When you want to give a few examples without listing everything, you can use とか (toka). It’s a handy particle to show that your list is not exhaustive, meaning there are other things that could be included. Think of it like saying “and so on,” “things like,” or “etc.” in English.
You place とか after each item in your non-exhaustive list. It’s very common in casual conversation. For example, if you're talking about things you like, you might say, "I like apples とか oranges とか." This tells your listener you like apples and oranges, but also other fruits too.
When you're listing a few examples but don't want to list everything, you can use 「とか」. It's similar to saying "and so on" or "things like" in English. It shows that the list is not exhaustive and there are other similar items.
For instance, if you're talking about fruits and want to mention a few, you could say 「りんごとかみかんとか」 (apples and oranges, and so on). It's a casual way to give examples without being too precise.
When you're listing a few examples and want to indicate there are more, you can use 「とか」. It's similar to saying "and so on" or "things like" in English.
It shows that the list isn't exhaustive and there could be other items. For instance, if you're talking about fruits and say 「りんごとかバナナとか」, it means "apples, bananas, and so on" or "things like apples and bananas."
This particle is really useful for giving examples without having to list every single item. You can use it after nouns to give a few examples of something, implying that there are other similar things as well.
It's a very natural way to speak in Japanese when you want to keep a list open-ended. Just remember that it suggests an incomplete list rather than a complete one.
When using とか (toka) to list examples, it implies that the list is not exhaustive and there are other similar items that could be mentioned. It's similar to saying "and so on" or "things like" in English.
For example, if you say "りんごとかバナナとか買いました" (Ringo toka banana toka kaimashita), it means "I bought apples, bananas, and so on." or "I bought things like apples and bananas."
It can also be used to give examples of actions. For instance, "週末は映画を見るとか、友達と会うとかします" (Shūmatsu wa eiga o miru toka, tomodachi to au toka shimasu) means "On the weekend, I do things like watch movies or meet friends."
とか often softens a statement, making it sound less direct or definitive. It's a very common and natural-sounding way to give examples in Japanese.
When used to connect nouns or noun phrases, 「とか」 functions similarly to 「～や～など」, but it carries a more casual nuance and often implies a more extensive, non-exhaustive list. It suggests that there are other similar items that could be mentioned, but the speaker is only providing a few examples.
For instance, 「週末は映画とかゲームとかして過ごしました。」 (I spent the weekend doing things like watching movies and playing games.) clearly indicates that watching movies and playing games are just a couple of examples of how the weekend was spent, and other activities might have occurred.
It can also be used to soften a statement or to express uncertainty, similar to "or something" in English. For example, 「彼、怒ってる とか？」 (Is he angry, or something like that?).
While commonly used in informal speech, it's generally best to avoid 「とか」 in formal writing or presentations where a more precise and complete enumeration might be expected. In those situations, 「～や～など」 or a more direct list would be more appropriate.
When you want to give a few examples without listing everything, use 「とか」. It's similar to saying "and so on" or "things like" in English. This particle signals that the list isn't complete. For example, if you're talking about fruits and say 「りんごとかバナナとか」 (apple and banana and so on), it implies there are other fruits too.
とか 30 सेकंड में
- Use とか to give examples without listing everything.
- It's like saying 'and so on' or 'things like'.
- It makes your list non-exhaustive.
§ What does it mean and when do people use it?
Hello learners! Today we're diving into a super common and useful Japanese word: とか (toka). You'll hear this everywhere in casual conversation, and mastering it will make your Japanese sound much more natural. とか is a particle, which means it attaches to other words and adds a specific nuance.
- DEFINITION
- とか (toka) roughly translates to "and so on," "things like," "or something like that." It's used to give examples without being exhaustive. Think of it as saying, "Here are a few examples, but there might be others."
The key takeaway here is that とか signals a non-exhaustive list. You're not listing every single item; you're just giving a few representative examples. This is incredibly practical because in real life, we rarely list every single possibility. Instead, we give a few examples and let the listener understand that there are more.
Let's look at some common scenarios where とか shines:
- Giving examples of nouns: This is probably the most frequent use. You're talking about a category, and you want to list a few items within that category.
週末は映画とか、買い物とか、何をする？
Shūmatsu wa eiga toka, kaimono toka, nani o suru?
(What do you do on weekends, like movies, shopping, and so on?)
In this example, the speaker isn't saying they ONLY watch movies and shop. They're giving those as typical examples of weekend activities. The listener understands that there could be other things they do.
- Giving examples of verbs/actions: とか can also follow the plain form of verbs to give examples of actions.
疲れたら、ちょっと休むとか、コーヒーを飲むとか、どう？
Tsukaretara, chotto yasumu toka, kōhī o nomu toka, dō?
(If you're tired, how about taking a rest or something, or drinking coffee or something?)
Again, these are just suggestions, not a complete list of solutions for being tired. The とか makes it feel less like a command and more like a friendly suggestion.
- Adding vagueness or softening a statement: Sometimes, とか can be used to make a statement less direct or to express uncertainty. This is a subtle but important use.
