When using 지금까지, consider the nuance of its usage. It often implies a continuous action or state that started in the past and extends to the present moment. For example, if you say 지금까지 한국어를 공부했어요 (I have studied Korean until now), it suggests that your Korean studies began at some point in the past and are still ongoing or have only very recently concluded.
It can also be used to summarize achievements or experiences up to the current point, like 지금까지 최고의 경험이었어요 (It was the best experience until now). While similar to expressions like 'so far', 지금까지 emphasizes the journey or duration leading up to the present. Be mindful of the context to convey whether the action is truly ongoing or has just reached its culmination.
§ Understanding '지금까지'
The Korean adverb '지금까지' (ji-geum-kka-ji) literally means 'until now' or 'up to the present.' It's a combination of '지금' (ji-geum), meaning 'now,' and '까지' (kka-ji), meaning 'until' or 'up to.'
You'll often hear and see '지금까지' when someone is talking about a period of time that started in the past and continues right up to the current moment. It can be used in various contexts, from describing how long you've been doing something to how much you've accomplished.
- Korean Word
- 지금까지
- Pronunciation
- ji-geum-kka-ji
- Part of Speech
- Adverb
- CEFR Level
- A2
- Definition
- Until now, up to the present.
§ How to use '지금까지' in sentences
'지금까지' is quite straightforward to use. As an adverb, it typically modifies a verb or an adjective, indicating that the action or state has continued up to the present moment. You can place it at the beginning of a sentence, before the verb, or sometimes even after the subject, depending on what you want to emphasize.
Here are some common ways to use '지금까지':
- To talk about duration: When you want to say how long something has been happening.
- To express completion or achievement: When you're talking about what has been done or achieved so far.
- To make comparisons: When you're comparing the present situation to previous times.
§ Examples of '지금까지' in action
지금까지 잘 지냈어요?
- Translation hint
- Have you been doing well until now?
This is a common greeting, especially if you haven't seen someone in a while. It asks about their well-being from the last time you met up to the present.
저는 지금까지 한국어를 공부하고 있어요.
- Translation hint
- I have been studying Korean until now (and still am).
Here, '지금까지' emphasizes the continuous action of studying Korean from some point in the past to the present moment.
지금까지 먹어본 음식 중에 제일 맛있어요.
- Translation hint
- Among the food I've eaten until now, this is the most delicious.
This sentence uses '지금까지' to establish a timeframe for comparison – all the food eaten up to the present moment.
그는 지금까지 한 번도 거짓말을 한 적이 없어요.
- Translation hint
- He has never lied until now.
Here, '지금까지' emphasizes that throughout his life, up to the present, he has maintained a truthful character.
우리는 지금까지 5년 동안 함께 일했어요.
- Translation hint
- We have worked together for 5 years until now.
This sentence uses '지금까지' to clearly state the duration of their working relationship, implying it's still ongoing or just recently ended.
§ Related phrases
While '지금까지' is specific to 'until now,' you might encounter similar phrases that express duration:
- **그동안 (geu-dong-an):** 'During that time' or 'meanwhile.' This is used when referring to a past period.
- **아직 (a-jik):** 'Still' or 'yet.' This often implies that something is ongoing or has not happened by now.
- **계속 (gye-sok):** 'Continuously' or 'still.' This emphasizes the continuous nature of an action.
उच्चारण मार्गदर्शिका
- Mispronouncing the 'kk' sound as a single 'k' (it's a tensed, double consonant).
- Failing to aspirate the 'ch' sound at the beginning of '지금' (ji-geum).
कठिनाई स्तर
short
short
short
short
आगे क्या सीखें
पूर्वापेक्षाएँ
आगे सीखें
उन्नत
स्तर के अनुसार उदाहरण
지금까지 뭐 했어?
What have you done until now?
지금까지 잘 지냈어요?
Have you been well until now?
지금까지 다섯 권의 책을 읽었어요.
I have read five books up to the present.
지금까지 한국에 세 번 갔어요.
I have been to Korea three times until now.
지금까지 너를 기다렸어.
I've waited for you until now.
지금까지 비가 왔어요.
It has rained until now.
지금까지 이 영화를 세 번 봤어요.
I have seen this movie three times up to now.
