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C2 adjective #10,000 よく出る 11分で読める

artillery

上位10,000

練習する例文メモとヒント artillery 30秒で

解説 artillery in your Level:

At the A1 level, 'artillery' is a very difficult word. You don't need to use it often. Think of it as a word for 'very big guns.' You might see it in a picture book about history or a movie about soldiers. It describes things related to those big guns. For example, an 'artillery gun' is a giant gun that shoots very far. You can remember it by thinking of 'big cannons.' At this level, just knowing it means 'related to big military guns' is enough. You won't need to use it in your daily life, but you might hear it if you watch the news or a war movie. It is much bigger than a normal gun that a person can carry. It usually needs a team of people to use it.

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At the A2 level, you can start to understand 'artillery' as a word for military equipment. It is an adjective that describes things like 'artillery fire' (the sound and action of big guns) or 'artillery units' (groups of soldiers who use big guns). You might learn this word if you are interested in history or games about war. It is a specific word, so you don't use it for small guns like pistols. If you see a very large gun on a ship or in a field, you can say it is an 'artillery piece.' It is a formal word. In your writing, you can use it to describe scenes in a story about the past. Just remember that it always refers to something big and powerful in the army.

無料登録して完全な解説を読む

At the B1 level, you should recognize 'artillery' as a technical military term. It functions as an adjective to describe weaponry that is larger than small arms. You will encounter it in news articles and history books. For example, you might read about 'artillery support,' which means big guns helping soldiers on the ground. It is important to distinguish it from other military words. Artillery is for long distances. You use the adjective to describe the shells (the big bullets), the fire (the shooting), and the soldiers (the artillerymen). When you use this word, it makes your English sound more precise and professional, especially when talking about world events or historical battles.

無料登録して完全な解説を読む

At the B2 level, you are expected to use 'artillery' correctly in context. You understand that it is used as an adjective to modify nouns like 'barrage,' 'battery,' and 'logistics.' You can use it to talk about the strategic importance of heavy weaponry in a conflict. For instance, you might discuss how 'artillery fire' affects civilian areas or how 'artillery tactics' have changed over time. You should also be aware of its metaphorical use, though it is rare. At this level, you can differentiate between 'artillery' and 'infantry' or 'cavalry.' Your vocabulary is becoming more specialized, allowing you to discuss complex topics like military history or international relations with greater accuracy.

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At the C1 level, you have a nuanced understanding of 'artillery' as both a noun and an adjective. You can use the adjective form to describe complex military systems and historical shifts. You might use phrases like 'artillery-driven doctrine' or 'artillery surveillance.' You understand the logistical and mathematical precision implied by the word. In your writing, you use 'artillery' to provide specific detail, choosing it over more general terms like 'heavy weapons.' You are also comfortable with the word's appearance in formal academic texts and high-level journalism. You can appreciate the stylistic effect of using the word to create a sense of scale and power in your descriptions, and you rarely make mistakes with its spelling or application.

無料登録して完全な解説を読む

At the C2 level, you master the adjective 'artillery' in all its technical and metaphorical applications. You understand its etymological roots and its evolution from medieval 'engines' to modern precision-guided systems. You use the word with total precision in professional, academic, or literary contexts. You might employ it metaphorically to describe a 'barrage of artillery-like questions' in a cross-examination, showing a sophisticated grasp of imagery. You are aware of the subtle differences between 'artillery,' 'ordnance,' and 'ballistics,' and you use each term in its correct technical niche. Your use of the word is seamless, contributing to a high level of lexical density and professional tone in your communication, whether you are discussing 18th-century warfare or 21st-century defense policy.

練習する例文メモとヒント

artillery 30秒で

Artillery is an adjective describing large-caliber military guns and the units that use them.
It is used to specify weaponry that fires over long distances and requires a crew.
Commonly paired with words like 'fire', 'strike', 'battery', and 'officer' in military contexts.
It signifies power, range, and heavy impact, often used in history and news reporting.

The term artillery, when used as an adjective, describes anything pertaining to large-caliber weaponry or the specialized military units tasked with their operation. While often encountered as a noun, its adjectival function is crucial for defining the specific equipment, tactics, and personnel involved in long-range bombardment. In a modern context, an artillery strike refers to a coordinated attack using heavy guns, whereas an artillery officer denotes a person trained specifically in the mathematics and logistics of high-angle fire. The essence of the word lies in its scale; it does not refer to small arms like rifles or pistols, but rather to the 'King of Battle'—the massive machines capable of altering landscapes from miles away.