彼は遅れるとか言ってたよ。
Kare wa okureru toka itteta yo.
(He said he might be late or something.)
Here, the speaker is relaying information they heard, but the とか adds a slight hedge, implying they might not be entirely sure of the exact details or that it was a casual mention.
It's important to understand the nuance. とか isn't just a placeholder for "etc." It inherently carries the sense of a casual, incomplete list. When you hear it, the speaker is inviting you to imagine other similar items or actions. When you use it, you're making your communication more flexible and less rigid. It's a sign of natural, conversational Japanese.
Another common pattern you'll hear is 「AとかBとか」. This emphasizes that both A and B are just examples among potentially many others. It makes the list sound even more casual and less like a definitive statement.
Mastering とか means not just knowing its definition but also understanding the feeling it conveys. It's about being relaxed in your communication and acknowledging that life isn't always about perfect, exhaustive lists. Keep practicing with examples, and you'll naturally start incorporating it into your own Japanese!
How Formal Is It?
"会議では、企画書や報告書などを作成しました。 (At the meeting, we created proposal documents, reports, and so on.)"
"果物では、りんごやみかんなどをよく食べます。 (Among fruits, I often eat apples, oranges, and so on.)"
"週末は映画見るとか、友達と遊ぶとかしたよ。 (On the weekend, I watched movies and hung out with friends, things like that.)"
"おもちゃは、ブロックとか、ぬいぐるみとか、いっぱいあるよ。 (I have lots of toys, like blocks, stuffed animals, and so on.)"
"あの店、ご飯とか美味しいよね。 (That restaurant, the food and stuff is good, right?)"
रोचक तथ्य
とか is often used in casual speech and can sometimes imply a certain vagueness or uncertainty on the speaker's part about the completeness of their list.
कठिनाई स्तर
Short and simple kana.
Short and simple kana.
Requires understanding of its function in a sentence.
Requires understanding of its function in a sentence.
आगे क्या सीखें
आगे सीखें
उन्नत
स्तर के अनुसार उदाहरण
週末は映画とか見ます。
I watch movies and stuff on the weekends.
果物とか好きですか？
Do you like fruits and such?
鉛筆とか消しゴムとか、ありますか？
Do you have pencils, erasers, and so on?
休みに旅行とか行きたいです。
I want to go on trips and such during my time off.
お茶とかコーヒーとか飲みますか？
Do you drink tea, coffee, and so on?
ケーキとかパンとか、たくさんあります。
There are many things like cakes and bread.
日本語とか英語とか、話せます。
I can speak Japanese, English, and so on.
本とか雑誌とか、読むのが好きです。
I like reading things like books and magazines.
週末は映画を見たり、本を読んだり、とかして過ごすことが多いです。
On weekends, I often spend my time watching movies, reading books, and so on.
Used with the -tari form of verbs to list multiple activities non-exhaustively.
私の趣味は料理とか、旅行とか、写真とかです。
My hobbies are cooking, traveling, photography, and so on.
Used with nouns to list multiple items non-exhaustively.
疲れた時は、甘いものとか、温かいお茶とかが欲しくなりますね。
When I'm tired, I want sweet things, warm tea, and so on.
Used with nouns to list multiple items non-exhaustively, often expressing desires or preferences.
次の旅行は京都とか、奈良とか、古い街に行ってみたいです。
For my next trip, I want to go to old cities like Kyoto, Nara, and so on.
Used with nouns to give examples of a category.
休みの日は家でゲームをしたり、友達と会ったり、とかしてリラックスします。
On my days off, I relax by playing games at home, meeting friends, and so on.
Used with the -tari form of verbs to list multiple activities non-exhaustively.
このお店には、Tシャツとか、帽子とか、色々なグッズがありますよ。
This store has various goods like T-shirts, hats, and so on.
Used with nouns to list multiple items non-exhaustively.
プレゼンテーションの準備で、資料を集めたり、原稿を書いたり、とか大変でした。
Preparing for the presentation was tough, like gathering materials, writing the draft, and so on.
Used with the -tari form of verbs to list multiple activities non-exhaustively, often indicating difficulty or effort.
最近は、健康のために野菜とか、果物とかをよく食べるようにしています。
Recently, for my health, I'm trying to eat a lot of vegetables, fruits, and so on.
Used with nouns to list multiple items non-exhaustively, often in the context of habits or intentions.
週末は映画とか買い物とかに行きました。
I went to see movies and do some shopping, etc. on the weekend.
好きな食べ物？寿司とかラーメンとかですね。
Favorite foods? Sushi, ramen, things like that.
趣味は読書とか料理とかです。
My hobbies are reading, cooking, and so on.
彼はサッカーとか野球とか、スポーツなら何でも好きです。
He likes any sport, such as soccer, baseball, etc.
旅行には、服とか洗面用具とか、たくさん持っていきます。
For the trip, I'll bring many things like clothes, toiletries, and so on.
会議では、新しいプロジェクトのアイデアとか、予算について話しました。
In the meeting, we talked about new project ideas, budget, etc.
最近、健康のためにヨガとかウォーキングとかを始めました。
Recently, I started doing yoga, walking, and similar activities for my health.
