect day for drying' (sentaku-biyori), implying that anything hoshita today will dry quickly and thoroughly.
ベランダに干した靴が、急な雨で濡れてしまった。
(The shoes I dried on the balcony got wet from a sudden rain.)
- In Literature and Media
- You might hear this in dramas when a character feels ignored at work. 'I've been dried out' (Hosareta) is a common way to express that one is being given no work or is being excluded from important meetings, similar to being 'put out to pasture' or 'left in the cold' in English.
The most frequent mistake for English speakers is confusing 干した (hoshita) with kawaita (乾いた). While both can translate to 'dried' or 'dry' in English, their usage in Japanese is strictly governed by context. Kawaita describes a state of being non-wet. For example, if you touch a table and it isn't wet, it is kawaita. However, if you have intentionally placed a piece of fruit in the sun to remove its moisture, it is hoshita. Using kawaita for dried fruit sounds strange because it lacks the nuance of intentional preparation.
❌ 乾いた魚 (Kawaita sakana) - Sounds like a fish that just happens to be dry.
✅ 干した魚 (Hoshita sakana) - Correct for 'dried fish' as a food item.
- Mistake 1: Confusing Process with Result
- Learners often use hoshita when they just mean 'dry.' If your throat is dry, you say nodo ga kawaita. Saying nodo o hoshita would imply you hung your throat out on a laundry line to dry it!
Another mistake involves the difference between hoshita and kansō-shita (乾燥した). Kansō-shita is a more technical or formal term. You will see it on medicine bottles (dried herbs) or in scientific contexts. Using hoshita in a scientific paper might sound too casual or 'homely.' Conversely, using kansō-shita for your laundry sounds overly robotic and unnatural in daily conversation.
❌ 乾燥した洗濯物 (Kansō-shita sentakumono) - Too formal.
✅ 干した洗濯物 (Hoshita sentakumono) - Perfect for daily life.
- Mistake 2: Tense Confusion
- Sometimes learners use the present tense hosu when they mean the adjective 'dried.' Remember that hosu is an action (to dry), while hoshita is the state (dried). If you want to buy 'dried fruit,' you must use the past-tense form hoshita-furūtsu.
Lastly, be careful with the passive form hosareta. While hoshita is usually positive or neutral (describing food or clean clothes), hosareta often carries the negative social connotation of being ignored. Using them interchangeably can lead to significant misunderstandings in a social or professional setting. Always consider whether you are describing a physical object you've prepared or a social situation you're enduring.
Understanding the synonyms and alternatives for 干した (hoshita) will help you refine your Japanese and sound more natural in different contexts. While hoshita is the most versatile term for 'dried' in a domestic or culinary sense, several other words occupy adjacent semantic spaces.
- 乾いた (Kawaita)
- This is the most common alternative. Use it for natural dryness where no human intervention occurred.
Example: Kawaita michi (A dry road), Kawaita kaze (A dry breeze).
- 乾燥した (Kansō-shita)
- This is a Sino-Japanese (Kango) word. It is formal, technical, and often used in medical, scientific, or commercial contexts.
Example: Kansō-hada (Dry skin), Kansō-zai (Desiccant/Drying agent).
冬は空気が乾燥しているので、風邪を引きやすい。
(The air is dry in winter, so it's easy to catch a cold.)
- 枯れた (Kareta)
- Specifically used for biological 'withering' or 'drying up' of plants or even voices.
Example: Kareta hana (A withered flower), Kareta koe (A hoarse/raspy voice).
When choosing between these, ask yourself: Was this dried by a person for a purpose (hoshita)? Is it just not wet (kawaita)? Is it a technical state (kansō-shita)? Or is it a dead plant (kareta)? For a B1 learner, mastering the distinction between hoshita and kawaita is the most critical step toward natural-sounding Japanese. Additionally, you might encounter mizu-ke o kitta (water-removed), which is used in cooking to describe draining vegetables, though it doesn't mean 'dried' in the sense of evaporation.