Tactical Application: Relates to the strategic deployment of heavy munitions to suppress or destroy enemy fortifications from a distance.
Logistical Scope: Encompasses the transport, maintenance, and supply chains required to keep heavy batteries operational during prolonged conflicts.

The general ordered an immediate artillery bombardment to weaken the coastal defenses before the infantry began their advance.

Historically, the adjective evolved alongside the technology of war. In the 14th century, it might have described primitive 'artillery engines' like catapults or trebuchets. Today, it more commonly describes 'artillery radar' systems that track incoming projectiles or 'artillery shells' filled with advanced GPS-guided guidance systems. The word carries a heavy, industrial, and somewhat ominous connotation, suggesting power that is both immense and detached from the immediate physical struggle of hand-to-hand combat.

The museum features a rare collection of artillery carriages used during the Napoleonic Wars.

Beyond literal warfare, the term is occasionally used metaphorically in high-stakes debate or corporate strategy. One might speak of 'rhetorical artillery' when a speaker unleashes a barrage of undeniable facts to overwhelm an opponent. In this sense, the adjective retains its core meaning of 'heavy-hitting' and 'long-range,' implying that the arguments are being launched from a position of strength to dismantle a target's position completely. However, this metaphorical use is less common than its technical military application.

Historical Context: The word stems from the Old French 'artillerie,' which originally referred to any equipment of war, including bows and engines.

Modern artillery doctrine emphasizes precision and mobility over the sheer volume of fire seen in previous centuries.

Using artillery correctly requires understanding its role as a modifier. It typically describes nouns that are functional parts of a larger military system. For instance, in a sentence like 'The artillery battery was hidden in the forest,' the word 'artillery' specifies the type of battery (a group of guns) being discussed. It provides immediate clarity that we are not talking about electrical batteries or a battery of tests, but a specific military unit. This precision is a hallmark of C2-level vocabulary, where the speaker chooses terms that eliminate ambiguity.

Collocative Patterns: Commonly paired with: fire, strike, shell, unit, barrage, support, officer, and piece.

Due to the thick fog, the commander had to rely on artillery spotters located on the high ridge to direct the fire.

In academic writing, particularly in history or political science, the adjective appears when discussing the evolution of military technology. You might write about the 'artillery revolution' of the 15th century, which refers to the period when gunpowder changed the nature of siege warfare. Here, 'artillery' serves as a categorical adjective, grouping various technological advancements under a single conceptual umbrella. It allows for a high level of abstraction while remaining grounded in physical reality.

The treaty strictly limits the number of artillery systems that can be stationed along the demilitarized zone.

When constructing complex sentences, consider the rhythm. 'The thunderous artillery barrage echoed through the valley' uses the adjective to build sensory detail. It creates an auditory and visual image of power. In contrast, 'The artillery manual provides detailed instructions on calculating trajectory' uses the word in a dry, technical sense. Both are correct, but they serve different rhetorical purposes. The former is descriptive and evocative; the latter is precise and functional.

Syntactic Function: Primarily functions as an attributive adjective, appearing directly before the noun it modifies.

We could hear the distant artillery duels throughout the night, a sign that the front line was shifting.

Finally, avoid overusing the word in a single paragraph. Instead of repeating 'artillery' multiple times, vary your language by using specific terms like 'howitzer,' 'mortar,' or 'cannon' if you are referring to the objects themselves, or 'battery' and 'regiment' if you are referring to the units. Use 'artillery' as the broad, classifying adjective to set the stage before diving into specific details.

You will most frequently encounter the adjective artillery in news reports concerning international conflicts. Reporters often use phrases like 'artillery fire' or 'artillery shelling' to describe the nature of combat in a specific region. It is a staple of journalistic language because it conveys a specific type of violence—one that is impersonal, destructive, and usually occurs from a distance. Hearing this word on the news immediately signals to the listener that the conflict has escalated to a level involving heavy machinery rather than just light skirmishes.

News Media: Used to describe the intensity and type of combat in war zones, often emphasizing civilian impact.