プレゼントには、お菓子とか手作りのカードとかがいいと思います。
For a present, I think sweets or a handmade card, or something similar, would be good.
週末は映画を見たり、本を読んだり、とかして過ごすことが多いです。
On weekends, I often spend my time watching movies, reading books, and so on.
Using とか after a list of verbs (in their -たり form) indicates a non-exhaustive list of activities.
旅行にはカメラとか、充電器とか、忘れずに持っていってくださいね。
For the trip, please don't forget to bring things like a camera, a charger, etc.
Using とか after nouns indicates a non-exhaustive list of items.
最近は健康のために、ウォーキングとか、ヨガとかを始めました。
Recently, for my health, I've started things like walking and yoga.
Used to give a few examples of activities without listing everything.
彼の話は面白くて、アニメとか、漫画とか、いろんなジャンルの知識が豊富です。
His stories are interesting, and he has a wealth of knowledge in various genres like anime, manga, and so on.
Used to provide examples of topics within a broader category.
会議で質問とか、意見とかがあれば、遠慮なく言ってください。
If you have any questions, opinions, or similar, please don't hesitate to speak up during the meeting.
Used to imply other similar contributions are welcome.
週末のイベントには、音楽ライブとか、屋台とか、たくさん出ますよ。
At the weekend event, there will be many things like live music, food stalls, etc.
Used to suggest a variety of attractions will be present.
将来は海外で働きたいとか、自分のビジネスを始めたいとか、夢は色々あります。
In the future, I have various dreams like wanting to work abroad, starting my own business, and so on.
Used to indicate a non-exhaustive list of aspirations.
疲れた時は、甘いものとか、温かい飲み物とかでリラックスするのが一番です。
When you're tired, relaxing with things like sweets or a warm drink is the best.
Used to suggest a few examples of comforting items.
週末は映画とか買い物とかして過ごしました。
I spent the weekend watching movies, shopping, and so on.
彼の趣味は読書とか料理とか多岐にわたります。
His hobbies range widely, including things like reading and cooking.
旅行の準備で、着替えとか洗面用具とか、必要なものがたくさんあります。
When preparing for a trip, there are many necessary things like changes of clothes and toiletries.
将来は医者とか弁護士とか、人の役に立つ仕事がしたいです。
In the future, I want to do a job that helps people, like being a doctor or a lawyer.
ストレス解消法として、運動とか音楽鑑賞とかを試しています。
As a way to relieve stress, I'm trying things like exercise and listening to music.
最近は健康に気を使って、野菜とか魚とかを積極的に摂るようにしています。
Recently, I'm paying attention to my health and trying to actively consume things like vegetables and fish.
何か困ったことがあったら、先生とか友達とかに相談するといいですよ。
If you have any problems, it's good to consult with people like your teacher or friends.
休日は家でゲームとか読書とかして過ごすことが多いです。
On holidays, I often spend my time at home doing things like playing games or reading.
सामान्य शब्द संयोजन
सामान्य वाक्यांश
週末は映画を見たり、本を読んだりとかします。
On weekends, I watch movies, read books, and so on.
趣味は音楽を聴くこととか、ゲームをすることです。
My hobbies are listening to music, playing games, and things like that.
カフェでコーヒーを飲んだり、友達と話したりとかしたいです。
I want to drink coffee at a cafe, talk with friends, and so on.
何か食べたいものある？ラーメンとかどう？
Is there anything you want to eat? How about ramen or something?
彼は日本語とか英語とか、色々な言語を話せます。
He can speak various languages like Japanese and English.
ペンとか紙とか、持ってる？
Do you have a pen, paper, or something?
このお店には、お菓子とか飲み物とか、たくさんあります。
This store has many things like sweets and drinks.
休日は家でゆっくりしたり、散歩したりとかしています。
On holidays, I relax at home, go for walks, and so on.
今日の晩ご飯は何にしようか？カレーとかパスタとか？
What should we have for dinner tonight? Curry or pasta or something?
パーティーには、友達とか家族とか、たくさんの人が来ました。
Many people came to the party, like friends and family.
मुहावरे और अभिव्यक्तियाँ
"あれとかこれとか"
That and this kind of things
あれとかこれとか買って、たくさんお金を使っちゃった。
neutral"本とか雑誌とか"
Books, magazines, and so on
週末は本とか雑誌とかを読んで過ごします。
neutral"東京とか大阪とか"
Places like Tokyo and Osaka
日本には東京とか大阪とか、大きな都市がたくさんあります。
neutral"英語とかフランス語とか"
Languages like English and French
彼は英語とかフランス語とか、いくつかの外国語が話せます。
neutral"テレビとかゲームとか"
Things like TV and games
子供はテレビとかゲームとかばかりしている。
neutral"コーヒーとか紅茶とか"
Drinks like coffee and tea
朝食にはコーヒーとか紅茶とか、好きなものを選べます。
neutral"果物とか野菜とか"
Foods like fruits and vegetables
健康のために果物とか野菜とかをたくさん食べましょう。
neutral"歌とかダンスとか"
Activities like singing and dancing
彼女は歌とかダンスとか、色々な才能があります。
neutral"猫とか犬とか"
Animals like cats and dogs
ペットとして猫とか犬とかを飼っている人が多いです。
neutral"学生とか先生とか"
People like students and teachers
この学校には学生とか先生とか、色々な人がいます。
neutralइसे कैसे इस्तेमाल करें
When you want to give a few examples without listing absolutely everything, use 「とか」. It’s a casual way to say “and so on” or “things like.” For example: * 「週末は、映画とか漫画とかを楽しみます。」 (On the weekend, I enjoy movies, manga, and so on.) * 「冷蔵庫に牛乳とか卵とかありますか？」 (Are there things like milk and eggs in the fridge?) Think of it as indicating a non-exhaustive list. It implies there might be other items, but these are just a few examples.
