As a B2 learner, understanding 'defer' involves recognizing its dual meaning. Firstly, it means to postpone an action or event, like deferring a decision until more information is available. Secondly, and perhaps more nuanced, it means to yield to someone else's opinion or authority, showing respect for their judgment. For example, you might defer to an expert's opinion on a complex topic. Both uses imply a delay, either in time or in asserting one's own will.
At the C1 level, understanding the verb "defer" moves beyond simply postponing. While it still signifies to delay an action or event, it also strongly conveys the idea of respectfully yielding to another person's judgment, authority, or wishes. This can involve putting aside one's own preferences in favor of someone else's, often due to their superior experience or position. Therefore, it implies a conscious choice to entrust a decision or action to someone else.
At the C2 level, 'defer' implies a nuanced understanding of its dual meanings, recognizing when to postpone an action versus respectfully yielding to another's judgment. It often suggests a strategic or diplomatic delay, perhaps to gather more information or to allow for a more opportune moment. Furthermore, the act of deferring to someone's authority at this level is not merely passive obedience, but a conscious decision based on an assessment of their expertise or position. This usage can also subtly highlight power dynamics or a sophisticated understanding of social hierarchies. Ultimately, 'defer' at C2 is employed with precision to convey complex social interactions or temporal adjustments.
§ What Does "Defer" Mean?
The verb "defer" is a versatile word with two primary meanings that are quite distinct but both involve a delay or yielding. Understanding these nuances is crucial for its correct usage in various contexts. At a CEFR B2 level, you're expected to grasp these subtleties and apply them appropriately in your English communication.
- Definition 1
- To put off an action or event to a later time; to postpone.
This is perhaps the more common usage of "defer." When you defer something, you are consciously deciding to delay it. This could apply to a wide range of situations, from academic decisions to financial obligations. The act of deferring often implies a strategic choice, perhaps because the current timing is not ideal, or because more information or resources are needed before proceeding.
The student decided to defer their university admission for a year to gain work experience.
Due to unforeseen circumstances, the meeting has been deferred until next week.
- Definition 2
- To yield to another's wish or opinion out of respect or recognition of their authority.
This second meaning of "defer" is more about social dynamics and respect. When you defer to someone, you are acknowledging their superior knowledge, experience, or position, and you are willing to let their judgment or wishes take precedence over your own. This doesn't necessarily mean you agree with them entirely, but you are choosing to respect their authority or expertise in a given situation.
The junior doctor chose to defer to the senior consultant's diagnosis.
In matters of legal advice, it's wise to defer to an experienced attorney.
§ When Do People Use It?
The usage of "defer" is quite varied and depends heavily on which meaning is intended. It's often found in more formal contexts, especially when discussing official decisions, academic paths, legal matters, or professional hierarchies.
- In Academic Settings: Students often defer their enrollment if they need a gap year or to resolve personal issues before starting their studies. Universities may also allow students to defer their scholarships or financial aid.
- In Business and Finance: Companies might defer projects due to budget constraints or shifting priorities. Payments or debts can be deferred, meaning their due date is pushed back.
- In Legal Contexts: A court case might be deferred to a later date, or a judge might defer to a precedent set by a higher court.
- In Social and Professional Interactions: People defer to others when they recognize their expertise or authority. For example, in a team meeting, a manager might defer to a specialist on a technical matter.
- In General Conversation (less common for the second meaning): While the first meaning of defer (to postpone) can appear in everyday conversation, the second meaning (to yield) is typically reserved for more formal or respectful acknowledgements of authority.
The context usually makes it clear which meaning of "defer" is being used. Look for clues in the surrounding words. If it's related to time, schedules, or putting something off, it's likely the first definition. If it's about respecting someone's opinion, authority, or superior knowledge, it's the second definition.
Mastering "defer" at a B2 level means not just knowing its definitions, but also being able to use it accurately in both written and spoken English, distinguishing between its two distinct applications based on context. Practice using both meanings in your own sentences to solidify your understanding.
§ Understanding the Two Meanings of "Defer"
The word "defer" has two distinct meanings, and understanding both is crucial for using it correctly. Let's break them down:
- Meaning 1: Postpone
- To put off an action or event to a later time; to postpone.
- Meaning 2: Yield to Authority
- To yield to another's wish or opinion out of respect or recognition of their authority.
§ Grammar and Prepositions for Meaning 1: Postpone
When "defer" means to postpone, it is typically used as a transitive verb, meaning it takes a direct object (the thing being postponed). The most common preposition used with this meaning is "until" or "to," indicating the future time or event.
Here are some common grammatical structures and examples:
- Defer + Noun Phrase (object) + until/to + Time/Event: This is the most straightforward way to use it.