According to the latest reports, an artillery shell struck a residential building early this morning.

In the world of entertainment, particularly in historical dramas and war movies, the word is used to build tension and realism. Characters might yell about 'incoming artillery' or discuss 'artillery support' during a briefing. In these contexts, the word functions as a 'trigger' for the audience, preparing them for a sequence involving explosions and chaos. It adds a layer of authenticity to the setting, grounding the fictional narrative in the harsh realities of military history.

The film's sound design captured the terrifying whistle of artillery fire with haunting precision.

Documentaries and history books are perhaps the most common places to find the adjective. Historians use it to analyze the outcomes of battles. For example, they might discuss how 'artillery superiority' was the deciding factor in the Battle of Waterloo. In this context, the word is used as a technical descriptor for a military advantage. It is essential for anyone studying history to understand the nuances of this word, as it appears in almost every account of major warfare from the 15th century onward.

Academic History: Used to quantify and qualify the military capabilities of different nations or factions throughout time.

The museum's artillery exhibit includes pieces from as far back as the Middle Ages.

Finally, you might hear it in political discourse regarding defense spending. Politicians and analysts might debate the merits of investing in 'artillery modernization' versus other forms of defense like cyber warfare or air power. Here, the adjective defines a specific sector of the military-industrial complex. It is a word used by experts to categorize billions of dollars in government expenditure, showing that even in a digital age, the 'heavy guns' remain a central focus of national security.

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make is using artillery to describe small-scale weaponry. It is incorrect to refer to a handgun or a small rifle as 'artillery.' The adjective specifically implies large-caliber, crew-served weapons. If you use it to describe a soldier's personal rifle, a native speaker will immediately recognize the error. Remember: if one person can carry it and fire it from their shoulder, it is not artillery.

Scale Confusion: Mistaking small arms (pistols, rifles) for artillery (cannons, howitzers).

Incorrect: He pulled his artillery pistol from its holster. (Correct: He pulled his service pistol...)

Another common error is confusing 'artillery' with 'infantry.' While both are branches of the army, they are distinct. 'Infantry' relates to soldiers who fight on foot, while 'artillery' relates to the heavy guns that support them. Using the adjective 'artillery' to describe a foot soldier's gear—unless that gear is specifically for operating a large gun—is a conceptual mistake. An 'artillery officer' is very different from an 'infantry officer' in terms of training and responsibilities.

Incorrect: The artillery soldiers marched with their bayonets fixed. (Correct: The infantry soldiers...)

Spelling is also a frequent pitfall. The double 'l' in the middle and the 'ery' ending are often misspelled as 'artilery' or 'artillary.' At the C2 level, such spelling errors can significantly undermine the perceived authority of your writing. It is worth memorizing the spelling through its French roots: 'art' + 'iller' + 'ie'.

Spelling Error: Commonly misspelled as 'artilery' (missing one 'l') or 'artillary' (using 'a' instead of 'e').

Precision in spelling artillery is essential for technical military reports.

Lastly, be careful with the metaphorical use. While 'verbal artillery' is a valid metaphor, using 'artillery' to describe anything slightly heavy or large is an exaggeration that can sound silly. For example, calling a large suitcase an 'artillery bag' is confusing rather than clever. Reserve the adjective for contexts where the sense of 'heavy, long-range power' is truly appropriate.

While artillery is a specific term, there are several related adjectives and nouns used as adjectives that can provide variety or more specific meaning. Understanding the differences between these alternatives is key to mastering military and historical vocabulary. The most common alternative is 'ordnance,' which is a broader term encompassing all types of weapons and ammunition, not just heavy guns.

Artillery vs. Ordnance: 'Artillery' refers specifically to heavy guns; 'ordnance' is a general term for all military supplies, including weapons and ammo.
Artillery vs. Ballistic: 'Artillery' describes the guns/units; 'ballistic' describes the flight path of the projectiles they fire.

While the artillery fire was intense, the soldiers also had to worry about ballistic missiles from the coast.

Another related term is 'heavy.' In a military context, 'heavy' is often used as a shorthand for artillery-related equipment. You might hear about 'heavy weapons' or 'heavy support.' While 'heavy' is more common in casual conversation, 'artillery' is the more formal and precise adjective. 'Heavy' describes the weight or impact, while 'artillery' describes the specific class of weapon. Using 'artillery' shows a deeper knowledge of military structure.

