Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
The Gerundive (Säm-i) describes an action performed before or simultaneously with the main verb, acting like an adverb.
- Use it to show sequence: 'He ate, having arrived' (መጥቶ በላ).
- Use it to show manner: 'He spoke laughing' (ሳቀው ተናገረ).
- Conjugate it by adding suffixes to the stem: -ä, -h, -sh, -ä, -ch, etc.
Meanings
The Gerundive is a non-finite verb form used to express an action that precedes the main verb or happens in a specific manner.
Sequential Action
Action A happens, then Action B happens.
“መጥቶ በላ (Mätto bäla - He came and ate)”
“ገዝቼ አመጣሁ (Gäzche ämäṭṭahu - I bought and brought)”
Gerundive Suffixes (Verb: ሄደ - to go)
| Person | Suffix | Form |
|---|---|---|
| 1st Sing | -che | ሄጄ |
| 2nd Masc | -h | ሄደህ |
| 2nd Fem | -sh | ሄደሽ |
| 3rd Masc | -o | ሄዶ |
| 3rd Fem | -a | ሄዳ |
| 1st Plural | -n | ሄደን |
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Affirmative | Stem + Suffix | በልቼ |
| Negative | አል + Stem + -ም | አልበላሁም |
| Question | Stem + Suffix + -ን? | በልተህ ነው? |
| Past | Gerund + Past Verb | በልቼ ሄድኩ |
| Present | Gerund + Present Verb | በልቼ እሄዳለሁ |
| Future | Gerund + Future Verb | በልቼ እሄዳለሁ |
フォーマル度スペクトル
ሄጄ ገዛሁት። (General)
ሄጄ ገዛሁት። (General)
ሄጄ ገዛሁት። (General)
ሄጄ ገዛሁት። (General)
Gerundive Flow
Sequence
- በልቼ Having eaten
Manner
- ሳቀው Laughing
レベル別の例文
በልቼ ሄድኩ።
I ate and left.
ገዝቼ አመጣሁ።
I bought and brought it.
አይቼ ተናገርኩ።
Having seen, I spoke.
ተምሬ ስራ አገኘሁ።
Having studied, I found a job.
አስበን ወሰንን።
Having thought, we decided.
አጥንተው አቀረቡ።
Having studied, they presented it.
間違えやすい
Both look like past tense.
よくある間違い
ሄድኩ እና በላሁ
ሄጄ በላሁ
እሱ ሄጄ በላ
እሱ ሄዶ በላ
በልቼ ነው ሄድኩ
በልቼ ሄድኩ
ሄዶ እና በልቶ
ሄዶ በላ
文型パターン
___ (Subject) ___ (Gerundive) ___ (Main Verb).
Real World Usage
መጥቼ አያለሁ።
Chain it!
Smart Tips
Use the Gerundive to link events.
発音
Suffix stress
The stress usually falls on the suffix.
Rising
ሄጄ? (Did I go?)
Questioning the sequence.
暗記しよう
記憶術
Think of the Gerundive as a 'bridge' verb. It bridges the gap between two actions.
視覚的連想
Imagine a train where the first car is the Gerundive and the second is the main verb. They are hooked together.
Rhyme
The Gerundive chain, makes the sentence plain.
Story
I woke up (ተነስቼ), brushed my teeth (ታጥቤ), and drank tea (ሻይ ጠጣሁ). Each step is a Gerundive link.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Write 3 sentences about your morning routine using only Gerundive forms.
文化メモ
Used heavily in storytelling and coffee ceremonies.
Derived from Ge'ez.
会話のきっかけ
ዛሬ ምን አደረግክ?
日記のテーマ
Test Yourself
እኔ ሄድ___ በላሁ።
Score: /1
練習問題
1 exercisesእኔ ሄድ___ በላሁ።
Score: /1
よくある質問 (1)
No, it must be followed by a main verb.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Te-form
Amharic suffixes change by person; Japanese does not.
Gerundio
Functionality is entirely different.
Partizip
Amharic is adverbial.
Participe présent
Amharic is sequential.
Hal
Amharic is more sequential.
Serial verb construction
Amharic uses morphology; Chinese uses word order.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Connected Grammar
Perfective Tense
PrerequisiteBase for the Gerundive.
