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A1 adjective #2,500 よく出る 14分で読める

Kompliziert

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解説 Kompliziert in your Level:
At the A1 level, 'kompliziert' is introduced as a basic descriptive adjective to help learners express when they find something difficult to understand or do. It is primarily taught in its predicative form, meaning it comes after the verb 'sein' (to be). For example, a beginner might say 'Deutsch ist kompliziert' (German is complicated) or 'Das ist zu kompliziert' (That is too complicated). At this stage, learners are not expected to master the complex adjective declensions required when placing the word before a noun. The focus is purely on vocabulary acquisition and basic sentence structure. Teachers often use 'kompliziert' alongside its antonym 'einfach' (simple) to teach contrasting concepts. A1 learners use this word to navigate their immediate environment, such as expressing confusion over a train schedule, a menu, or a set of instructions. It is a highly practical word that empowers beginners to communicate their limitations and ask for help or simplification. The pronunciation of the 'z' as a 'ts' sound is also a key phonetic lesson at this level. Overall, 'kompliziert' serves as a vital survival word for A1 students, allowing them to express cognitive overload in a polite and standard manner.
As learners progress to the A2 level, their use of 'kompliziert' expands significantly. They begin to use it not just predicatively, but also attributively, which requires an understanding of basic adjective declension. An A2 student will start forming sentences like 'Das ist ein kompliziertes Problem' (That is a complicated problem) or 'Ich habe eine komplizierte Frage' (I have a complicated question). This marks a crucial step in grammatical development. Furthermore, A2 learners start using 'kompliziert' with adverbs of degree to add nuance to their statements. They will say 'sehr kompliziert' (very complicated), 'ein bisschen kompliziert' (a little complicated), or 'nicht so kompliziert' (not so complicated). They also begin to encounter the word in broader contexts, such as reading simple texts, emails, or short stories where characters face complicated situations. The comparative form 'komplizierter' (more complicated) is also introduced at this level, allowing students to compare two different tasks or objects. By the end of A2, 'kompliziert' is fully integrated into the learner's active vocabulary, enabling them to describe the complexity of their daily routines, hobbies, and basic interactions with greater accuracy and grammatical correctness.
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At the B1 level, the usage of 'kompliziert' becomes much more sophisticated and nuanced. Learners are now expected to handle all adjective declensions flawlessly, including those in the dative and genitive cases. For example, they might say 'Wegen dieses komplizierten Problems...' (Because of this complicated problem...). B1 students also use the superlative form 'am kompliziertesten' (the most complicated) to express extremes. Beyond grammar, the contexts in which 'kompliziert' is used broaden to include abstract concepts, professional environments, and interpersonal relationships. A B1 learner can discuss why a political situation is complicated or explain the complicated plot of a movie. They also learn to use the word in subordinate clauses, such as 'Ich denke, dass die Situation sehr kompliziert ist' (I think that the situation is very complicated). Additionally, learners at this stage begin to differentiate 'kompliziert' from similar words like 'schwierig' (difficult) and 'komplex' (complex), understanding the subtle differences in meaning. The word is frequently used in discussions, debates, and opinion-sharing, which are core components of the B1 curriculum. It becomes a tool for expressing critical thinking and analyzing multifaceted issues.
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In the B2 level, 'kompliziert' is utilized with a high degree of fluency and naturalness. Learners at this stage are preparing for professional or academic environments where expressing complexity is routine. They use 'kompliziert' effortlessly in complex sentence structures, including passive voice and hypothetical scenarios (Konjunktiv II). For instance, 'Es wäre weniger kompliziert, wenn wir...' (It would be less complicated if we...). B2 students also master the nominalized form of the adjective, 'das Komplizierte' (the complicated thing), allowing them to discuss complexity as an abstract noun concept. They are expected to understand and use idiomatic expressions or common collocations involving the word, such as 'etwas unnötig kompliziert machen' (to make something unnecessarily complicated). Furthermore, B2 learners are adept at using a wide range of synonyms to avoid repetition, seamlessly switching between 'kompliziert', 'komplex', 'vielschichtig', and 'verwickelt' depending on the specific nuance required. The word is heavily featured in B2 reading and listening comprehension tasks, such as news reports, technical articles, and interviews. Mastery at this level means the learner can articulate exactly *why* something is complicated, providing detailed explanations and proposing solutions.
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At the C1 level, learners possess an advanced, near-native command of 'kompliziert'. While the word itself is basic, C1 students use it within highly sophisticated syntactic structures and academic or professional discourse. They can debate intricate topics—such as law, economics, or philosophy—and use 'kompliziert' to critique arguments or highlight systemic flaws. At this level, learners are highly sensitive to register and tone. They know when 'kompliziert' is appropriate and when a more elevated term like 'hochkomplex' (highly complex) or 'differenziert' (differentiated) is required. C1 users also employ the word in rhetorical devices, such as irony or understatement. For example, describing a disastrously convoluted bureaucratic process as 'ein wenig kompliziert' (a little complicated) for comedic or critical effect. They are fully comfortable with compound words involving the root, such as 'komplizierterweise' (in a complicated manner). In writing, they use it to structure essays, often setting up a 'kompliziert' problem in the introduction before breaking it down. The focus at C1 is not on learning the word, but on wielding it with absolute precision to navigate and articulate the highest levels of abstract thought and complex societal issues.
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At the C2 level, the highest level of proficiency, the use of 'kompliziert' is indistinguishable from that of an educated native speaker. C2 learners understand the deepest cultural and linguistic nuances of the word. They can effortlessly analyze literature, philosophical texts, or complex scientific papers where 'kompliziert' or its derivatives appear. They are capable of coining new compound words or using the word in highly creative, poetic, or unconventional ways if the context demands it. At this stage, learners understand the etymological roots of the word and how it relates to other Latin-derived terms in German. They can engage in meta-linguistic discussions about why a certain situation is better described as 'kompliziert' rather than 'komplex'. C2 users also master the subtle prosody and intonation associated with the word, using vocal inflection to convey exasperation, sarcasm, or genuine intellectual engagement when saying 'Das ist... kompliziert'. They can navigate any dialectal or regional variations in how complexity is expressed across the German-speaking world. Ultimately, at the C2 level, 'kompliziert' is just one brush in a vast linguistic toolkit, used with perfect timing, appropriate register, and complete grammatical mastery to express the infinite complexities of the human experience.
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Kompliziert 30秒で