The unit requested artillery support to neutralize the enemy's heavy fortifications.

In modern warfare, 'missile' and 'rocket' are often distinguished from 'artillery.' While rockets can be part of an 'artillery rocket system,' traditional artillery usually refers to 'tube artillery' (guns and howitzers). If you are talking about guided missiles that travel hundreds of miles, 'artillery' might not be the best adjective. 'Missile' or 'strategic' would be more appropriate. However, for shorter-range, high-volume fire, 'artillery' remains the standard term.

Artillery vs. Armament: 'Artillery' is the specific category of large guns; 'armament' refers to the entire set of weapons a vehicle or unit carries.

The ship's main artillery batteries were capable of firing shells over twenty miles.

Lastly, consider the word 'bombardment.' While 'artillery' is an adjective, 'bombardment' is the noun describing the action. If you find yourself using 'artillery' too much, you can often rephrase your sentence to use 'bombardment' or 'shelling' to keep the prose fresh. For example, instead of 'the artillery attack,' you could say 'the relentless bombardment.' This maintains the meaning while improving the flow of your writing.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

Before the invention of gunpowder, 'artillery' referred to bows, crossbows, and giant slings like the trebuchet.

発音ガイド

UK /ɑːˈtɪl.ər.i/

US /ɑːrˈtɪl.ɚ.i/

ar-TIL-ler-y

韻が合う語

distillery scullery pillory hillary axillary capillary maxillary fritillary

よくある間違い

Pronouncing it as 'artil-ary' (like library).
Missing the second 'l'.
Putting stress on the first syllable.
Adding an extra 'i' sound at the end.
Confusing the 'e' and 'a' in the final syllable.

難易度

読解 4/5

Common in news and history, but technical.

ライティング 5/5

Spelling is difficult for many learners.

スピーキング 4/5

Pronunciation of '-ery' can be tricky.

リスニング 3/5

Distinct sound, usually clear in context.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

army gun soldier war battle

次に学ぶ

infantry logistics strategy ordnance tactical

上級

ballistics trajectory howitzer barrage salvo

知っておくべき文法

Attributive Nouns

In 'artillery shell,' the noun 'artillery' acts as an adjective.

Collective Nouns with Adjectives

The artillery unit *is* (or *are*) moving.

Adjective Order

The heavy, long-range artillery guns (Size, Purpose).

Hyphenation in Compounds

Artillery-led attacks often require careful timing.

Uncountable Nouns as Modifiers

Artillery remains invariable even when modifying plural shells.

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レベル別の例文

The museum has a big artillery gun.

Le musée a un gros canon d'artillerie.

Used as an adjective modifying 'gun'.

Artillery guns are very loud.

Les pièces d'artillerie sont très bruyantes.

Plural subject with an adjective modifier.

I saw an artillery truck.

J'ai vu un camion d'artillerie.

Modifying the noun 'truck'.

The king had many artillery pieces.

Le roi avait beaucoup de pièces d'artillerie.

'Piece' is a common noun for a single gun.

He likes artillery toys.

Il aime les jouets d'artillerie.

Simple adjective use.

The artillery fire was scary.

Le tir d'artillerie était effrayant.

'Fire' here refers to the act of shooting.

Look at that artillery shell!

Regarde cet obus d'artillerie !

'Shell' is the projectile fired by the gun.

Artillery units use big cannons.

Les unités d'artillerie utilisent de gros canons.

Modifying the collective noun 'units'.

The army moved the artillery battery to the hill.

L'armée a déplacé la batterie d'artillerie sur la colline.

'Battery' refers to a group of artillery guns.

Historical books often mention artillery tactics.

Les livres d'histoire mentionnent souvent les tactiques d'artillerie.

Describing the type of 'tactics'.

The artillery officer gave a clear command.

L'officier d'artillerie a donné un ordre clair.

Specifying the role of the 'officer'.

They used artillery fire to break the walls.

Ils ont utilisé des tirs d'artillerie pour briser les murs.

Explaining the method used.

The museum's artillery collection is famous.

La collection d'artillerie du musée est célèbre.

