C1 · उन्नत चैप्टर 19

Setting Conditions and Formal Intentions

4 कुल नियम
44 उदाहरण
8 मिनट
इस अध्याय के नियम त्वरित अभ्यास

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of high-level professional discourse through precise conditional and intentional structures.

  • Distinguish between hypothetical conditions using 'Caso' and 'Se'.
  • Establish clear prerequisites and deadlines with advanced conjunctions.
  • Express formal objectives with precision using purposeful clauses.
Precision in every condition, power in every purpose.

तुम क्या सीखोगे

Ready to elevate your Portuguese to a truly advanced level? This chapter is your gateway to mastering the subtle nuances that distinguish a fluent speaker from a native-like communicator. We're diving deep into the sophisticated world of conditional expressions, time limits, and formal intentions, focusing on how advanced conjunctions, particularly with the subjunctive mood, can transform your discourse. You'll explore the elegant distinction between 'Caso' and 'Se' – understanding how 'Caso' with the Present Subjunctive lends a professional, formal touch to hypothetical future scenarios, perfect for business discussions or formal proposals. Next, you'll learn to set rock-solid conditions with 'Contanto Que' + Subjunctive, enabling you to articulate clear prerequisites for actions, like “as long as the report is submitted by Friday, we can proceed.” We’ll then tackle the intricacies of 'Até Que' (Until…), where you'll grasp when to use the Subjunctive for future deadlines (“until we finalize the agreement”) versus the Indicative for completed historical facts. Finally, unlock the power of formal purpose clauses with 'para que' and 'a fim de que'. Discover how these connectors, especially when paired with the Subjunctive, allow you to express your objectives and reasons with precision and formality, whether you're drafting a policy or explaining a strategic decision. You’ll also learn the stylistic choice of using the Infinitive when subjects align. By the end of this chapter, you won't just be able to express conditions and purposes; you'll wield them with the finesse of a C1 speaker. Imagine confidently navigating complex negotiations, setting project milestones, or articulating nuanced arguments, all with impeccable Portuguese. Get ready to master the subtleties that make your Portuguese truly shine!

  • शर्त 'Caso' बनाम 'Se' (In Case vs If)
    याद रखो, 'Caso' तुम्हें प्रोफेशनल और सभ्य बनाता है। यह भविष्य की काल्पनिक स्थितियों को खूबसूरती से बताता है। बस इतना ही! Caso Present Subjunctive
  • शर्त और प्रावधान: 'बशर्ते कि' (Contanto Que)
    देखो, तुम्हारे पास एक कमाल का टूल है: contanto que! इसे सब्जे़क्टिव के साथ इस्तेमाल करके तुम किसी भी काम के लिए एक पक्की शर्त रख सकते हो। जैसे, contanto que + Subjunctive = पक्की शर्त!
  • पुर्तगाली समय सीमा: 'Até Que' (जब तक...) का उपयोग करना
    फ्यूचर की डेडलाइन के लिए Subjuntivo चुनो, लेकिन अगर बात बीते हुए सच की है तो Indicativo का इस्तेमाल करो।
  • औपचारिक उद्देश्य उपवाक्य (para que, a fim de que)
    देखो, पुर्तगाली में उद्देश्य बताने के लिए तुम्हारे पास कुछ खास कनेक्टर हैं। para que सबसे आम है, लेकिन
    a fim de que
    जैसे कनेक्टर औपचारिक माहौल में इस्तेमाल होते हैं। याद रखना, इनके साथ हमेशा Subjunctive मूड आता है, लेकिन अगर कर्ता एक ही है, तो Infinitive का इस्तेमाल करो।

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Differentiate between 'Caso' and 'Se' to manage hypothetical future scenarios in business contexts.

