Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'did' for questions and 'didn't' for negatives, and always keep the main verb in its base form.
- Use 'did' + subject + base verb for questions: 'Did you eat?'
- Use subject + 'didn't' + base verb for negatives: 'I didn't eat.'
- Never use past tense verbs (like 'ate') with 'did' or 'didn't'.
Overview
- I didn\'t walk to school.
- She didn\'t play football.
- They didn\'t go to the party.
- Did you walk to school?
- Did she play football?
- Did they go to the party?
- Yes, I did. / No, I didn\'t.
- Yes, she did. / No, she didn\'t.
- What did you do yesterday?
- Where did they go?
- When did she arrive?
2. Past Simple Negative and Question Formation
| Subject | Negative (didn't) | Question (Did...?) |
|---|---|---|
|
I
|
I didn't go
|
Did I go?
|
|
You
|
You didn't go
|
Did you go?
|
|
He/She/It
|
He didn't go
|
Did he go?
|
|
We
|
We didn't go
|
Did we go?
|
|
They
|
They didn't go
|
Did they go?
|
Contractions
| Full Form | Short Form |
|---|---|
|
did not
|
didn't
|
Meanings
The Past Simple negative and interrogative forms are used to describe actions that did not happen or to ask about actions that occurred in the past.
Negation
Expressing that an action did not occur in the past.
“I didn't go to the park.”
“She didn't see the movie.”
Interrogative
Asking about past events.
“Did you call him?”
“Did they arrive on time?”
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Negative
|
Subject + didn't + base verb
|
I didn't eat.
|
|
Question
|
Did + subject + base verb
|
Did you eat?
|
|
Short Yes
|
Yes, [subject] did.
|
Yes, I did.
|
|
Short No
|
No, [subject] didn't.
|
No, I didn't.
|
|
Wh- Question
|
Wh- + did + subject + verb
|
Where did you go?
|
|
Negative Wh-
|
Wh- + didn't + subject + verb
|
Why didn't you go?
|
フォーマル度スペクトル
Did you attend the meeting? (Business)
Did you go to the meeting? (Business)
You go to the meeting? (Business)
Catch the meeting? (Business)
The Past Simple Shield
Function
- Negation No
- Question Ask
Verb Rule
- Base Form No -ed
レベル別の例文
Did you eat?
Did you eat?
I didn't sleep.
I didn't sleep.
Did she call?
Did she call?
We didn't go.
We didn't go.
Did you finish the report?
Did you finish the report?
He didn't see the sign.
He didn't see the sign.
Did they like the food?
Did they like the food?
I didn't know the answer.
I didn't know the answer.
Why didn't you tell me?
Why didn't you tell me?
Did you manage to catch the train?
Did you manage to catch the train?
She didn't realize it was late.
She didn't realize it was late.
Did you happen to see my keys?
Did you happen to see my keys?
I didn't anticipate the outcome.
I didn't anticipate the outcome.
Did you consider the implications?
Did you consider the implications?
They didn't provide enough evidence.
They didn't provide enough evidence.
Did you find the solution?
Did you find the solution?
I didn't fathom the complexity of the issue.
I didn't fathom the complexity of the issue.
Did you perceive any underlying bias?
Did you perceive any underlying bias?
He didn't acknowledge the error.
He didn't acknowledge the error.
Did you ascertain the facts?
Did you ascertain the facts?
I didn't so much as glance at the document.
I didn't so much as glance at the document.
Did you, in fact, attend the gala?
Did you, in fact, attend the gala?
She didn't deign to reply.
She didn't deign to reply.
Did you ever contemplate the alternative?
Did you ever contemplate the alternative?
間違えやすい
Learners mix them because both refer to the past.
Learners use 'did' with 'be' verbs.
Learners confuse the helper 'did' with the verb 'do'.
よくある間違い
I didn't went.
I didn't go.
Did you went?
Did you go?
You went?
Did you go?
He didn't went.
He didn't go.
Did he ate?
Did he eat?
I didn't saw it.
I didn't see it.
Did they was there?
Were they there?
Why didn't you told me?
Why didn't you tell me?
Did you had fun?
Did you have fun?
I didn't knew.
I didn't know.
Did you did it?
Did you do it?
I didn't had the time.
I didn't have the time.
Did she went?
Did she go?
文型パターン
Did you ___ yesterday?
I didn't ___ because I was tired.
Why didn't you ___ the email?
Did you ___ the project on time?
Real World Usage
Did u get it?
I didn't have that experience.
Did you see this post?
Did you book the hotel?
Did you include the sauce?
Did the data support the hypothesis?
The 'Did' Rule
Avoid Double Past
Emphatic Did
Contractions
Smart Tips
Always start with 'Did' and keep the verb base.
Use 'didn't' and the base verb.
Remember the 'Did' shield protects the verb.
Put the Wh- word before 'did'.
発音
Didn't
The 't' at the end is often glottalized in casual speech.
Rising
Did you GO? ↗
Yes/No question.
Falling
Why didn't you GO? ↘
Wh- question.
暗記しよう
記憶術
When 'Did' enters the room, the past tense verb must leave.
視覚的連想
Imagine a 'Did' police officer stopping a verb from wearing its 'past tense' hat. The verb must take off the hat (the -ed) before it can pass.
Rhyme
When you see the word 'did', keep the verb like a kid.
Story
Yesterday, I saw a verb wearing a heavy 'ed' coat. Suddenly, 'Did' appeared and said, 'You don't need that coat here!' The verb took it off and felt light. Now, every time 'Did' or 'Didn't' arrives, the verb stays in its simple, light base form.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Write 5 things you didn't do yesterday and 5 questions you want to ask a friend about their weekend.
文化メモ
Very common to use contractions like 'didn't' even in professional settings.
Similar usage, but 'did' is sometimes used for emphasis.
Often uses 'did' in tag questions.
The auxiliary 'did' comes from the Old English 'don', meaning to do or make.
会話のきっかけ
Did you watch anything good last night?
Did you have a busy weekend?
Did you ever travel to a foreign country?
Did you face any challenges at work today?
日記のテーマ
よくある間違い
Test Yourself
I ___ (not/go) to the store.
Did you ___ the movie?
Find and fix the mistake:
Why did you ate that?
I bought a car.
A: Did you finish? B: No, I ___.
you / did / go / where / ?
Which is correct?
Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:
Score: /8
練習問題
8 exercisesI ___ (not/go) to the store.
Did you ___ the movie?
Find and fix the mistake:
Why did you ate that?
I bought a car.
A: Did you finish? B: No, I ___.
you / did / go / where / ?
Which is correct?
Did you sleep? / I didn't sleep.
Score: /8
よくある質問 (8)
It acts as an auxiliary to mark the past tense, so the main verb doesn't have to change.
No. Use 'was/were' for 'be'.
It is neutral and used in almost all contexts.
It doesn't matter! After 'did', always use the base form.
Put 'Did' at the start: 'Did you go?'
No, that is a common error. Use 'Did you go'.
'Do' is for present, 'did' is for past.
No, 'did' is the same for everyone.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Pretérito
English uses 'did' + base form; Spanish changes the verb ending.
Passé Composé
English base form vs. French past participle.
Präteritum
English requires an auxiliary for negation.
Ta-form
English structure is analytic; Japanese is agglutinative.
Past tense conjugation
English word order changes for questions.
Le/Guo markers
English requires auxiliary 'did' for questions.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
関連動画
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