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B1 adjective 9 Min. Lesezeit

干した

hoshita

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Erklärung 干した in your Level:

At the A1 level, you can think of 'hoshita' as a simple word related to daily life. It comes from 'hosu' (to dry). You might see it in basic sentences about laundry or simple snacks. For example, 'hoshita sentakumono' (dried laundry). At this stage, just remember that it is used when you hang things up to dry them, like clothes on a line or shoes on a balcony. It’s a very practical word for talking about things you do at home. Don't worry about the kanji yet; focus on the sound 'hoshita' and its connection to making things dry by hanging them up.

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At the A2 level, you should start recognizing the kanji '干' and understanding that 'hoshita' is the past tense of 'hosu'. You can use it to describe common food items like 'hoshita furūtsu' (dried fruit) or 'hoshita niku' (dried meat/jerky). You might use it in sentences like 'I bought dried mango' or 'I dried my shoes because they were wet.' It's important to start distinguishing it from 'kawaita' (dry), which is used for things that are naturally dry. 'Hoshita' implies you did an action to make it dry. You'll hear this word often in household contexts or when shopping for snacks.

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At the B1 level, you are expected to use 'hoshita' more naturally in conversation. You should understand its role as a noun modifier (attributive adjective). You can talk about traditional Japanese foods like 'hoshita shiitake' or 'hoshita sakana' (though you might also learn the word 'himono'). You should be able to explain the process: 'I dried the mushrooms in the sun for three days.' You might also begin to encounter the word in weather contexts, like whether the air is suitable for drying things. At this level, you should be careful not to use 'hoshita' for things like 'dry skin' (use 'kansō-hada') or 'dry weather' (use 'kansō-shita tenki').

At the B2 level, you can use 'hoshita' in more varied and slightly idiomatic contexts. You should be comfortable with the passive form 'hosareta' and its social meaning of being 'sidelined' or 'ignored' in a professional or social setting. You can discuss the benefits of dried foods (umami concentration, preservation) using more complex grammar. You should also be able to distinguish between 'hoshita' (sun/air-dried) and 'kansō-saseta' (machine-dehydrated), choosing the right one depending on the formality of the situation. Your vocabulary should include compound words like 'hoshigaki' (dried persimmon) and 'hoshimono' (dried goods).

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At the C1 level, you understand the cultural and historical nuances of 'hoshita'. You can discuss the history of food preservation in Japan and the role of 'hoshita' ingredients in traditional washoku (Japanese cuisine). You might use the word in literary descriptions, perhaps metaphorically describing a 'dried-out' or 'hollowed-out' character or landscape. You are aware of the subtle differences in tone between 'hoshita', 'kawaita', and 'kansō-shita' and can use them to evoke specific atmospheres in your writing. You can also understand complex news reports or documentaries about traditional crafts (like papermaking) where 'hoshita' describes a crucial step in the process.

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At the C2 level, 'hoshita' is a tool in your linguistic palette that you use with complete precision. You can appreciate the word's presence in classical-style poetry or high-level literature where it might symbolize the passage of time or the loss of vitality. You can engage in deep discussions about the chemistry of 'hoshita' foods (amino acid concentration) or the sociological implications of the 'hosareru' (being sidelined) phenomenon in corporate Japan. You use the word effortlessly in any register, from casual slang to academic discourse, and you can explain its etymology and historical evolution to others.

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干した in 30 Sekunden

Used to describe things dried by hanging or airing out, like laundry or food.
Functions as an adjective but is grammatically the past tense of the verb 'hosu'.
Different from 'kawaita' (naturally dry) and 'kansō-shita' (mechanically or technically dry).
Commonly found in culinary, household, and even metaphorical social contexts (sidelining).

The word 干した (hoshita) is the past-tense form of the verb hosu (干す), meaning 'to dry' or 'to air out.' However, in Japanese, the past-tense form of a verb often functions as an attributive adjective, describing the completed state of an object. When you encounter hoshita, it typically refers to something that has been intentionally preserved or treated through the process of evaporation, usually by exposure to the sun, wind, or heat. This is a fundamental concept in Japanese culture, particularly in the realms of food preservation and household chores. Unlike the word kawaita (乾いた), which simply describes something that is 'dry' (like a dry towel or dry ground), 干した implies a deliberate action of drying something out for a specific purpose.

Culinary Context: In the kitchen, this word is ubiquitous. It describes ingredients like hoshita-shiitake (dried shiitake mushrooms) or hoshita-sakana (dried fish). The process of drying concentrates flavors and extends shelf life, making it a cornerstone of traditional Japanese cuisine.