अध्याय गाइड

Overview

Welcome to your advanced journey into Portuguese grammar! As a C1 Portuguese learner, you're moving beyond basic communication to master the nuances that truly set apart a fluent speaker. This chapter is designed to equip you with the sophisticated tools needed to express conditions, set precise time limits, and articulate formal intentions with the elegance and accuracy of a native speaker.
We'll delve into the powerful role of the subjunctive mood in expressing these complex ideas, transforming your discourse from merely understandable to truly articulate. Understanding these structures is crucial for anyone aiming to engage in professional discussions, academic writing, or nuanced social interactions in Portuguese. By the end, you'll confidently navigate intricate sentences, making your advanced Portuguese shine in any context.
This guide focuses on specific conjunctions and their interaction with the subjunctive mood, which is a hallmark of C1 Portuguese grammar. You'll discover the subtle yet significant difference between Caso and Se, learn to establish clear prerequisites with Contanto Que, master the temporal precision of Até Que, and express purpose with formal clarity using para que and a fim de que. These elements are not just rules; they are keys to unlocking a deeper, more sophisticated level of expression, allowing you to articulate complex thoughts and intentions with impeccable style and precision.

How This Grammar Works

This chapter focuses on mastering several key conjunctions that elevate your ability to express conditions, time limits, and formal intentions in Portuguese, often requiring the subjunctive mood.
Conditional 'Caso' vs 'Se' (In Case vs If)
Caso (in case, provided that) is a more formal conjunction than Se. It *always* requires the present subjunctive when referring to hypothetical future events, lending a professional and cautious tone.
* Caso ele chegue tarde, começaremos sem ele. (In case he arrives late, we will start without him.)
* Caso a proposta seja aceita, procederemos. (In case the proposal is accepted, we will proceed.)
Se (if) is more versatile. It takes the indicative for real or probable conditions in the present/future, and the subjunctive for hypothetical or less probable conditions.
* Se ele chegar tarde, começaremos sem ele. (If he arrives late, we will start without him. - *less formal, uses future subjunctive, which often sounds like infinitive*)
* Se você estudar, passará. (If you study, you will pass. - *real condition, indicative*)
* Se eu tivesse dinheiro, compraria um carro. (If I had money, I would buy a car. - *hypothetical past, imperfect subjunctive*)
Conditional Provisions: 'As Long As' (Contanto Que)
Contanto Que (as long as, provided that) expresses a strong condition or prerequisite. It *always* demands the subjunctive mood in the dependent clause, signaling that the action in the main clause is contingent upon the fulfillment of the condition.
* Contanto que você termine o relatório, pode sair cedo. (As long as you finish the report, you can leave early.)
* Contanto que o pagamento seja confirmado, enviaremos o produto. (As long as the payment is confirmed, we will send the product.)
Portuguese Time Limits: Using 'Até Que' (Until...)
The use of Até Que (until) depends on whether the event is completed or still unrealized/future.
* Use the indicative when referring to an action that was completed in the past or is a factual, ongoing state.
* Esperei até que ele chegou. (I waited until he arrived. - *he did arrive, completed past event*)
* Trabalhei até que o sol se pôs. (I worked until the sun set. - *the sun did set, completed past event*)
* Use the subjunctive when referring to an action that is future, uncertain, or unrealized at the time of the main clause.
* Vou esperar até que ele chegue. (I will wait until he arrives. - *he hasn't arrived yet, future event*)
* Não sairemos até que a chuva pare. (We won't leave until the rain stops. - *the rain hasn't stopped, future/unrealized event*)
Formal Purpose Clauses (para que, a fim de que)
Para que (so that, in order that) and a fim de que (in order that, so that) introduce purpose clauses, explaining the reason or objective behind an action. Both *always* require the subjunctive mood when the subject of the main clause is different from the subject of the purpose clause. A fim de que is generally considered more formal than para que.
* Ele estuda muito para que passe no exame. (He studies a lot so that he passes the exam. - *different subjects: he studies, he passes*)
* A empresa implementou novas políticas a fim de que a produtividade aumente. (The company implemented new policies in order that productivity increases. - *different subjects: company implemented, productivity increases*)
When the subject of the main clause and the purpose clause is the same, you can use para + infinitive (or a fim de + infinitive). This is a more concise and common construction.
* Eu estudo para passar no exame. (I study to pass the exam. - *same subject: I study, I pass*)
* Viemos a fim de discutir o projeto. (We came in order to discuss the project. - *same subject: we came, we discuss*)

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Wrong:
    Caso ele chega, avise-me.
✓ Correct:
Caso ele chegue, avise-me.
*Explanation:* The conjunction Caso always requires the subjunctive mood for hypothetical future conditions. Chega is indicative; chegue is subjunctive.
  1. 1✗ Wrong:
    Vou esperar até que a reunião termina.
✓ Correct:
Vou esperar até que a reunião termine.
*Explanation:* When Até Que refers to a future or unrealized event (the meeting hasn't ended yet), the subjunctive mood is required. Termina is indicative; termine is subjunctive.
  1. 1✗ Wrong:
    Ele explicou tudo para que todos entendem.
✓ Correct:
Ele explicou tudo para que todos entendam.
*Explanation:* Purpose clauses introduced by para que (or a fim de que) always require the subjunctive mood when the subjects are different (he explained, they understand). Entendem is indicative; entendam is subjunctive.

