意味
Used to introduce an exception to a statement.
文化的背景
In German business culture, 'es sei denn' is used to create 'wasserdichte Verträge' (watertight contracts). It shows that you have anticipated risks. Swiss German speakers often use 'es sei denn' in formal Swiss Standard German, but in dialect (Schwiizertüütsch), they might use 'uuser' or 'wenn nöd'. Austrians use 'es sei denn' similarly to Germans, but in very formal Viennese circles, you might hear even more elaborate conditional structures. In the German Civil Code (BGB), 'es sei denn' is a technical term used to shift the burden of proof or define exceptions to liability.
The Word Order Trick
Remember: 'Es sei denn' + Subject + Verb. It's just like a normal sentence!
Comma is King
Never forget the comma before 'es sei denn'. It's a major marker in German punctuation.
意味
Used to introduce an exception to a statement.
The Word Order Trick
Remember: 'Es sei denn' + Subject + Verb. It's just like a normal sentence!
Comma is King
Never forget the comma before 'es sei denn'. It's a major marker in German punctuation.
Sound Professional
Use this in emails to your boss to show you've thought about potential problems.
自分をテスト
Füllen Sie die Lücke mit 'es sei denn' oder 'außer'.
Ich trinke keinen Alkohol, _______ ich feiere meinen Geburtstag.
We need 'es sei denn' because a full clause (ich feiere...) follows.
Welcher Satz ist grammatikalisch richtig?
A: Ich komme mit, es sei denn, ich muss arbeiten. B: Ich komme mit, es sei denn, muss ich arbeiten.
In the 'es sei denn' construction without 'dass', we use main clause word order (Subject-Verb).
Vervollständigen Sie den Dialog.
A: Gehen wir morgen wandern? B: Ja, gerne. ________, das Wetter wird schlechter.
The speaker is setting a condition that would cancel the plan.
Welcher Satz passt zu einer formellen E-Mail?
Sie möchten sagen, dass ein Treffen stattfindet, wenn nichts Wichtiges passiert.
This uses professional vocabulary and the correct formal structure.
🎉 スコア： /4
ビジュアル学習ツール
練習問題バンク
4 問題Ich trinke keinen Alkohol, _______ ich feiere meinen Geburtstag.
We need 'es sei denn' because a full clause (ich feiere...) follows.
A: Ich komme mit, es sei denn, ich muss arbeiten. B: Ich komme mit, es sei denn, muss ich arbeiten.
In the 'es sei denn' construction without 'dass', we use main clause word order (Subject-Verb).
A: Gehen wir morgen wandern? B: Ja, gerne. ________, das Wetter wird schlechter.
The speaker is setting a condition that would cancel the plan.
Sie möchten sagen, dass ein Treffen stattfindet, wenn nichts Wichtiges passiert.
This uses professional vocabulary and the correct formal structure.
🎉 スコア： /4
よくある質問
10 問Usually no. It follows a main statement. However, in literature or very dramatic speech, you might see it: 'Es sei denn, er stirbt.' But for B2 learners, always put it after the main clause.
Yes, significantly. 'Außer wenn' is fine for friends, but 'es sei denn' is better for work or exams.
No, it's optional. Most modern speakers leave it out. If you use it, remember the verb goes to the end!
'Sofern nicht' is even more formal and is almost exclusively used in legal or official documents.
Yes. 'Er wäre gekommen, es sei denn, er war krank.'
It is 'es sei denn'. 'Seiden' means 'silken'. Don't mix them up!
Because it's an old subjunctive form (Konjunktiv I) that has been preserved in this fixed phrase.
Yes. 'Ich will keine Hilfe, es sei denn, es ist wirklich nötig.'
It always introduces a new clause, so it's always after a comma, effectively in the middle of a complex sentence.
Very common. Journalists use it to explain exceptions to laws or political plans.
関連フレーズ
außer wenn
synonymexcept when
sofern nicht
similarprovided that not
vorausgesetzt, dass
contrastprovided that
nur wenn
contrastonly if