  • Means 'complicated' or 'complex'.
  • Used as an adjective in German.
  • Takes standard adjective declension endings.
  • Opposite of 'einfach' (simple/easy).
The German adjective 'kompliziert' translates directly to 'complicated' or 'complex' in English. It is a fundamental vocabulary word that learners encounter early on, typically at the A1 or A2 level, because expressing difficulty or complexity is a basic communicative need in any language. When you say something is kompliziert, you are indicating that it consists of many interconnecting parts or elements, making it difficult to understand, explain, or deal with. This word is incredibly versatile and can be applied to a wide range of subjects, from a difficult math problem to a complex romantic relationship. Understanding how to use kompliziert effectively will significantly enhance your ability to express frustration, ask for clarification, or describe intricate situations in German.
Usage Context
Used in both formal and informal settings to denote complexity.
In everyday conversation, you will frequently hear native speakers use this word when they are overwhelmed or when they want to politely decline a task by stating that it is too complex.

Das System ist sehr kompliziert.

The etymology of the word traces back to the Latin 'complicare', which means to fold together. This historical root perfectly encapsulates the modern meaning: something that is folded together many times is hard to unravel. As you progress in your German learning journey, you will find that kompliziert is not just a descriptive word, but a conversational tool. It allows you to navigate social situations where a direct 'no' might be too harsh. Instead of saying you cannot do something, you might say 'Das ist ein bisschen kompliziert' (That is a bit complicated), which softens the refusal.
Grammar Note
As an adjective, it takes standard declension endings when placed before a noun.
Furthermore, in professional environments, describing a process as kompliziert can highlight the need for more resources or time. It is a word that carries weight and conveys a specific type of challenge.

Wir haben ein kompliziertes Problem.

Let us look at some specific examples and structural uses of this essential German adjective. When used as a predicate adjective, it does not change its ending. For example, 'Die Aufgabe ist kompliziert'. However, when used attributively before a noun, it must take the appropriate adjective declension endings based on the gender, number, and case of the noun.

Eine komplizierte Maschine steht hier.

For instance, 'Ein kompliziertes Problem' (a complicated problem) uses the neuter nominative/accusative ending '-es'. Mastering these declensions is crucial for sounding fluent. Additionally, kompliziert can be modified by adverbs of degree such as 'sehr' (very), 'zu' (too), or 'ziemlich' (quite). Saying 'Das ist zu kompliziert' is a common way to express that a task is beyond one's current capabilities or patience. In the context of relationships, 'Es ist kompliziert' is the exact equivalent of the English phrase 'It's complicated', often used to describe romantic entanglements that lack clear definition.
Cultural Context
Germans appreciate directness, so labeling something as complicated is seen as an honest assessment.
This cultural parallel makes the word easy for English speakers to grasp and use accurately. The pronunciation of kompliziert requires attention to the 'z', which is pronounced like 'ts' in English, and the 'ie', which makes a long 'e' sound.

Die Anleitung ist zu kompliziert.

The stress falls on the final syllable '-ziert', which is typical for German verbs and adjectives ending in '-ieren' or '-iert'. Practicing the rhythm of the word will help you integrate it smoothly into your spoken German. Beyond its basic meaning, kompliziert can also imply that a person is difficult to deal with.

