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बहुत देर

A2 phrase #2,000 よく出る 18分で読める

बहुत देर

A long time; an extended period of time.

上位2,000

At the CEFR A1 level, learners are introduced to the absolute basics of Hindi vocabulary and sentence structure. The phrase 'बहुत देर' is broken down into its two simple components. 'बहुत' (bahut) is an essential word meaning 'very', 'much', or 'a lot'. It is one of the first modifiers a learner encounters. 'देर' (der) means 'late' or 'delay'. At this stage, the goal is simply recognition and basic reproduction. Learners are taught to understand the phrase when they hear it, usually in the context of someone apologizing or stating a fact about time. The grammatical complexities of gender agreement and dative subjects are generally minimized at this level to avoid overwhelming the student. Instead, the focus is on fixed, highly useful phrases. For example, a learner might memorize 'बहुत देर है' (It is very late) as a set chunk of vocabulary, even if it is slightly less natural than the advanced dative construction. They learn to use it as a simple descriptor of a situation. The primary objective is functional communication: being able to express that an action is taking too much time or that the current hour is late. Teachers at this level will often use visual aids, like a clock showing midnight, or act out waiting impatiently, to solidify the connection between the phrase and the concept of extended time. Pronunciation practice focuses on the aspirated 'b' in 'bahut' and the soft dental 'd' in 'der'. By mastering this phrase at the A1 level, learners gain a crucial tool for navigating basic daily interactions, such as understanding when a shop is closed because it is 'bahut der', or grasping why a friend is rushing. It lays the groundwork for more complex temporal expressions that will be introduced in subsequent levels.

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At the CEFR A2 level, the understanding of 'बहुत देर' deepens significantly, moving from simple recognition to active, grammatically correct usage in everyday situations. This is the level where the phrase truly becomes a workhorse in the learner's vocabulary. The critical grammatical concept introduced here is the dative subject construction. Learners are taught that in Hindi, one does not say 'I am late' (मैं लेट हूँ - though understood, it's an English calque). Instead, they must learn the structure 'मुझे बहुत देर हो गई' (To me, much lateness happened). This requires mastering the postposition 'को' (ko) and its pronoun mergers (मुझे, उसे, हमें). Furthermore, the crucial rule of gender agreement is enforced: because 'देर' is a feminine noun, the verb 'होना' must conjugate to the feminine form 'हो गई' or 'हो रही है'. This is a major hurdle for A2 learners, but essential for sounding natural. Additionally, learners practice using the phrase with the postposition 'से' (se) to express duration: 'मैं बहुत देर से इंतज़ार कर रहा हूँ' (I have been waiting for a long time). This introduces the concept of actions starting in the past and continuing into the present. The contexts for practice expand to include common daily frustrations: waiting for public transport, apologizing for arriving late to a meeting or class, and describing how long a task took. Role-playing exercises are heavily utilized, such as simulating a phone call to a friend explaining why you are delayed. By the end of the A2 level, a learner should be comfortable not only understanding 'बहुत देर' in varied contexts but also constructing accurate sentences using it to describe their own experiences of time and delay, navigating the feminine verb agreement with increasing confidence.

At the CEFR B1 level, learners are expected to handle more complex sentence structures and express nuanced thoughts regarding time and delay using 'बहुत देर'. The focus shifts from basic statements to integrating the phrase into compound and complex sentences. Learners practice using conjunctions like 'इसलिए' (isliye - therefore) and 'क्योंकि' (kyonki - because) to explain the reasons for and consequences of a delay. For example: 'बारिश हो रही थी, इसलिए मुझे पहुँचने में बहुत देर हो गई' (It was raining, therefore I became very late in arriving). The usage of 'देर करना' (to cause a delay/to take a long time) is refined, specifically the structure '[Verb infinitive + में] + बहुत देर करना', as in 'उसने फैसला करने में बहुत देर कर दी' (He took a long time to make a decision). This demonstrates an ability to discuss not just physical lateness, but delays in abstract actions and cognitive processes. Furthermore, B1 learners explore the emotional undertones of the phrase. They learn to use intonation to convey impatience, exhaustion, or sincere apology. The phrase is also practiced in narrative contexts, allowing learners to tell stories about past events where time played a critical role. They might recount a difficult journey or a stressful situation where 'बहुत देर' was a key factor. Listening comprehension exercises at this level involve natural, moderately paced speech where 'बहुत देर' might be embedded in longer, faster sentences, requiring the learner to pick it out and understand its function within the broader context. By mastering these applications, B1 learners transition from simply reporting time to actively using the concept of delay to build richer, more detailed narratives and explanations in Hindi.