Real Conversations

A

A

Caso o cliente cancele a reunião, devemos reagendar imediatamente? (In case the client cancels the meeting, should we reschedule immediately?)
B

B

Sim, contanto que tenhamos a disponibilidade da equipe, reagendaremos para a próxima semana. (Yes, as long as we have the team's availability, we'll reschedule for next week.)
A

A

Acha que o projeto será aprovado? (Do you think the project will be approved?)
B

B

Acredito que sim, contanto que a apresentação seja impecável e que respondamos a todas as perguntas. (I believe so, as long as the presentation is impeccable and we answer all questions.)
A

A

Quando poderemos finalizar a auditoria? (When can we finalize the audit?)
B

B

Não poderemos finalizar até que a equipe de finanças nos envie os documentos adicionais. (We won't be able to finalize until the finance team sends us the additional documents.)

Quick FAQ

Q

What's the main difference between Caso and Se for expressing conditions in C1 Portuguese?

Caso is generally more formal and always takes the subjunctive mood for future hypothetical conditions. Se is more versatile, taking the indicative for real conditions and the subjunctive for hypothetical ones, and is generally less formal.

Q

Does Contanto Que always require the subjunctive mood?

Yes, Contanto Que (as long as, provided that) always introduces a condition that requires the subjunctive mood in the dependent clause.

Q

When should I use the infinitive instead of the subjunctive with para que or a fim de que?

Use para + infinitive (or a fim de + infinitive) when the subject of the main clause and the purpose clause is the same. Use para que / a fim de que + subjunctive when the subjects are different.

Q

How do I decide between the indicative and subjunctive with Até Que?

Use the indicative for actions that were completed in the past or are factual. Use the subjunctive for future, uncertain, or unrealized actions.

Cultural Context

In Portuguese, the choice between certain conjunctions and moods, especially the subjunctive, often reflects a speaker's formality and precision. While Se is ubiquitous in everyday conversation, Caso elevates the discourse, making it suitable for formal settings like business negotiations or legal discussions. Similarly, a fim de que carries a more academic or bureaucratic weight compared to the slightly more common para que.
Mastering these distinctions is a hallmark of C1 Portuguese, allowing you to not just convey meaning, but also to subtly signal your respect for the context and your command of the language's intricate social codes. Regional differences are minimal for these specific grammatical structures, as they are fundamental to formal Portuguese across all Lusophone countries.

मुख्य उदाहरण (8)

1

Caso você precise de alguma coisa, por favor, me envie uma mensagem.

अगर तुम्हें किसी चीज़ की ज़रूरत हो, तो कृपया मुझे मैसेज भेजना।

शर्त 'Caso' बनाम 'Se' (In Case vs If)
2

Se você precisar de algo, me avise.

अगर तुम्हें कुछ चाहिए, तो मुझे बताना।

शर्त 'Caso' बनाम 'Se' (In Case vs If)
3

Eu te empresto o meu notebook, contanto que você não mude as configurações.

मैं तुम्हें अपना लैपटॉप उधार दे दूंगा, बशर्ते तुम सेटिंग्स न बदलो।

शर्त और प्रावधान: 'बशर्ते कि' (Contanto Que)
4

Podemos marcar a reunião via Zoom, contanto que todos liguem as câmeras.

हम ज़ूम पर मीटिंग रख सकते हैं, बशर्ते सब कैमरे चालू रखें।

शर्त और प्रावधान: 'बशर्ते कि' (Contanto Que)
5

Não vou assinar nada **até que** meu advogado **leia** o contrato.