Possessive noun + adjective + noun.

Modern artillery shells can travel very far.

Les obus d'artillerie modernes peuvent voyager très loin.

Compound adjective phrase 'Modern artillery'.

The soldiers prepared the artillery site.

Les soldats ont préparé le site d'artillerie.

Describing the purpose of the 'site'.

We heard the distant artillery noise.

Nous avons entendu le bruit lointain de l'artillerie.

Descriptive adjective use.

The general requested immediate artillery support for the infantry.

Le général a demandé un soutien d'artillerie immédiat pour l'infanterie.

Common military collocation 'artillery support'.

Heavy artillery bombardment lasted for three days.

Le bombardement d'artillerie lourde a duré trois jours.

Adding 'heavy' for further description.

The artillery radar detected the incoming projectiles.

Le radar d'artillerie a détecté les projectiles entrants.

Technical application of the adjective.

Proper artillery maintenance is vital for safety.

Un entretien adéquat de l'artillerie est vital pour la sécurité.

Focusing on the logistical aspect.

The artillery strike hit the enemy's supply line.

La frappe d'artillerie a touché la ligne de ravitaillement de l'ennemi.

'Strike' as a noun for a targeted attack.

Artillery training takes many months of hard work.

L'entraînement à l'artillerie prend plusieurs mois de travail acharné.

Describing the specific type of 'training'.

The treaty banned the use of long-range artillery systems.

Le traité a interdit l'utilisation de systèmes d'artillerie à longue portée.

Part of a complex noun phrase.

He studied artillery history at the military academy.

Il a étudié l'histoire de l'artillerie à l'académie militaire.

Specifying the field of study.

The artillery barrage was designed to suppress enemy movement.

Le barrage d'artillerie était conçu pour supprimer les mouvements ennemis.

'Barrage' is a high-level military term.

Coastal artillery defenses were strengthened during the war.

Les défenses d'artillerie côtière ont été renforcées pendant la guerre.

Compound adjective 'Coastal artillery'.

The commander coordinated the artillery fire with the air strike.

Le commandant a coordonné le tir d'artillerie avec la frappe aérienne.

Shows strategic use of the term.

Artillery shells are often classified by their caliber.

Les obus d'artillerie sont souvent classés par leur calibre.

Passive voice with technical detail.

The artillery unit suffered heavy losses during the retreat.

L'unité d'artillerie a subi de lourdes pertes pendant la retraite.

Describing a specific group.

Precision-guided artillery munitions have changed modern warfare.

Les munitions d'artillerie guidées avec précision ont changé la guerre moderne.

Complex adjective string.

The artillery spotter used binoculars to find the target.

L'observateur d'artillerie utilisait des jumelles pour trouver la cible.

'Spotter' is a specific role.

Artillery doctrine emphasizes the importance of mobility.

La doctrine de l'artillerie souligne l'importance de la mobilité.

Abstract noun 'doctrine' modified by 'artillery'.

The artillery duel lasted for hours, with neither side gaining ground.

Le duel d'artillerie a duré des heures, sans qu'aucun camp ne gagne du terrain.

'Duel' suggests a back-and-forth exchange.

Advancements in artillery technology rendered old stone castles obsolete.

Les progrès de la technologie de l'artillerie ont rendu les vieux châteaux de pierre obsolètes.

Discussing historical causality.

The general’s rhetorical artillery overwhelmed his political opponents.

L'artillerie rhétorique du général a submergé ses adversaires politiques.

Metaphorical use of the adjective.

Artillery logistical chains are incredibly complex to maintain in winter.

Les chaînes logistiques de l'artillerie sont incroyablement complexes à maintenir en hiver.

Focusing on the 'logistical' aspect.

The artillery barrage provided a protective screen for the advancing troops.

Le barrage d'artillerie a fourni un écran protecteur pour les troupes qui avançaient.

Functional description of a tactic.

The museum curator is an expert in medieval artillery engines.

Le conservateur du musée est un expert des engins d'artillerie médiévaux.

Historical technical term.

Self-propelled artillery vehicles offer a significant tactical advantage.

Les véhicules d'artillerie automoteurs offrent un avantage tactique significatif.

Technical military classification.

The sheer volume of artillery fire was unprecedented in history.