Finally, consider himono (干物). While not an adjective, it is a noun that encapsulates the 'dried' concept for seafood. Instead of saying hoshita sakana, Japanese people will almost always just say himono. Using the specific noun instead of the adjective-noun combo is a sign of higher proficiency. Similarly, hoshigaki (dried persimmon) is preferred over hoshita kaki. Pay attention to these compound words as you expand your vocabulary.
How Formal Is It?
रोचक तथ्य
The kanji 干 (kan) is one of the simplest in Japanese, consisting of just three strokes. It is often taught early to children and represents a drying rack or a tool for pounding, which later came to symbolize the result of such labor: dryness.
उच्चारण मार्गदर्शिका
- Pronouncing 'shi' as 'see' (keep it 'she').
- Elongating the 'o' in 'ho' too much (keep it short).
- Stressing the 'ta' too hard (Japanese syllables generally have equal length).
- Confusing the pitch with 'hoshita' (wanted/star - though 'hoshita' for star is not a word, 'hoshi' is).
- Mumbling the 'h' sound.
कठिनाई स्तर
The kanji is simple, but recognizing it as a noun modifier is key.
The kanji 干 is very easy to write (only 3 strokes).
Requires distinguishing between 'hoshita' and 'kawaita' in real-time.
Clear pronunciation makes it easy to catch in daily conversation.
आगे क्या सीखें
पूर्वापेक्षाएँ
आगे सीखें
उन्नत
ज़रूरी व्याकरण
Past Tense as Adjective
干した (Hoshita) + 魚 (Sakana) = Dried fish.
Relative Clauses
私が (Watashi ga) + 干した (hoshita) + 服 (fuku) = The clothes I dried.
Passive Voice (Metaphorical)
彼は (Kare wa) + 干された (hosareta) = He was sidelined.
Te-form Sequence
干して (Hoshite) + から (kara) + 食べる (taberu) = Eat after drying.
Bakari (Just finished)
干した (Hoshita) + ばかり (bakari) = Just hung up to dry.
स्तर के अनुसार उदाहरण
干した洗濯物を取り込みます。
I will bring in the dried laundry.
干した (past tense verb acting as adjective) + 洗濯物 (noun).
昨日、靴を干した。
I dried my shoes yesterday.
Simple past tense of the verb 干す.
干した魚は美味しいです。
Dried fish is delicious.
Noun modification pattern.
これは干したブドウですか？
Are these dried grapes (raisins)?
Question form with 'desu ka'.
母が干したタオルを使います。
I use the towel my mother dried.
Relative clause: [Subject] ga [Verb] [Noun].
干した草の上に座りました。
I sat on the dried grass (hay).
Prepositional use with 'no ue ni'.
太陽で干した服は気持ちいい。
Clothes dried in the sun feel good.
Compound description.
干したイカを食べたいです。
I want to eat dried squid.
Desire form 'tai desu'.
スーパーで干したマンゴーを買いました。
I bought dried mangoes at the supermarket.
Standard 'object o verb' structure.
この干したシイタケはいい香りがします。
These dried shiitake mushrooms have a good aroma.
Demonstrative 'kono' + noun.
雨が降る前に、干した布団を入れました。
I brought in the aired futon before it rained.
Time clause 'mae ni'.
干した野菜を使ってスープを作ります。
I will make soup using dried vegetables.
Te-form 'tsukatte' for means/method.
外に干したシャツがまだ濡れています。
The shirt I hung outside is still wet.
Contrast between 'hoshita' (action) and 'nurete iru' (state).
干した梅干しは酸っぱいけれど体にいいです。
Dried pickled plums are sour but good for you.
Conjunction 'keredo' (but).
庭で干した柿を食べたことがありますか？
Have you ever eaten persimmons dried in the garden?
Experience form 'ta koto ga arimasu'.
この干した肉は少し硬いです。
This dried meat is a bit tough.
Adverb 'sukoshi' modifying the adjective 'katai'.