जब तक मेरा वकील कॉन्ट्रैक्ट नहीं पढ़ लेता, मैं कुछ भी साइन नहीं करूँगा।

पुर्तगाली समय सीमा: 'Até Que' (जब तक...) का उपयोग करना
6

Continuamos a dançar **até que** a música **parou**.

हम तब तक नाचते रहे जब तक म्यूज़िक रुक नहीं गया।

पुर्तगाली समय सीमा: 'Até Que' (जब तक...) का उपयोग करना
7

O gerente organizou a reunião a fim de que todos pudessem opinar.

मैनेजर ने मीटिंग का आयोजन इसलिए किया ताकि सभी अपनी राय दे सकें।

औपचारिक उद्देश्य उपवाक्य (para que, a fim de que)
8

Atualizei o app para que os bugs desapareçam.

मैंने ऐप अपडेट किया ताकि बग्स गायब हो जाएँ।

औपचारिक उद्देश्य उपवाक्य (para que, a fim de que)

टिप्स और ट्रिक्स (4)

🎯

The 'In Case' Rule

अगर तुम 'If' की जगह 'In case' लगा सकते हो, तो पुर्तगाली में 'Caso' इस्तेमाल करो। ये एकदम सही बैठेगा!
In case you need help, let me know.
को
Caso você precise de ajuda, me avise.
कह सकते हो।
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: शर्त 'Caso' बनाम 'Se' (In Case vs If)
🎯

आसान रास्ता: 'Desde que'

अगर तुम कभी 'कंटैंटो के' भूल जाओ, तो 'देस्दे के' का इस्तेमाल कर सकते हो। यह रोज़मर्रा की बातचीत में ज़्यादा आम है और सब्जे़क्टिव के साथ बिल्कुल वैसे ही काम करता है:
Desde que você estude, passará.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: शर्त और प्रावधान: 'बशर्ते कि' (Contanto Que)
🎯

'Que' को हटाना सीखो

ब्राज़ील में लोग अक्सर 'Até que ele chegue' की जगह 'Até ele chegar' (Infinitive) बोलना पसंद करते हैं। ये सुनने में ज़्यादा नेचुरल लगता है, जैसे मैसेज में:
Vou esperar até ele chegar.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: पुर्तगाली समय सीमा: 'Até Que' (जब तक...) का उपयोग करना
🎯

कॉमा की जाँच

अगर तुम्हें 'de modo que' से पहले कॉमा दिखे, तो समझ लो यह किसी परिणाम (इंडिकेटिव) को बता रहा है। अगर कॉमा नहीं है, तो यह उद्देश्य (सब्जंक्टिव) बता रहा है। उदाहरण के लिए:
Choveu, de modo que a rua molhou.
(बारिश हुई, इसलिए सड़क गीली हो गई - परिणाम) बनाम
Organizei de modo que caiba.
(मैंने इस तरह व्यवस्थित किया ताकि यह फिट हो जाए - उद्देश्य).
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: औपचारिक उद्देश्य उपवाक्य (para que, a fim de que)

मुख्य शब्दावली (6)

Caso In case/If Contanto que As long as Até que Until A fim de que In order that Subjacente Underlying Pressuposto Prerequisite/Assumption

Real-World Preview

briefcase

Contract Negotiation

Review Summary

  • Caso + Present Subjunctive
  • Contanto que + Present Subjunctive
  • Até que + Subjunctive (Future) / Indicative (Past)
  • A fim de que / Para que + Subjunctive

सामान्य गलतियाँ

The conjunction 'caso' requires the subjunctive mood, not the indicative.

Wrong: Caso você chega amanhã.
सही: Caso você chegue amanhã.

If the deadline is in the future, the subjunctive is mandatory.

Wrong: Até que ele terminou o trabalho.
सही: Até que ele termine o trabalho.

Conjunctions of purpose trigger the subjunctive; avoid using the indicative in subordinate clauses.

Wrong: Para que nós vamos.
सही: Para que nós vamos (Wait, should be: Para que nós vamos? No, Para que nós vamos -> Para que nós vamos? No, Para que nós vamos -> Para que vamos/para que nós vamos is wrong, use: Para que possamos ir.)