Le volume même des tirs d'artillerie était sans précédent dans l'histoire.

Emphasizing scale and intensity.

The devastating efficacy of Napoleonic artillery tactics reshaped European borders.

L'efficacité dévastatrice des tactiques d'artillerie napoléoniennes a remodelé les frontières européennes.

High-level historical analysis.

The fortress was designed specifically to withstand prolonged artillery shelling.

La forteresse a été conçue spécifiquement pour résister à un pilonnage d'artillerie prolongé.

Technical engineering context.

His argument was backed by a heavy artillery of statistical evidence.

Son argument était soutenu par une lourde artillerie de preuves statistiques.

Sophisticated metaphorical application.

The artillery officer’s calculations had to account for the Coriolis effect.

Les calculs de l'officier d'artillerie devaient tenir compte de l'effet de Coriolis.

Technical scientific nuance.

The treaty’s failure led to an immediate escalation in artillery skirmishes.

L'échec du traité a entraîné une escalade immédiate des escarmouches d'artillerie.

Formal political/military context.

Artillery modernization programs often face significant budgetary scrutiny.

Les programmes de modernisation de l'artillerie font souvent l'objet d'un examen budgétaire important.

Administrative/governmental context.

The rhythmic thud of artillery fire became the soundtrack of their lives.

Le bruit sourd et rythmé des tirs d'artillerie est devenu la bande sonore de leur vie.

Literary/narrative style.

The transition from smoothbore to rifled artillery barrels was a turning point.

La transition des canons d'artillerie à âme lisse aux canons rayés a été un tournant.

Highly specific technical history.

類義語

ballistic ordnance-related heavy-weapon cannon-based gunnery-related

反対語

small-arms infantry-based

よく使う組み合わせ

artillery fire

artillery barrage

artillery battery

artillery shell

artillery support

artillery officer

artillery strike

artillery piece

artillery duel

artillery range

よく使うフレーズ

bring up the artillery

— To use the most powerful tools or arguments available.

When the negotiations stalled, the CEO brought up the heavy artillery of legal threats.

under artillery fire

— Being attacked by heavy guns.

The village remained under artillery fire for hours.

call for artillery

— To request support from heavy gun units.

The scout called for artillery to clear the ridge.

artillery-led assault

— An attack where big guns are the primary weapon.

The artillery-led assault broke the enemy's spirit.

precision artillery

— High-tech guns that can hit small targets accurately.

Precision artillery reduced the risk of civilian casualties.

horse artillery

— Historical term for guns pulled by horses for mobility.

Horse artillery played a key role in the 19th-century battles.

coastal artillery

— Large guns used to defend a coastline against ships.

The old coastal artillery towers are now tourist attractions.

anti-aircraft artillery

— Guns designed to shoot down planes.

The city was defended by dense anti-aircraft artillery.

artillery observer

— A person who watches where shells land to correct the aim.

The artillery observer used a radio to guide the fire.

heavy artillery

— The largest and most powerful guns; often used metaphorically.

She saved her heavy artillery evidence for the end of the trial.

よく混同される語

artillery vs infantry

Infantry are soldiers on foot; artillery are the big guns.

artillery vs cavalry

Cavalry are soldiers on horses (historically) or in light vehicles; artillery are heavy guns.

artillery vs armory

An armory is a place where weapons are stored; artillery is the class of heavy weapons.

慣用句と表現

"bring out the heavy artillery"

— To use your strongest and most effective weapons or arguments.

The lawyer brought out the heavy artillery by calling the secret witness.

informal/metaphorical

"a barrage of questions"

— A large number of questions asked quickly, like an artillery barrage.

The reporter hit the politician with a barrage of questions.

neutral

"stick to one's guns"

— To refuse to change one's mind (originates from artillery crews staying at their posts).

Despite the criticism, she stuck to her guns.

informal

"loose cannon"

— A person who is unpredictable and can cause damage (refers to an unsecured artillery piece on a ship).

The new manager is a bit of a loose cannon.

informal

"son of a gun"

— A person (sometimes used affectionately, sometimes as an insult; origins linked to babies born on ships near the guns).

That son of a gun actually did it!

informal

"lock, stock, and barrel"

— Including every part of something (refers to the parts of a firearm).

