Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Turn a simple action into a 'caused' action by adding the suffix '-a' (আ) to the verb root.
- Add '-a' to the root: 'Kha' (eat) becomes 'Kha-oa' (feed).
- The person performing the action takes the '-ke' (কে) marker.
- Vowels in the root often shift: 'o' (অ) often becomes 'u' (উ).
Meanings
The causative form (Proyojok Kriya) indicates that the subject is not performing the action themselves, but is causing, directing, or helping someone else to perform it.
Direct Causation
Physically helping or forcing someone to do an action.
“আমি তাকে বসিয়ে দিলাম (I made him sit down / I seated him).”
“শিক্ষক ছাত্রকে পড়াচ্ছেন (The teacher is teaching/making the student read).”
Indirect Direction
Ordering or requesting a service where someone else performs the task.
“আমি চুল কাটালাম (I got my hair cut).”
“বাবা বাড়িটা রঙ করালেন (Father had the house painted).”
Intransitive to Transitive Shift
Turning a state-of-being or self-contained action into an action directed at an object.
“গাছটি বাড়ছে (The tree is growing).”
“আমি গাছটি বাড়াচ্ছি (I am growing/increasing the tree).”
Causative Verb Formation (Root to Causative)
| Simple Root | Meaning | Causative Root | Causative Meaning | Vowel Shift |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kor (কর) | Do | Kora (করা) | Cause to do | None |
| Dekh (দেখ) | See | Dekha (দেখা) | Show | None |
| Shon (শোন) | Hear | Shuna (শুনা) | Play/Tell | o -> u |
| Pora (পড়া) | Read | Porano (পড়ানো) | Teach | None |
| Kha (খা) | Eat | Khaoya (খাওয়া) | Feed | a -> aoa |
| Oth (ওঠ) | Rise | Utha (উঠা) | Lift/Raise | o -> u |
| Bol (বল) | Say | Bola (বলা) | Inform/Cause to say | None |
| Dhor (ধর) | Hold | Dhora (ধরা) | Cause to hold | None |
Colloquial (Cholit) vs. Formal (Sadhu) Causative Infinitives
| Verb | Cholit (Standard) | Sadhu (Formal) |
|---|---|---|
| To feed | Khawano (খাওয়ানো) | Khawa-iyano (খাওয়াইয়ানো) |
| To show | Dekhano (দেখানো) | Dekha-iyano (দেখাইয়ানো) |
| To teach | Porano (পড়ানো) | Pora-iyano (পড়াইয়ানো) |
| To cause to do | Korano (করানো) | Kora-iyano (করাইয়ানো) |
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example (Bengali) | Example (English) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Affirmative | Subject + Object-ke + Causative Verb | আমি তাকে হাসালাম। | I made him laugh. |
| Negative | Subject + Object-ke + Causative Verb + na | আমি তাকে হাসালাম না। | I didn't make him laugh. |
| Interrogative | Subject + Object-ke + Causative Verb + ki? | তুমি কি তাকে হাসালে? | Did you make him laugh? |
| Future | Subject + Object-ke + Causative Root + bo/be | আমি তোমাকে দেখাবো। | I will show you. |
| Continuous | Subject + Object-ke + Causative Root + chhi/chhe | মা শিশুকে খাওয়াচ্ছেন। | Mother is feeding the baby. |
| With Agent | Subject + Agent + diye + Causative Verb | আমি তাকে দিয়ে কাজটা করালাম। | I had him do the work. |
| Imperative | Object-ke + Causative Verb (Root+o) | তাকে ছবিটা দেখাও। | Show him the picture. |
フォーマル度スペクトル
আমি আপনাকে বাড়িটি দেখাইব। (Sadhu) (Real Estate / Hosting)
আমি আপনাকে বাড়িটা দেখাবো। (Real Estate / Hosting)
আমি তোকে বাড়িটা দেখাব। (Real Estate / Hosting)
বাড়িটা দেখায়া দিমু। (Dhakaiya/Casual) (Real Estate / Hosting)
The Causative Ecosystem
Physical
- খাওয়ানো Feeding
- বসানো Seating
Intellectual
- পড়ানো Teaching
- জানানো Informing
Services
- করানো Getting done
- কাটানো Getting cut
Transitive vs. Causative
Is it Causative?
Is the subject doing the action alone?
Is the subject causing someone else to act?
Common Causative Pairs
Food
- • Kha (Eat)
- • Khawa (Feed)
Education
- • Pora (Read)
- • Porano (Teach)
Vision
- • Dekha (See)
- • Dekhano (Show)
レベル別の例文
আমি ভাত খাই।
I eat rice.
