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B1 noun #3,500 よく出る 9分で読める

خانواده‌گی

khanevadegi
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解説 خانواده‌گی in your Level:
At the A1 level, you only need to know 'خانواده‌گی' in one very specific context: 'نام خانوادگی' (Nām-e Khānevādegi). This means 'family name' or 'surname'. When you meet someone new or fill out a basic form, you will be asked for your 'نام' (first name) and your 'نام خانوادگی'. It is important to remember that in Persian, the adjective comes after the noun. So, it is 'name familial', not 'familial name'. You might also hear it in very simple sentences about your family, like 'This is a family photo' (این یک عکس خانواده‌گی است). At this stage, don't worry about the complex grammar or other synonyms. Just focus on identifying your last name and understanding that this word relates to the group of people you live with—your 'خانواده'. Learn the sound: 'Khā-ne-vā-de-gi'. It is a long word, but it is just 'family' with a 'gi' at the end.
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At the A2 level, you can start using 'خانواده‌گی' to describe simple events and social situations. You should be able to say things like 'family party' (مهمانی خانواده‌گی) or 'family dinner' (شام خانواده‌گی). You will notice that Iranians use this word to distinguish between events that include relatives and events that are just for friends. You might also encounter the word in descriptions of places, such as a 'family restaurant' (رستوران خانواده‌گی), which implies a place that is safe and welcoming for children. You should also be aware of the spelling with the ZWNJ (the tiny gap between 'de' and 'gi'). While it looks like one word, the 'h' at the end of 'khānevāde' is silent, and the 'gi' is a suffix that turns the noun into an adjective. Practice using it with the Ezafe (the 'e' connector), like 'ravābet-e khānevādegi' (family relations).
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At the B1 level, you are expected to use 'خانواده‌گی' in a variety of social and semi-formal contexts. You should understand the difference between 'خانواده‌گی' and 'فامیلی' (the latter being more informal and often restricted to just 'last name'). You can now discuss 'family problems' (مشکلات خانواده‌گی), 'family traditions' (سنت‌های خانواده‌گی), and 'family values' (ارزش‌های خانواده‌گی). This level requires you to understand the cultural importance of the word. In Iran, 'familial' matters are often kept private, so using this word can sometimes signal that a topic is sensitive. You should also be comfortable using it in the context of business, such as 'family business' (کسب‌وکارهای خانواده‌گی), and understand that many large companies in Iran are actually run by families. You are moving beyond simple labels and starting to describe the quality of relationships and social structures.
At the B2 level, you should be able to use 'خانواده‌گی' in more abstract and complex discussions. You can talk about 'familial bonds' (پیوندهای خانواده‌گی) and how they impact society or individual psychology. You might encounter the word in news reports or articles about 'family law' (حقوق خانواده‌گی) or 'domestic issues'. You should be able to distinguish between 'خانواده‌گی' and 'خویشاوندی' (kinship), knowing that the former is more common in general discourse while the latter is more formal/technical. You can also use the word to describe hereditary traits or diseases (بیماری‌های خانواده‌گی) with confidence. At this stage, you should be able to use the word in longer sentences and explain its significance in Iranian culture, such as the concept of 'family honor' (آبروی خانواده‌گی). Your vocabulary is becoming more nuanced, and you can use this adjective to add depth to your descriptions of social life.
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At the C1 level, your use of 'خانواده‌گی' should be sophisticated and context-aware. You can analyze the role of 'familial structures' in Iranian history or sociology. You should be familiar with idiomatic or semi-idiomatic uses, such as 'شجره‌نامه خانواده‌گی' (family tree/genealogy). You can discuss the evolution of 'family names' in Iran and how the transition from tribal identities to official 'نام خانوادگی' changed Iranian society. You should also be able to use the word in high-level academic or professional writing, such as in a thesis about 'familial influences on education' or a legal document regarding 'familial inheritance'. You understand the subtle emotional weight the word carries and can use it to evoke a sense of tradition, loyalty, or domesticity in your creative writing or public speaking. You are no longer just using a word; you are using a cultural concept.
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At the C2 level, you have complete mastery over 'خانواده‌گی' and its entire semantic field. You can engage in deep philosophical or sociological debates about the 'familial unit' versus 'individualism' in the modern world, using 'خانواده‌گی' as a key term. You can appreciate and use the word in classical-style literature or modern poetry where it might be used to symbolize rootedness or the weight of history. You are fully aware of all synonyms (فامیلی، خویشاوندی، عشیره‌ای، موروثی) and can choose the exact one needed for the most subtle shades of meaning. You can handle complex legal or medical jargon involving 'familial' concepts without hesitation. You also understand the historical etymology of the root 'خانواده' and how the suffix '-گی' functions across the Persian language to create abstract or descriptive adjectives. Your command of the word is indistinguishable from that of a highly educated native speaker.
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خانواده‌گی 30秒で

  • Khānevādegi is the Persian adjective for 'familial' or 'family-related'.
  • It is essential for stating your last name (Nām-e Khānevādegi) in any formal setting.
  • It describes social events, businesses, and traditions that involve relatives.
  • It is formed by adding '-gi' to 'Khānevāde' (family) with a ZWNJ.