おばあちゃんが庭で干した柿は、とても甘くて美味しいです。
(The persimmons that my grandmother dried in the garden are very sweet and delicious.)

Laundry and Textiles: In a domestic setting, hoshita refers to laundry that has been hung up. When you say hoshita sentakumono, you are talking about the clothes that are currently hanging on the line or have just been brought in after being aired out.

Beyond the physical, there is a metaphorical usage in social contexts. In slang or colloquial Japanese, someone who is 'hoshita' (or more commonly, the passive form hosareta) refers to someone who has been 'sidelined' or 'frozen out' of a social group or a job. It evokes the image of someone being left out in the sun to dry up and be forgotten. This nuance is essential for B1 learners to understand as they move into more natural, idiomatic Japanese conversations. In the context of CEFR B1, you should be comfortable using this word to describe food you like or the status of your chores at home.

昨日干した布団はふかふかしていて気持ちがいい。
(The futon I aired out yesterday is fluffy and feels great.)

Agricultural Roots: The kanji 干 (kan) originally depicted a tool used for pounding or a shield, but it evolved to represent the act of drying, perhaps by association with tools used to spread out grain. Understanding this helps link the word to the traditional agrarian lifestyle of Japan, where drying rice stalks (haza-kake) was a vital seasonal activity.

Using 干した (hoshita) correctly requires understanding its role as a noun modifier. Because it is the past tense of a verb, it functions similarly to an English past participle like 'dried' or 'aired.' It almost always precedes the noun it describes. When constructing sentences, think about the transition of the object from a wet or fresh state to a dry, preserved state. This transformation is what hoshita captures perfectly.

スーパーで干したマンゴーを買いました。
(I bought dried mangoes at the supermarket.)

Grammar Structure 1: Adjective-like Use: [Noun A] + を + [干した] + [Noun B]. This is the most common pattern. For example: 'I ate the dried meat' -> Hoshita niku o tabemashita.

When talking about the weather's effect on items, you might use the causative or the passive, but hoshita remains the standard way to describe the resultant state. It is important to note that hoshita implies that the moisture was removed by 'hanging' or 'airing' out. If you are describing something that was dried in a machine, you might use kansō-saseta (乾燥させた), but hoshita is often used colloquially even then if the result is the same.

太陽の光で干したタオルは、独特のいい匂いがします。
(Towels dried in the sunlight have a unique, nice smell.)

Grammar Structure 2: Relative Clauses: [Person] + が + [干した] + [Noun]. This identifies who did the drying. For example: 'The clothes my mother dried' -> Haha ga hoshita fuku.

In more advanced contexts, hoshita can be used to describe philosophical or artistic states. A writer might describe a 'dried-out' landscape using this word to imply that the life has been evaporated out of it by some external force. However, for B1 learners, focus on the tangible: food, laundry, and preserved items. It is a very 'practical' word that appears in recipes, weather reports (advice on when to hang laundry), and daily household conversations. Remember that the kanji '干' is also found in 'hoshimono' (dried goods) and 'himono' (dried fish), so learning hoshita helps you decode many other related terms in a Japanese supermarket.

You will encounter 干した (hoshita) in a variety of real-life Japanese settings, ranging from the mundane to the traditional. One of the most common places is the Japanese supermarket (sūpā). In the produce or seafood sections, you will see labels for hoshita-ebi (dried shrimp), hoshita-imo (dried sweet potatoes), and hoshita-sakana. These items are staples of the Japanese diet, used in stocks (dashi), snacks, and side dishes. If you are watching a Japanese cooking show, the host will frequently use hoshita to describe preparation steps or specific ingredients that provide a concentrated 'umami' flavor.

「この干したイカ、お酒に合うね！」
("This dried squid goes great with sake!")

At Home: In a Japanese household, the morning routine often involves checking the weather to see if it's a good day to hang laundry. You'll hear family members asking, 'Did you hang the laundry?' (Sentakumono hoshita?). When the laundry is brought back in, it is referred to as hoshita sentakumono.

Another significant location is the Japanese countryside (inaka). During the autumn, it is a common sight to see orange persimmons hanging from the eaves of traditional houses. These are hoshigaki, and the process is described using hoshita. This word carries a sense of seasonal transition and the wisdom of traditional preservation. In weather forecasts, meteorologists might mention that it's a 'perfect day for drying' (sentaku-biyori), implying that anything hoshita today will dry quickly and thoroughly.

ベランダに干した靴が、急な雨で濡れてしまった。
(The shoes I dried on the balcony got wet from a sudden rain.)