Er ist ein komplizierter Mensch.

If someone says 'Er ist ein komplizierter Mensch', they mean he is high-maintenance or hard to please. This nuanced usage shows the depth of the word and its applicability to both inanimate objects and human behavior. As you continue to study German, pay attention to the contexts in which kompliziert appears. You will notice it in news articles discussing political issues, in technical manuals describing machinery, and in casual chats among friends. Its ubiquity makes it a cornerstone of effective communication in German.
Using 'kompliziert' correctly in German involves understanding its grammatical function as an adjective and its placement within a sentence. Because it is a standard adjective, it follows all the typical rules of German adjective declension, which can ironically be quite complicated for beginners. When you use 'kompliziert' after a verb like 'sein' (to be), 'werden' (to become), or 'bleiben' (to remain), it acts as a predicate adjective. In this position, the word remains in its base form and does not take any endings.
Predicate Use
Das Thema ist kompliziert.
This is the easiest way to use the word and is highly recommended for A1 learners who are just starting to build their vocabulary. You simply state the subject, the verb, and the adjective.

Deutsch lernen ist manchmal kompliziert.

However, when you want to use 'kompliziert' directly before a noun to describe it, it becomes an attributive adjective. This is where you must apply declension rules based on the gender (masculine, feminine, neuter), number (singular, plural), and case (nominative, accusative, dative, genitive) of the noun it modifies. For example, if you are talking about a complicated man (masculine, nominative), you would say 'ein komplizierter Mann'. If you are talking about a complicated woman (feminine, nominative), it is 'eine komplizierte Frau'.

Sie hat eine komplizierte Frisur.

If you are referring to a complicated child (neuter, nominative), you say 'ein kompliziertes Kind'. The endings change further if the case changes. For instance, in the accusative case, 'I see a complicated man' becomes 'Ich sehe einen komplizierten Mann'.
Accusative Case
Ich lese ein kompliziertes Buch.
Mastering these endings takes practice, but 'kompliziert' is an excellent word to practice with because it is used so frequently. Beyond basic grammar, you can also use 'kompliziert' in comparative and superlative forms. If something is more complicated than something else, you use 'komplizierter'.

Das ist komplizierter als ich dachte.

If it is the most complicated thing, you use 'am kompliziertesten'. For example, 'Dieses Rätsel ist am kompliziertesten' (This puzzle is the most complicated). You will also frequently encounter 'kompliziert' paired with adverbs that intensify or weaken its meaning. Words like 'sehr' (very), 'extrem' (extremely), 'etwas' (somewhat), and 'weniger' (less) are common companions.

Die Situation ist extrem kompliziert.

Another important usage is in the negative. Saying 'Das ist nicht so kompliziert' (That is not so complicated) is a great way to reassure someone or to express that a task is manageable.
Negation
Es ist gar nicht kompliziert.
In professional contexts, you might use 'kompliziert' to discuss logistics, software, or legal documents. In personal contexts, it is often used to discuss relationships or emotions.

Ihre Beziehung ist sehr kompliziert.

When writing in German, especially in formal emails or essays, using 'kompliziert' correctly shows a good grasp of descriptive language. However, in very high-level academic writing, you might sometimes swap it for synonyms like 'komplex' or 'vielschichtig' to avoid repetition. Nevertheless, 'kompliziert' remains the standard, go-to word for everyday complexity.
The word 'kompliziert' is ubiquitous in the German language, meaning you will hear it in almost every conceivable context, from casual street conversations to formal news broadcasts. Because life is full of complexities, the need to describe things as complicated arises constantly. In everyday life, you will hear it frequently in the workplace.
Workplace
Colleagues discussing difficult projects.
When a new software system is introduced, or a new company policy is rolled out, employees will inevitably describe it as 'kompliziert'. You might hear a colleague sigh and say, 'Die neue Software ist einfach zu kompliziert' (The new software is simply too complicated).

Der Vertrag ist sehr kompliziert.

It is also a staple in customer service interactions. If you call a German bank or internet provider with a unique issue, the representative might tell you, 'Das ist ein komplizierter Fall' (That is a complicated case), indicating that it will take time to resolve. In educational settings, students use it constantly to describe their homework, exams, or specific subjects. 'Mathe ist so kompliziert' (Math is so complicated) is a universal sentiment expressed in German classrooms daily.

Diese Grammatikregel ist kompliziert.

Teachers might also use it to warn students about an upcoming topic: 'Das nächste Kapitel wird etwas komplizierter' (The next chapter will be a bit more complicated). In the realm of personal relationships, 'kompliziert' is the standard word used to describe messy romantic situations.
Relationships
Used to describe undefined or difficult romantic statuses.
Just like on social media platforms where relationship statuses can be set to 'It's complicated', Germans say 'Es ist kompliziert'. You will hear this in cafes when friends are gossiping about their dating lives.

