Passive of the 2nd Person (Kamu/Anda)
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
When using the passive voice with 'kamu' or 'anda', place the pronoun directly before the verb without 'oleh'.
- Use 'di-' prefix for the verb: 'Buku itu dibaca kamu.'
- No 'oleh' needed for 2nd person: 'Surat itu anda tulis.'
- Keep the object at the front: 'Makanan itu kamu makan.'
Second Person Passive Formation
| Object | Passive Verb | Pronoun | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Buku
|
dibaca
|
anda
|
Buku itu anda baca.
|
|
Kerja
|
disiapkan
|
kamu
|
Kerja itu kamu siapkan.
|
|
Surat
|
ditulis
|
anda
|
Surat itu anda tulis.
|
|
Pintu
|
dikunci
|
kamu
|
Pintu itu kamu kunci.
|
|
Laporan
|
dihantar
|
anda
|
Laporan itu anda hantar.
|
|
Kek
|
dibuat
|
kamu
|
Kek itu kamu buat.
|
Meanings
This structure allows you to focus on the object being acted upon by the second person, common in formal instructions or polite requests.
Direct Instruction
Giving a task or command politely.
“Tugas ini kamu selesaikan sekarang.”
“Borang itu anda isi dengan lengkap.”
Passive Observation
Describing an action performed by the listener.
“Buku itu anda baca semalam?”
“Kek ini kamu buat?”
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Affirmative
|
Object + di-Verb + Pronoun
|
Buku itu anda baca.
|
|
Negative
|
Object + tidak + di-Verb + Pronoun
|
Buku itu tidak anda baca.
|
|
Question
|
Object + di-Verb + Pronoun + ?
|
Buku itu anda baca?
|
|
Future
|
Object + akan + di-Verb + Pronoun
|
Buku itu akan anda baca.
|
|
Perfect
|
Object + sudah + di-Verb + Pronoun
|
Buku itu sudah anda baca.
|
|
Imperative
|
di-Verb + Pronoun + Object
|
Dibaca oleh anda buku itu (Incorrect - use standard form)
|
औपचारिकता का स्तर
Tugas itu anda siapkan. (Workplace instruction)
Tugas itu kamu siapkan. (Workplace instruction)
Siapkan tugas itu! (Workplace instruction)
Settled kan tugas tu! (Workplace instruction)
Passive Voice Components
Pronouns
- Anda You (formal)
- Kamu You (informal)
Verb Prefix
- di- passive marker
स्तर के अनुसार उदाहरण
Buku itu anda baca.
The book is read by you.
Nasi itu kamu makan.
The rice is eaten by you.
Surat itu anda tulis.
The letter is written by you.
Air itu kamu minum.
The water is drunk by you.
Kerja rumah itu kamu siapkan.
The homework is finished by you.
Pintu itu anda kunci.
The door is locked by you.
Lampu itu kamu tutup.
The light is turned off by you.
Baju itu anda basuh.
The clothes are washed by you.
Laporan itu anda hantar esok.
The report is submitted by you tomorrow.
Keputusan itu kamu fikirkan dulu.
The decision is thought about by you first.
Maklumat itu anda semak semula.
The information is checked again by you.
Cadangan itu kamu pertimbangkan.
The suggestion is considered by you.
Projek ini anda uruskan dengan teliti.
This project is managed by you carefully.
Syarat-syarat itu anda patuhi.
The terms are complied with by you.
Analisis ini anda buat sendiri.
This analysis is done by you yourself.
Peraturan ini anda fahami sepenuhnya.
These rules are understood by you fully.
Strategi tersebut anda laksanakan dengan berkesan.
The strategy is implemented by you effectively.
Kritikan itu anda terima secara terbuka.
The criticism is accepted by you openly.
Perjanjian ini anda tandatangani segera.
This agreement is signed by you immediately.
Inisiatif ini anda sokong sepenuhnya.
This initiative is supported by you fully.
Implikasi dasar ini anda teliti secara mendalam.
The implications of this policy are examined by you deeply.
Mandat tersebut anda jalankan dengan penuh integriti.
The mandate is carried out by you with full integrity.
Paradigma baharu ini anda terapkan dalam organisasi.
This new paradigm is applied by you in the organization.
Konsensus ini anda capai melalui perbincangan.
This consensus is reached by you through discussion.
आसानी से भ्रमित होने वाले
Learners think 'oleh' is always needed.
Learners mix up active and passive word order.
Learners don't know when to use 'ku' or 'mu'.
सामान्य गलतियाँ
Buku itu dibaca oleh anda.
Buku itu anda baca.
