A2 · 初中級 チャプター 29

Telling Time, Dates & Seasons

6 トータルルール
1 分
このチャプターのルール クイック練習

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the Bulgarian clock and calendar to navigate your daily life with confidence and precision.

  • Tell time using formal and informal structures.
  • Formulate dates and use ordinal numbers correctly.
  • Combine time expressions with appropriate Bulgarian prepositions.
Master your schedule, own your time in Bulgarian.

学べること

Deepen your understanding of telling time, expressing dates, and talking about seasons. This chapter covers more advanced time-related vocabulary and structures.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Schedule a dinner meeting with a friend in Bulgarian.

ヒントとコツ (4)

💡

Drop the 'Часът е'

In casual conversation, just say the numbers. 'Пет и десет' is more natural than 'Часът е пет и десет'.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Telling the Time (Колко е часът?)
💡

The '-ти' Rule

Most numbers from 4 to 31 just add '-ти' to become ordinals. Easy to remember!
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Expressing Dates (Дати)
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Check the noun

Always look at the noun before choosing the ordinal ending.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Ordinal Numbers (Редни числителни)
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The 'V' Rule

If you are talking about a day of the week or an hour, 90% of the time the answer is 'в'.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Prepositions with Time Expressions

重要な語彙 (6)

час hour/o'clock дата date първи first преди before сутрин morning продължителност duration

Real-World Preview

coffee

Meeting a Friend

Review Summary

  • Часът е [number].
  • [Ordinal] [Month].
  • първи, втори, трети...
  • В [time].
  • сутрин/вечер
  • За [duration].

よくある間違い

Dates require ordinal numbers, not cardinal ones.

Wrong: Днес е едно май.
正解: Днес е първи май.

Use the definite article for parts of the day.

Wrong: В осем часа сутрин.
正解: В осем часа сутринта.

The noun following 'два' must be in the plural form.

Wrong: За два час.
正解: За два часа.

Next Steps

You have done an amazing job navigating the complexities of time. Keep practicing your schedule daily!

Write your daily schedule in Bulgarian

Continue to: Prepositions for Abstract Concepts

クイック練習 (10)

Correct the sentence: 'Аз обядвам в обед.'

Find and fix the mistake:

Аз обядвам в обед.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Аз обядвам на обед.
The correct preposition for noon is 'на'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Parts of the Day (Части на деня)

Correct the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

Това е първият кола.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: първата кола
Gender mismatch.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Ordinal Numbers (Редни числителни)

Fill in the missing preposition for a specific date.

Роден съм ___ десети юни.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: на
Use 'на' for specific calendar days.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Expressing Dates (Дати)

Fill in the blank with 'от' or 'за'.

Отивам на почивка ___ една седмица.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: за
This is a planned future duration.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Expressing Duration (Продължителност)

Choose the correct form.

Това е ___ (second) етаж.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: втори
Masculine noun.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Ordinal Numbers (Редни числителни)

Fill in the correct form of 'в' or 'във'.

Имам изпит ___ вторник.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: във
'Във' is used because 'вторник' starts with 'в'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Prepositions with Time Expressions

Correct the mistake in the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

Чакам те за два часа.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Чакам те от два часа.
Ongoing waiting requires 'от'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Expressing Duration (Продължителност)

Choose the correct preposition for an ongoing action.

Живея в Пловдив ___ три месеца.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: от
Since the person still lives there, 'от' is required.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Expressing Duration (Продължителност)

Correct the mistake in the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

На лятото е топло.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: През лятото е топло.
Seasons use 'през' with a definite article.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Prepositions with Time Expressions

Correct the mistake: 9:50 -> 'Девет без десет'.

Find and fix the mistake:

Девет без десет.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Десет без десет
You must use the next hour with 'без'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Telling the Time (Колко е часът?)

Score: /10

よくある質問 (6)

No, in casual speech you can just say the time like пет и половина. Часът е is more formal or used for emphasis.
It is always два часа because час is a masculine noun.
Because they refer to the masculine noun ден (day). Even if you don't say the word 'day', it is grammatically implied.
Only if the month name is the very first word in a sentence. Otherwise, always use lowercase.
Look at the noun it modifies. If it ends in a consonant, it's usually masculine. If it ends in -а/-я, it's feminine. If it ends in -о/-е, it's neuter.
Use it when you are talking about a specific, known item. If it's indefinite, don't use it.
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Prepositions for Abstract Concepts
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