The Persian word خانواده‌گی (Khānevādegi) is a fundamental adjective in the Persian language, derived from the noun خانواده (Khānevāde), which means 'family'. The suffix -گی converts the noun into an adjective, effectively meaning 'familial', 'family-related', or 'of the family'. In Iranian culture, where the family unit is the cornerstone of social life, this word carries significant weight and appears in a vast array of contexts, from formal administrative forms to intimate dinner conversations.

Core Meaning
At its simplest level, خانواده‌گی describes anything that belongs to or involves a family. Whether it is a shared surname, a recurring hereditary health condition, or a tradition passed down through generations, this word is the primary descriptor used to link an object or concept to the domestic sphere.
Social Significance
In Iran, the distinction between the 'private' family world and the 'public' world is sharp. خانواده‌گی often signifies a level of trust, intimacy, and shared history that is not extended to outsiders. When someone speaks of a 'family gathering' (مهمانی خانواده‌گی), they are implying a space where social masks are lowered and collective identity is celebrated.

ما یک جلسه خانواده‌گی برای تصمیم‌گیری درباره سفر داشتیم.

— "We had a familial meeting to decide about the trip."

One of the most common uses of this word is in the phrase نام خانوادگی (Nām-e Khānevādegi), which means 'family name' or 'surname'. Before the early 20th century, many Iranians did not have official surnames, often being identified by their father's name or their place of origin. The modernization of the civil registry made 'خانواده‌گی' a permanent fixture of Iranian identity cards. Today, asking for someone's 'family name' is a standard part of any introduction in a formal or semi-formal setting.

Usage in Media
You will frequently encounter this word in Iranian cinema and literature. A 'family drama' (درام خانواده‌گی) is a popular genre that explores the complexities of relationships between parents, children, and extended kin, often reflecting the tension between tradition and modernity.

این یک کسب‌وکار خانواده‌گی است که از پدربزرگم به ما رسیده است.

— "This is a family business that has come down to us from my grandfather."

Beyond simple relationships, the word can describe values (ارزش‌های خانواده‌گی) or problems (مشکلات خانواده‌گی). It is an versatile adjective that transforms any noun into something rooted in the home. In more academic or psychological contexts, it might be replaced by the more formal خویشاوندی (kinship), but in daily life, 'خانواده‌گی' remains the undisputed king of domestic descriptors.

Using خانواده‌گی correctly requires understanding its role as an adjective. In Persian, adjectives typically follow the noun they modify, connected by the Ezafe construction (a short 'e' sound). For example, to say 'family party', you say مهمانیِ خانواده‌گی (Mehmāni-ye Khānevādegi). Notice how the word 'خانواده‌گی' provides the specific context for the type of party being discussed.

The Ezafe Connection
When 'خانواده‌گی' follows a noun ending in a consonant, you add a 'e' sound (e.g., روابطِ خانواده‌گی - Ravābet-e Khānevādegi). If the noun ends in a vowel, you use 'ye' (e.g., نامِ خانواده‌گی - Nām-e Khānevādegi). Mastering this connection is key to sounding natural.

آن‌ها پیوندهای خانواده‌گی بسیار محکمی دارند.

— "They have very strong family bonds."

In formal writing, 'خانواده‌گی' often appears in administrative contexts. For instance, when filling out a form, you might see a section for وضعیت خانواده‌گی (Family Status/Marital Status), though 'وضعیت تأهل' is more specific for marriage. It is also used to describe hereditary traits, such as بیماری‌های خانواده‌گی (family/hereditary diseases).

Describing Traditions
You can use this word to describe intangible heritage. سنت‌های خانواده‌گی (Family traditions) refers to the specific ways a family celebrates Nowruz or other holidays. It emphasizes the 'internal' nature of these customs.

احترام به بزرگترها یکی از اصول خانواده‌گی ماست.

— "Respecting elders is one of our family principles."

Another interesting usage is in the context of legal and social rights. حقوق خانواده‌گی refers to family law or the rights individuals have within the family structure. This shows the word's transition from casual conversation to specialized legal terminology. Whether you are talking about a simple dinner or a complex legal battle, 'خانواده‌گی' provides the necessary scope.

If you spend a day in an Iranian city, you will hear خانواده‌گی in multiple environments, ranging from the mundane to the highly emotional. It is a word that bridges the gap between the bureaucratic and the personal. In a bank or government office, you will hear it used for identification; in a living room, you will hear it used to define the boundaries of social interaction.

At the Airport or Border
The most common place a traveler hears this is at passport control. 'نام و نام خانواده‌گی؟' (Name and family name?) is the standard question. It is so common that it often sounds like one long word: Nāmo-nām-e-khānevādegi.
In Social Invitations
When Iranians invite someone to a party, they might specify if it is a 'دورهمی خانواده‌گی' (family get-together). This signals to the guest that the environment will be more relaxed, probably involving children and elders, and that they should dress or behave with a certain level of 'family-friendly' decorum.

این رستوران محیطی خانواده‌گی و آرام دارد.

— "This restaurant has a familial and quiet environment."