In Literature and Media: You might hear this in dramas when a character feels ignored at work. 'I've been dried out' (Hosareta) is a common way to express that one is being given no work or is being excluded from important meetings, similar to being 'put out to pasture' or 'left in the cold' in English.

The most frequent mistake for English speakers is confusing 干した (hoshita) with kawaita (乾いた). While both can translate to 'dried' or 'dry' in English, their usage in Japanese is strictly governed by context. Kawaita describes a state of being non-wet. For example, if you touch a table and it isn't wet, it is kawaita. However, if you have intentionally placed a piece of fruit in the sun to remove its moisture, it is hoshita. Using kawaita for dried fruit sounds strange because it lacks the nuance of intentional preparation.

❌ 乾いた魚 (Kawaita sakana) - Sounds like a fish that just happens to be dry.
✅ 干した魚 (Hoshita sakana) - Correct for 'dried fish' as a food item.

Mistake 1: Confusing Process with Result: Learners often use hoshita when they just mean 'dry.' If your throat is dry, you say nodo ga kawaita. Saying nodo o hoshita would imply you hung your throat out on a laundry line to dry it!

Another mistake involves the difference between hoshita and kansō-shita (乾燥した). Kansō-shita is a more technical or formal term. You will see it on medicine bottles (dried herbs) or in scientific contexts. Using hoshita in a scientific paper might sound too casual or 'homely.' Conversely, using kansō-shita for your laundry sounds overly robotic and unnatural in daily conversation.

❌ 乾燥した洗濯物 (Kansō-shita sentakumono) - Too formal.
✅ 干した洗濯物 (Hoshita sentakumono) - Perfect for daily life.

Mistake 2: Tense Confusion: Sometimes learners use the present tense hosu when they mean the adjective 'dried.' Remember that hosu is an action (to dry), while hoshita is the state (dried). If you want to buy 'dried fruit,' you must use the past-tense form hoshita-furūtsu.

Lastly, be careful with the passive form hosareta. While hoshita is usually positive or neutral (describing food or clean clothes), hosareta often carries the negative social connotation of being ignored. Using them interchangeably can lead to significant misunderstandings in a social or professional setting. Always consider whether you are describing a physical object you've prepared or a social situation you're enduring.

Understanding the synonyms and alternatives for 干した (hoshita) will help you refine your Japanese and sound more natural in different contexts. While hoshita is the most versatile term for 'dried' in a domestic or culinary sense, several other words occupy adjacent semantic spaces.

乾いた (Kawaita): This is the most common alternative. Use it for natural dryness where no human intervention occurred.
Example: Kawaita michi (A dry road), Kawaita kaze (A dry breeze).

乾燥した (Kansō-shita): This is a Sino-Japanese (Kango) word. It is formal, technical, and often used in medical, scientific, or commercial contexts.
Example: Kansō-hada (Dry skin), Kansō-zai (Desiccant/Drying agent).

冬は空気が乾燥しているので、風邪を引きやすい。
(The air is dry in winter, so it's easy to catch a cold.)

枯れた (Kareta): Specifically used for biological 'withering' or 'drying up' of plants or even voices.
Example: Kareta hana (A withered flower), Kareta koe (A hoarse/raspy voice).

When choosing between these, ask yourself: Was this dried by a person for a purpose (hoshita)? Is it just not wet (kawaita)? Is it a technical state (kansō-shita)? Or is it a dead plant (kareta)? For a B1 learner, mastering the distinction between hoshita and kawaita is the most critical step toward natural-sounding Japanese. Additionally, you might encounter mizu-ke o kitta (water-removed), which is used in cooking to describe draining vegetables, though it doesn't mean 'dried' in the sense of evaporation.

Finally, consider himono (干物). While not an adjective, it is a noun that encapsulates the 'dried' concept for seafood. Instead of saying hoshita sakana, Japanese people will almost always just say himono. Using the specific noun instead of the adjective-noun combo is a sign of higher proficiency. Similarly, hoshigaki (dried persimmon) is preferred over hoshita kaki. Pay attention to these compound words as you expand your vocabulary.

How Formal Is It?

Wusstest du?

The kanji 干 (kan) is one of the simplest in Japanese, consisting of just three strokes. It is often taught early to children and represents a drying rack or a tool for pounding, which later came to symbolize the result of such labor: dryness.

Aussprachehilfe

UK /ho̞.ɕi.ta/

US /hoʊ.ʃi.tɑ/

Japanese is a pitch-accent language. In 'hoshita', the pitch typically rises on 'shi' and falls on 'ta'.