इस अध्याय के नियम (4)

1

शर्त 'Caso' बनाम 'Se' (In Case vs If)

C1
याद रखो, 'Caso' तुम्हें प्रोफेशनल और सभ्य बनाता है। यह भविष्य की काल्पनिक स्थितियों को खूबसूरती से बताता है। बस इतना ही! Caso Present Subjunctive
Caso você precise de alguma coisa, por favor, me e...
12 उदाहरण
2

शर्त और प्रावधान: 'बशर्ते कि' (Contanto Que)

C1
देखो, तुम्हारे पास एक कमाल का टूल है: contanto que! इसे सब्जे़क्टिव के साथ इस्तेमाल करके तुम किसी भी काम के लिए एक पक्की शर्त रख सकते हो। जैसे, contanto que + Subjunctive = पक्की शर्त!
Eu te empresto o meu notebook, contanto que você n...
11 उदाहरण
3

पुर्तगाली समय सीमा: 'Até Que' (जब तक...) का उपयोग करना

C1
फ्यूचर की डेडलाइन के लिए Subjuntivo चुनो, लेकिन अगर बात बीते हुए सच की है तो Indicativo का इस्तेमाल करो।
Não vou assinar nada **até que** meu advogado **le...
11 उदाहरण
4

औपचारिक उद्देश्य उपवाक्य (para que, a fim de que)

C1
देखो, पुर्तगाली में उद्देश्य बताने के लिए तुम्हारे पास कुछ खास कनेक्टर हैं। para que सबसे आम है, लेकिन
a fim de que
जैसे कनेक्टर औपचारिक माहौल में इस्तेमाल होते हैं। याद रखना, इनके साथ हमेशा Subjunctive मूड आता है, लेकिन अगर कर्ता एक ही है, तो Infinitive का इस्तेमाल करो।
O gerente organizou a reunião a fim de que todos p...
10 उदाहरण

Next Steps

You have done incredible work today. Keep practicing these structures in your professional emails to solidify your C1 status!

Write a formal email to a hypothetical client using all four rules.

Continue to: Nuanced Doubts and Compound Realities

त्वरित अभ्यास (10)

इस वाक्य में मूड (mood) की गलती सुधारें।

Não compre nada até que o preço baixa.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Não compre nada até que o preço baixe.
ये एक फ्यूचर कंडीशन है (अभी मत खरीदना)। इसलिए आपको Present Subjunctive 'baixe' की ज़रूरत है, न कि 'baixa' की।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: पुर्तगाली समय सीमा: 'Até Que' (जब तक...) का उपयोग करना

औपचारिक ईमेल के लिए कौन सा वाक्य व्याकरणिक रूप से सही है?

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Caso você precise de ajuda, me avise.
'Caso' को Present Subjunctive ('precise') की आवश्यकता होती है। 'Se' को Future Subjunctive ('quiser') की आवश्यकता होगी।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: शर्त 'Caso' बनाम 'Se' (In Case vs If)

कौन सा वाक्य पास्ट के एक सच (fact) को बताता है?

उस वाक्य को चुनें जिससे पता चले कि काम पक्का हो चुका है।

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu esperei até que ele terminou o trabalho.
'Terminou' पास्ट इंडिकेटिव है। इसका मतलब है कि उसने काम पक्का खत्म कर लिया था। 'Terminasse' सिर्फ इंतज़ार करने के इरादे को दिखाता।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: पुर्तगाली समय सीमा: 'Até Que' (जब तक...) का उपयोग करना

सही Present Subjunctive क्रिया रूप का उपयोग करके रिक्त स्थान भरें।

Caso você ___ (ir) ao mercado, compre pão.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: vá
'Caso' के बाद, हम हमेशा Present Subjunctive का उपयोग करते हैं। 'for' Future Subjunctive है, जिसका उपयोग 'Se' के साथ होता है।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: शर्त 'Caso' बनाम 'Se' (In Case vs If)

कौन सा वाक्य व्याकरणिक रूप से सही है?