In Iranian media, particularly the news, the term خشونت خانواده‌گی (domestic/family violence) or مشاوره خانواده‌گی (family counseling) is used to discuss social issues. The word 'خانواده‌گی' here serves to categorize the issue as something happening within the domestic sphere, distinct from general street crime or professional interactions.

In Commercials
Advertisements for food, cars, or insurance often use 'خانواده‌گی' to appeal to the consumer's sense of responsibility toward their loved ones. Phrases like بسته‌های خانواده‌گی (family packs) for groceries are very common in supermarkets.

آیا شما بیمه خانواده‌گی دارید؟

— "Do you have family insurance?"

Finally, in the workplace, 'خانواده‌گی' might come up during discussions about benefits or leave. A 'family emergency' (مورد اضطراری خانواده‌گی) is a universally understood reason for taking time off. In all these cases, the word acts as a qualifier that instantly tells the listener that the matter at hand is personal, collective, and deeply significant.

While خانواده‌گی might seem straightforward, learners of Persian often stumble over its spelling, its distinction from the noun 'family', and its synonym 'فامیلی'. Avoiding these common pitfalls will make your Persian sound much more authentic and precise.

Mistake 1: Noun vs. Adjective
The most common error is using the noun خانواده (family) when the adjective خانواده‌گی is required. For example, saying 'نام خانواده' instead of 'نام خانواده‌گی'. Remember: 'خانواده' is the group of people; 'خانواده‌گی' is the quality of being related to that group.

Incorrect: مشکلات خانواده من زیاد است.
Correct: مشکلات خانواده‌گی من زیاد است.

— "My family problems are many."

Another area of confusion is the spelling. The word contains a Zero Width Non-Joiner (ZWNJ) after the 'ه'. In modern Persian, 'خانواده' ends in a silent 'h' (Heh-ye-Malfuz). When adding the '-gi' suffix, we use a ZWNJ (خانواده‌گی) rather than joining them directly. Writing it as خانوادهگی is technically incorrect, though you may see it in informal digital typing.

Mistake 2: Overusing 'Fāmili'
Many learners prefer the word فامیلی (Fāmili) because it sounds like English. While 'فامیلی' is perfectly acceptable for 'last name' (e.g., فامیلی شما چیست؟), it is often too informal or narrow for other contexts. You wouldn't usually say 'بیماری فامیلی' for a hereditary disease; 'بیماری خانواده‌گی' is much better.

Incorrect: ما یک سنت فامیلی داریم.
Correct: ما یک سنت خانواده‌گی داریم.

— "We have a family tradition."

Lastly, be careful with the word خویشاوندی (kinship). While it is a synonym, it is much more formal and usually reserved for legal, anthropological, or genealogical discussions. Using 'خویشاوندی' in a casual conversation about a family dinner would sound strangely academic and out of place. Stick to 'خانواده‌گی' for 90% of your needs.

Persian has a rich vocabulary for describing relationships. While خانواده‌گی is the most versatile term, knowing its synonyms and alternatives will help you navigate different levels of formality and specific social contexts. Each of these words carries a slightly different 'flavor'.

1. فامیلی (Fāmili)
This is a direct loanword from European languages (likely French). It is incredibly common in spoken Persian, especially as a shorthand for 'last name'. However, it is less common as a general adjective for 'familial'.
Example: فامیلیِ او چیست؟ (What is his last name?)
2. خویشاوندی (Khishāvandi)
Derived from 'خویش' (kin/self), this is a more formal and 'pure' Persian word. It is used in legal contexts, like 'kinship rights', or to describe biological relationships.
Example: پیوندهای خویشاوندی (Kinship ties)

تفاوت بین خانواده‌گی و خویشاوندی در میزان صمیمیت و کاربرد رسمی آن‌هاست.

— "The difference between 'familial' and 'kinship' lies in their level of intimacy and formal usage."

If you are talking about ancestors and lineage, you might use اجدادی (Ajdādi) or موروثی (Mowrusi). 'اجدادی' specifically relates to ancestors (e.g., 'ancestral home'), while 'موروثی' means 'hereditary' and is often used for medical conditions or traits passed down through DNA.

3. بستگان (Bastegān)
This is a noun meaning 'relatives'. While not an adjective, it is the plural form of 'بسته' (bound/closed) and refers to the group of people you are bound to by blood. It is often used interchangeably with 'فامیل' (the noun version).
Example: همه بستگان ما در تهران هستند. (All our relatives are in Tehran.)

او یک میراث خانواده‌گی ارزشمند دارد.

— "He has a valuable family heritage."

In summary, 'خانواده‌گی' is your 'all-purpose' word. Use 'فامیلی' for surnames in casual talk, 'خویشاوندی' for legal matters, and 'موروثی' for things in your genes. Understanding these nuances will help you describe the complex web of Iranian relationships with precision.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

The root 'Khāne' (house) is one of the most productive roots in Persian, appearing in hundreds of words from 'Kārkhāne' (Factory - Work-house) to 'Ketābkhāne' (Library - Book-house).