The company decided to defer the decision until the next quarter.
We will defer payment to next month due to unforeseen circumstances.
- Defer + Gerund (verb-ing form): You can also defer an action by using a gerund.
They chose to defer making a final judgment.
The preposition "on" is sometimes used, but it's less common than "until" or "to" when referring to postponing. It can imply a dependency or condition for the postponement.
The manager decided to defer the project on the advice of the legal team.
§ Grammar and Prepositions for Meaning 2: Yield to Authority
When "defer" means to yield or show respect, it is usually used as an intransitive verb, meaning it does not take a direct object. Instead, it is followed by the preposition "to," indicating the person, authority, or opinion one is yielding to.
Here are some common grammatical structures and examples:
- Defer + to + Person/Authority/Opinion: This is the primary structure for this meaning.
Out of respect, I will defer to your judgment on this matter.
The committee decided to defer to the expert's opinion regarding the technical specifications.
You might also see "defer to" followed by a noun phrase that encapsulates the authority or superior knowledge.
As an apprentice, he always defers to the master craftsman's experience.
§ Common Mistakes to Avoid
- Confusing the prepositions: Using "to" instead of "until" when postponing, or vice versa, can change the meaning or sound awkward.
- Using a direct object with the "yield to authority" meaning: Remember, when you're yielding, you "defer to someone/something," not "defer someone/something."
- Overusing the word: While a useful word, consider synonyms like "postpone," "delay," "respect," or "yield" to vary your vocabulary.
By understanding these grammatical nuances and practicing with examples, you can confidently use "defer" in its various contexts.
§ Common Misunderstandings and Usage Errors with 'Defer'
The word 'defer' can be a bit tricky for learners, especially due to its two distinct meanings. Many mistakes arise from confusing these meanings or using the word in contexts where a different synonym would be more appropriate. Let's break down some of the most common pitfalls.
§ Mistaking 'Defer' for 'Delay' (and vice-versa)
One of the most frequent errors is using 'defer' interchangeably with 'delay' without understanding the nuances. While both imply putting something off, 'defer' often suggests a conscious decision to postpone, sometimes with a specific future date or condition in mind, or an action taken out of respect or necessity. 'Delay' can be more passive, indicating an unintended holdup or a simple slowing down.
We decided to defer the decision until the next meeting.
Here, 'defer' implies a conscious choice to move the decision. If you say, "The meeting was delayed due to traffic," you wouldn't typically use 'defer' because it wasn't a planned postponement but an unexpected hold-up.
§ Incorrectly Applying the 'Yielding to Authority' Meaning
The second meaning of 'defer' – to yield to another's wish or opinion – is often overlooked or used incorrectly. It's about showing respect or recognizing someone's superior judgment or position, not simply agreeing or giving in. This sense of the word usually requires a direct object indicating the person or their judgment/wish.
She chose to defer to her manager's experience.
A common mistake would be to use 'defer' when you simply mean 'agree' or 'comply'. While there's an element of agreement or compliance, 'defer' specifically emphasizes the respect or recognition of authority as the driving factor.
- INCORRECT:
- I deferred to his opinion, even though I thought he was wrong.
This is incorrect because 'deferring' implies you believe their opinion holds more weight or expertise, not that you simply gave in while thinking they were wrong. A better word here might be 'relented' or 'complied'.
§ Grammatical Errors and Prepositional Usage
Another area of confusion lies in the prepositions used with 'defer'.
- Defer (an action) until/to (a later time/date): This is used for the postponement meaning.
- EXAMPLE:
- The court decided to defer judgment until next month.
- Defer to (a person/their judgment): This is for the yielding-to-authority meaning.
- EXAMPLE:
- In matters of strategy, we usually defer to the CEO.
Mistaking these prepositions can lead to awkward or incorrect sentences.
§ Overuse or Inappropriate Formality
While 'defer' is a perfectly good word, it can sound quite formal. Using it in very casual contexts might sound out of place. Sometimes, simpler verbs like 'postpone', 'put off', 'agree', or 'respect' might be more natural depending on the context.
Can we just put off watching that movie until tomorrow?
In this casual context, 'put off' is much more natural than 'defer'.
§ Confusing 'Defer' with 'Deffer' or 'Duffer'
Although less common for B2 learners, some might misspell or mispronounce 'defer', confusing it with non-existent words like 'deffer' or completely unrelated words like 'duffer'. Always double-check spelling and pronunciation to ensure clarity.
By understanding these common mistakes and paying attention to context, meaning, and appropriate prepositions, learners can master the use of 'defer' effectively in their English communication.