干したシイタケを水で戻してから料理に使います。
I'll rehydrate the dried shiitake in water before using them for cooking.
Te-form sequence: 'modoshite kara'.
日本では昔から魚を干した保存食が作られてきました。
In Japan, preserved foods made of dried fish have been produced since ancient times.
Passive voice 'tsukurarete kita'.
太陽の光で干したタオルは、乾燥機で乾かしたものよりふかふかだ。
Towels dried in the sun are fluffier than those dried in a dryer.
Comparison structure 'A wa B yori [adjective]'.
ベランダに干した靴が急な雷雨でびしょ濡れになった。
The shoes I hung on the balcony got soaking wet in a sudden thunderstorm.
Resultative 'ni natta'.
干したイチジクはワインによく合います。
Dried figs go very well with wine.
Phrase 'ni yoku aimasu' (matches well).
昨日干したばかりの洗濯物が、もう乾いています。
The laundry I just hung up yesterday is already dry.
'Bakari' indicating recent action.
干した大根（たくあん）は、日本の伝統的な漬物です。
Dried radish (takuan) is a traditional Japanese pickle.
Apposition in parentheses.
キャンプで食べるために、家で肉を干した。
I dried meat at home to eat during the camping trip.
Purpose clause 'tame ni'.
彼は会社で干されたような状態になり、退職を決意した。
He felt as if he had been sidelined at the company and decided to resign.
Metaphorical use of the passive 'hosareta'.
この干した昆布から出る出汁が、料理の味を決めます。
The stock produced from this dried kelp determines the flavor of the dish.
Relative clause modifying 'dashi'.
自然の風で干した稲穂が、黄金色に輝いている。
The rice stalks dried by the natural wind are shining in a golden color.
Descriptive 'kagayaki'.
干した果物は糖分が凝縮されているので、食べ過ぎに注意が必要だ。
Since sugar is concentrated in dried fruit, one needs to be careful not to overeat.
Causal 'node' and 'chūi ga hitsuyō'.
屋根裏に干した薬草が、独特の苦い匂いを放っている。
The medicinal herbs dried in the attic are emitting a uniquely bitter scent.
Verb 'hanatsu' (to emit).
一度干した海苔を軽く炙ると、さらに香りが引き立ちます。
Lightly toasting once-dried seaweed makes the aroma stand out even more.
Conditional 'to' for natural results.
彼女は干した花を使って、美しいドライフラワーのリースを作った。
She made a beautiful dried flower wreath using dried blossoms.
Noun modification 'hoshita hana'.
長期間干した木材は、反りにくく丈夫になります。
Wood that has been dried for a long time becomes strong and resistant to warping.
Compound verb 'sori-nikui' (hard to warp).
天日干しした塩は、機械で作られたものとはミネラル分が明らかに違う。
Salt dried in the sun has a clearly different mineral content compared to machine-made salt.
Compound 'tenpi-boshi shita'.
干したスルメを噛み締めながら、彼は遠い故郷の海を思い出した。
While chewing on dried squid, he remembered the sea of his distant hometown.
Simultaneous action 'nagara'.
伝統的な和紙作りにおいて、板に貼って干した紙を剥がす作業は非常に繊細だ。
In traditional Japanese papermaking, the task of peeling off the paper dried on boards is extremely delicate.
Complex noun phrase as subject.
干した後の茶葉の含水率を均一に保つことが、品質管理の鍵となる。
Maintaining a uniform moisture content in tea leaves after drying is the key to quality control.
Noun 'hoshita ato' (after drying).
その作家の文体は、まるで干した果実のように、余計な水分が削ぎ落とされている。
That author's style is like a dried fruit, with all unnecessary moisture stripped away.
Simile using 'marude... no yō ni'.
干した草の匂いが漂う牧場で、彼は静かな午後を過ごした。
He spent a quiet afternoon at the ranch, where the scent of dried grass wafted through the air.
Relative clause modifying 'bokujō'.
厳しい冬に備え、村人たちは干した肉や魚を蔵に蓄えた。
Preparing for the harsh winter, the villagers stored dried meat and fish in the storehouse.