Mein Liebesleben ist kompliziert.

Furthermore, in the media, journalists and politicians use 'kompliziert' to describe geopolitical situations, economic policies, or legal frameworks. When watching the 'Tagesschau' (a popular German news program), you might hear a reporter state that the negotiations between two countries are 'äußerst kompliziert' (extremely complicated). This highlights the word's flexibility; it is just as appropriate in a high-level political analysis as it is in a teenager's complaint about a video game.

Die politischen Verhandlungen sind kompliziert.

You will also encounter it in literature and film. A movie character might exclaim 'Warum muss alles so kompliziert sein?' (Why does everything have to be so complicated?) during a dramatic climax.
Media
Common in movies to express frustration.
In technical manuals or DIY instructions, the word might appear as a warning: 'Achtung, der Aufbau ist kompliziert' (Warning, the assembly is complicated).

Der Aufbau des Schranks ist kompliziert.

Even in medical contexts, a doctor might describe a surgery or a diagnosis as 'kompliziert' to prepare a patient for a difficult process. Because it is a loanword from Latin, it sounds slightly more elevated than a simple Germanic word like 'schwer' (heavy/hard), yet it is fully integrated into everyday speech. Listening for 'kompliziert' in various contexts will help you understand not just the language, but the cultural attitude towards problem-solving and complexity in German-speaking countries.
When learning to use 'kompliziert', students often make a few predictable mistakes, primarily related to grammar, spelling, and nuance. The most frequent error involves adjective declension. Because 'kompliziert' is a long word, learners sometimes forget to add the necessary endings when placing it before a noun.
Declension Error
Forgetting the ending: 'ein kompliziert Problem' instead of 'ein kompliziertes Problem'.
They might say 'ein kompliziert Problem' instead of the correct 'ein kompliziertes Problem'. This mistake immediately marks the speaker as a beginner, although native speakers will still understand the meaning.

Das ist ein kompliziertes Thema.

To avoid this, you must rigorously practice the German case system and remember that 'kompliziert' behaves exactly like short adjectives such as 'gut' or 'schlecht'. Another common grammatical mistake occurs when forming the comparative and superlative. Some learners try to add an umlaut, thinking it follows the pattern of words like 'alt' (älter) or 'groß' (größer). However, 'kompliziert' simply takes the standard suffixes: 'komplizierter' and 'am kompliziertesten'.

Das ist komplizierter als vorher.

Spelling is another area where learners stumble. The word has four syllables and ends in '-ziert'. English speakers sometimes misspell it as 'kompliziert' with a 'c' instead of a 'k' (complicirt) or forget the 'i' before the 'e' in the final syllable.
Spelling
Always starts with a K and ends with -ziert.
Remember that in German, words of Latin origin that end in '-cated' in English often end in '-ziert' in German (e.g., educated -> gebildet, but complicated -> kompliziert, infected -> infiziert).

Bitte buchstabiere kompliziert.

Pronunciation mistakes are also prevalent. The 'z' in German is pronounced like 'ts', not like the buzzing English 'z'. Therefore, the final syllable should sound like 'tseert', not 'zeert'. Furthermore, learners sometimes confuse 'kompliziert' with 'schwer' (hard/heavy) or 'schwierig' (difficult). While they are often interchangeable, there is a subtle difference.

Die Aufgabe ist schwer und kompliziert.

'Schwer' often implies physical effort or emotional burden, whereas 'kompliziert' specifically implies structural complexity or a multitude of factors. For example, lifting a heavy box is 'schwer', but assembling the box from fifty different pieces is 'kompliziert'.
Nuance
Schwer = hard effort; Kompliziert = complex structure.
Using 'kompliziert' to describe lifting a heavy weight would sound unnatural to a German speaker. Finally, a minor stylistic mistake is overusing the word. While it is a great word, using it in every sentence can make your German sound repetitive.

Mache es nicht so kompliziert.

Expanding your vocabulary to include synonyms like 'komplex', 'aufwendig' (time-consuming/elaborate), or 'verwickelt' (tangled/involved) will make your speech much more dynamic and native-like. By being aware of these common pitfalls—declension, comparative forms, spelling, pronunciation, and nuance—you can master the use of 'kompliziert' and speak German with greater confidence and accuracy.
When expanding your German vocabulary beyond the basic A1 level, it is crucial to learn synonyms and related terms for 'kompliziert'. While 'kompliziert' is an excellent and versatile word, using a variety of adjectives will make your German sound more natural, precise, and sophisticated. The most direct synonym is 'komplex'.
Komplex
A direct synonym, often used in scientific or academic contexts.
'Komplex' is used almost identically to 'kompliziert', but it often carries a slightly more formal or academic tone. You might use 'kompliziert' to describe a frustrating board game, but you would use 'komplex' to describe a biological ecosystem or a macroeconomic theory.