মা আমাকে ভাত খাওয়ান।
Mother feeds me rice.
আমি ছবি দেখি।
I see the picture.
সে আমাকে ছবি দেখায়।
He shows me the picture.
তুমি কি বই পড়ছো?
Are you reading the book?
শিক্ষক আমাদের পড়াচ্ছেন।
The teacher is teaching us.
আমি তাকে বসতে বললাম।
I told him to sit.
আমি তাকে চেয়ারে বসালাম।
I seated him on the chair.
আমি দর্জিকে দিয়ে জামাটা বানাবো।
I will have the tailor make the dress.
সে আমাকে দিয়ে কাজটা করালো।
He made me do the work.
গানটা আমাকে শোনাও।
Play the song for me (Make me hear the song).
তুমি কেন তাকে কাঁদালে?
Why did you make him cry?
সরকার নতুন আইনটি কার্যকর করালো।
The government had the new law implemented.
তিনি আমাকে দিয়ে পুরো ঘটনাটি লিখিয়ে নিলেন।
He had me write down the whole incident.
বাচ্চাটিকে ঘুম পাড়ানো খুব কঠিন।
Putting the baby to sleep is very difficult.
আমি তাকে সত্যটা জানাবো।
I will inform him of the truth.
লেখক তাঁর লেখনীর মাধ্যমে সমাজকে জাগিয়ে তোলেন।
The author awakens society through his writing.
পরিস্থিতি তাকে এই কঠিন সিদ্ধান্ত নিতে বাধ্য করালো।
The situation forced him to take this difficult decision.
তিনি নিজের ছেলেকে দিয়ে ব্যবসাটি চালিয়ে নিচ্ছেন।
He is having his son run the business.
এই দৃশ্যটি আমাকে আমার শৈশব মনে করিয়ে দেয়।
This scene makes me remember my childhood.
প্রাচীনকালে রাজারা প্রজাদের দিয়ে বিশাল মন্দির নির্মাণ করাতেন।
In ancient times, kings used to have subjects build massive temples.
তাঁর বক্তৃতা শ্রোতাদের মনে দেশপ্রেমের জোয়ার বইয়ে দিল।
His speech caused a tide of patriotism to flow in the listeners' minds.
তিনি কৌশলে প্রতিপক্ষকে দিয়ে নিজের স্বার্থ হাসিল করিয়ে নিলেন।
He tactfully had his interests served by the opponent.
প্রকৃতি নিজেই নিজেকে প্রতিনিয়ত সাজিয়ে চলেছে।
Nature itself is constantly adorning itself.
間違えやすい
Both involve an action happening to someone, but causative has an active 'instigator'.
Learners often mix up 'to learn' and 'to teach'.
Confusing 'knowing' with 'informing'.
よくある間違い
Ami take khaoa.
Ami take khawai.
Ma bacha bhat khaway.
Ma bacha-ke bhat khaway.
Ami dekha.
Ami dekhai.
Se amake hasi.
Se amake hasay.
Ami take kajta korte korlam.
Ami take diye kajta koralam.
Tumi ki shonabe?
Tumi ki shunabe?
Ami bacha-ke ghum korai.
Ami bacha-ke ghum parai.
Ami take diye gari thik korlam.
Ami take diye gari thik koralam.
Ami take janlam.
Ami take janalam.
Bacha-ke bhat khawa-o.
Bacha-ke bhat khawa-oyano.
Sikkhok chhatro-ke poray.
Sikkhok chhatro-ke poran.
Ami kajta koraiyechhi.
Ami kajta koriyechhi.
Tumi amake boka banale.
Tumi amake boka banale (Correct, but 'boka banano' is an idiom).
文型パターン
আমি ___ কে ___ করাই।
মা শিশুকে ___ খাওয়াচ্ছেন।
তিনি আমাকে দিয়ে ___ লিখিয়ে নিলেন।
এই সিনেমাটি আমাকে ___ মনে করিয়ে দেয়।
Real World Usage
জামাটা ছোট করিয়ে দিন। (Make the dress smaller.)
আমি আমার দলকে দিয়ে লক্ষ্য অর্জন করিয়েছি। (I had my team achieve the goals.)
নতুন ছবিটা সবাইকে দেখাও! (Show the new photo to everyone!)
বাচ্চাটাকে ওষুধটা খাইয়ে দিন। (Feed the medicine to the baby.)
গাইড আমাদের পুরো শহরটা দেখালেন। (The guide showed us the whole city.)
আমি কলটা ঠিক করালাম। (I had the tap fixed.)