発音ガイド

UK /xɒːnevɒːdeˈɡiː/
US /xɑːnevɑːdeˈɡiː/
The primary stress falls on the final syllable '-gi'.
韻が合う語
زندگی (Zendegi) سادگی (Sādegi) بندگی (Bandegi) همیشگی (Hamishegi) آزادگی (Āzādegi) پردگی (Pardegi) درماندگی (Darmāndegi) افسردگی (Afsordegi)
よくある間違い
  • Pronouncing 'kh' as a simple 'k'.
  • Missing the silent 'h' in the middle and joining it as 'khānevādegi' without the proper transition.
  • Stressing the first syllable instead of the last.

難易度

読解 3/5

Recognizing the ZWNJ and the suffix is key for B1 learners.

ライティング 4/5

The ZWNJ and the 'h' before 'gi' can be tricky to type correctly.

スピーキング 2/5

Pronunciation is rhythmic and follows standard rules.

リスニング 2/5

Very common word; easily identifiable in context.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

خانواده نام مهمانی مشکل خانه

次に学ぶ

خویشاوند بستگان ازدواج فرزند اجداد

上級

شجره‌نامه وراثت نسبت سببی نسبی

知っておくべき文法

Ezafe Construction

نامِ (e) خانوادگی

Adjective Suffix -gi

خانواده + گی = خانواده‌گی

Zero Width Non-Joiner (ZWNJ)

خانواده‌گی (Not خانوادهگی)

Adjective Placement

Always follows the noun in Persian.

Possessive Suffixes with Adjectives

نام خانوادگی‌ام (My family name)

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レベル別の例文

1

نام خانوادگی شما چیست؟

What is your family name?

Focus on the Ezafe connecting 'Nām' and 'Khānevādegi'.

2

نام خانوادگی من احمدی است.

My family name is Ahmadi.

Simple subject-predicate structure.

3

این یک عکس خانواده‌گی است.

This is a family photo.

Adjective following the noun 'aks' (photo).

4

ما به یک مهمانی خانواده‌گی می‌رویم.

We are going to a family party.

Present continuous tense.

5

او نام خانوادگی خود را نوشت.

He wrote his family name.

Past tense of 'neveshtan' (to write).

6

آیا این یک رستوران خانواده‌گی است؟

Is this a family restaurant?

Question form.

7

نام و نام خانوادگی را اینجا بنویسید.

Write your name and family name here.

Imperative form.

8

او نام خانوادگی زیبایی دارد.

She has a beautiful family name.

Adjective 'zibā' modifying the whole phrase.

1

ما هر جمعه یک ناهار خانواده‌گی داریم.

We have a family lunch every Friday.

Use of 'har' (every) for recurring events.

2

روابط خانواده‌گی در ایران بسیار مهم است.

Family relations are very important in Iran.

Plural noun 'ravābet' (relations).

3

آن‌ها یک کسب‌وکارهای خانواده‌گی کوچک دارند.

They have a small family business.

Compound noun phrase.

4

این یک راز خانواده‌گی است.

This is a family secret.

Simple adjective usage.

5

او درباره مشکلات خانواده‌گی‌اش صحبت کرد.

He talked about his family problems.

Possessive suffix '-ash' attached to the adjective.

6

ما به سنت‌های خانواده‌گی احترام می‌گذاریم.

We respect family traditions.

Compound verb 'ehterām gozāshtan'.

7

آیا شما آلبوم خانواده‌گی دارید؟

Do you have a family album?

Direct object with 'āyā' question.

8

این فیلم یک درام خانواده‌گی است.

This movie is a family drama.

Categorization using 'ast' (is).

1

بسیاری از بیماری‌ها ریشه خانواده‌گی دارند.

Many diseases have a family root (are hereditary).

Idiomatic use of 'rishe' (root).

2

او به دلیل مسائل خانواده‌گی نتوانست بیاید.

He couldn't come due to family issues.

'Be dalil-e' (due to) followed by a phrase.

3

ارزش‌های خانواده‌گی در طول زمان تغییر کرده‌اند.

Family values have changed over time.

Present perfect tense 'taghyir kardeh-and'.

4

ما یک جلسه خانواده‌گی برای تقسیم ارث داشتیم.

We had a family meeting to divide the inheritance.

Context-specific vocabulary 'ers' (inheritance).

5

این خانه یک میراث خانواده‌گی است.

This house is a family heritage.

Noun 'mirās' (heritage).

6

او همیشه از حمایت خانواده‌گی برخوردار بوده است.

He has always enjoyed family support.

Formal verb 'barkhordār budan' (to enjoy/possess).

7

مشاوره خانواده‌گی می‌تواند به حل اختلافات کمک کند.

Family counseling can help resolve disputes.

Modal verb 'tavānestan' (can).

8

آن‌ها برای حفظ آبروی خانواده‌گی تلاش می‌کنند.

They strive to preserve the family honor.

Cultural concept 'ābrou' (honor/reputation).

1

ساختار خانواده‌گی در جوامع مدرن در حال تحول است.

The familial structure in modern societies is evolving.

Progressive tense 'dar hāl-e tahavvol ast'.

2

حقوق خانواده‌گی یکی از شاخه‌های مهم حقوق مدنی است.

Family law is one of the important branches of civil law.

Academic categorization.

3

او در یک محیط خانواده‌گی مذهبی بزرگ شده است.