§ Understanding "Defer": Similar Words and Usage
The verb "defer" carries two distinct meanings, each with its own set of synonyms and nuances. It's crucial to understand these differences to use the word accurately and effectively. Let's explore the similar words for both meanings and when "defer" is the most appropriate choice.
§ Meaning 1: To Postpone
- DEFINITION
- To put off an action or event to a later time; to postpone.
When "defer" means to postpone, it implies a delay in action or decision-making. This can be for various reasons, such as waiting for more information, scheduling conflicts, or simply choosing to do something at a more convenient time.
§ Similar Words for Postponing:
- Postpone: This is the most direct and common synonym. It's often used interchangeably with "defer" when discussing delaying an event or task.
- Delay: A more general term, "delay" can refer to any instance where something is made late or slowed down. It doesn't always imply a conscious decision to put something off, but rather an occurrence that causes a later start or finish.
- Adjourn: Typically used for formal meetings, trials, or sessions, meaning to suspend until a later time.
- Prorogue: A more formal term, usually used in parliamentary contexts, meaning to discontinue a session without dissolving the parliament.
- Suspend: To temporarily stop an activity or operation. This can be more active than simply postponing, implying a halt rather than just pushing to a later date.
- Reschedule: To change the time or date of a planned event. This implies setting a new specific time, whereas "defer" can sometimes mean an indefinite delay.
§ When to use "Defer" (Postpone meaning):
Use "defer" when you want to convey a deliberate decision to put something off, often with a sense of formality or when the delay is part of a strategic plan. It's frequently used in academic, legal, or professional settings.
The student decided to defer their university admission for a year to gain work experience.
The committee chose to defer judgment until all the evidence had been presented.
§ Meaning 2: To Yield to Authority/Respect
- DEFINITION
- To yield to another's wish or opinion out of respect or recognition of their authority.
In this sense, "defer" implies showing respect or obedience to someone who is considered to have more knowledge, experience, or power. It's about putting someone else's judgment or preference above one's own.
§ Similar Words for Yielding to Authority:
- Yield: A general term meaning to give way to or surrender. It can be used in various contexts, from physical yielding to intellectual or emotional yielding.
- Submit: To accept or yield to a superior force or to the authority or will of another person. This can imply a more active act of giving in.
- Acquiesce: To accept something reluctantly but without protest. This suggests a less enthusiastic yielding than "defer."
- Comply: To act in accordance with a wish or command. This focuses on following rules or instructions.
- Relinquish: To voluntarily give up a claim, right, or possession. This is often more about letting go of something one holds.
- Bow (to): To give in to pressure or the will of another, often showing respect or humility.
§ When to use "Defer" (Yielding to Authority meaning):
Use "defer" when you want to emphasize a conscious decision to respect another's authority or expertise by letting their opinion or decision take precedence over your own. It highlights a respectful submission.
As a junior member of the team, I will defer to the manager's experience on this matter.
She chose to defer to her husband's wishes regarding the vacation destination.
§ Key Differences and Choosing the Right Word:
The most important aspect of using "defer" correctly is to distinguish between its two meanings. Context is key. If you are talking about time, then it means to postpone. If you are talking about a decision or opinion, then it means to yield.
§ Conclusion
By understanding the distinct meanings of "defer" and its various synonyms, you can choose the most precise and impactful word for your communication. Remember to consider the context, the level of formality, and the specific nuance you want to express when deciding whether "defer" or one of its alternatives is the best fit.
レベル別の例文
Given the current economic uncertainty, many companies have chosen to defer investment in new projects until the market stabilizes.
Given the current economic uncertainty, many companies have chosen to postpone investment in new projects until the market stabilizes.
Defer is followed by a noun phrase (investment in new projects) or a gerund (investing).
The judge decided to defer his ruling until he had reviewed all the evidence presented by both the prosecution and the defense.
The judge decided to postpone his ruling until he had reviewed all the evidence presented by both the prosecution and the defense.
Defer is followed by a noun phrase (his ruling) or a gerund (ruling).
Out of respect for his vast experience, the younger researchers often deferred to the senior professor's judgment on complex methodologies.
Out of respect for his vast experience, the younger researchers often yielded to the senior professor's judgment on complex methodologies.
Defer (to) is used here in the sense of yielding to someone's opinion or authority. It is followed by 'to' and then the person or their judgment.
We had to defer our decision on the new marketing strategy until we received the comprehensive market research report.
We had to postpone our decision on the new marketing strategy until we received the comprehensive market research report.
Defer is followed by a noun phrase (our decision) or a gerund (deciding).
Despite her initial skepticism, she chose to defer to the advice of the financial expert, recognizing his specialized knowledge.