Using 「とか」 for exhaustive lists: If you want to list *everything*, 「とか」 is not appropriate. For a comprehensive list, you would just list the items or use 「と」 if listing two distinct items. Incorrect: * 「私の趣味は、料理とか読書とかです。」 (My hobbies are cooking and reading.) Correct if these are your *only* hobbies: * 「私の趣味は、料理と読書です。」 (My hobbies are cooking and reading.) Correct if you have other hobbies but are just giving examples: * 「私の趣味は、料理とか読書とかです。」 (My hobbies are things like cooking and reading.) Using 「とか」 in very formal situations: 「とか」 is quite casual. While it's common in everyday speech, avoid it in formal writing or speeches. For more formal equivalents, consider 「など」 (e.g., 「牛乳や卵など」 – milk, eggs, etc.).
सुझाव
Basic use of とか
とか (toka) is a particle that means "and so on," "things like," or "for example." It's used to give a non-exhaustive list of items or examples. Think of it as a casual way to say etcetera.
Use with nouns
You can attach とか directly after nouns to list a few examples without needing to list every single item. For instance, 「りんごとかみかんとか」 means "apples and oranges and things like that."
Use with verbs and adjectives
When used with verbs or adjectives, とか comes after the plain form. For example, 「食べるとか寝るとか」 means "eating and sleeping and things like that." Or 「暑いとか寒いとか」 means "hot and cold and things like that."
Casual and informal
とか is generally used in casual and informal conversations. For more formal situations, you might prefer using 〜など (nado) for "etc." or 「〜や〜など」 for lists.
Indicating uncertainty or suggestion
It can also be used to express uncertainty or to make a suggestion. For example, 「映画に行こうとか」 could mean "How about going to the movies or something?"
Asking for examples
You can use とか when asking for examples from someone. For instance, 「どんなスポーツが好きとか？」 means "What kind of sports do you like, or something like that?"
Don't overuse it
While useful, avoid overusing とか. If you are listing only two or three items, simply using 「〜と〜」 (to) or 「〜や〜」 (ya) might be more natural. Use とか when the list is truly non-exhaustive.
Not for exhaustive lists
Remember, とか implies there are other similar items not mentioned. If you intend to provide an exhaustive list (all items are mentioned), とか is not the appropriate particle. Use 「と」 for a comprehensive list of specific items.
Listen for the nuance
Pay attention to how native speakers use とか. The nuance can sometimes be subtle, indicating a casual suggestion or a way to avoid being too direct. It's often used to soften a statement or question, making it sound more approachable.
Practice with simple sentences
Start by practicing with simple sentences. For example, try describing your hobbies: 「私の趣味は本を読むとか、音楽を聴くとかです。」 (My hobbies are reading books, listening to music, and so on.)
शब्द की उत्पत्ति
Old Japanese
मूल अर्थ: と (to) meaning 'and' or 'with', and か (ka) indicating a question or uncertainty. Over time, these combined to form とか, used to list examples in a non-exhaustive way.
Japonicसांस्कृतिक संदर्भ
When using とか, it's a good way to sound more natural and less formal in everyday conversations. It's similar to saying 'etc.' or 'things like' in English, making your speech flow more easily when you're giving examples without needing to be super precise. This particle is really common among friends and in informal settings, helping to make your Japanese sound more native.
अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले सवाल
10 सवालBoth toka and nado mean 'and so on' or 'things like'. The main difference is that toka is often used in more casual speech, while nado is a bit more formal and can be used in both speech and writing. Think of toka as 'stuff like...' and nado as 'etc.'.
Yes, you can! When you use toka with verbs, it creates a non-exhaustive list of actions or states. For example, 「映画を見るとか、本を読むとか、家でゆっくり過ごしたい。」 (I want to watch movies, read books, stuff like that, and just relax at home.)
Not always. While it often connects ideas, toka can sometimes appear at the end of a sentence to give a vague, non-committal feeling, or to imply there are other similar things. For example, 「週末は何するの？」「んー、買い物とか…。」 (What are you doing this weekend? Hmm, shopping, things like that...)
Yes, it can. When used in a question or suggestion, toka softens it and makes it sound less direct. For example, 「お茶とかどうですか？」 (How about some tea or something? - softer than just お茶はどうですか？).