He grew up in a religious family environment.

Multiple adjectives modifying 'mohit' (environment).

4

این بحران تأثیرات خانواده‌گی عمیقی بر جا گذاشت.

This crisis left deep familial impacts.

Idiomatic 'bar jā gozāshtan' (to leave behind).

5

خشونت خانواده‌گی یک معضل اجتماعی جدی است.

Domestic violence is a serious social problem.

Abstract noun 'mo'zal' (dilemma/problem).

6

پیوندهای خانواده‌گی فراتر از مرزهای جغرافیایی هستند.

Family bonds go beyond geographical borders.

Prepositional phrase 'farātar az'.

7

او شجره‌نامه خانواده‌گی خود را تا هفت نسل قبل پیدا کرد.

He traced his family tree back seven generations.

Specific term 'shajareh-nāmeh'.

8

مسئولیت‌های خانواده‌گی گاهی با اهداف شغلی در تضاد هستند.

Family responsibilities are sometimes in conflict with career goals.

Contrastive structure 'dar tazād budan'.

1

انسجام خانواده‌گی عامل اصلی ثبات در این منطقه است.

Familial cohesion is the main factor of stability in this region.

High-level vocabulary 'ensejām' (cohesion).

2

نویسنده در این کتاب به نقد سنت‌های خانواده‌گی می‌پردازد.

The author addresses the critique of family traditions in this book.

Formal verb 'pardākhtan be' (to address/engage in).

3

تعهدات خانواده‌گی نباید مانع رشد فردی شود.

Family obligations should not hinder individual growth.

Subjunctive mood 'shavad'.

4

او به بررسی تأثیرات روانی الگوهای خانواده‌گی پرداخت.

He examined the psychological effects of family patterns.

Noun 'olgu' (pattern).

5

در این مقاله، پویایی‌های خانواده‌گی مورد تحلیل قرار گرفته است.

In this article, family dynamics have been analyzed.

Passive voice 'mored-e tahlil gharār gereftan'.

6

او از یک پیشینه خانواده‌گی اشرافی برخوردار است.

He comes from an aristocratic family background.

Adjective 'ashrāfi' (aristocratic).

7

سیاست‌های دولت باید در جهت حمایت از نهاد خانواده‌گی باشد.

Government policies should be directed toward supporting the family institution.

Formal term 'nahād' (institution).

8

این تعارضات خانواده‌گی ریشه در تفاوت‌های فرهنگی دارد.

These family conflicts are rooted in cultural differences.

Plural 'ta'ārozāt' (conflicts).

1

واکاوی پیوندهای خانواده‌گی در ادبیات کلاسیک ایران ضروری است.

Analyzing familial bonds in classical Persian literature is essential.

Advanced noun 'vākāvi' (probing/analysis).

2

استیلای ارزش‌های خانواده‌گی بر منافع فردی در این جامعه مشهود است.

The dominance of family values over individual interests is evident in this society.

High-level 'estilā' (dominance).

3

او به تبیین نقش خانواده‌گی در شکل‌گیری هویت ملی پرداخت.

He explained the familial role in the formation of national identity.

Formal verb 'tabyin' (explanation/elucidation).

4

تزلزل در ارکان خانواده‌گی می‌تواند منجر به فروپاشی اجتماعی شود.

Instability in familial foundations can lead to social collapse.

Metaphorical 'arkān' (pillars/foundations).

5

این اثر هنری بازتابی از تروماهای خانواده‌گی نسل‌های گذشته است.

This artwork is a reflection of familial traumas of past generations.

Loanword 'trauma' used in academic Persian.

6

مداخله در حریم خانواده‌گی باید با ظرافت‌های قانونی همراه باشد.

Intervention in the familial sphere must be accompanied by legal nuances.

Complex noun 'zarāfat' (subtleties/nuances).

7

او نظریه‌ای نوین در باب تعاملات خانواده‌گی ارائه داد.

He presented a new theory regarding family interactions.

Prepositional 'dar bāb-e' (concerning).

8

پارادایم‌های خانواده‌گی در عصر دیجیتال به شدت تغییر کرده‌اند.

Familial paradigms have changed drastically in the digital age.

Academic 'paradigm'.

よく使う組み合わせ

نام خانوادگی
مشکلات خانوادگی
مهمانی خانوادگی
کسب‌وکار خانوادگی
روابط خانوادگی
ارزش‌های خانوادگی
سابقه خانوادگی
حقوق خانوادگی
شجره‌نامه خانوادگی
خشونت خانوادگی

よく使うフレーズ

نام و نام خانوادگی

— Full name (First and Last). Used on every official document.

لطفاً نام و نام خانوادگی خود را بنویسید.

محیط خانوادگی

— A family environment. Often used to describe restaurants or hotels.

اینجا محیط خانوادگی خوبی دارد.

دعوای خانوادگی

— A family feud or argument. Very common in drama.

ما درگیر یک دعوای خانوادگی هستیم.

سنت خانوادگی

— A practice passed down in a family.

این یک سنت خانوادگی قدیمی است.

شورای خانوادگی

— A family council/meeting to make decisions.

شورای خانوادگی تصمیم گرفت خانه را بفروشد.