지금까지 피곤해요.
I am tired until now (still tired).
저는 지금까지 한국어를 2년 동안 배웠어요.
I have been learning Korean for two years until now.
A common construction with 'until now' to indicate duration.
지금까지 한 번도 늦은 적이 없어요.
I have never been late even once up to now.
Used with '한 번도 ~ 적이 없다' for 'never... even once'.
그 영화는 지금까지 제가 본 영화 중에 최고였어요.
That movie was the best among the movies I've seen until now.
Expresses 'the best among things experienced up to now'.
지금까지는 모든 것이 순조로웠어요.
Everything has been smooth up to now.
Indicates a current state or situation.
저는 지금까지 잊을 수 없는 추억이 많아요.
I have many unforgettable memories until now.
Refers to a collection of past experiences.
이것이 지금까지 발견된 가장 오래된 유물입니다.
This is the oldest artifact discovered up to now.
Used to emphasize a superlative based on current knowledge.
지금까지 이 문제에 대한 해결책을 찾지 못했어요.
We haven't found a solution to this problem until now.
Indicates a lack of progress on a current issue.
그는 지금까지 그의 꿈을 포기하지 않았어요.
He hasn't given up on his dream until now.
Highlights persistence over a period of time.
지금까지 우리는 많은 어려움을 극복했습니다.
Until now, we have overcome many difficulties.
그는 지금까지 한 번도 지각한 적이 없습니다.
He has never been late until now.
지금까지의 연구 결과에 따르면, 이 방법이 가장 효과적입니다.
According to the research results until now, this method is the most effective.
그녀는 지금까지 자신의 꿈을 이루기 위해 끊임없이 노력했습니다.
She has consistently strived to achieve her dreams up to the present.
지금까지 이런 맛은 처음이야!
This is the first time I've tasted something like this until now!
지금까지 쌓아온 경험을 바탕으로 새로운 도전을 시작할 것입니다.
Based on the experience accumulated until now, I will start a new challenge.
지금까지의 노력들이 헛되지 않기를 바랍니다.
I hope that all the efforts until now were not in vain.
지금까지는 괜찮지만, 앞으로 어떻게 될지는 모르겠습니다.
Up to now, it's fine, but I don't know what will happen in the future.
सामान्य शब्द संयोजन
सामान्य वाक्यांश
지금까지 잘 지냈어요?
Have you been well until now?
저는 지금까지 한국에 살고 있어요.
I have been living in Korea until now.
지금까지 이런 맛은 처음이야.
This is the first time I've tasted something like this until now.
지금까지 수고 많으셨습니다.
You've worked hard until now. (formal, polite)
그는 지금까지 아무 말도 하지 않았어요.
He hasn't said anything until now.
지금까지는 괜찮아요.
It's fine until now.
지금까지 본 영화 중에 최고였어요.
It was the best movie I've seen until now.
지금까지 계획대로 진행되고 있어요.
It's progressing according to the plan until now.
지금까지 기다려주셔서 감사합니다.
Thank you for waiting until now.
저는 지금까지 한 번도 해외여행을 가본 적이 없어요.
I have never traveled abroad until now.
अक्सर इससे भ्रम होता है
'지금' means 'now', a specific point in time. '지금까지' extends that point into a duration up to 'now'.
'까지' is a particle meaning 'until' or 'to'. When combined with '지금' (now), it forms 'until now'.
'동안' means 'during' or 'for a period of time'. While similar in meaning to 'until now' when used to describe duration, '지금까지' specifically anchors the duration to the present moment.
आसानी से भ्रमित होने वाले
Both '지금까지' and '아직' relate to time and present state. '아직' means 'still' or 'not yet', often implying an expectation for change.
'지금까지' describes a duration up to the present, while '아직' describes a state that is ongoing or a task not completed yet.
저는 아직 숙제를 안 했어요. (I haven't done my homework yet.)
Both refer to the present or a point in time. '이제' means 'now' or 'from now on', often indicating a new beginning or a change.
'지금까지' looks back from the present, while '이제' looks forward from the present.
이제 시작합시다. (Let's start now.)
Both can imply something has happened up to the present. '벌써' means 'already' and expresses surprise or that something happened sooner than expected.