Preparation 'sonae'.
干した大根を編み込んで吊るす光景は、この地方の冬の風物詩だ。
The sight of braided and hanging dried radishes is a quintessential winter scene in this region.
Noun phrase 'fūbutsushi' (seasonal tradition).
干した皮のようにカサカサになった古文書を、慎重に修復していく。
They are carefully restoring the ancient documents, which have become as dry and brittle as dried skin.
Complex simile and resultative state.
都会の喧騒に干された彼の感性は、故郷の自然の中で再び潤いを取り戻した。
His sensibilities, dried out by the hustle and bustle of the city, regained their moisture in the nature of his hometown.
Abstract metaphorical use of 'hosareta'.
干した漆を研ぎ出すことで生まれる独特の艶は、職人の長年の経験の賜物である。
The unique luster created by polishing dried lacquer is the fruit of a craftsman's many years of experience.
Formal 'tamamono' (gift/fruit of labor).
その土地の風土が、干した魚の熟成具合に絶妙な影響を与えるのだという。
It is said that the local climate exerts a subtle influence on the degree of maturation of the dried fish.
Explanatory 'no da to iu'.
干した後の収縮率を計算に入れずに設計すると、完成後に不具合が生じる。
If you design without taking the post-drying shrinkage rate into account, defects will occur after completion.
Conditional 'to' with negative 'zu ni' (without doing).
干した薬草の調合比率一つで、薬の効能は劇的に変化する。
The efficacy of the medicine changes dramatically with just one adjustment to the mixing ratio of the dried herbs.
Emphasis 'hitotsu de'.
歳月を経て干された情熱は、もはや若い頃のような激しさを持っていなかった。
His passion, dried out by the passing years, no longer possessed the intensity of his youth.
Metaphorical 'hoshita' for abstract nouns.
干した藁を敷き詰めた厩舎には、どこか懐かしい温もりが漂っていた。
In the stable lined with dried straw, there was a waft of somewhat nostalgic warmth.
Compound verb 'shiki-tsumeta' (spread all over).
सामान्य शब्द संयोजन
सामान्य वाक्यांश
— Did you hang the laundry? (A common daily question in Japanese households.)
「ねえ、洗濯物干した？」「うん、さっきやったよ。」
— It was worth drying it. (Used when the result of drying something is particularly good.)
布団がふかふかで、干した甲斐があった。
— Well-dried. (Used to describe something that has no moisture left.)
この魚はよく干してあるね。
— To leave something hanging/drying. (Often used when you forget to bring things in.)
洗濯物を干したまま出かけてしまった。
— Dried in the shade. (Used for items that shouldn't be in direct sunlight.)
デリケートな服は影で干したほうがいい。
— Dried all day long. (Emphasizes the duration of the drying process.)
靴を一日中干したけど、まだ乾かない。
— The scent after drying. (Usually refers to the pleasant smell of sun-dried items.)
干した後のタオルの香りが好きだ。
— Dried to a crisp/stiff state. (Often used for shirts or seaweed.)
シャツをパリッと干したい。
— Dried all the way to the center. (Used for thick items like futons or large fish.)
この肉は中までしっかり干した。
— Hung up/dried in a hurry.
時間がなかったので、急いで干した。
अक्सर इससे भ्रम होता है
Kawaita is 'dry' (state); Hoshita is 'dried' (process).
Kareta is for withered plants; Hoshita is for items prepared by drying.
Oshita means 'pushed'; sounds similar but completely different meaning.
मुहावरे और अभिव्यक्तियाँ
— To be sidelined or ignored; to be given no work. (Passive form of 'hosu'.)
彼は上司に逆らって、現場を干された。
Colloquial/Business— To be so sad or exhausted that one can no longer cry. (Literally: Even tears dry up.)
あまりの悲しみに、涙も干上がってしまった。
Literary— To be completely out of money. (Literally: The wallet dries up.)