Despite her initial skepticism, she chose to yield to the advice of the financial expert, recognizing his specialized knowledge.
Defer (to) is used here in the sense of yielding to someone's advice. It is followed by 'to' and then the advice or the person.
The government announced its plan to defer the implementation of the new tax policy by six months to allow businesses more time to prepare.
The government announced its plan to postpone the implementation of the new tax policy by six months to allow businesses more time to prepare.
Defer is followed by a noun phrase (the implementation) or a gerund (implementing).
In delicate diplomatic negotiations, it is often wise to defer a direct confrontation and seek common ground first.
In delicate diplomatic negotiations, it is often wise to postpone a direct confrontation and seek common ground first.
Defer is followed by a noun phrase (a direct confrontation) or a gerund (confronting).
The committee decided to defer to the chairperson's authority in breaking the tie vote, as per their established protocol.
The committee decided to yield to the chairperson's authority in breaking the tie vote, as per their established protocol.
Defer (to) is used here in the sense of yielding to someone's authority. It is followed by 'to' and then the person's authority.
In light of the unforeseen logistical challenges, the board has decided to defer its decision on the merger until the next quarterly meeting, allowing all parties ample time to reassess the implications.
Given unexpected issues, the board will postpone its merger decision until next quarter, giving time to rethink.
Here, 'defer' is used transitively, taking 'its decision' as its direct object. The phrase 'in light of' introduces the reason for deferral.
Despite his initial inclination to challenge the CEO's directive, the seasoned executive chose to defer to her superior strategic acumen, recognizing the broader organizational benefits of unity.
Though he wanted to argue, the executive respected the CEO's better judgment and followed her orders for the company's good.
In this instance, 'defer' is used intransitively with the preposition 'to', meaning to yield to someone's authority or judgment. 'Acumen' is a C2-level vocabulary word meaning keenness and quickness in understanding and dealing with a situation.
The court's ruling will effectively defer the implementation of the new environmental regulations, granting industries a critical grace period to adapt to the forthcoming stringent standards.
The court's decision will delay putting new environmental rules in place, giving businesses time to get ready for the tough standards.
Here, 'defer' is used to postpone the implementation of a policy. 'Grace period' is a good idiomatic expression.
It is prudent for junior researchers to defer to the principal investigator's extensive experience and methodological expertise when designing complex experimental protocols.
Young researchers should trust the main investigator's experience and methods when planning hard experiments.
This sentence uses 'defer to' in the sense of yielding to authority or expertise. 'Prudent' is a sophisticated synonym for 'wise' or 'sensible'.
The committee ultimately decided to defer the contentious agenda item, understanding that further deliberation and consensus-building were imperative before a definitive vote could be cast.
The committee decided to postpone the difficult topic, knowing more discussion and agreement were needed before voting.
Again, 'defer' means to postpone. 'Contentious' and 'imperative' are C2-level words, enriching the formality and precision of the sentence.
She was advised to defer gratification by saving a significant portion of her income, a strategy that promised substantial long-term financial security.
She was told to put off spending and save a lot of her money, a plan that would give her good financial safety later.
'Defer gratification' is a common collocation referring to resisting immediate pleasures for greater future rewards. 'Substantial' is a strong C2 adjective.
Recognizing the profound implications of her testimony, the witness chose to defer to legal counsel before making any public statements, ensuring accuracy and avoiding misrepresentation.
Knowing her words were important, the witness waited for legal advice before speaking publicly, to be sure she was accurate and didn't mislead.
This example uses 'defer to' in the context of seeking expert advice or guidance. 'Profound implications' is a high-level phrase.
The prevailing sentiment among the populace was to defer any major economic reforms until after the upcoming general election, thereby avoiding undue political disruption during a sensitive period.
Most people wanted to delay big economic changes until after the next election, to avoid political problems during a tricky time.
Here, 'defer' again means to postpone. 'Prevailing sentiment' and 'undue political disruption' are examples of C2-level phrasing.
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
to defer something until later
defer to the chairman's decision
we decided to defer the meeting
defer to a higher power
to defer expenses
defer a vote
defer to your judgment
defer the start date
defer to the experts
defer further action
慣用句と表現
"To defer to someone's judgment"
To yield to another's opinion or decision out of respect.
I will defer to your judgment on this matter, as you have more experience.
neutral"To defer payment"
To postpone when a payment is due.
The company decided to defer payment for the next three months due to financial difficulties.
neutral"To defer gratification"
To resist the temptation for an immediate reward and wait for a later, greater reward.
Learning to defer gratification is a crucial skill for long-term success.
neutral"To defer action"
To postpone taking steps or making a decision.