The 'o' to 'u' Rule
Don't use 'Kora' as 'Make'
Politeness with Causatives
Look for '-ano'
Smart Tips
Don't look for a word for 'had'. Just take the verb 'thik kora' (to fix) and change it to 'thik korano'.
Use the causative 'janano' (to inform) instead of 'bola' (to tell). It sounds much more professional.
Assume it's causative. Remove the -ano, find the root, and you'll know the basic action.
Always put the '-ke' marker before 'diye' if it's a specific person.
発音
The '-a' suffix stress
The stress usually falls on the first syllable of the root, but the '-a' suffix is clearly articulated.
Vowel Harmony
When 'o' shifts to 'u', the 'u' is short and crisp.
Causative Question
Tumi ki khawabe? ↗
Rising intonation at the end for a yes/no question.
暗記しよう
記憶術
Remember: 'A' for 'Another'. If the verb ends in 'A' (আ), someone else is doing the action for 'Another' person's benefit or command.
視覚的連想
Imagine a puppet master. The puppet master (Subject) pulls the strings (the '-a' suffix) to make the puppet (Object) move. The strings are the causative link.
Rhyme
If you want to show, not just see, Add an 'A' to the verb, you'll agree!
Story
A teacher (Sikkhok) doesn't just read (Pora); he teaches (Porano). He makes the students (Chhatro-ke) read. To do this, he uses his 'magic suffix' -ano to transfer the knowledge from his book to their minds.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Look around your room. For every action you can do (e.g., sit, read, see), try to say the Bengali causative form and imagine making someone else do it.
文化メモ
Standard Cholit Bhasha is used, with clear vowel shifts (o -> u).
Often uses '-ano' more frequently and may have slightly different vowel sounds in casual speech.
Causatives are often combined with 'deya' (to give) to show that the action was done as a favor.
Derived from the Sanskrit 'Nic' (ণিচ্) suffix, which was used to form causative verbs (e.g., 'karayati' from 'karoti').
会話のきっかけ
আপনি কি আমাকে আপনার শহরটা দেখাবেন?
আপনার প্রিয় রান্না আমাকে শেখাবেন?
আপনি কি কখনো কাউকে দিয়ে আপনার কাজ করিয়েছেন?
বাচ্চাদের খাওয়ানো কেন এত কঠিন?
日記のテーマ
Test Yourself
মা শিশুকে ভাত ___।
আমি তোমাকে আমার নতুন বাড়ি ___।
Find and fix the mistake:
আমি তাকে দিয়ে কাজটা করলাম।
আমি পড়ি।
Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:
Adding -a to a root always requires a vowel shift.
A: তুমি কি গানটা শুনেছ? B: না, আমাকে ___।
List: করি, দেখি, জানাই, খাই
Score: /8
練習問題
8 exercisesমা শিশুকে ভাত ___।
আমি তোমাকে আমার নতুন বাড়ি ___।
Find and fix the mistake:
আমি তাকে দিয়ে কাজটা করলাম।
আমি পড়ি।
1. Shona, 2. Jana, 3. Otha
Adding -a to a root always requires a vowel shift.
A: তুমি কি গানটা শুনেছ? B: না, আমাকে ___।
List: করি, দেখি, জানাই, খাই
Score: /8
よくある質問 (8)
'Kora' means 'to do' (you do it). 'Korano' means 'to cause to do' (you make someone else do it).
This is due to vowel harmony. The 'o' sound shifts to 'u' when the causative suffix '-a' is added.
No, 'toiyari' means 'to manufacture'. For causation, you must use the verb suffix system.
Use 'diye' after the person who is actually performing the action (e.g., 'Ami take diye...' - I by him...).
Yes, exactly. It is the causative form of 'to see'.
Most do, but some verbs that are already causative in nature or very abstract might not use it frequently.
Use the causative of cut: 'Ami chul katalam' (I caused the hair to be cut).
Yes, it is very common in all registers of Bengali, from slang to formal legal documents.
Scaffolded Practice
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2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
make / have / get
Bengali changes the verb itself; English adds a helper verb.
hacer + infinitive
Spanish uses a separate verb 'hacer' for most cases.
-(s)aseru
Japanese has more complex rules for 'make' vs 'let' within the same suffix.
Form II (Fa'ala) / Form IV (Af'ala)
Arabic uses root patterns; Bengali uses suffixes.
faire + infinitive
French requires two verbs; Bengali requires one.
lassen
German 'lassen' is a separate modal-like verb.
让 (ràng) / 使 (shǐ)
Chinese is purely analytic; Bengali is synthetic/agglutinative.