They sold the business lock, stock, and barrel.

neutral

"flash in the pan"

— Something that shows early promise but fails (refers to gunpowder igniting without firing the shot).

His first book was great, but his career was just a flash in the pan.

informal

"bite the bullet"

— To endure a painful situation with courage (linked to soldiers biting a bullet during surgery).

I had to bite the bullet and tell him the truth.

informal

"sweating blood"

— Working extremely hard (often used regarding the physical labor of moving artillery).

The team was sweating blood to meet the deadline.

informal

"keep your powder dry"

— To stay prepared for a future conflict (refers to keeping artillery gunpowder dry).

Wait for the right moment and keep your powder dry.

neutral

間違えやすい

artillery vs Ordnance

Both relate to military weapons.

Ordnance is all military supplies (guns, ammo, explosives); Artillery is specifically heavy, long-range guns.

The artillery is just one part of the army's ordnance.

artillery vs Ballistics

Both are used when talking about firing guns.

Ballistics is the science of the projectile's movement; Artillery is the gun or the unit.

The artillery officer studied ballistics to improve his aim.

artillery vs Mortar

A mortar is a type of artillery.

Mortar usually refers to a specific, smaller, high-angle gun; Artillery is the broad category.

The unit used mortars because they didn't have heavy artillery.

artillery vs Howitzer

A howitzer is the most common modern artillery piece.

Howitzer is a specific machine; Artillery is the general adjective/noun.

The howitzer is a powerful piece of artillery.

artillery vs Barrage

Often used together as 'artillery barrage'.

Barrage is the act of continuous firing; Artillery is what is doing the firing.

The artillery barrage lasted all night.

文型パターン

It is an artillery [noun].

It is an artillery gun.

They have artillery [noun]s.

They have artillery pieces.

The [noun] was hit by artillery [noun].

The wall was hit by artillery fire.

The unit provided artillery [noun] to the [noun].

The unit provided artillery support to the tanks.

Due to [noun], the artillery [noun] was [adjective].

Due to the fog, the artillery fire was inaccurate.

Metaphorical: His [noun] was a form of artillery.

His logic was a form of intellectual artillery.

The [adjective] of artillery [noun] [verb] the [noun].

The introduction of artillery technology revolutionized the siege.

Not only [verb] the artillery [noun], but it also [verb].

Not only did the artillery fire destroy the gate, but it also broke the morale.

語族

名詞

artillery

artilleryman

artillerist

形容詞

artillery (attributive)

artilleristic

使い方

frequency

Common in specific domains (history, news, military).

よくある間違い

Using 'artillery' for a handgun. → Using 'pistol' or 'firearm'.
Artillery only refers to large, crew-served weapons, not personal weapons.
Spelling it as 'artillary'. → Artillery.
The suffix is '-ery', not '-ary'. This is a very common spelling error.
Confusing 'artillery' with 'infantry'. → The infantry marched; the artillery fired.
Infantry are foot soldiers; artillery are the big guns. They are different branches of the army.
Saying 'an artillery' as a single gun. → An artillery piece.
Artillery is usually uncountable as a noun. You need a word like 'piece' or 'unit' to make it countable.
Using it to describe a tank's main gun in a casual way. → Tank gun or main armament.
While technically a large gun, tank guns are usually categorized as 'armor' rather than 'artillery' in military doctrine.

ヒント

Precision in Writing

When writing about war, use 'artillery' when you want to emphasize the distance and scale of the attack. It sounds more professional than 'big guns'.

Metaphorical Power

Use 'heavy artillery' metaphorically in a business or legal context to describe your most convincing evidence or strongest team members.

The Double 'L' Rule

Always check for the double 'L'. A common mistake is writing 'artilery', which looks unprofessional at a C2 level.

Stress the 'TIL'

Ensure the stress is on the second syllable. Saying 'AR-tillery' sounds incorrect to native speakers.

News Awareness

When you hear 'artillery shelling' on the news, it almost always refers to attacks on a city or a fixed position from a distance.

Era Matters

In a medieval context, 'artillery' means catapults and bows. In a modern context, it means howitzers and rockets. Always check the time period.

Invariable Adjective

Remember that as an adjective, 'artillery' never changes. It's 'artillery shell' (singular) and 'artillery shells' (plural).