Die Struktur ist sehr komplex.

Another very common related word is 'schwierig', which translates to 'difficult' or 'hard'. While all complicated things are usually difficult, not all difficult things are complicated. For example, running a marathon is 'schwierig' (difficult) because it requires physical endurance, but it is not necessarily 'kompliziert' (complicated) because the action itself is just running.

Die Prüfung war schwierig.

'Schwer' is another word that learners often mix up with 'kompliziert'. 'Schwer' primarily means 'heavy' in a physical sense, but it is also used colloquially to mean 'hard'.
Schwer
Means heavy or hard, but lacks the nuance of multiple interconnected parts.
If you want to describe something that is complicated because it has many tangled or confusing parts, you can use the word 'verwickelt'. This translates roughly to 'involved' or 'tangled'.

Das ist eine verwickelte Geschichte.

You might hear 'eine verwickelte Geschichte' to describe a story with many plot twists or a complicated lie. Another excellent synonym, especially in professional or technical contexts, is 'aufwendig'. This word translates to 'elaborate', 'costly', or 'time-consuming'. If a process is complicated because it requires many steps and a lot of effort, 'aufwendig' is the perfect descriptor.

Die Reparatur ist sehr aufwendig.

For describing things that are difficult to understand because they are profound or obscure, you might use 'tiefgründig' (profound) or 'undurchschaubar' (opaque/inscrutable).
Undurchschaubar
Used when something is so complicated it cannot be understood.
On the opposite end of the spectrum, it is also helpful to know the antonyms. The most common opposite of 'kompliziert' is 'einfach' (simple/easy).

Das ist ganz einfach.

Another antonym is 'leicht' (light/easy). By learning these related words, you can create a mental web of vocabulary that allows you to express exactly what kind of difficulty or complexity you are encountering. Instead of relying solely on 'kompliziert', you can choose 'komplex' for science, 'schwierig' for general hardship, 'verwickelt' for messy situations, and 'aufwendig' for tasks requiring immense effort. This nuanced approach will significantly elevate your German proficiency.

How Formal Is It?

難易度

知っておくべき文法

Predicate Adjectives (no endings)

Attributive Adjectives (with endings)

Comparative and Superlative of Adjectives

Adverbial use of Adjectives

Negation with 'nicht'

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レベル別の例文

1

Das ist kompliziert.

That is complicated.

Used as a predicate adjective, no ending required.

2

Deutsch ist kompliziert.

German is complicated.

Predicate adjective describing a noun.

3

Ist das kompliziert?

Is that complicated?

Question structure with the verb first.

4

Das Spiel ist kompliziert.

The game is complicated.

Describing a specific neuter noun.

5

Nein, das ist nicht kompliziert.

No, that is not complicated.

Negation using 'nicht'.

6

Die Hausaufgabe ist kompliziert.

The homework is complicated.

Describing a feminine noun.

7

Das ist zu kompliziert für mich.

That is too complicated for me.

Using 'zu' to express excess.

8

Alles ist kompliziert.

Everything is complicated.

Used with the indefinite pronoun 'alles'.

1

Das ist ein kompliziertes Problem.

That is a complicated problem.

Attributive adjective with neuter nominative ending '-es'.

2

Ich finde das sehr kompliziert.

I find that very complicated.

Using 'finden' to express an opinion.

3

Wir haben eine komplizierte Situation.

We have a complicated situation.

Attributive adjective with feminine accusative ending '-e'.

4

Das neue Handy ist komplizierter.

The new phone is more complicated.

Comparative form '-er'.

5

Warum muss alles so kompliziert sein?

Why does everything have to be so complicated?

Modal verb 'müssen' with infinitive 'sein'.

6

Er ist ein komplizierter Mensch.

He is a complicated person.

Attributive adjective with masculine nominative ending '-er'.

7

Die Regeln sind ein bisschen kompliziert.

The rules are a bit complicated.

Using 'ein bisschen' to soften the adjective.

8

Das war eine komplizierte Woche.

That was a complicated week.

Past tense 'war' with attributive adjective.

1

Es ist am kompliziertesten, wenn viele Leute mitreden.

It is most complicated when many people have a say.

Superlative form 'am kompliziertesten'.

2

Trotz der komplizierten Anleitung habe ich es geschafft.

Despite the complicated instructions, I managed it.

Genitive case after the preposition 'trotz'.

3

Ich mag keine komplizierten Filme.

I don't like complicated movies.

Plural accusative adjective ending '-en'.

4

Die Beziehung zwischen den beiden ist äußerst kompliziert.

The relationship between the two is extremely complicated.