وضعیت خانوادگی

— Family status (often referring to marital/dependents status).

وضعیت خانوادگی او در پرونده ثبت شده است.

بسته خانوادگی

— A family pack (for products or services).

این بستنی در بسته خانوادگی عرضه می‌شود.

حمایت خانوادگی

— Emotional or financial support from relatives.

حمایت خانوادگی برای موفقیت لازم است.

ریشه‌های خانوادگی

— Ancestry or origins of a family.

او به ریشه‌های خانوادگی خود افتخار می‌کند.

آبروی خانوادگی

— The collective reputation or honor of a family.

او نگران آبروی خانوادگی‌اش بود.

よく混同される語

خانواده‌گی vs خانواده

Noun vs Adjective. Use 'khānevāde' for the people, 'khānevādegi' for the description.

خانواده‌گی vs فامیلی

Fāmili is more informal and usually just means 'surname'. Khānevādegi is broader.

خانواده‌گی vs خانگی

Khānegi means 'home-made' or 'domestic' (like a pet), not 'familial'.

慣用句と表現

"در خانواده‌گی ما رسم است که..."

— It is a tradition in our family that... (Used to introduce customs).

در خانواده‌گی ما رسم است که شب یلدا دور هم جمع شویم.

Neutral
"نام خانوادگی‌اش را یدک می‌کشد"

— To carry the weight of a famous family name (often implying they don't live up to it).

او فقط نام خانوادگی پدرش را یدک می‌کشد.

Literary/Critical
"یک مسئله کاملاً خانوادگی"

— A strictly family matter (Mind your own business).

ببخشید، این یک مسئله کاملاً خانوادگی است.

Defensive/Private
"از خانواده‌گی در آمدن"

— To lose the 'family' feel or quality (Informal).

این رستوران دیگر از حالت خانواده‌گی در آمده است.

Informal
"بیماری خانوادگی"

— Something that 'runs in the family' (can be used metaphorically for traits).

لجبازی در ما یک بیماری خانوادگی است!

Humorous
"پای خانواده‌گی در میان بودن"

— To involve the whole family's interest or reputation.

وقتی پای خانواده‌گی در میان باشد، او کوتاه نمی‌آید.

Serious
"ارث خانوادگی"

— Not just money, but a physical or character trait inherited.

این چشم‌های آبی ارث خانوادگی ماست.

Neutral
"درخت خانوادگی"

— Literally family tree, but used to describe complex relations.

درخت خانوادگی ما خیلی شاخ و برگ دارد.

Informal
"حلقه خانوادگی"

— The inner circle of the family.

این خبر فقط در حلقه خانوادگی پخش شد.

Formal
"پیوند خانوادگی"

— The unbreakable bond between kin.

هیچ چیز نمی‌تواند پیوند خانوادگی ما را بگسلد.

Poetic

間違えやすい

خانواده‌گی vs خانواده

Root word.

Noun (Family) vs Adjective (Familial).

من خانواده‌ام را دوست دارم (Noun). نام خانوادگی من (Adjective).

خانواده‌گی vs فامیلی

Loanword synonym.

Fāmili is mostly for surnames; Khānevādegi is for everything familial.

فامیلی تو چیه؟ (Casual)

خانواده‌گی vs خویشاوندی

Formal synonym.

Khishāvandi is technical/legal; Khānevādegi is everyday.

رابطه خویشاوندی (Legal/Technical)

خانواده‌گی vs خانگی

Both from 'Khāne'.

Khānegi = of the house (objects); Khānevādegi = of the family (people).

غذای خانگی (Homemade food).

خانواده‌گی vs اجدادی

Related to family history.

Ajdādi is specifically 'ancestral' (from grandparents up).

زمین اجدادی (Ancestral land).

文型パターン

A1

نام خانوادگی من [Name] است.

نام خانوادگی من رضایی است.

A2

ما یک [Noun] خانواده‌گی داریم.

ما یک مهمانی خانواده‌گی داریم.

B1

او به دلیل [Noun] خانواده‌گی [Verb].

او به دلیل مشکلات خانواده‌گی نیامد.

B2

[Noun] خانواده‌گی در ایران [Adjective] است.

روابط خانواده‌گی در ایران بسیار قوی است.

C1

این [Noun] ریشه در [Noun] خانواده‌گی دارد.

این رفتار ریشه در سنت‌های خانواده‌گی دارد.

C2

واکاوی [Noun] خانواده‌گی نشان‌دهنده [Noun] است.

واکاوی پیوندهای خانواده‌گی نشان‌دهنده انسجام است.

B1

آیا شما سابقه [Noun] خانواده‌گی دارید؟

آیا شما سابقه بیماری خانواده‌گی دارید؟

A2

این یک [Noun] خانواده‌گی است.

این یک عکس خانواده‌گی است.

語族

名詞

خانواده (Family)
خانوار (Household)
خانمان (Home/Household)

動詞

خانواده تشکیل دادن (To start a family)

形容詞

خانواده‌گی (Familial)
بی‌خانواده (Without family/ill-bred)

関連

فامیل
بستگان
خویشاوند
ایل
طایفه
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使い方

frequency

Extremely high in daily life and administration.