Reimt sich auf

Ashita (Tomorrow) Kashita (Lent) Mashita (Polite past suffix) Oshita (Pushed) Nashita (Accomplished) Keshita (Erased) Dashita (Put out) Yashita (Quenched)

Häufige Fehler

Pronouncing 'shi' as 'see' (keep it 'she').
Elongating the 'o' in 'ho' too much (keep it short).
Stressing the 'ta' too hard (Japanese syllables generally have equal length).
Confusing the pitch with 'hoshita' (wanted/star - though 'hoshita' for star is not a word, 'hoshi' is).
Mumbling the 'h' sound.

Schwierigkeitsgrad

Lesen 3/5

The kanji is simple, but recognizing it as a noun modifier is key.

Schreiben 2/5

The kanji 干 is very easy to write (only 3 strokes).

Sprechen 3/5

Requires distinguishing between 'hoshita' and 'kawaita' in real-time.

Hören 2/5

Clear pronunciation makes it easy to catch in daily conversation.

Was du als Nächstes lernen solltest

Voraussetzungen

干す (Hosu) 乾く (Kawaku) 洗濯 (Sentaku) 太陽 (Taiyō) 魚 (Sakana)

Als Nächstes lernen

干物 (Himono) 乾燥 (Kansō) 保存食 (Hozon-shoku) 熟成 (Jukusei) 旨味 (Umami)

Fortgeschritten

干拓 (Kantaku) 干渉 (Kanshō) 若干 (Jakkan) 不干渉 (Fukanshō)

Wichtige Grammatik

Past Tense as Adjective

干した (Hoshita) + 魚 (Sakana) = Dried fish.

Relative Clauses

私が (Watashi ga) + 干した (hoshita) + 服 (fuku) = The clothes I dried.

Passive Voice (Metaphorical)

彼は (Kare wa) + 干された (hosareta) = He was sidelined.

Te-form Sequence

干して (Hoshite) + から (kara) + 食べる (taberu) = Eat after drying.

Bakari (Just finished)

干した (Hoshita) + ばかり (bakari) = Just hung up to dry.

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Beispiele nach Niveau

干した洗濯物を取り込みます。

I will bring in the dried laundry.

干した (past tense verb acting as adjective) + 洗濯物 (noun).

昨日、靴を干した。

I dried my shoes yesterday.

Simple past tense of the verb 干す.

干した魚は美味しいです。

Dried fish is delicious.

Noun modification pattern.

これは干したブドウですか？

Are these dried grapes (raisins)?

Question form with 'desu ka'.

母が干したタオルを使います。

I use the towel my mother dried.

Relative clause: [Subject] ga [Verb] [Noun].

干した草の上に座りました。

I sat on the dried grass (hay).

Prepositional use with 'no ue ni'.

太陽で干した服は気持ちいい。

Clothes dried in the sun feel good.

Compound description.

干したイカを食べたいです。

I want to eat dried squid.

Desire form 'tai desu'.

スーパーで干したマンゴーを買いました。

I bought dried mangoes at the supermarket.

Standard 'object o verb' structure.

この干したシイタケはいい香りがします。

These dried shiitake mushrooms have a good aroma.

Demonstrative 'kono' + noun.

雨が降る前に、干した布団を入れました。

I brought in the aired futon before it rained.

Time clause 'mae ni'.

干した野菜を使ってスープを作ります。

I will make soup using dried vegetables.

Te-form 'tsukatte' for means/method.

外に干したシャツがまだ濡れています。

The shirt I hung outside is still wet.

Contrast between 'hoshita' (action) and 'nurete iru' (state).

干した梅干しは酸っぱいけれど体にいいです。

Dried pickled plums are sour but good for you.

Conjunction 'keredo' (but).

庭で干した柿を食べたことがありますか？

Have you ever eaten persimmons dried in the garden?

Experience form 'ta koto ga arimasu'.

この干した肉は少し硬いです。

This dried meat is a bit tough.

Adverb 'sukoshi' modifying the adjective 'katai'.

干したシイタケを水で戻してから料理に使います。

I'll rehydrate the dried shiitake in water before using them for cooking.

Te-form sequence: 'modoshite kara'.

日本では昔から魚を干した保存食が作られてきました。

In Japan, preserved foods made of dried fish have been produced since ancient times.

Passive voice 'tsukurarete kita'.

太陽の光で干したタオルは、乾燥機で乾かしたものよりふかふかだ。

Towels dried in the sun are fluffier than those dried in a dryer.

Comparison structure 'A wa B yori [adjective]'.

ベランダに干した靴が急な雷雨でびしょ濡れになった。

The shoes I hung on the balcony got soaking wet in a sudden thunderstorm.

Resultative 'ni natta'.