給料日前で、財布が干上がっている。
Informal— To run out of resources or ideas. (Literally: The well dries up.)
ネタが干上がって、ブログが書けない。
Informal/Metaphorical— To make something into a dried item; sometimes used metaphorically for exposing something.
釣った魚を干し物にする。
Neutral— A long-awaited blessing. (Literally: Merciful rain during a drought/dry spell.)
この融資は、我々にとって干天の慈雨だ。
Formal/Idiomatic— A very wrinkled face, like a dried plum.
おじいちゃんが梅干しのような顔で笑った。
Descriptive/Informal— To go to war. (Uses 'kan' but in the sense of a shield/weapon.)
隣国と干戈を交える事態となった。
Literary/Archaic— To interfere. (Contains 'kan' but is a separate Kango verb.)
他人の私生活に干渉してはいけない。
Neutral— A few; a little bit. (Uses 'kan' as a phonetic/semantic component.)
計画に若干の修正が必要だ。
Formalआसानी से भ्रमित होने वाले
Both mean dry.
Kansō is technical/scientific; Hoshita is for air/sun drying.
乾燥肌 (Dry skin) vs 干した魚 (Dried fish).
Both are verbs for drying.
Kawakasu is the general action; Hosu specifically implies airing/hanging.
ドライヤーで乾かす (Dry with a dryer) vs ベランダで干す (Dry on the balcony).
Rhymes with Hoshita.
Mushita means 'steamed'.
蒸したパン (Steamed bread) vs 干したパン (Dried bread).
Same kanji and meaning.
Himono is a noun (dried fish); Hoshita is an adjective/verb.
干物を食べる (Eat dried fish) vs 魚を干した (Dried the fish).
Both involve exposure.
Sarashita means 'exposed' to light or public view, but not necessarily for drying.
日光に晒した (Exposed to sunlight).
वाक्य संरचनाएँ
[Noun] を 干した。
服を干した。
[Noun A] で 干した [Noun B]。
太陽で干したマンゴー。
[Noun] を 干した ほうがいい。
布団を干したほうがいい。
[Person] が [Noun] を 干した おかげで...
母が靴を干したおかげで、今日は履ける。
[Noun] を 干した ことによって、[Result]。
魚を干したことによって、旨味が凝縮された。
[Abstract Noun] さえも 干した...
情熱さえも干した彼の目は、冷たかった。
干した [Noun] は [Adjective] です。
干したイカは硬いです。
昨日 干した [Noun] を [Verb]。
昨日干したタオルを使う。
शब्द परिवार
संज्ञा
क्रिया
विशेषण
संबंधित
इसे कैसे इस्तेमाल करें
Extremely common in daily life (laundry) and food-related contexts.
-
Using 'hoshita' for dry weather.
→
乾燥した天気 (Kansō-shita tenki).
Weather is a natural/technical state, so 'kansō' is required.
-
Using 'hoshita' for a dry towel you just found.
→
乾いたタオル (Kawaita taoru).
If you didn't dry it yourself, just use 'kawaita' (dry).
-
Saying 'hoshi sakana'.
→
干した魚 (Hoshita sakana) or 干物 (Himono).
You need the 'ta' to make the verb an adjective, or use the specific noun.
-
Using 'hoshita' for dry skin.
→
乾燥肌 (Kansō-hada).
Skin dryness is a medical/physical condition, requiring 'kansō'.
-
Confusing 'hoshita' with 'oshita'.
→
干した (Hoshita) = Dried; 押した (Oshita) = Pushed.
The 'h' sound is crucial. Don't drop it!
सुझाव
Past Tense as Adjective
Remember that in Japanese, the past tense of a verb can often be used directly before a noun to describe it. 'Hoshita' is a perfect example of this.
Food Compounds
Look for words starting with 'hoshi-' in the supermarket. Hoshi-imo, hoshi-budō, and hoshi-shiitake are all delicious and use this root.
Sun vs. Machine
Japanese culture values 'tenpi-boshi' (sun-dried) items highly. Mentioning that something was dried in the sun adds a nuance of quality.