'지금까지' is neutral about the timing, just stating the duration. '벌써' carries an emotional nuance about the timing.
벌써 12시예요? (It's 12 o'clock already?)
Both refer to a period of time. '그동안' means 'during that time' or 'in the meantime', usually referring to a past period.
'지금까지' specifically means 'until now'. '그동안' refers to a past duration, not necessarily ending at the present.
그동안 잘 지내셨어요? (Have you been doing well during that time? - referring to a past period)
Both relate to past time. '이전에' means 'before' or 'previously', referring to a point or period before the current time.
'지금까지' is about the duration up to the present. '이전에' is about something that happened at some point in the past, without necessarily continuing to the present.
이전에 한국에 가본 적이 있어요. (I've been to Korea before.)
खुद को परखो 42 सवाल
Translate this sentence into Korean: "I have studied Korean until now."
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
저는 지금까지 한국어를 공부했어요.
Complete the sentence in Korean: "_______ 저는 여기에 살아요." (Until now, I live here.)
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
지금까지 저는 여기에 살아요.
Write a short sentence in Korean using '지금까지' to say you have liked something up to now.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
저는 지금까지 이 책을 좋아했어요.
Where has the speaker lived until now?
Read this passage:
안녕하세요! 저는 한국 사람이에요. 지금까지 한국에서 살았어요. 한국 음식을 좋아해요.
Where has the speaker lived until now?
The passage says, '지금까지 한국에서 살았어요.' which means 'I have lived in Korea until now.'
The passage says, '지금까지 한국에서 살았어요.' which means 'I have lived in Korea until now.'
What has the person been doing until now?
Read this passage:
저는 학생이에요. 지금까지 학교에 다녔어요. 내일도 학교에 갈 거예요.
What has the person been doing until now?
The passage states, '지금까지 학교에 다녔어요.' meaning 'I have attended school until now.'
The passage states, '지금까지 학교에 다녔어요.' meaning 'I have attended school until now.'
What was the weather like until now?
Read this passage:
지금까지 비가 왔어요. 이제 비가 안 와요. 날씨가 좋아요.
What was the weather like until now?
The first sentence says, '지금까지 비가 왔어요.' which translates to 'It rained until now.'
The first sentence says, '지금까지 비가 왔어요.' which translates to 'It rained until now.'
저는 ___ 한국어를 공부했어요. (I have studied Korean until now.)
'지금까지' means 'until now' and fits the context of studying Korean up to the present.
___ 잘 지내셨어요? (Have you been well until now?)
'지금까지' is used to ask about someone's well-being up to the current moment.
이 영화는 ___ 재미있었어요. (This movie has been interesting until now.)
'지금까지' indicates that the movie has maintained its interesting quality up to the present viewing.
___ 저는 한국에 가본 적이 없어요. (Until now, I have never been to Korea.)
'지금까지' is used to express an experience or lack thereof up to the present moment.
___ 이 책을 다 읽지 못했어요. (Until now, I haven't finished reading this book.)
'지금까지' indicates that the action of finishing the book has not been completed up to the present.
___ 무엇을 배우셨어요? (What have you learned until now?)
'지금까지' asks about accumulated learning up to the current point in time.
저는 ___ 한국어를 배우고 있어요. (I've been learning Korean ___.)
지금까지 (until now) fits the context of continuously learning Korean up to the present.
___ 그런 문제에 부딪힌 적이 없어요. (I haven't encountered such a problem ___.)
지금까지 (until now) indicates that the speaker has not faced that problem before, up to the present moment.
그는 ___ 약속을 잘 지켜왔어요. (He has kept his promises well ___.)
지금까지 (until now) implies a consistent action of keeping promises up to the present.
저는 ___ 서울에 살고 있어요. (I've been living in Seoul ___.)
지금까지 (until now) suggests a continuous period of living in Seoul up to the present time.
그 프로젝트는 ___ 잘 진행되고 있습니다. (That project has been going well ___.)
지금까지 (until now) indicates that the project has been progressing successfully up to the current moment.
___ 이 영화를 여러 번 봤어요. (I've watched this movie many times ___.)
지금까지 (until now) implies that the action of watching the movie multiple times has occurred up to the present.