Using the strong adverb 'äußerst'.

5

Mach es doch nicht komplizierter als es ist!

Don't make it more complicated than it is!

Imperative with comparative form.

6

Wir stehen vor einer komplizierten Entscheidung.

We are facing a complicated decision.

Dative case after the preposition 'vor'.

7

Das ist eine Frage, die sehr kompliziert zu beantworten ist.

That is a question that is very complicated to answer.

Relative clause with 'zu' + infinitive.

8

Er erklärte den komplizierten Prozess sehr gut.

He explained the complicated process very well.

Masculine accusative ending '-en'.

1

Die Umsetzung dieses Gesetzes erweist sich als unerwartet kompliziert.

The implementation of this law is proving to be unexpectedly complicated.

Reflexive verb 'sich erweisen als' with adverb 'unerwartet'.

2

Man neigt dazu, einfache Dinge unnötig kompliziert zu machen.

One tends to make simple things unnecessarily complicated.

Infinitive clause with 'dazu neigen'.

3

Aufgrund der komplizierten Sachlage müssen wir Experten hinzuziehen.

Due to the complicated factual situation, we must consult experts.

Genitive preposition 'aufgrund'.

4

Je komplizierter das System, desto fehleranfälliger ist es.

The more complicated the system, the more prone to errors it is.

Je... desto... comparative structure.

5

Sie hat eine Vorliebe für komplizierte literarische Werke.

She has a preference for complicated literary works.

Plural accusative adjective without an article.

6

Das Komplizierte daran ist, alle Beteiligten zufriedenzustellen.

The complicated thing about it is satisfying all participants.

Nominalized adjective 'Das Komplizierte'.

7

Es wäre weitaus weniger kompliziert, wenn wir früher angefangen hätten.

It would be far less complicated if we had started earlier.

Konjunktiv II (Subjunctive II) for hypothetical situations.

8

Wir müssen diesen komplizierten Sachverhalt entwirren.

We have to untangle this complicated state of affairs.

Advanced vocabulary 'Sachverhalt' and 'entwirren'.

1

Die geopolitischen Verflechtungen in dieser Region sind hochgradig kompliziert.

The geopolitical interdependencies in this region are highly complicated.

Academic vocabulary 'Verflechtungen' and 'hochgradig'.

2

Er verstrickte sich in ein Netz aus komplizierten Lügen.

He entangled himself in a web of complicated lies.

Metaphorical use with dative plural ending '-en'.

3

Eine derart komplizierte Fragestellung bedarf einer interdisziplinären Herangehensweise.

Such a complicated question requires an interdisciplinary approach.

Verb 'bedürfen' taking the genitive case.

4

Die Finanzierungsstruktur des Projekts ist dermaßen kompliziert, dass kaum jemand sie durchschaut.

The financing structure of the project is so complicated that hardly anyone sees through it.

Consecutive clause with 'dermaßen... dass'.

5

Trotz der unbestreitbar komplizierten Ausgangslage erzielten sie einen Durchbruch.

Despite the undeniably complicated initial situation, they achieved a breakthrough.

Complex prepositional phrase with genitive.

6

Es gilt, die komplizierten Mechanismen der Zellteilung zu entschlüsseln.

It is necessary to decode the complicated mechanisms of cell division.

Impersonal construct 'Es gilt' + zu-infinitive.

7

Ihre Argumentation war schlüssig, wenn auch im Detail etwas kompliziert.

Her argumentation was coherent, albeit a bit complicated in detail.

Concessive clause 'wenn auch'.

8

Wir dürfen uns nicht von der komplizierten Natur des Problems abschrecken lassen.

We must not let ourselves be deterred by the complicated nature of the problem.

Passive alternative 'sich lassen' + infinitive.

1

Die Dialektik Hegels ist notorisch kompliziert und entzieht sich einer einfachen Zusammenfassung.

Hegel's dialectic is notoriously complicated and eludes a simple summary.

Highly academic register and vocabulary.

2

In einem bürokratischen Akt von beispiellos komplizierter Natur wurde der Antrag abgelehnt.

In a bureaucratic act of unprecedentedly complicated nature, the application was rejected.

Complex noun phrase with genitive attribute.

3

Die schiere Kompliziertheit des Unterfangens ließ selbst erfahrene Ingenieure verzweifeln.

The sheer complicatedness of the undertaking caused even experienced engineers to despair.

Using the noun form 'Kompliziertheit'.

4

Er pflegte seine Gedanken in unnötig komplizierte Schachtelsätze zu kleiden.

He used to clothe his thoughts in unnecessarily complicated nested sentences.

Literary style with 'pflegen zu' and metaphorical 'kleiden'.

5

Das ist keine bloße Schwierigkeit, sondern ein fundamental kompliziertes Paradoxon.

This is not a mere difficulty, but a fundamentally complicated paradox.