The Social 'Dry'
If you hear someone say they were 'hosareta,' don't congratulate them! They are saying they were ignored or sidelined.
Three Strokes
The kanji 干 is very easy. One horizontal, one horizontal, and one vertical. It looks like a simple drying rack!
Laundry Check
Use 'hoshita' for clothes on a line, but 'kawaita' for clothes that are ready to wear.
Seasonal Scenes
In autumn, look for 'hoshigaki' (dried persimmons) hanging from eaves. It's a classic Japanese sight.
H-H-H
Hoshita = Hanging = Heat = Home. This word is central to traditional home life.
Hoshita vs Kansō
Use 'hoshita' for things you can do at home; use 'kansō' for things machines or nature do on a large scale.
The 'Shi' Sound
Make sure the 'shi' in 'hoshita' is clear. It's the most important syllable for distinguishing it from other words.
याद करें
स्मृति सहायक
Think of a 'HOSE' (hosu) that you use to wash things, but then you have to 'HO-SHE-TA' (hoshita) them in the sun to dry them off!
दृश्य संबंध
Imagine a bright orange 'HOSHI' (star/sun) drying out a fish on a line. The sun (star) is the reason it is 'hoshita'.
Word Web
चैलेंज
Try to find three items in your kitchen that are 'hoshita' (like pasta, raisins, or tea) and say 'Kore wa hoshita [noun] desu' out loud.
शब्द की उत्पत्ति
The word 'hoshita' is the past tense of 'hosu', which is a native Japanese (Yamato Kotoba) verb. It has been used since the Old Japanese period to describe the act of removing moisture.
मूल अर्थ: To expose to the sun or wind to remove water.
Japonicसांस्कृतिक संदर्भ
Be careful using 'hosareta' (the passive form) about people, as it implies they are being bullied or excluded at work.
In English, we use different words like 'dried,' 'aired,' or 'sidelined.' Japanese uses 'hoshita' or its variations for all of these, showing a different way of grouping concepts.
असल ज़िंदगी में अभ्यास करें
वास्तविक संदर्भ
At the Supermarket
- 干した果物はどこですか？
- この干した魚はいくらですか？
- 干した椎茸を探しています。
- 干した肉（ジャーキー）はありますか？
Doing Laundry
- 洗濯物、干した？
- 干したタオルを取り込んで。
- 外に干したほうがいいよ。
- まだ干したばかりだから乾いてない。
Cooking with Recipes
- 干した海苔を炙ります。
- 干した野菜をスープに入れます。
- 干したエビで出汁を取る。
- 干したイカを細かく切る。
Talking about Weather
- 今日は干すのにいい天気だね。
- 干した布団が雨で濡れた。
- 空気が乾燥して、よく干せる。
- 陰で干したほうがいい服だ。
Professional/Social (Slang)
- 彼は最近、干されている。
- 干されたくないなら頑張れ。
- あのタレント、テレビから干されたね。
- 仕事を干されて暇だ。
बातचीत की शुरुआत
"日本で一番好きな干した食べ物は何ですか？ (What is your favorite dried food in Japan?)"
"あなたの国では、どんなものを太陽で干しますか？ (In your country, what kind of things do you dry in the sun?)"
"干した布団の匂いについてどう思いますか？ (What do you think about the smell of an aired-out futon?)"
"最近、何か洗濯物を干しましたか？ (Did you hang any laundry recently?)"
"干したフルーツと生のフルーツ、どちらが好きですか？ (Which do you like better, dried fruit or fresh fruit?)"
डायरी विषय
今日、私が干したものは... (Today, the things I dried were... Describe your laundry or cooking process.)
干した椎茸を使った料理の思い出。 (Memories of a dish using dried shiitake mushrooms.)
もし一週間、仕事を干されたら何をしますか？ (If you were sidelined/given no work for a week, what would you do?)
日本の「干した」文化について感じること。 (What I feel about Japan's 'dried' culture.)