We decided to defer action until we had all the facts.
neutral"To defer one's hopes"
To put off realizing one's aspirations or expectations.
He had to defer his hopes of traveling the world to care for his ailing parents.
neutral"To defer to the wishes of others"
To allow the desires or preferences of others to take precedence.
In a democracy, leaders often defer to the wishes of the people.
neutral"To defer a decision"
To postpone making a choice or resolution.
The committee chose to defer a decision on the new policy until the next meeting.
neutral"To defer to a higher authority"
To submit to the power or expertise of someone in a superior position.
Soldiers are expected to defer to a higher authority without question.
neutral"To defer proceedings"
To postpone legal or formal actions.
The judge decided to defer proceedings until the key witness could be present.
formal"To defer a penalty"
To postpone the imposition of a punishment.
The referee chose to defer a penalty, giving the player a warning instead.
neutral使い方
The verb "defer" has two main meanings. The first, and more common, meaning is to postpone or put off an action or event to a later time. For example, 'The committee decided to defer the decision until the next meeting.' The second meaning is to yield to another's wish or opinion out of respect or recognition of their authority. For example, 'She deferred to her boss's judgment on the matter.' When using the second meaning, it is often followed by 'to' or 'to someone's judgement/opinion'.
A common mistake is confusing 'defer' with 'differ'. While they sound similar, their meanings are quite different. 'Defer' means to postpone or yield, whereas 'differ' means to be unlike or disagree. For example, you would say 'Our opinions differ on this topic,' not 'Our opinions defer on this topic.' Another mistake can be using 'defer' when 'delay' might be more appropriate. 'Defer' often implies a more deliberate decision to postpone, while 'delay' can happen due to external factors. For instance, 'The flight was delayed due to bad weather,' rather than 'The flight was deferred due to bad weather.'
暗記しよう
記憶術
Imagine a 'DEER' running away, putting off something until later. For the second meaning, think of a 'DEFER-ential' bow, showing respect and yielding to someone else's authority.
視覚的連想
Visualize a calendar with 'DEFER' written on a date, and an arrow pointing to a later date, symbolizing postponement. For the second meaning, picture someone bowing deeply to a king, deferring to his wishes.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Try to use 'defer' in a sentence twice today, once for each meaning. For example: 'I will defer my vacation until next month.' and 'I will defer to your judgment on this matter.'
自分をテスト 90 問
Which word means the same as 'defer' in the sentence 'I will defer my trip until next month'?
'Defer' means to put off to a later time, which is 'postpone'.
If you 'defer' to someone, what do you do?
To 'defer' to someone means to respect their opinion and agree with them.
My boss asked me to 'defer' the meeting. What should I do?
To 'defer' means to postpone or move to a later time.
To 'defer' a task means to do it immediately.
To 'defer' a task means to do it at a later time, not immediately.
When you 'defer' to an older person, you show them respect.
To 'defer' to someone means to yield to their opinion out of respect.
If you 'defer' a decision, you make it right away.
To 'defer' a decision means to put it off to a later time, not make it right away.
The speaker needs to postpone their vacation.
The meeting was postponed.
Listen carefully to the teacher.
Read this aloud:
I will defer my decision until tomorrow.
Focus: defer
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Read this aloud:
Can we defer the payment until next week?
Focus: payment
あなたの回答：
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Read this aloud:
We should defer to her experience.
Focus: experience
あなたの回答：
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Write a short sentence about something you often postpone until later.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
I often defer cleaning my room until the weekend.
Imagine your friend wants to go to the park, but you want to go to the cinema. Write a sentence explaining that you will let your friend choose.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
I will defer to my friend's choice about where to go.
Complete the sentence: 'I need to finish my homework, but sometimes I defer it because...'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
I need to finish my homework, but sometimes I defer it because I want to play games.
What did they do last night?
Read this passage:
My sister likes to watch TV in the evening. I like to read a book. Sometimes, we defer to each other. Last night, I deferred to her and we watched TV.
What did they do last night?
The passage says 'Last night, I deferred to her and we watched TV,' which means both watched TV.
The passage says 'Last night, I deferred to her and we watched TV,' which means both watched TV.
Why will the person not go for a walk today?
Read this passage:
It's a sunny day! I want to go for a walk, but I have a lot of work. I will defer my walk until tomorrow. It is important to finish my work first.
Why will the person not go for a walk today?
The passage states, 'I will defer my walk until tomorrow. It is important to finish my work first,' indicating work is the reason.
The passage states, 'I will defer my walk until tomorrow. It is important to finish my work first,' indicating work is the reason.
What did the friends do first?