Contrasting 'Schwierigkeit' with 'kompliziertes Paradoxon'.

6

Wie kompliziert sich die Sachlage auch darstellen mag, wir müssen handeln.

However complicated the situation may present itself, we must act.

Concessive clause with 'Wie... auch... mag'.

7

Die juristische Auslegung dieses Paragraphen ist derart kompliziert, dass sie Bände füllt.

The legal interpretation of this paragraph is so complicated that it fills volumes.

Idiomatic expression 'Bände füllen'.

8

Man darf die komplizierten sozioökonomischen Ursachen nicht auf einfache Slogans reduzieren.

One must not reduce the complicated socioeconomic causes to simple slogans.

Advanced socio-political discourse.

よく使う組み合わせ

sehr kompliziert
zu kompliziert
ein kompliziertes Problem
eine komplizierte Situation
unnötig kompliziert
äußerst kompliziert
kompliziert machen
es ist kompliziert
komplizierte Beziehung
komplizierter Prozess

よく使うフレーズ

Es ist kompliziert.
Mach es nicht so kompliziert.
Das ist mir zu kompliziert.
Warum einfach, wenn es auch kompliziert geht?
Eine komplizierte Angelegenheit.
Ein komplizierter Fall.
Das klingt kompliziert.
Es wird kompliziert.
Kompliziert zu erklären.
Ein komplizierter Mensch.

よく混同される語

Kompliziert vs schwer (heavy/hard)

Kompliziert vs schwierig (difficult)

Kompliziert vs komplex (complex)

慣用句と表現

"Warum einfach, wenn es auch kompliziert geht? (Why do it simply when you can do it the hard way?)"
"Ein Buch mit sieben Siegeln (A book with seven seals - meaning very complicated)"
"Fachchinesisch reden (To talk shop/jargon - making things sound complicated)"
"Sich ein Bein ausreißen (To tear one's leg out - doing something very complicated/hard)"
"Ein harter Brocken (A tough nut to crack - a complicated problem)"
"Sich im Kreis drehen (To go in circles - in a complicated situation)"
"Den Faden verlieren (To lose the thread - in a complicated story)"
"Sich den Kopf zerbrechen (To rack one's brain over something complicated)"
"Aus einer Mücke einen Elefanten machen (To make a mountain out of a molehill - overcomplicating)"
"Das Haar in der Suppe suchen (To look for the hair in the soup - complicating things by finding minor faults)"

間違えやすい

Kompliziert vs

Kompliziert vs

Kompliziert vs

Kompliziert vs

Kompliziert vs

文型パターン

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使い方

nuance

Implies a structural difficulty due to many parts, unlike 'schwer' which implies physical weight or general hardship.

frequency

Extremely high frequency in spoken and written German.

colloquial use

Often used as a standalone complaint: 'Ach, kompliziert!'

よくある間違い
  • Forgetting the adjective ending when used before a noun (e.g., saying 'ein kompliziert Problem' instead of 'ein kompliziertes Problem').
  • Pronouncing the 'z' like an English 'z' instead of a 'ts'.
  • Adding an umlaut in the comparative form ('kömplizierter' instead of 'komplizierter').
  • Using 'kompliziert' to mean physically heavy (confusing it with 'schwer').
  • Spelling it with a 'c' instead of a 'k' ('compliziert').

ヒント

Predicate vs. Attribute

Keep it simple as a beginner by using 'kompliziert' after the verb 'sein'. For example, 'Das Auto ist kompliziert'. This avoids the need for complex adjective endings. Once you are comfortable, start placing it before nouns like 'ein kompliziertes Auto'.

The Sharp Z

Focus heavily on the 'z' in the middle of the word. It must be a sharp 'ts' sound. Say 'kompli-TS-iert'. A buzzing English 'z' sounds very unnatural in German.

Pair with Adverbs

Enhance your sentences by adding adverbs of degree. Use 'sehr kompliziert' (very), 'zu kompliziert' (too), or 'etwas kompliziert' (somewhat). This adds much-needed nuance to your descriptions.

Bureaucracy Complaints

Use this word to bond with Germans over bureaucratic frustrations. Complaining that a form or process is 'zu kompliziert' is a national pastime. It is a great icebreaker in casual conversations.

Upgrade to Komplex

If you are taking a B2 or C1 exam, try swapping 'kompliziert' for 'komplex' in your writing. It shows a higher level of vocabulary. However, keep using 'kompliziert' for everyday speech.

Learn the Sarcastic Phrase

Memorize 'Warum einfach, wenn es auch kompliziert geht?'. Use it when a friend takes the longest route possible to solve a problem. It will definitely get a laugh and show cultural fluency.

K not C

Remember that German usually replaces the English 'c' with a 'k' in Latin loanwords. It is 'kompliziert', never 'compliziert'. Also, don't forget the 'i' before the 'e' at the end.