太陽で干したタオルの感触について。 (About the feel of a towel dried in the sun.)
अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले सवाल
10 सवालNo, for dry skin, you should use 'kansō-hada' (乾燥肌). 'Hoshita' would imply you hung your skin out to dry!
'Hoshita' refers to the action of drying something (like laundry or fish), while 'kawaita' refers to the state of being dry. Use 'hoshita' for things you actively dried.
Grammatically, it is the past tense of the verb 'hosu' (to dry). However, it is frequently used as an attributive adjective to mean 'dried' (e.g., hoshita sakana).
You can say 'hoshita furūtsu' (干したフルーツ) or 'dry fruit' (ドライフルーツ).
It means being sidelined, ignored, or given no meaningful work, effectively being 'pushed out' of the group.
Usually, 'hoshita' implies hanging or airing. For a dryer, you might say 'kansōki de kawakashita', though 'hoshita' is sometimes used loosely.
It means drying laundry indoors (部屋 - room, 干し - drying), which is common during the rainy season.
No, for hair, use 'kawakashita' (dried). 'Kami o kawakashita' is correct.
The most common opposite is 'nureta' (wet) or 'shimetta' (damp).
Because drying ingredients like shiitake or shrimp concentrates their flavor and adds umami to the dish.
खुद को परखो 200 सवाल
Write a sentence using '干した' to describe dried fruit.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Write a sentence about hanging laundry.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Translate: 'I ate dried fish for breakfast.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Explain the difference between 'hoshita' and 'kawaita' in Japanese.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Write a sentence using 'hosareta' metaphorically.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Translate: 'Sun-dried tomatoes are delicious.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Write a sentence about an aired-out futon.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Translate: 'Dried shiitake are used for stock.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Write a sentence about drying shoes.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Translate: 'I like the smell of dried laundry.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Describe 'hoshigaki' in one sentence.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Translate: 'The air is dry.' (Be careful!)
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Write a sentence using 'yoku hoshita'.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Translate: 'Dried seaweed is crispy.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Write a sentence about a 'dried' well.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Translate: 'I dried the meat to make jerky.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Write a sentence about 'heya-boshi'.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Translate: 'The dried flowers are beautiful.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Write a sentence about 'tenpi-boshi' salt.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Translate: 'Bring in the laundry.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Do you prefer fresh fruit or dried fruit? Why?
Read this aloud:
तुमने कहा:
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How do you dry your laundry at home?
Read this aloud:
तुमने कहा:
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Have you ever tried 'himono' (dried fish)?
Read this aloud:
तुमने कहा:
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What are the benefits of sun-drying things?
Read this aloud:
तुमने कहा:
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Explain how to make dried shiitake stock.
Read this aloud:
तुमने कहा:
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What do you do when your shoes get wet in the rain?
Read this aloud:
तुमने कहा:
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Is 'hoshigaki' popular in your country?
Read this aloud:
तुमने कहा:
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What is 'sentaku-biyori'?
Read this aloud:
तुमने कहा:
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Why do people air out their futons in Japan?
Read this aloud:
तुमने कहा:
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What's your favorite snack that is 'hoshita'?
Read this aloud:
तुमने कहा:
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How do you feel when you are ignored (hosareta) by friends?
Read this aloud:
तुमने कहा:
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Can you describe the smell of sun-dried towels?
Read this aloud:
तुमने कहा:
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What kind of 'hoshita' food is good for camping?
Read this aloud:
तुमने कहा:
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Do you use a dryer or a line to dry clothes?
Read this aloud:
तुमने कहा:
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What happens if you leave laundry 'hoshita mama' in the rain?
Read this aloud:
तुमने कहा:
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Have you seen dried fish hanging in a market?
Read this aloud:
तुमने कहा:
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What is the difference between 'hoshita' and 'mushita'?
Read this aloud:
तुमने कहा:
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Why is dried kelp (kombu) important in Japanese cooking?
Read this aloud:
तुमने कहा:
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Do you like raisins (hoshita-budō)?