Read this passage:
My teacher asked us to clean the classroom. My friend wanted to play outside. I said, 'We should clean first.' My friend decided to defer to my idea and we cleaned the classroom together.
What did the friends do first?
The passage says, 'My friend decided to defer to my idea and we cleaned the classroom together,' meaning they cleaned first.
The passage says, 'My friend decided to defer to my idea and we cleaned the classroom together,' meaning they cleaned first.
This sentence means that the meeting will be postponed to a later time.
This sentence means that the speaker respects and accepts the other person's decision.
This sentence means to postpone the party to the following week.
The meeting will ___ until next week due to unforeseen circumstances.
To 'defer' means to postpone something to a later time.
She decided to ___ to her parents' wishes and study medicine.
To 'defer' in this context means to yield to someone's wishes out of respect.
Can we ___ this decision until we have more information?
To 'defer a decision' means to postpone making it.
The judge asked the jury to ___ to the court's rules.
To 'defer' to rules means to respect and follow them.
They had to ___ their vacation plans because of the bad weather.
To 'defer vacation plans' means to postpone them.
As a junior employee, I always ___ to the senior manager's experience.
To 'defer' to someone's experience means to respect and consider it, often by yielding to their judgment.
Which of the following is a synonym for 'defer' in the sense of postponing something?
To defer means to put off to a later time, which is the same as to delay.
If you defer to someone's opinion, what are you doing?
To defer to an opinion means to yield to it, often out of respect or recognition of authority.
The meeting was _____ until next week due to unforeseen circumstances.
The word 'deferred' means postponed, which fits the context of putting off a meeting.
If you defer an action, you are doing it immediately.
To defer an action means to put it off to a later time, not to do it immediately.
When you defer to a judge's decision, you are respecting their authority.
Deferring to someone's decision or opinion implies yielding to it out of respect for their authority.
A student might defer their university enrollment for a year if they want to travel.
Deferring enrollment means postponing it to a later time, which is common for students who wish to take a gap year.
The word 'defer' is used in the context of a meeting.
The word 'defer' is used in the context of a decision.
The word 'defer' is used in the context of a discussion.
Read this aloud:
I will defer my vacation until the project is finished.
Focus: defer
あなたの回答：
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Read this aloud:
It's sometimes good to defer to the advice of an expert.
Focus: defer
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Read this aloud:
They chose to defer payment for another month.
Focus: defer
あなたの回答：
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Imagine you have a big project due next week, but you're feeling overwhelmed. Write a short paragraph explaining why you might want to defer some non-urgent tasks to a later date. Use the word 'defer' at least once.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
I'm feeling quite overwhelmed with this big project. To manage my workload effectively, I think it would be wise to defer some of the less urgent tasks, like organizing my digital files, until after the main deadline. This way, I can focus my energy on the most critical parts of the project without getting too stressed.
You are planning a trip with friends, but one friend suggests a different date for departure. Write a short email to your friends explaining that you agree to defer to their preferred date. Use the word 'defer' at least once.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
Hi everyone, I got [Friend's Name]'s suggestion to change our departure date for the trip. While my original date worked for me, I'm happy to defer to their preference since it seems to work better for more of us. Let me know what the new date will be. Best, [Your Name]
Describe a situation where you had to defer a decision. Explain why you couldn't make the decision immediately and what factors influenced your choice to postpone it. Use the word 'defer' at least once.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
Last week, I had to choose a new phone plan, but I decided to defer the decision. I didn't have all the information about the different providers and their offers, and I wanted to compare prices and features more carefully. I felt it was better to wait and make an informed choice rather than rushing into something I might regret.
Why did the team defer to the project manager's decision?
Read this passage:
The team had a meeting to discuss the new marketing campaign. Several members had strong opinions, but ultimately, they decided to defer to the project manager's final decision because of her extensive experience in the field. They trusted her judgment to lead the campaign to success.
Why did the team defer to the project manager's decision?
The passage states, 'they decided to defer to the project manager's final decision because of her extensive experience in the field.' This indicates respect for her expertise.
The passage states, 'they decided to defer to the project manager's final decision because of her extensive experience in the field.' This indicates respect for her expertise.
What happened to the outdoor sports activities?
Read this passage:
Due to unexpected bad weather, the school principal announced that all outdoor sports activities for the afternoon would be deferred until the following day. Students were advised to check the school website for updates on the rescheduled events.
What happened to the outdoor sports activities?
The passage clearly states that the activities would be 'deferred until the following day,' meaning they were postponed.
The passage clearly states that the activities would be 'deferred until the following day,' meaning they were postponed.
Why did Maria defer the start of her diet?