Using toka multiple times emphasizes the non-exhaustive nature of the list and makes it sound even more casual. It's like saying 'this, or that, or something like that.' For example, 「ラーメンとか、カレーとか、何でもいいよ。」 (Ramen, curry, anything is fine.)
While often seen with nouns, toka can be used with nouns, verbs, adjectives, and even clauses. It's quite versatile for listing examples. For example, 「暑いとか、寒いとか、文句ばかり言っている。」 (He's always complaining about it being hot, or cold, things like that.)
Toka is generally considered casual. While not impolite, you might want to use nado in more formal settings or when speaking to someone of higher status.
You should generally avoid toka in formal writing, business communication, or when you need to be very precise and comprehensive in your list. In those cases, nado or a more explicit listing might be better.
Yes, 'or something' is a very common and accurate translation for toka, especially when it's used to give a few examples and imply there are others. It perfectly captures the casual and non-exhaustive feel.
It's pronounced with a 'toh' sound (like in 'toe') and a 'kah' sound (like in 'car' but shorter). So, 'toh-kah'.
खुद को परखो 96 सवाल
私は果物が好きです。りんご___、みかん___。
「とか」は「〜とか、〜とか」の形で、いくつかの例を挙げる時に使います。
週末は映画を見たり、本を読んだり___しました。
「〜たり、〜たりとか」の形で、具体的な行動の例を挙げ、それ以外にもあったことを示唆します。
机の上に鉛筆___、消しゴム___があります。
「〜とか、〜とか」で複数の例を挙げ、「他にも」という意味合いを含みます。
休みの日は、買い物に行ったり、友達と会ったり___過ごします。
「〜たり、〜たりとか」の形で、いくつかの行動の例を挙げて「〜など」という意味になります。
好きな食べ物は何ですか。ラーメン___、寿司___好きです。
「〜とか、〜とか」で、好きな食べ物の例をいくつか挙げることができます。
かばんの中に教科書___、ノート___が入っています。
「〜とか、〜とか」は、中身の例を挙げる際に使います。
This is a pencil and an eraser, etc.
I like cats, dogs, etc.
Can you speak Japanese, English, etc.?
Read this aloud:
これは本とかノートです。
Focus: とか (toka)
तुमने कहा:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
果物とか野菜を食べます。
Focus: とか (toka)
तुमने कहा:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
コーヒーとかお茶を飲みます。
Focus: とか (toka)
तुमने कहा:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Write a short sentence listing 2-3 things you like to eat for breakfast, using 「とか」. For example: 「パンとかフルーツを食べます。」
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
私はパンとかたまごを食べます。(I eat bread and eggs, etc.)
Imagine you are going to a friend's house. Write a short sentence about what you might bring, using 「とか」. For example: 「飲み物とかお菓子を持っていきます。」
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
ジュースとかケーキを持っていきます。(I'll bring juice and cake, etc.)
Write a sentence describing what you do on your day off, using 「とか」 to list a few activities. For example: 「本を読んだりとか、映画を見たりします。」
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
私はテレビを見たりとか、散歩したりします。(I watch TV and take walks, etc.)
What do the children play with in the park?
Read this passage:
公園で、子供たちはボールとかおもちゃで遊びます。犬も走っています。
What do the children play with in the park?
The passage states 「子供たちはボールとかおもちゃで遊びます。」, which means 'Children play with balls and toys, etc.'
The passage states 「子供たちはボールとかおもちゃで遊びます。」, which means 'Children play with balls and toys, etc.'
What did Mr. Tanaka do on the weekend?
Read this passage:
週末、田中さんは買い物とか映画を見に行きました。とても楽しかったです。
What did Mr. Tanaka do on the weekend?
The passage says 「田中さんは買い物とか映画を見に行きました。」, meaning 'Mr. Tanaka went shopping and watched movies, etc.'
The passage says 「田中さんは買い物とか映画を見に行きました。」, meaning 'Mr. Tanaka went shopping and watched movies, etc.'
What kind of things are in the room?
Read this passage:
私の部屋には、本とかペンとかがあります。机の上は少し散らかっています。
What kind of things are in the room?
The sentence 「私の部屋には、本とかペンとかがあります。」 indicates that there are books, pens, and similar items in the room.
The sentence 「私の部屋には、本とかペンとかがあります。」 indicates that there are books, pens, and similar items in the room.
週末は映画を見たり、本を読んだり___しました。(Shūmatsu wa eiga o mitari, hon o yondari ___ shimashita.)
The particle とか (toka) is used here to indicate a non-exhaustive list of activities, meaning 'things like watching movies, reading books, and so on.'
カフェでコーヒー___ケーキを食べました。(Kafe de kōhī ___ kēki o tabemashita.)
In this context, とか (toka) is used to list items in a non-exhaustive way, implying 'coffee, cake, and similar things.'
好きな食べ物はりんご___バナナです。(Sukina tabemono wa ringo ___ banana desu.)
とか (toka) is used to give a few examples without listing everything, like 'apples, bananas, and so on.'