干したイチジクはワインによく合います。

Dried figs go very well with wine.

Phrase 'ni yoku aimasu' (matches well).

昨日干したばかりの洗濯物が、もう乾いています。

The laundry I just hung up yesterday is already dry.

'Bakari' indicating recent action.

干した大根（たくあん）は、日本の伝統的な漬物です。

Dried radish (takuan) is a traditional Japanese pickle.

Apposition in parentheses.

キャンプで食べるために、家で肉を干した。

I dried meat at home to eat during the camping trip.

Purpose clause 'tame ni'.

彼は会社で干されたような状態になり、退職を決意した。

He felt as if he had been sidelined at the company and decided to resign.

Metaphorical use of the passive 'hosareta'.

この干した昆布から出る出汁が、料理の味を決めます。

The stock produced from this dried kelp determines the flavor of the dish.

Relative clause modifying 'dashi'.

自然の風で干した稲穂が、黄金色に輝いている。

The rice stalks dried by the natural wind are shining in a golden color.

Descriptive 'kagayaki'.

干した果物は糖分が凝縮されているので、食べ過ぎに注意が必要だ。

Since sugar is concentrated in dried fruit, one needs to be careful not to overeat.

Causal 'node' and 'chūi ga hitsuyō'.

屋根裏に干した薬草が、独特の苦い匂いを放っている。

The medicinal herbs dried in the attic are emitting a uniquely bitter scent.

Verb 'hanatsu' (to emit).

一度干した海苔を軽く炙ると、さらに香りが引き立ちます。

Lightly toasting once-dried seaweed makes the aroma stand out even more.

Conditional 'to' for natural results.

彼女は干した花を使って、美しいドライフラワーのリースを作った。

She made a beautiful dried flower wreath using dried blossoms.

Noun modification 'hoshita hana'.

長期間干した木材は、反りにくく丈夫になります。

Wood that has been dried for a long time becomes strong and resistant to warping.

Compound verb 'sori-nikui' (hard to warp).

天日干しした塩は、機械で作られたものとはミネラル分が明らかに違う。

Salt dried in the sun has a clearly different mineral content compared to machine-made salt.

Compound 'tenpi-boshi shita'.

干したスルメを噛み締めながら、彼は遠い故郷の海を思い出した。

While chewing on dried squid, he remembered the sea of his distant hometown.

Simultaneous action 'nagara'.

伝統的な和紙作りにおいて、板に貼って干した紙を剥がす作業は非常に繊細だ。

In traditional Japanese papermaking, the task of peeling off the paper dried on boards is extremely delicate.

Complex noun phrase as subject.

干した後の茶葉の含水率を均一に保つことが、品質管理の鍵となる。

Maintaining a uniform moisture content in tea leaves after drying is the key to quality control.

Noun 'hoshita ato' (after drying).

その作家の文体は、まるで干した果実のように、余計な水分が削ぎ落とされている。

That author's style is like a dried fruit, with all unnecessary moisture stripped away.

Simile using 'marude... no yō ni'.

干した草の匂いが漂う牧場で、彼は静かな午後を過ごした。

He spent a quiet afternoon at the ranch, where the scent of dried grass wafted through the air.

Relative clause modifying 'bokujō'.

厳しい冬に備え、村人たちは干した肉や魚を蔵に蓄えた。

Preparing for the harsh winter, the villagers stored dried meat and fish in the storehouse.

Preparation 'sonae'.

干した大根を編み込んで吊るす光景は、この地方の冬の風物詩だ。

The sight of braided and hanging dried radishes is a quintessential winter scene in this region.

Noun phrase 'fūbutsushi' (seasonal tradition).

干した皮のようにカサカサになった古文書を、慎重に修復していく。

They are carefully restoring the ancient documents, which have become as dry and brittle as dried skin.

Complex simile and resultative state.

都会の喧騒に干された彼の感性は、故郷の自然の中で再び潤いを取り戻した。

His sensibilities, dried out by the hustle and bustle of the city, regained their moisture in the nature of his hometown.

Abstract metaphorical use of 'hosareta'.

干した漆を研ぎ出すことで生まれる独特の艶は、職人の長年の経験の賜物である。

The unique luster created by polishing dried lacquer is the fruit of a craftsman's many years of experience.

Formal 'tamamono' (gift/fruit of labor).

その土地の風土が、干した魚の熟成具合に絶妙な影響を与えるのだという。

It is said that the local climate exerts a subtle influence on the degree of maturation of the dried fish.

Explanatory 'no da to iu'.