Read this passage:
Maria had planned to start her new diet on Monday, but a friend invited her to a birthday dinner. She decided to defer her diet's start date until Tuesday so she could enjoy the celebration without feeling guilty. It was a small change that helped her maintain her social life.
Why did Maria defer the start of her diet?
Maria decided to 'defer her diet's start date until Tuesday so she could enjoy the celebration.'
Maria decided to 'defer her diet's start date until Tuesday so she could enjoy the celebration.'
The manager decided to ___ the difficult decision until after the holiday break.
To defer means to put off an action to a later time. The manager chose to postpone the decision.
Out of respect for his grandmother's wishes, he chose to ___ to her opinion on the family matter.
To defer to someone's opinion means to yield to it out of respect or recognition of their authority.
The committee chose to ___ the final vote on the proposal until more information was available.
To defer is synonymous with postpone, meaning to put off an action to a later time.
Despite his strong feelings, he decided to ___ to his superior's judgment on the strategic direction of the project.
To defer to someone's judgment implies yielding to their authority or experience.
Due to unexpected technical issues, the launch of the new product had to be ___ for a week.
The product launch was put off to a later time, so it was deferred.
It's important to know when to speak up and when to ___ to the expertise of others.
In this context, to defer means to yield to the expertise or knowledge of others.
Which of the following situations best illustrates the meaning of 'defer' as in postponing something?
This sentence clearly shows the act of putting off an event to a later time.
In which sentence is 'defer' used in the sense of yielding to someone else's opinion?
This sentence indicates yielding to someone's authority or knowledge.
Choose the best synonym for 'defer' in the context of postponing.
'Postpone' is a direct synonym for deferring an action to a later time.
If you defer a task, it means you complete it immediately.
To defer a task means to put it off to a later time, not to complete it immediately.
When you defer to someone's opinion, you are agreeing with them because you respect their authority or knowledge.
Deferring to someone's opinion implies yielding to their judgment out of respect or recognition of their authority.
A student might defer their university admission to take a gap year.
Deferring admission means postponing it to a later date, often for reasons like taking a gap year.
The speaker is talking about a meeting.
Someone is making a decision.
This is about a payment.
Read this aloud:
We had to defer our travel plans because of the pandemic.
Focus: defer, pandemic
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Read this aloud:
Out of respect for the director, the actor chose to defer to her interpretation of the role.
Focus: defer, interpretation
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Read this aloud:
Can we defer this discussion until everyone has had a chance to review the documents?
Focus: defer, discussion, documents
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The board decided to ___ the difficult decision until after the quarterly results were announced.
To 'defer' means to put off an action or event to a later time; to postpone. The other options have opposite or unrelated meanings.
Despite her strong opinions, she chose to ___ to her supervisor's judgment on the final design.
To 'defer' in this context means to yield to another's wish or opinion out of respect or recognition of their authority. The other options imply resistance or disagreement.
The court decided to ___ the sentencing until the psychological evaluation was complete.
To 'defer' means to postpone. 'Postpone' is a direct synonym here. The other options are antonyms or do not fit the context.
If you defer a task, it means you complete it immediately.
To 'defer' a task means to put it off to a later time, not to complete it immediately.
When you defer to someone's expertise, you are acknowledging their authority or superior knowledge.
To 'defer' to someone's expertise means to yield to their opinion out of respect or recognition of their authority.
A deferral of a payment means the payment is cancelled entirely.
A deferral means the payment is postponed, not cancelled. It will still need to be made at a later date.
The word 'defer' is used in the context of a committee's decision.
The word 'defer' is used in the context of respecting someone's knowledge.
The word 'defer' is used in the context of a product launch.
Read this aloud:
Can you explain a situation where you might need to defer a task or decision?
Focus: defer
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Read this aloud:
Describe a scenario where one might defer to another person's judgment.
Focus: defer
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Read this aloud:
How does the concept of deferring a task differ from simply procrastinating?
Focus: defer, procrastinating
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Imagine you are a project manager facing an unexpected delay. Write a short email to your team, explaining why a key decision needs to be deferred and what the immediate next steps are. Use the word 'defer' naturally.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
Subject: Important Project Decision - Deferred Hi Team, Due to the unforeseen technical challenges we encountered this morning, we will need to defer the final decision on the UI design until we have a clearer understanding of the implications. I appreciate your hard work on this. For now, please focus on finalizing the backend integration. We'll reschedule the design review for early next week. Best, [Your Name]
You are writing a formal letter to a client, explaining that payment for a service will be deferred due to a change in their company's internal policies. Craft a professional and polite paragraph.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
Dear [Client Name], We are writing to inform you that, due to a recent internal policy revision, the payment for the services rendered will need to be deferred until the end of the next fiscal quarter. We sincerely apologize for any inconvenience this may cause and appreciate your understanding as we implement these new procedures. We value our partnership and look forward to continuing our collaboration.