Customer Service Cue

If you hear this word on the phone with a German company, take a deep breath. It usually means your request cannot be handled quickly. It is a polite warning of an impending delay.

Not for Heavy Lifting

Do not use 'kompliziert' to describe physical weight. A heavy box is 'schwer', not 'kompliziert'. Only use it for structural or mental complexity.

The Facebook Status

If someone asks about your messy dating life, just sigh and say 'Es ist kompliziert'. It is universally understood. No further explanation will be required.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of 'COMPLIcated' and just add a 'Z' sound in the middle: KOM-PLI-TSEERT.

視覚的連想

Imagine a piece of paper folded (Latin: complicare) so many times it forms a 'Z' shape, making it KOMPLI-Z-IERT to unfold.

語源

Borrowed from Latin 'complicatus', past participle of 'complicare' (to fold together).

文化的な背景

Germans will directly tell you if your idea is 'zu kompliziert' rather than politely pretending it is good.

Germany is famous for its bureaucracy, so 'kompliziert' is frequently used to describe paperwork and official processes.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

会話のきっかけ

"Findest du die deutsche Grammatik kompliziert?"

"Was ist das komplizierteste Gerät in deinem Haus?"

"Warum sind Beziehungen manchmal so kompliziert?"

"Gibt es ein Spiel, das du zu kompliziert findest?"

"Wie gehst du mit komplizierten Problemen um?"

日記のテーマ

Beschreibe eine Situation in deinem Leben, die gerade sehr kompliziert ist.

Was war das komplizierteste Thema in der Schule für dich?

Schreibe über ein Buch oder einen Film mit einer komplizierten Handlung.

Wie kann man ein kompliziertes Problem einfacher machen?

Ist das Leben heute komplizierter als vor 50 Jahren? Warum?

よくある質問

10 問

'Schwer' literally means heavy, like a rock. It is used colloquially to mean hard or difficult, often implying physical or emotional effort. 'Kompliziert' specifically means complicated or complex, implying that something has many interconnected parts. You would say a math problem is 'kompliziert', but lifting a car is 'schwer'. Using them interchangeably is common but slightly inaccurate.

The 'z' in German is never pronounced like the buzzing English 'z'. It is always pronounced as a sharp 'ts' sound, like the end of the word 'cats'. Therefore, the final syllable is pronounced 'tseert'. Practicing this 'ts' sound is crucial for a good German accent. Mispronouncing it will immediately mark you as an English speaker.

No, it does not. Unlike some short German adjectives (like alt -> älter), 'kompliziert' is a long, Latin-derived word. It simply takes the standard '-er' ending to become 'komplizierter'. The superlative is 'am kompliziertesten'. Never write 'kömplizierter'.

Yes, absolutely. If you say 'Er ist ein komplizierter Mensch', it means he is a complicated person. This usually implies that the person is difficult to deal with, high-maintenance, or has unpredictable moods. It is a very common way to describe someone who is not easygoing. It is similar to saying someone is 'difficult' in English.

It is a universally applicable word, suitable for both formal and informal contexts. You can use it in a casual chat with friends ('Das Spiel ist kompliziert') or in a formal business meeting ('Der Vertrag ist kompliziert'). However, in highly academic writing, 'komplex' is sometimes preferred as a synonym. But 'kompliziert' is never considered slang or inappropriate.

The most common and direct opposite is 'einfach', which means simple or easy. Another opposite is 'leicht', which means light or easy. If someone asks if a task is complicated, you can reply 'Nein, es ist ganz einfach' (No, it is quite simple). Knowing both words helps you express contrasting ideas clearly.

You translate it literally: 'Es ist kompliziert'. This phrase has become very popular in Germany, partly due to social media relationship statuses. It perfectly conveys that a romantic situation is messy or undefined. You can use it exactly as you would in English. It is a great, natural-sounding phrase to know.

The word is derived from the Latin past participle 'complicatus'. In German, many verbs of Latin origin end in '-ieren' (komplizieren). The past participle of these verbs ends in '-iert' (kompliziert). Over time, this past participle became used as a standard adjective. This is a common pattern in German for loanwords.

It depends on where it is in the sentence. If it comes after the verb 'sein' (Das ist kompliziert), it does not change. If it comes directly before a noun (ein kompliziertes Buch), it must take an adjective declension ending based on gender, number, and case. This is a fundamental rule of German grammar. Practice your declension tables!

This is a very common, sarcastic German idiom. It translates to 'Why do it simply when you can do it the complicated way?'. Germans use it when someone overcomplicates a simple task or when a bureaucratic process is unnecessarily convoluted. It highlights the cultural preference for efficiency and frustration with unnecessary complexity. It is a great phrase to use to sound like a native.

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