The adverb '지금까지' (until now) typically comes after the subject and before the verb in a sentence.
'지금까지' (until now) often modifies a phrase like '읽은' (read), meaning 'the most interesting book I've read until now'.
'지금까지' (until now) is placed before the negative verb phrase '돌아오지 않았어요' (has not returned).
다음 중 '지금까지'가 가장 자연스럽게 사용된 문장은?
'지금까지'는 과거부터 현재까지의 지속 또는 상태를 나타내므로, '보지 않았어요'와 함께 쓰여 '아직 보지 않았다'는 의미를 나타내는 것이 가장 자연스럽습니다.
친구에게 '그동안 잘 지냈니?'라고 묻고 싶을 때, '그동안' 대신 사용할 수 있는 표현은?
'지금까지'는 과거부터 현재까지의 기간을 나타내므로, '그동안'과 비슷한 맥락에서 사용될 수 있습니다.
문장 '그는 ___ 한 번도 거짓말을 한 적이 없다.'에 가장 적절한 단어는?
'지금까지'는 특정 시점까지의 경험이나 상태를 나타내므로, '한 번도 거짓말을 한 적이 없다'는 내용과 잘 어울립니다.
'지금까지'는 미래에 대한 계획을 이야기할 때 주로 사용된다.
'지금까지'는 과거부터 현재까지를 의미하므로, 미래에 대한 계획보다는 현재까지의 경험이나 상황을 설명할 때 사용됩니다.
'지금까지'는 어떤 일이 시작된 이후 현재까지 계속되고 있음을 강조할 때 쓸 수 있다.
'지금까지'는 어떤 사건이나 상황이 과거 특정 시점부터 현재까지 이어지고 있음을 나타내는 데 효과적입니다.
누군가에게 감사의 말을 전할 때, '지금까지 정말 감사했습니다'라고 표현하는 것은 부자연스럽다.
'지금까지 정말 감사했습니다'는 과거부터 현재까지 받은 도움이나 감사에 대해 표현하는 자연스러운 한국어 문장입니다.
This sentence means: 'He has continuously strived towards his dream until now.' The order follows a typical Korean sentence structure of Subject-Object-Verb, with adverbs placed appropriately.
This sentence means: 'This project has faced many difficulties until now, but it will ultimately succeed.' The structure emphasizes the 'until now' aspect of the difficulties.
This sentence means: 'She has faced the most difficult challenge among the things she has experienced until now.' The phrase '지금까지 경험했던 것들 중' (among the things experienced until now) functions as a modifier.
그 프로젝트는 ____ 계속 지연되고 있습니다.
The sentence means 'That project has been continuously delayed until now.' '지금까지' fits perfectly to convey 'until now'.
저는 ____ 이 문제를 해결하기 위해 최선을 다했습니다.
The sentence means 'I have done my best to solve this problem until now.' '지금까지' expresses the duration up to the present.
그들은 ____ 어떤 합의에도 도달하지 못했습니다.
The sentence means 'They haven't reached any agreement until now.' '지금까지' indicates the lack of agreement up to the present moment.
____ 그의 노력은 결실을 맺지 못했다.
The sentence means 'His efforts haven't borne fruit until now.' '지금까지' emphasizes the ongoing lack of results.
이 연구는 ____ 많은 사람들에게 영향을 미쳤다.
The sentence means 'This research has influenced many people until now.' '지금까지' highlights the lasting impact of the research.
저는 ____ 그런 황당한 이야기를 들어본 적이 없습니다.
The sentence means 'I have never heard such an absurd story until now.' '지금까지' reinforces the idea of 'never' up to the present point.
/ 42 correct
Perfect score!
उदाहरण
지금까지 잘 지내셨어요?
संबंधित सामग्री
यह शब्द अन्य भाषाओं में
general के और शब्द
몇몇
A2An unspecified small number of; some or a few.
조금
A1A little/a bit
적게
A1A little / Few
약간
A2A little; slightly; somewhat.
많이
A1A lot/much
잠시
A2For a moment; briefly.
잠깐
A2For a short time; a moment.
아까
A2A little while ago, earlier.
대해
A2About, concerning.
~에 대해서
A2Concerning or regarding a particular subject; about.