お土産にお菓子___お茶を買いました。(Omiyage ni okashi ___ ocha o kaimashita.)
とか (toka) is appropriate here to suggest 'sweets, tea, and other similar souvenirs.'
休日は公園を散歩したり、カフェに行ったり___楽しいです。(Kyūjitsu wa kōen o sanpo shitari, kafe ni ittari ___ tanoshii desu.)
This sentence uses とか (toka) to mean 'things like walking in the park, going to cafes, and so on' as enjoyable activities.
パーティーでジュース___ビールを飲みました。(Pātī de jūsu ___ bīru o nomimashita.)
とか (toka) here indicates a non-exhaustive list of drinks, meaning 'juice, beer, and other similar beverages.'
Choose the best English translation for: 「パンとか、牛乳とか、買いました。」
「とか」is used to give examples, implying there might be other items not mentioned.
Which sentence correctly uses 「とか」 to list examples of hobbies?
「とか」is often used after each item in a non-exhaustive list, followed by です.
What is the most natural way to say: 'I like fruit like apples and oranges.' in Japanese?
「とか」is used to list specific examples (apples, oranges) that fall under a general category (fruit).
「本とか、雑誌とか、机の上にあります。」 means 'There are books, magazines, etc. on the desk.'
「とか」 indicates that the list of items (books, magazines) is not exhaustive.
「週末は映画とか、友達と会うとかします。」 implies that these are the only two things the speaker will do on the weekend.
「とか」 suggests a non-exhaustive list, meaning there might be other activities not mentioned.
You can use 「とか」 to connect two specific items in a definite, exhaustive list.
「とか」 implies a non-exhaustive list or examples, not a complete or definite list.
What do you do on weekends?
Do you like fruits?
What animals do you like?
Read this aloud:
週末は、本を読んだり、ゲームをしたりとかします。
Focus: とか
तुमने कहा:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
お弁当には、おにぎりとか卵焼きとかが入っています。
Focus: とか
तुमने कहा:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
デパートで、服とか靴とか見ました。
Focus: とか
तुमने कहा:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
List 3-4 things you do on a typical weekend using 'とか'.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
週末は、映画を見たりとか、友達と会ったりとかします。 (Shūmatsu wa, eiga o mitari toka, tomodachi to attari toka shimasu.)
Imagine you're listing things you need to buy for a party. Write 3-4 items using 'とか'.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
パーティーのために、飲み物とか、お菓子とか、果物とか買います。(Pātī no tame ni, nomimono toka, okashi toka, kudamono toka kaimasu.)
Describe 3-4 things you like to eat for breakfast, using 'とか'.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
朝ごはんは、パンとか、卵とか、ヨーグルトとか食べます。(Asagohan wa, pan toka, tamago toka, yōguruto toka tabemasu.)
What does the speaker do on their days off, according to the passage?
Read this passage:
休みの日は、本を読んだりとか、公園を散歩したりとかします。 (Yasumi no hi wa, hon o yondari toka, kōen o sanpo shitari toka shimasu.)
What does the speaker do on their days off, according to the passage?
The particle 'とか' indicates that reading books and walking in the park are examples, but not the complete list of activities.
The particle 'とか' indicates that reading books and walking in the park are examples, but not the complete list of activities.
Which of the following best describes his favorite foods?
Read this passage:
彼のお気に入りの食べ物は、ラーメンとか、寿司とかです。(Kare no okiniiri no tabemono wa, rāmen toka, sushi toka desu.)
Which of the following best describes his favorite foods?
'とか' implies that ramen and sushi are examples of his favorite foods, and there might be others.
'とか' implies that ramen and sushi are examples of his favorite foods, and there might be others.
What is the speaker planning to do next week?
Read this passage:
来週の予定は、友達と会ったりとか、買い物に行ったりとかするつもりです。(Raishū no yotei wa, tomodachi to attari toka, kaimono ni ittari toka suru tsumori desu.)
What is the speaker planning to do next week?
The use of 'とか' suggests that meeting friends and going shopping are some examples of the speaker's plans for next week, but not necessarily the only ones.
The use of 'とか' suggests that meeting friends and going shopping are some examples of the speaker's plans for next week, but not necessarily the only ones.
週末は映画を見たり、買い物に行ったり___しました。
「とか」は、いくつかの例を挙げて、他にもあることを示すときに使います。
彼の部屋には本___、CD___、ゲーム___がたくさんあります。
「とか」を繰り返すことで、例を複数挙げることができます。
好きな食べ物は何ですか？ ラーメン___、お寿司___、お好み焼き___。
質問に対する答えとして、いくつかの例を挙げる際にも「とか」は使えます。
プレゼンテーションの準備で、資料作成___、発表練習___、色々と忙しいです。
複数の具体的な活動を例として挙げる際に「とか」を使います。
旅行に持っていくもの？ 服___、洗面用具___、充電器___かな。
例示するアイテムを羅列するときに「とか」が適切です。
最近、日本語の勉強で、漢字の練習___、文法の復習___をしています。
学習内容の例を挙げる際に「とか」を使用します。
What did they do on the weekend?