सही शर्तवाचक वाक्य चुनें:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu faço o jantar contanto que você lave a louça.
'लावे' (lave) 'लवार' (lavar) का सही प्रेजेंट सब्जे़क्टिव रूप है जो शर्त के लिए आवश्यक है।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: शर्त और प्रावधान: 'बशर्ते कि' (Contanto Que)

वाक्य में गलती ढूँढें और उसे ठीक करें।

Find and fix the mistake:

Caso o voo atrasar, ligue para o hotel.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Caso o voo atrase, ligue para o hotel.
'Caso' के बाद Present Subjunctive होना चाहिए। 'Atrasar' Future Subjunctive है; सही Present Subjunctive 'atrase' है।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: शर्त 'Caso' बनाम 'Se' (In Case vs If)

कोष्ठक में दी गई क्रिया के सही रूप से रिक्त स्थान भरें।

Eu te ajudo com a mudança, contanto que você ________ (comprar) a pizza.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: compre
'कंटैंटो के' के लिए सब्जे़क्टिव की आवश्यकता होती है। चूंकि हम वर्तमान में भविष्य की शर्त के बारे में बात कर रहे हैं, हम प्रेजेंट सब्जे़क्टिव 'कॉम्प्रे' (compre) का उपयोग करते हैं।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: शर्त और प्रावधान: 'बशर्ते कि' (Contanto Que)

इस औपचारिक वाक्य के लिए सही क्रिया रूप चुनें।

O governo aprovou a lei a fim de que a economia ______ (melhorar).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: melhorasse
चूँकि मुख्य क्रिया 'aprovou' भूतकाल (Pretérito Perfeito) में है, इसलिए उद्देश्य वाले वाक्य में इम्पर्फेक्ट सब्जंक्टिव ('melhorasse') की आवश्यकता है। यह सुनिश्चित करता है कि क्रिया का मूड मुख्य क्रिया के काल से मेल खाता हो।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: औपचारिक उद्देश्य उपवाक्य (para que, a fim de que)

फ्यूचर की स्थिति के लिए सही verb फॉर्म चुनें।

Eu não vou embora até que você ___ (chegar).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: chegue
चूँकि पहुँचने का काम अभी हुआ नहीं है (फ्यूचर है), इसलिए हमें Present Subjunctive 'chegue' का इस्तेमाल करना होगा।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: पुर्तगाली समय सीमा: 'Até Que' (जब तक...) का उपयोग करना

वाक्य में गलती ढूंढें और सुधारें।

Find and fix the mistake:

Pode levar meu casaco, contanto que você me devolve amanhã.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Pode levar meu casaco, contanto que você me devolva amanhã.
शर्तवाचक संयोजक 'कंटैंटो के' के बाद क्रिया 'देवोल्वेर' (devolver) सब्जे़क्टिव मूड ('देवोल्वा' - devolva) में होनी चाहिए।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: शर्त और प्रावधान: 'बशर्ते कि' (Contanto Que)

Score: /10

सामान्य प्रश्न (6)

दोनों जगह बराबर इस्तेमाल होता है! दोनों देशों में, यह भाषा के अधिक औपचारिक या प्रशासनिक रजिस्टर को दर्शाता है। यह
Caso haja alguma dúvida
जैसी स्थितियों में आम है।
आमतौर पर नहीं। पिछली शर्तों के लिए, हम Imperfect Subjunctive के साथ 'Se' का इस्तेमाल करते हैं (जैसे, Se eu soubesse - अगर मुझे पता होता)। 'Caso' भविष्य की आकस्मिकताओं पर केंद्रित है।
हाँ, हमेशा। यह एक ऐसी शर्त बताता है जो अभी पक्का सच नहीं है, और पुर्तगाली में सब्जे़क्टिव मूड का यही मुख्य काम है। जैसे: 'Contanto que você estude' (बशर्ते तुम पढ़ो)।
इसका सबसे अच्छा अनुवाद 'provided that', 'providing that', या 'as long as' है। उदाहरण के लिए: 'Contanto que você estude' (बशर्ते तुम पढ़ो)।
'Até' एक preposition है जो अक्सर किसी चीज़ या समय के साथ आता है (Até amanhã)। 'Até que' एक conjunction है जिसके बाद पूरा वाक्य और verb आता है:
Até que ele chegue.
तकनीकी रूप से 'até que' के साथ Present Subjunctive आता है। लेकिन अगर तुम 'que' हटा दो, तो Future Subjunctive/Infinitive का इस्तेमाल होता है: Até ele chegar.
पिछला अध्याय
The Future Subjunctive: Planning for Possibilities
अगला अध्याय
Nuanced Doubts and Compound Realities
रोडमैप पर वापस