Artillery vs. Infantry

Never use 'artillery' to describe soldiers who are just walking and carrying rifles. That is 'infantry'.

Use 'Ordnance' for Variety

If you have used 'artillery' too many times, 'ordnance' is a great formal synonym for the equipment itself.

Evocative Language

Combine 'artillery' with sensory words like 'thunderous,' 'distant,' or 'relentless' to create a more vivid picture in your reader's mind.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of 'ART' + 'ILL' + 'ERY'. It's the 'ART' of making the enemy 'ILL' from a 'dist-ERY' (distance).

視覚的連想

Imagine a massive, heavy iron cannon sitting in a field, surrounded by large, heavy metal balls.

Word Web

Cannon Howitzer Shell Battery Bombardment Long-range Heavy Military

チャレンジ

Try to use 'artillery' as an adjective in a sentence about a historical battle and a sentence about a modern news report.

語源

Derived from the Old French word 'artillerie,' which comes from 'artiller,' meaning 'to equip' or 'to arm.'

元の意味： Originally referred to any equipment used in war, including bows, arrows, and siege engines.

Indo-European (via Latin 'articulare' and French).

文化的な背景

Be mindful when using this word around survivors of conflict, as it is strongly associated with the trauma of shelling.

Commonly used in formal military ceremonies and historical documentaries on the BBC or History Channel.

Napoleon Bonaparte (an artillery officer) The 1812 Overture (uses real artillery fire) The Battle of the Somme (famous for its artillery barrages)

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Military History

artillery revolution
siege artillery
Napoleonic artillery
field artillery

Modern Warfare

artillery strike
precision artillery
artillery radar
counter-artillery

News Reporting

artillery shelling
heavy artillery fire
artillery duels
artillery range

Museums

artillery piece
artillery carriage
artillery exhibit
historical artillery

Metaphorical/Business

heavy artillery arguments
rhetorical artillery
bring out the artillery

会話のきっかけ

"Have you ever seen an old artillery piece at a museum or a park?"

"How do you think the invention of artillery changed the way cities were built?"

"In movies about the World Wars, the sound of artillery fire is always so prominent. Does it add to the realism for you?"

"What do you think is the difference between an artillery strike and a missile strike?"

"If you were writing a history book, which famous artillery battle would you focus on?"

日記のテーマ

Describe a scene in a historical novel where a character hears the first sounds of a distant artillery bombardment.

Reflect on how the development of long-range artillery has changed the human experience of war from personal to impersonal.

Write about a time you had to 'bring out the heavy artillery' (metaphorically) to win an argument or solve a problem.

Discuss the logistical challenges of maintaining an artillery unit in a remote, mountainous region.

Research a specific type of artillery (like the howitzer) and describe its impact on a specific historical event.

よくある質問

10 問

It is primarily a noun, but it is very frequently used as an attributive noun (acting as an adjective) to modify words like 'fire,' 'shell,' or 'unit.' In the phrase 'artillery strike,' it functions as an adjective.

No, that would be incorrect. Artillery specifically refers to large-caliber guns that are usually operated by a crew and fire over long distances. A sniper rifle is a 'small arm'.

An artillery battery is a unit of several big guns (usually 4 to 6) and the soldiers who operate them, working together as a single group.

It is almost always used in the singular as an uncountable noun (e.g., 'The army has much artillery'). The plural 'artilleries' is very rare and usually refers to different *types* of artillery systems.

This is a traditional military nickname because, throughout history, the side with the better and more powerful artillery often won the battle by destroying the enemy from a distance.

This is a metaphorical use of the word. It means using very strong, powerful, and overwhelming arguments or facts to 'attack' an opponent's position in a debate.

Generally, no. Tanks are 'armor.' While they have big guns, they are designed for mobile, direct fire. Artillery is designed for long-range, often indirect fire (shooting at things they can't see directly).

It is spelled A-R-T-I-L-L-E-R-Y. Remember the double 'L' and the 'E' before the 'R-Y'.

Traditional artillery uses gunpowder to launch a shell through a tube. Missiles have their own engines and are often guided throughout their flight. However, some rocket systems are called 'rocket artillery'.

It comes from the Old French 'artillerie,' which originally meant 'to equip.' In the Middle Ages, it referred to all sorts of war equipment, including bows and catapults.

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