Read this aloud:
तुमने कहा:
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How long does it take to 'hoshita' a futon?
Read this aloud:
तुमने कहा:
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Listen and identify: 'Sentakumono hoshita?'
Listen and identify: 'Hoshita sakana o tabeyō.'
Listen and identify: 'Kono hoshigaki, amai ne.'
Listen and identify: 'Ame da! Hoshita fuku o irete!'
Listen and identify: 'Hoshita shiitake de dashi o toru.'
Listen and identify: 'Kare wa shokuba de hosareta.'
Listen and identify: 'Tenpi-boshi no shio desu.'
Listen and identify: 'Hoshita budō ga haitte iru.'
Listen and identify: 'Yoku hoshita niku wa katai.'
Listen and identify: 'Heya-boshi no nioi ga nigate.'
Listen and identify: 'Kage-boshi ni shite kudasai.'
Listen and identify: 'Hoshita ato de aburimasu.'
Listen and identify: 'Futon o hoshita kai ga atta.'
Listen and identify: 'Hoshita yasai o tsukau.'
Listen and identify: 'Kawaita michi o aruku.' (Is this 'hoshita'?)
/ 200 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
The word 'hoshita' is your go-to term for anything that has been intentionally dried out for preservation or cleaning. Whether you are talking about 'hoshita-furūtsu' (dried fruit) or 'hoshita-sentakumono' (dried laundry), it implies a process of care and preparation that 'kawaita' lacks.
- Used to describe things dried by hanging or airing out, like laundry or food.
- Functions as an adjective but is grammatically the past tense of the verb 'hosu'.
- Different from 'kawaita' (naturally dry) and 'kansō-shita' (mechanically or technically dry).
- Commonly found in culinary, household, and even metaphorical social contexts (sidelining).
Past Tense as Adjective
Remember that in Japanese, the past tense of a verb can often be used directly before a noun to describe it. 'Hoshita' is a perfect example of this.
Food Compounds
Look for words starting with 'hoshi-' in the supermarket. Hoshi-imo, hoshi-budō, and hoshi-shiitake are all delicious and use this root.
Sun vs. Machine
Japanese culture values 'tenpi-boshi' (sun-dried) items highly. Mentioning that something was dried in the sun adds a nuance of quality.
The Social 'Dry'
If you hear someone say they were 'hosareta,' don't congratulate them! They are saying they were ignored or sidelined.
संबंधित सामग्री
यह शब्द अन्य भाषाओं में
food के और शब्द
少々
B1कृपया थोड़ी देर प्रतीक्षा करें। मिश्रण में थोड़ा सा नमक डालें।
〜ほど
B1लगभग दस मिनट इंतज़ार किया। (Waited about ten minutes.)
~ほど
B1लगभग, के करीब; इस हद तक कि; के जितना नहीं। उदाहरण: मुझे लगभग एक घंटा लगा। (一時間ほどかかりました). मैं इतना थक गया हूँ कि मर सकता हूँ। (死ぬほど疲れた).
豊富な
B1Abundant, rich in.
ふんだんに
B1इस केक में फलों का <mark>ふんだんに</mark> (भरपूर) उपयोग किया गया है।
足す
B1किसी मात्रा को पूरा करने के लिए कुछ जोड़ना। जैसे, सूप में नमक डालना।
添加物
B1योजक (Additive). खाद्य पदार्थों को खराब होने से बचाने या उनका स्वाद और रंग सुधारने के लिए उनमें मिलाए जाने वाले पदार्थ।
〜てから
B1कुछ करने के बाद। 'खाना खाने के बाद, मैं अपने दाँत साफ़ करता हूँ।'
~てから
B1'~te kara' का उपयोग कुछ करने के 'बाद' कहने के लिए करें। उदाहरण के लिए: 'खाने के बाद, मैं बाहर जाता हूँ।'
熟成させる
B1मांस को स्वादिष्ट बनाने के लिए उसे कुछ दिनों तक परिपक्व (age) किया जाता है।