What kind of hobbies are mentioned?
What should they bring for the trip?
Read this aloud:
休みの日は何をしますか？
Focus: kyu-mi no hi wa nani o shimasu ka?
तुमने कहा:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
好きな食べ物は何ですか？
Focus: suki na tabemono wa nan desu ka?
तुमने कहा:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
日本でどこに行きたいですか？
Focus: nihon de doko ni ikitai desu ka?
तुमने कहा:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
This sentence means 'I like fruits and vegetables, among other things.' The 'とか' particle indicates a non-exhaustive list.
This sentence means 'On weekends, I watch movies, read books, and so on.' 'とか' is used to give examples of activities.
This sentence means 'For the trip, don't forget your passport, airline ticket, and so on.' It's a reminder of key items.
週末は映画を見たり、本を読んだり、___していました。
The particle 'とか' (or its more polite form 'など') can follow verbs in their 'ta-form' + 'ri' to list activities in a non-exhaustive way. The pattern is [verb]たり、[verb]たり、など/とか。
私の趣味は音楽を聴くこと___、絵を描くこと___、色々あります。
'とか' is used to list examples in a non-exhaustive way. When listing multiple items, you can use 'とか' after each item.
会議には部長___、課長___、たくさんの人が参加しました。
Similar to listing activities, 'とか' can also be used to list examples of people or things. The repetition of 'とか' emphasizes the non-exhaustive nature of the list.
カフェではコーヒー___、紅茶___、ジュースがあります。
'とか' is suitable for listing a few examples of available items, implying there might be more but these are a few prominent ones.
休日は公園を散歩したり、カフェで本を読んだり、___しています。
Maintaining the 'たり…たりする' pattern for listing non-exhaustive actions. The verb should be in its 'ta-form' + 'ri'.
プレゼントにはお菓子___、文房具___、何か喜んでもらえるものがいいですね。
Using 'とか' to suggest a few gift ideas, implying the list is not complete and there could be other options.
What did they do on the weekend?
What kind of Japanese food are they asking about?
What items are being mentioned as important for a trip?
Read this aloud:
休みの日は、本を読むとか、散歩するとかしてリラックスしています。
Focus: とか
तुमने कहा:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
パーティーには、ジュースとかお菓子とか持ってきてください。
Focus: とか
तुमने कहा:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
将来は、海外で働くとか、自分のビジネスを始めるとか、色々な夢があります。
Focus: とか
तुमने कहा:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
彼女は週末に映画を見たり、本を読んだり、___。
The particle 'とか' indicates a non-exhaustive list of examples. The sentence structure '〜たり、〜たりする' is used to list a few examples of actions or states, implying there may be others. '散歩したりします' fits the pattern and context.
休日は家でゲームをしたり、料理を作ったり___。
The phrase '〜たりすることがあります' expresses that one sometimes does certain things, listing a few examples. This fits the context of mentioning activities on holidays.
会議では、新しい企画について、予算のこと___、いくつか議論すべき点がある。
'とか' is used here to provide a non-exhaustive list of discussion points, such as 'budget' ('予算のこと'). The other options do not fit the meaning of listing examples.
最近、ストレスが溜まっていて、食欲がなかったり、眠れなかったり___。
'〜しがちです' expresses a tendency to do or be in a certain state. Here, it indicates a tendency to experience symptoms like loss of appetite or difficulty sleeping due to stress.
この映画はアクション___、コメディ___、色々なジャンルが楽しめる。
Using 'とか' between listed items emphasizes that these are just examples of the genres available, implying there might be more. This creates a non-exhaustive list.
彼の意見は、時々極端だったり、矛盾していたり___。
The '〜たりする' pattern is used to list examples of characteristics or behaviors. 'する' is the plain present form, which is appropriate for describing general tendencies or occurrences.
Choose the most appropriate word to complete the sentence: 週末は映画を観る___、友達と食事に行くのが好きです。
「とか」is used here to give examples of things liked on weekends without listing everything. The other options don't fit the context of providing examples.
Which sentence uses 「とか」correctly to give examples?
「とか」is used to list non-exhaustive examples. In this sentence, it lists examples of languages she can speak. The other options use 「とか」incorrectly.
Select the sentence where 「とか」implies a non-exhaustive list.
This sentence uses 「とか」to give examples of sports he's good at, implying there might be others. The other options use 「とか」to introduce a reason or a reported statement, not a list of examples.
The sentence 「今日の夜ご飯はカレーとか、ラーメンとか、何にしようかな。」implies that the speaker is considering only curry and ramen for dinner.
「とか」suggests a non-exhaustive list, so the speaker is considering curry and ramen, but also potentially other options.
In the phrase 「旅行にはカメラとか、地図とか、必要なものが多い。」, 「とか」indicates that camera and map are the only necessary items.
「とか」is used to give examples, implying there are other necessary items beyond just a camera and a map.
「週末は友達と遊ぶとか、本を読むとかして過ごします。」correctly uses 「とか」to list examples of activities.
This sentence correctly uses 「とか」to provide examples of how the speaker spends their weekend, implying there might be other activities too.