Anda baca buku itu.
Buku itu anda baca.
Buku itu baca anda.
Buku itu anda baca.
Buku itu di-baca anda.
Buku itu anda baca.
Kerja itu disiapkan oleh kamu.
Kerja itu kamu siapkan.
Kamu siapkan kerja itu.
Kerja itu kamu siapkan.
Kerja itu siapkan kamu.
Kerja itu kamu siapkan.
Laporan itu dihantar oleh anda.
Laporan itu anda hantar.
Anda hantar laporan itu.
Laporan itu anda hantar.
Laporan itu anda dihantar.
Laporan itu anda hantar.
Strategi itu dilaksanakan oleh anda.
Strategi itu anda laksanakan.
Anda laksanakan strategi itu.
Strategi itu anda laksanakan.
Strategi itu anda dilaksanakan.
Strategi itu anda laksanakan.
वाक्य संरचनाएँ
___ itu anda ___.
___ itu kamu ___.
___ itu tidak anda ___.
___ itu akan anda ___.
Real World Usage
Laporan itu anda siapkan hari ini.
Buku itu kamu buka sekarang.
Video ini anda tonton sampai habis.
Tiket itu anda simpan baik-baik.
Tugas ini anda uruskan bagaimana?
Makanan itu anda terima dalam 30 minit.
Focus on the Object
No 'Oleh'
Use for Instructions
Be Polite
Smart Tips
Use 'anda' instead of 'kamu' and ensure the object is at the front.
If it's 'anda' or 'kamu', just delete 'oleh'.
Use the passive structure to sound polite but firm.
Use the passive to keep the focus on the task.
उच्चारण
Stress
Stress the verb, not the pronoun.
Instructional
Object + di-Verb + Pronoun ↓
Falling intonation for a command.
याद करें
स्मृति सहायक
Remember the 'No-Oleh' rule: If you are talking to 'You', 'Oleh' is taboo.
दृश्य संबंध
Imagine a 'No Entry' sign over the word 'Oleh' whenever you see 'Anda' or 'Kamu' in a passive sentence.
Rhyme
If the person is 'Anda' or 'Kamu', the 'Oleh' is gone, it's taboo!
Story
Imagine you are a boss. You tell your assistant: 'The report (Object) you (Pronoun) write (Verb)'. You don't need to say 'by you'. You just point at the report, then at them, then make a writing motion.
Word Web
चैलेंज
Write 5 sentences about things you need to do today using this passive structure.
सांस्कृतिक नोट्स
Using 'anda' in passive voice is highly professional and shows respect for the task.
Similar structure, often used in official government documents.
Using 'kau' instead of 'kamu' is very informal and should be avoided in professional settings.
The passive voice in Malay evolved from the Austronesian focus system.
बातचीत की शुरुआत
Tugas ini anda siapkan bila?
Buku itu anda baca?
Keputusan itu anda fikirkan?
Peraturan ini anda fahami?
डायरी विषय
सामान्य गलतियाँ
Test Yourself
Buku itu ___ baca.
Find and fix the mistake:
Surat itu ditulis oleh anda.
Which is correct?
anda / laporan / siapkan / itu
You can use 'oleh' with 'anda' in passive.
A: Boleh anda buat laporan ini? B: Ya, ___.
Anda membaca buku itu.
Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:
Score: /8
अभ्यास प्रश्न
8 exercisesBuku itu ___ baca.
Find and fix the mistake:
Surat itu ditulis oleh anda.
Which is correct?
anda / laporan / siapkan / itu
You can use 'oleh' with 'anda' in passive.
A: Boleh anda buat laporan ini? B: Ya, ___.
Anda membaca buku itu.
Anda makan nasi.
Score: /8
अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले सवाल (8)
It is a specific grammatical rule for 2nd person pronouns in Malay. It is considered redundant.
Use 'anda' for formal settings and 'kamu' for informal ones.
Yes, just add 'sudah' before the verb.
For 'saya', you must use 'oleh' (e.g., 'Buku itu dibaca oleh saya').
Yes, especially in professional or instructional speech.
Yes, just add a question particle or use rising intonation.
Adding 'oleh' is the #1 mistake.
Yes, it works for most transitive verbs.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
La carta es escrita por ti.
Malay's restriction on 'oleh' is unique.
La lettre est écrite par vous.
No preposition in Malay.
Der Brief wird von dir geschrieben.
Malay is more direct.
tegami wa anata ni yomareta.
Malay has no agent marker.
kutibat al-risalah min qibalika.
Malay is more concise.
xin bei ni xie le.
Malay's pronoun placement is fixed.