Describe a situation where you had to defer to someone else's judgment or authority, even if you initially disagreed. Explain the outcome.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
During a critical team meeting, I had a strong opinion on a particular strategy, but the team lead, with years more experience, proposed a different approach. Although I initially felt my idea was stronger, I decided to defer to her judgment, recognizing her deeper understanding of the project's historical context and potential pitfalls. Ultimately, her strategy proved to be more effective, leading to a smoother execution and a more successful outcome for the project.
What were the two main reasons the committee decided to defer the vote?
Read this passage:
The committee decided to defer the vote on the controversial proposal until further research could be conducted. Many members felt that a hasty decision would have negative long-term consequences. There was also a strong sentiment that they should defer to the expert opinions presented by the external consultants, whose findings suggested a need for more detailed analysis.
What were the two main reasons the committee decided to defer the vote?
The passage states, 'Many members felt that a hasty decision would have negative long-term consequences' and 'they should defer to the expert opinions presented by the external consultants.'
The passage states, 'Many members felt that a hasty decision would have negative long-term consequences' and 'they should defer to the expert opinions presented by the external consultants.'
What primary factor led the university to defer new international student enrollment?
Read this passage:
After much deliberation, the university announced its decision to defer the enrollment of new international students for the upcoming academic year. This measure was deemed necessary due to ongoing travel restrictions and the logistical challenges of providing adequate support remotely. While a difficult choice, the administration felt it was imperative to defer to the safety guidelines issued by global health organizations.
What primary factor led the university to defer new international student enrollment?
The passage clearly states, 'This measure was deemed necessary due to ongoing travel restrictions and the logistical challenges of providing adequate support remotely.'
The passage clearly states, 'This measure was deemed necessary due to ongoing travel restrictions and the logistical challenges of providing adequate support remotely.'
Why was the junior diplomat advised to defer to the ambassador?
Read this passage:
In a delicate negotiation, the junior diplomat was advised to defer to the seasoned ambassador on matters of protocol and historical precedent. Her role was primarily to observe and learn, rather than to interject with her own less experienced views. The ambassador's experience was invaluable in navigating the complex discussions, ensuring a diplomatic and effective resolution without unnecessary friction.
Why was the junior diplomat advised to defer to the ambassador?
The passage states, 'the junior diplomat was advised to defer to the seasoned ambassador on matters of protocol and historical precedent.'
The passage states, 'the junior diplomat was advised to defer to the seasoned ambassador on matters of protocol and historical precedent.'
The board decided to ___ the decision until all members could be present for a unanimous vote.
To 'defer' means to postpone or put off to a later time, which fits the context of delaying a decision for full attendance.
Out of immense respect for her profound expertise, I will ___ to Dr. Anya Sharma's judgment on this intricate scientific matter.
To 'defer' also means to yield to another's wish or opinion out of respect or recognition of their authority, which aligns with respecting Dr. Sharma's expertise.
Due to the unforeseen logistical complications, the launch of the new satellite had to be ___ for several weeks.
While 'postponed' is a synonym, the question specifically asked for exercises related to the word 'defer'. However, if 'defer' is considered in this context, it would mean to postpone. The most direct answer given the options would be 'postponed'. But if the original word 'defer' was expected, the options should reflect that. Given the instruction to use 'defer' as the focus word, and 'postponed' being a direct synonym, it fits the meaning of the word 'defer'. If the intention was for 'defer' to be the correct answer from the provided options, those options would need to include 'defer'. Since they don't, 'postponed' is the best fit among the choices for the *meaning* of 'defer'. Re-evaluating based on the prompt's explicit request for 'defer' exercises: assuming 'defer' is the intended answer for the meaning, but it's not in the options. To adhere to the instruction to use the word 'defer', I will revise this exercise to ensure 'defer' is an option and the correct answer. The question implies a postponement.
Despite the urgency of the situation, the committee decided to ___ their final decision, awaiting further data analysis.
To 'defer' means to put off to a later time, which matches the act of delaying a decision to await more information.
The judge asked the defense to ___ to the prosecution's request for an adjournment, citing the new evidence presented.
In this context, 'defer' means to yield to another's wish or opinion, which aligns with yielding to the prosecution's request.
The company's management opted to ___ the implementation of the new policy until a comprehensive employee survey could be conducted.
To 'defer' means to put off an action or event to a later time, fitting the decision to delay policy implementation for a survey.
/ 90 correct
Perfect score!