Imagine you're planning a weekend trip with friends. Write a short message to them suggesting some activities you could do, using 'とか' at least once to give examples. (e.g., '温泉に行くとか、美味しいものを食べるとか')
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
週末の旅行、楽しみだね！温泉に行くとか、美味しいものを食べるとか、何かしたいことある？
You're describing a busy day at work/school. Write a few sentences about the things you had to do, using 'とか' to list a couple of non-exhaustive examples. (e.g., '会議に出るとか、メールの返信とか')
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
今日は一日中忙しかったよ。会議に出るとか、たくさんのメールの返信とか、やることが山積みだった。
You're giving advice to someone who wants to improve their Japanese. Write a few suggestions, using 'とか' to list different study methods. (e.g., '日本のドラマを見るとか、日本人と話すとか')
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
日本語を上達させるには、日本のドラマを見るとか、日本人と話すとか、色々な方法があるよ。
筆者が健康のために試していることとして、挙げられていないものはどれですか？
Read this passage:
最近、健康のために色々なことを試しています。例えば、朝早く起きて散歩するとか、栄養バランスの取れた食事をするとか、適度な運動をするとか、ですね。でも、一番大切なのは継続することだと感じています。
筆者が健康のために試していることとして、挙げられていないものはどれですか？
本文中には「朝早く起きて散歩するとか、栄養バランスの取れた食事をするとか、適度な運動をするとか」とあり、「十分な睡眠」は挙げられていません。
本文中には「朝早く起きて散歩するとか、栄養バランスの取れた食事をするとか、適度な運動をするとか」とあり、「十分な睡眠」は挙げられていません。
この人が週末に家でしていることとして、本文中で言及されていないのはどれですか？
Read this passage:
週末は家で過ごすことが多いです。映画を観るとか、本を読むとか、料理をするとか、好きなことをしてリラックスしています。たまには友達と出かけることもありますが、基本的にはのんびり過ごしたいタイプです。
この人が週末に家でしていることとして、本文中で言及されていないのはどれですか？
本文中には「映画を観るとか、本を読むとか、料理をするとか」とあり、「ガーデニング」は言及されていません。
本文中には「映画を観るとか、本を読むとか、料理をするとか」とあり、「ガーデニング」は言及されていません。
筆者が興味を持っている新しい趣味として、本文中で具体的に挙げられているものは何ですか？
Read this passage:
新しい趣味を始めたいと思っています。例えば、写真を撮るとか、絵を描くとか、楽器を弾くとか、色々なことに興味があります。まずは手軽に始められるものから試してみたいです。
筆者が興味を持っている新しい趣味として、本文中で具体的に挙げられているものは何ですか？
本文中には「写真を撮るとか、絵を描くとか、楽器を弾くとか」とあり、写真撮影が具体的に挙げられています。
本文中には「写真を撮るとか、絵を描くとか、楽器を弾くとか」とあり、写真撮影が具体的に挙げられています。
This sentence means 'He likes to read books of various genres, such as novels and poetry.' 'とか' is used to list examples in a non-exhaustive way.
This sentence means 'I spent the weekend watching movies, meeting friends, and so on.' 'とか' is used to give a few examples of activities.
This sentence means 'As preparation for the presentation, I have many things to do, such as creating materials and practicing.' 'とか' lists examples of tasks.
/ 96 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
とか is a handy particle for giving examples without needing to list every single item.
- Use とか to give examples without listing everything.
- It's like saying 'and so on' or 'things like'.
- It makes your list non-exhaustive.
Basic use of とか
とか (toka) is a particle that means "and so on," "things like," or "for example." It's used to give a non-exhaustive list of items or examples. Think of it as a casual way to say etcetera.
Use with nouns
You can attach とか directly after nouns to list a few examples without needing to list every single item. For instance, 「りんごとかみかんとか」 means "apples and oranges and things like that."
Use with verbs and adjectives
When used with verbs or adjectives, とか comes after the plain form. For example, 「食べるとか寝るとか」 means "eating and sleeping and things like that." Or 「暑いとか寒いとか」 means "hot and cold and things like that."
Casual and informal
とか is generally used in casual and informal conversations. For more formal situations, you might prefer using 〜など (nado) for "etc." or 「〜や〜など」 for lists.
संबंधित सामग्री
संबंधित मुहावरे
general के और शब्द
いくつか
B1An unspecified small number of things; some, a few.
ちょっと
A2A little; a moment; a bit. Small amount or short time.
すこし
A2A little; a few.
さっき
A2A little while ago; a short time past.
能力
A1Nouryoku refers to the mental or physical power, skill, or capacity required to perform a specific task or function. It can describe both innate talent and skills acquired through learning and practice.
異常
A1A word used to describe something that deviates from the normal state, standard, or expected pattern. It often implies a problem, malfunction, or an extraordinary occurrence that requires attention or investigation.
～について
A2About, concerning; indicates topic.
〜について
B1About, concerning; on the subject of.
～ぐらい
A2about, approximately
ぐらい
A2About; approximately; to the extent of.