干した後の収縮率を計算に入れずに設計すると、完成後に不具合が生じる。

If you design without taking the post-drying shrinkage rate into account, defects will occur after completion.

Conditional 'to' with negative 'zu ni' (without doing).

干した薬草の調合比率一つで、薬の効能は劇的に変化する。

The efficacy of the medicine changes dramatically with just one adjustment to the mixing ratio of the dried herbs.

Emphasis 'hitotsu de'.

歳月を経て干された情熱は、もはや若い頃のような激しさを持っていなかった。

His passion, dried out by the passing years, no longer possessed the intensity of his youth.

Metaphorical 'hoshita' for abstract nouns.

干した藁を敷き詰めた厩舎には、どこか懐かしい温もりが漂っていた。

In the stable lined with dried straw, there was a waft of somewhat nostalgic warmth.

Compound verb 'shiki-tsumeta' (spread all over).

Häufige Kollokationen

干した洗濯物

干した魚

干した椎茸

干した果物

干した布団

干したイカ

干した芋

太陽で干した

カラッと干した

板に干した

Häufige Phrasen

洗濯物を干した？

— Did you hang the laundry? (A common daily question in Japanese households.)

「ねえ、洗濯物干した？」「うん、さっきやったよ。」

干した甲斐があった

— It was worth drying it. (Used when the result of drying something is particularly good.)

布団がふかふかで、干した甲斐があった。

よく干した

— Well-dried. (Used to describe something that has no moisture left.)

この魚はよく干してあるね。

干したままにする

— To leave something hanging/drying. (Often used when you forget to bring things in.)

洗濯物を干したまま出かけてしまった。

影で干した

— Dried in the shade. (Used for items that shouldn't be in direct sunlight.)

デリケートな服は影で干したほうがいい。

一日中干した

— Dried all day long. (Emphasizes the duration of the drying process.)

靴を一日中干したけど、まだ乾かない。

干した後の香り

— The scent after drying. (Usually refers to the pleasant smell of sun-dried items.)

干した後のタオルの香りが好きだ。

パリッと干した

— Dried to a crisp/stiff state. (Often used for shirts or seaweed.)

シャツをパリッと干したい。

中まで干した

— Dried all the way to the center. (Used for thick items like futons or large fish.)

この肉は中までしっかり干した。

急いで干した

— Hung up/dried in a hurry.

時間がなかったので、急いで干した。

Wird oft verwechselt mit

干した vs 乾いた (Kawaita)

Kawaita is 'dry' (state); Hoshita is 'dried' (process).

干した vs 枯れた (Kareta)

Kareta is for withered plants; Hoshita is for items prepared by drying.

干した vs 押した (Oshita)

Oshita means 'pushed'; sounds similar but completely different meaning.

Redewendungen & Ausdrücke

"干される (Hosareru)"

— To be sidelined or ignored; to be given no work. (Passive form of 'hosu'.)

彼は上司に逆らって、現場を干された。

Colloquial/Business

"涙も干上がる (Namida mo hiagaru)"

— To be so sad or exhausted that one can no longer cry. (Literally: Even tears dry up.)

あまりの悲しみに、涙も干上がってしまった。

Literary

"財布が干上がる (Saifu ga hiagaru)"

— To be completely out of money. (Literally: The wallet dries up.)

給料日前で、財布が干上がっている。

Informal

"井戸が干上がる (Ido ga hiagaru)"

— To run out of resources or ideas. (Literally: The well dries up.)

ネタが干上がって、ブログが書けない。

Informal/Metaphorical

"干し物にする (Hoshimono ni suru)"

— To make something into a dried item; sometimes used metaphorically for exposing something.

釣った魚を干し物にする。

Neutral

"干天の慈雨 (Kanten no jiu)"

— A long-awaited blessing. (Literally: Merciful rain during a drought/dry spell.)

この融資は、我々にとって干天の慈雨だ。

Formal/Idiomatic

"梅干しのような顔 (Umeboshi no yō na kao)"

— A very wrinkled face, like a dried plum.

おじいちゃんが梅干しのような顔で笑った。

Descriptive/Informal

"干戈を交える (Kanka o majieru)"

— To go to war. (Uses 'kan' but in the sense of a shield/weapon.)

隣国と干戈を交える事態となった。

Literary/Archaic

"干渉する (Kanshō suru)"

— To interfere. (Contains 'kan' but is a separate Kango verb.)

他人の私生活に干渉してはいけない。

Neutral

"若干 (Jakkan)"

— A few; a little bit. (Uses 'kan' as a phonetic/semantic component.)

計画に若干の修正が必要だ。

Formal

Leicht verwechselbar

干した vs 乾燥 (Kansō)

Both mean dry.