よくある間違い
  • Using 'خانواده' instead of 'خانواده‌گی' as an adjective. → نام خانوادگی

    You need the adjective form to modify a noun.

  • Spelling without ZWNJ: خانوادهگی → خانواده‌گی

    The silent 'h' prevents joining with the suffix.

  • Using 'خانگی' for family matters. → خانواده‌گی

    'Khanegi' is for things (like food), 'Khānevādegi' is for people/relations.

  • Forgetting the Ezafe: نام خانواده‌گی → نامِ خانواده‌گی

    Without the 'e' sound, the words are just floating.

  • Using 'فامیلی' in a formal legal document. → خانواده‌گی

    'Fāmili' is too informal for official use.

ヒント

The Ezafe Rule

Always add the 'e' sound before 'khānevādegi' when it follows a noun. It's the glue of the phrase.

Family Honor

Remember that 'ābrou-ye khānevādegi' (family honor) is a major cultural concept in Iran.

Don't Forget the ZWNJ

Writing it as one joined word is a common spelling error. Keep the gap!

Formal Introductions

In interviews, always use 'نام خانوادگی' to sound professional.

Listen for the Rhythms

Persian is a rhythmic language; 'khā-ne-vā-de-gi' has a distinct 5-beat rhythm.

Broad Usage

Don't limit this word to just names. Use it for parties, problems, and businesses.

The 'Home-y' Suffix

Associate '-gi' with '-ly' or '-al' in English to remember it's an adjective.

Asking Names

If you forget someone's last name, ask: 'ببخشید، نام خانوادگی شما چه بود؟'

Form Identification

When you see 'نام خانوادگی' on a form, look for the box next to it.

Creative Writing

Use it to describe the 'atmosphere' of a scene: 'فضایی خانواده‌گی' (A familial atmosphere).

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of 'Khāne' (Home) + 'vade' (the people inside) + 'gi' (the description). It's the 'Home-group-y' word.

視覚的連想

Imagine a large Persian carpet where every thread is a family member, and the whole pattern is the 'Khānevādegi' identity.

Word Web

Home Surname Gathering Tradition Heritage Relations Bonds Privacy

チャレンジ

Try to find three items in your house that you would describe as 'khānevādegi' (e.g., a photo, a recipe, a surname).

語源

Derived from the noun 'Khānevāde' (خانواده). 'Khāne' means house, and 'vād' is an ancient suffix related to 'offspring' or 'group'.

元の意味： Belonging to the house or the household group.

Indo-European -> Indo-Iranian -> Persian.

文化的な背景

Be careful when asking about 'problems' (moshkelāt) because familial privacy is highly guarded in Iran.

In English, we often use 'family' as an adjective (Family car, Family name). In Persian, you MUST use the '-gi' form.

The film 'A Separation' (Jodaeiye Nader az Simin) is a classic 'Derām-e Khānevādegi'. Iranian Civil Code (Ghānun-e Madani) sections on family. The song 'Khānevādegi' by various pop artists.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Administrative Forms

  • نام خانوادگی
  • وضعیت خانوادگی
  • نام پدر
  • محل صدور

Social Events

  • مهمانی خانواده‌گی
  • دورهمی
  • شام خانواده‌گی
  • دعوت‌نامه

Medical History

  • سابقه خانوادگی
  • بیماری موروثی
  • ژنتیتک
  • سلامت

Business

  • کسب‌وکار خانوادگی
  • شراکت
  • ارثیه
  • سهام

Psychology/Counseling

  • مشاوره خانواده‌گی
  • روابط
  • تعارض
  • انسجام

会話のきっかけ

"نام خانوادگی شما چه معنایی دارد؟ (What does your family name mean?)"

"آیا شما یک کسب‌وکار خانواده‌گی دارید؟ (Do you have a family business?)"

"مهم‌ترین سنت خانواده‌گی شما چیست؟ (What is your most important family tradition?)"

"آیا ترجیح می‌دهید در یک محیط خانواده‌گی زندگی کنید؟ (Do you prefer to live in a family environment?)"

"چگونه روابط خانواده‌گی را در دنیای مدرن حفظ می‌کنید؟ (How do you maintain family relations in the modern world?)"

日記のテーマ

درباره یکی از سنت‌های خانواده‌گی خود که خیلی دوست دارید بنویسید. (Write about a family tradition you love.)

آیا نام خانوادگی شما داستانی پشت خود دارد؟ آن را توضیح دهید. (Does your family name have a story? Explain it.)

تأثیر حمایت خانواده‌گی بر موفقیت‌های خود را تحلیل کنید. (Analyze the impact of family support on your successes.)

تفاوت روابط خانواده‌گی در کشور خودتان و ایران را مقایسه کنید. (Compare family relations in your country vs Iran.)

یک خاطره از یک مهمانی خانواده‌گی بزرگ بنویسید. (Write a memory of a large family party.)

よくある質問

10 問

Yes, 'نام خانوادگی' is the standard term, but in casual speech, people often just say 'فامیلی'.

'خانواده' is a noun meaning 'family'. 'خانواده‌گی' is an adjective meaning 'familial'. You use the adjective after a noun with an Ezafe.