Kansō is technical/scientific; Hoshita is for air/sun drying.

乾燥肌 (Dry skin) vs 干した魚 (Dried fish).

干した vs 乾かす (Kawakasu)

Both are verbs for drying.

Kawakasu is the general action; Hosu specifically implies airing/hanging.

ドライヤーで乾かす (Dry with a dryer) vs ベランダで干す (Dry on the balcony).

干した vs 蒸した (Mushita)

Rhymes with Hoshita.

Mushita means 'steamed'.

蒸したパン (Steamed bread) vs 干したパン (Dried bread).

干した vs 干物 (Himono)

Same kanji and meaning.

Himono is a noun (dried fish); Hoshita is an adjective/verb.

干物を食べる (Eat dried fish) vs 魚を干した (Dried the fish).

干した vs 晒した (Sarashita)

Both involve exposure.

Sarashita means 'exposed' to light or public view, but not necessarily for drying.

日光に晒した (Exposed to sunlight).

Satzmuster

[Noun] を干した。

服を干した。

[Noun A] で干した [Noun B]。

太陽で干したマンゴー。

[Noun] を干したほうがいい。

布団を干したほうがいい。

[Person] が [Noun] を干したおかげで...

母が靴を干したおかげで、今日は履ける。

[Noun] を干したことによって、[Result]。

魚を干したことによって、旨味が凝縮された。

[Abstract Noun] さえも干した...

情熱さえも干した彼の目は、冷たかった。

干した [Noun] は [Adjective] です。

干したイカは硬いです。

昨日干した [Noun] を [Verb]。

昨日干したタオルを使う。

Wortfamilie

Substantive

干物 (Himono - Dried fish)

干し物 (Hoshimono - Dried goods/Laundry)

干し草 (Hoshigusa - Hay)

干柿 (Hoshigaki - Dried persimmon)

干拓 (Kantaku - Land reclamation)

Verben

干す (Hosu - To dry/air out)

干上がる (Hiagaru - To dry up completely)

干し上げる (Hoshi-ageru - To finish drying)

Adjektive

干からびた (Hikarabita - Shriveled/Dried up)

Verwandt

乾燥 (Kansō - Desiccation)

洗濯 (Sentaku - Laundry)

保存 (Hozon - Preservation)

太陽 (Taiyō - Sun)

水分 (Suibun - Moisture)

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frequency

Extremely common in daily life (laundry) and food-related contexts.

Häufige Fehler

Using 'hoshita' for dry weather. → 乾燥した天気 (Kansō-shita tenki).
Weather is a natural/technical state, so 'kansō' is required.
Using 'hoshita' for a dry towel you just found. → 乾いたタオル (Kawaita taoru).
If you didn't dry it yourself, just use 'kawaita' (dry).
Saying 'hoshi sakana'. → 干した魚 (Hoshita sakana) or 干物 (Himono).
You need the 'ta' to make the verb an adjective, or use the specific noun.
Using 'hoshita' for dry skin. → 乾燥肌 (Kansō-hada).
Skin dryness is a medical/physical condition, requiring 'kansō'.
Confusing 'hoshita' with 'oshita'. → 干した (Hoshita) = Dried; 押した (Oshita) = Pushed.
The 'h' sound is crucial. Don't drop it!

Tipps

Past Tense as Adjective

Remember that in Japanese, the past tense of a verb can often be used directly before a noun to describe it. 'Hoshita' is a perfect example of this.

Food Compounds

Look for words starting with 'hoshi-' in the supermarket. Hoshi-imo, hoshi-budō, and hoshi-shiitake are all delicious and use this root.

Sun vs. Machine

Japanese culture values 'tenpi-boshi' (sun-dried) items highly. Mentioning that something was dried in the sun adds a nuance of quality.

The Social 'Dry'

If you hear someone say they were 'hosareta,' don't congratulate them! They are saying they were ignored or sidelined.

Three Strokes

The kanji 干 is very easy. One horizontal, one horizontal, and one vertical. It looks like a simple drying rack!

Laundry Check

Use 'hoshita' for clothes on a line, but 'kawaita' for clothes that are ready to wear.

Seasonal Scenes

In autumn, look for 'hoshigaki' (dried persimmons) hanging from eaves. It's a classic Japanese sight.

H-H-H

Hoshita = Hanging = Heat = Home. This word is central to traditional home life.

Hoshita vs Kansō

Use 'hoshita' for things you can do at home; use 'kansō' for things machines or nature do on a large scale.

The 'Shi' Sound

Make sure the 'shi' in 'hoshita' is clear. It's the most important syllable for distinguishing it from other words.