Yes! 'ماشین خانواده‌گی' (māshin-e khānevādegi) means a family car or a minivan.

On most Persian keyboards, it is Shift+Space. It keeps the 'h' and 'g' from touching.

It is neutral to formal. It's the 'correct' word for all settings, while 'فامیلی' is more colloquial.

Yes, in phrases like 'بیماری خانواده‌گی' (family disease), it functions as 'hereditary'.

Usually, you'd say 'نام خانوادگی من'. Just 'خانواده‌گی من' is incomplete.

No, for pets you use 'خانگی' (khānegi). 'حیوان خانگی' means house pet.

Yes, 'خشونت خانواده‌گی' is used, though 'خشونت خانگی' is also very common.

Yes, 'دستور پخت خانواده‌گی' (family recipe) is a great usage.

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自分をテスト 190 問

writing

Write a sentence using 'نام خانوادگی'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Translate: 'We have a family party.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Describe your family business (or a hypothetical one).

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

What is an important family tradition in your country?

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Write a formal request for someone's last name.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Discuss the importance of family support.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Translate: 'Hereditary diseases are serious.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Write a short paragraph about Iranian family values.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Translate: 'This is a family secret.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

How do you say 'Family Tree' in Persian?

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Write a sentence about a family emergency.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Translate: 'Family honor is important.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Write a sentence using 'محیط خانوادگی'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Translate: 'They have strong family ties.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Write a sentence about a family pack of ice cream.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Translate: 'Family law is complex.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Write a sentence about a family council.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Translate: 'What is your family status?'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Write a sentence about a family photo.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Translate: 'Family problems are common.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
speaking

Say your full name in Persian.

Read this aloud:

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
speaking

Invite someone to a family party.

Read this aloud:

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
speaking

Ask someone about their family business.

Read this aloud:

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
speaking

Explain a simple family tradition.

Read this aloud:

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
speaking

Discuss your family history briefly.

Read this aloud:

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
speaking

Ask for a family pack at a store.

Read this aloud:

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
speaking

Talk about family support during a hard time.

Read this aloud:

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
speaking

Ask about someone's family status.

Read this aloud:

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
speaking

Describe a family photo.

Read this aloud:

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
speaking

Express concern about family honor.

Read this aloud:

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
speaking

Discuss the impact of family law.

Read this aloud:

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
speaking

Suggest family counseling.

Read this aloud:

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
speaking

Talk about a family secret (hypothetically).

Read this aloud:

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
speaking

Describe a family environment in a place.

Read this aloud:

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
speaking

Mention a family heritage item.

Read this aloud:

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
speaking

Ask about hereditary diseases.

Read this aloud:

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
speaking

Talk about family values.

Read this aloud:

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
speaking

Describe a family argument.

Read this aloud:

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
speaking

Mention a family tree.

Read this aloud:

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
speaking

Say 'It's a family matter'.

Read this aloud:

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
listening

Audio: 'Nām-e khānevādegi-ye man Rezāyi ast.' What is the last name?

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
正解！ おしい！ 正解:
listening

Audio: 'Mā emshab mehmāni-ye khānevādegi dārim.' When is the party?

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
正解！ おしい！ 正解:
listening

Audio: 'Moshkelāt-e khānevādegi-ye u hal shod.' What happened to the problems?

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
正解！ おしい！ 正解:
listening

Audio: 'In yek kasb-o-kār-e khānevādegi ast.' What kind of business is it?

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
正解！ おしい！ 正解:
listening

Audio: 'Āberu-ye khānevādegi barāye mā mohem ast.' What is important?

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
正解！ おしい！ 正解:
listening

Audio: 'Sābeqe-ye khānevādegi-ye bimāri-ye ghalbi dārad.' What disease is mentioned?

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
正解！ おしい！ 正解:
listening

Audio: 'Shajareh-nāmeh-ye khānevādegi-rā bebinid.' What should you look at?

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
正解！ おしい！ 正解:
listening

Audio: 'Vaz'iyat-e khānevādegi: Mota'ahhel.' What is the status?

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
正解！ おしい！ 正解:
listening

Audio: 'Baste-ye khānevādegi be-sarfe-tar ast.' Which pack is better?

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
正解！ おしい！ 正解:
listening

Audio: 'Hoghough-e khānevādegi pichideh ast.' What is complex?

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
正解！ おしい！ 正解:
listening

Audio: 'Mohit-e khānevādegi-ye in resturān khub ast.' How is the restaurant environment?

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
正解！ おしい！ 正解:
listening

Audio: 'Sonnathā-ye khānevādegi-rā hefz konid.' What should be preserved?

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
正解！ おしい！ 正解:
listening

Audio: 'Moshavere-ye khānevādegi lāzem dārand.' What do they need?

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
正解！ おしい！ 正解:
listening

Audio: 'Rāz-e khānevādegi-rā fāsh nakon.' What should not be revealed?

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
正解！ おしい！ 正解:
listening

Audio: 'Payvandhā-ye khānevādegi-ye mā mahkam ast.' How are the ties?

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
正解！ おしい！ 正解:

/ 190 correct

Perfect score!

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