Einprägen

Eselsbrücke

Think of a 'HOSE' (hosu) that you use to wash things, but then you have to 'HO-SHE-TA' (hoshita) them in the sun to dry them off!

Visuelle Assoziation

Imagine a bright orange 'HOSHI' (star/sun) drying out a fish on a line. The sun (star) is the reason it is 'hoshita'.

Word Web

Sun Wind Fish Fruit Laundry Futon Preservation Umami

Herausforderung

Try to find three items in your kitchen that are 'hoshita' (like pasta, raisins, or tea) and say 'Kore wa hoshita [noun] desu' out loud.

Wortherkunft

The word 'hoshita' is the past tense of 'hosu', which is a native Japanese (Yamato Kotoba) verb. It has been used since the Old Japanese period to describe the act of removing moisture.

Ursprüngliche Bedeutung: To expose to the sun or wind to remove water.

Japonic

Kultureller Kontext

Be careful using 'hosareta' (the passive form) about people, as it implies they are being bullied or excluded at work.

In English, we use different words like 'dried,' 'aired,' or 'sidelined.' Japanese uses 'hoshita' or its variations for all of these, showing a different way of grouping concepts.

Hoshigaki (Dried Persimmons) appear in many Ghibli films as a symbol of rural life. Surume (Dried Squid) is the iconic 'salaryman' snack often seen in anime. Sentaku-biyori (A good day for laundry) is a common trope in Japanese slice-of-life media.

Im Alltag üben

Kontexte aus dem Alltag

At the Supermarket

干した果物はどこですか？
この干した魚はいくらですか？
干した椎茸を探しています。
干した肉（ジャーキー）はありますか？

Doing Laundry

洗濯物、干した？
干したタオルを取り込んで。
外に干したほうがいいよ。
まだ干したばかりだから乾いてない。

Cooking with Recipes

干した海苔を炙ります。
干した野菜をスープに入れます。
干したエビで出汁を取る。
干したイカを細かく切る。

Talking about Weather

今日は干すのにいい天気だね。
干した布団が雨で濡れた。
空気が乾燥して、よく干せる。
陰で干したほうがいい服だ。

Professional/Social (Slang)

彼は最近、干されている。
干されたくないなら頑張れ。
あのタレント、テレビから干されたね。
仕事を干されて暇だ。

Gesprächseinstiege

"日本で一番好きな干した食べ物は何ですか？ (What is your favorite dried food in Japan?)"

"あなたの国では、どんなものを太陽で干しますか？ (In your country, what kind of things do you dry in the sun?)"

"干した布団の匂いについてどう思いますか？ (What do you think about the smell of an aired-out futon?)"

"最近、何か洗濯物を干しましたか？ (Did you hang any laundry recently?)"

"干したフルーツと生のフルーツ、どちらが好きですか？ (Which do you like better, dried fruit or fresh fruit?)"

Tagebuch-Impulse

今日、私が干したものは... (Today, the things I dried were... Describe your laundry or cooking process.)

干した椎茸を使った料理の思い出。 (Memories of a dish using dried shiitake mushrooms.)

もし一週間、仕事を干されたら何をしますか？ (If you were sidelined/given no work for a week, what would you do?)

日本の「干した」文化について感じること。 (What I feel about Japan's 'dried' culture.)

太陽で干したタオルの感触について。 (About the feel of a towel dried in the sun.)

Häufig gestellte Fragen

10 Fragen

No, for dry skin, you should use 'kansō-hada' (乾燥肌). 'Hoshita' would imply you hung your skin out to dry!

'Hoshita' refers to the action of drying something (like laundry or fish), while 'kawaita' refers to the state of being dry. Use 'hoshita' for things you actively dried.

Grammatically, it is the past tense of the verb 'hosu' (to dry). However, it is frequently used as an attributive adjective to mean 'dried' (e.g., hoshita sakana).

You can say 'hoshita furūtsu' (干したフルーツ) or 'dry fruit' (ドライフルーツ).

It means being sidelined, ignored, or given no meaningful work, effectively being 'pushed out' of the group.

Usually, 'hoshita' implies hanging or airing. For a dryer, you might say 'kansōki de kawakashita', though 'hoshita' is sometimes used loosely.

It means drying laundry indoors (部屋 - room, 干し - drying), which is common during the rainy season.

No, for hair, use 'kawakashita' (dried). 'Kami o kawakashita' is correct.

The most common opposite is 'nureta' (wet) or 'shimetta' (damp).

Because drying ingredients like shiitake or shrimp concentrates their flavor and adds umami to the dish.

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