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At the CEFR B2 level, the usage of 'बहुत देर' becomes highly fluid, idiomatic, and contextually sophisticated. Learners at this stage are not just communicating facts; they are expressing attitudes, opinions, and complex emotional states related to time. The phrase is used to articulate frustration, regret, and critical observations. A key development at this level is the use of 'बहुत देर' in hypothetical or conditional sentences. For instance: 'अगर तुम अभी नहीं निकले, तो बहुत देर हो जाएगी' (If you don't leave now, it will be very late). They also master the use of the phrase to express missed opportunities or the concept of 'too late', often using the perfective aspect: 'अब बहुत देर हो चुकी है' (It is already too late now). This implies a point of no return, a concept frequently found in literature, news commentary, and serious discussions. B2 learners also begin to differentiate 'बहुत देर' from its more formal or literary synonyms, such as 'विलंब' (vilamb) or 'काफ़ी समय' (kaafi samay), understanding when to switch registers based on the audience. They can comfortably navigate conversations where time is a subjective experience rather than an objective measurement. In speaking and writing, they use the phrase to add dramatic effect or emphasis to their arguments. For example, in a debate about environmental policy, a B2 learner might argue that 'सरकार ने कदम उठाने में बहुत देर कर दी है' (The government has delayed too much in taking steps). This demonstrates an ability to apply everyday vocabulary to abstract, high-level topics. The mastery of 'बहुत देर' at the B2 level reflects a deep internalization of Hindi syntax and a nuanced understanding of how time is culturally expressed and negotiated.

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At the CEFR C1 level, learners possess an advanced, near-native command of 'बहुत देर', employing it with subtle stylistic variations and a deep awareness of its pragmatic functions. At this stage, the phrase is often used rhetorically or idiomatically. C1 users understand how to manipulate the phrase for emphasis, sarcasm, or poetic effect. They are comfortable with literary constructions and can seamlessly integrate the phrase into complex, multi-clause sentences without losing grammatical precision. For example, they might use it in a sophisticated critique: 'यह विडंबना ही है कि न्याय मिलने में इतनी बहुत देर हो जाती है कि वह अन्याय के समान लगने लगता है' (It is an irony that there is so much delay in getting justice that it begins to feel like injustice). Here, the phrase is part of a broader philosophical observation. Furthermore, C1 learners are adept at using variations and related idioms, such as 'देर आए दुरुस्त आए' (Better late than never), understanding the cultural weight these idioms carry. They can comprehend and produce texts where 'बहुत देर' is used to build tension in a narrative or to underscore the tragic flaw of a character who acts too late. In spoken Hindi, they use intonation perfectly to distinguish between a casual observation of time and a profound expression of regret. They also understand the regional and social variations in how the phrase is pronounced and used across different Hindi-speaking demographics. At the C1 level, 'बहुत देर' is no longer just a vocabulary item to be learned; it is a versatile linguistic tool used to express complex abstract thought, engage in high-level discourse, and appreciate the subtleties of Hindi literature and media.

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At the CEFR C2 level, the mastery of 'बहुत देर' is absolute, reflecting a profound, intuitive, and culturally embedded understanding of the language. A C2 user does not merely use the phrase correctly; they play with it, subvert it, and utilize it to express the deepest nuances of the human experience as framed by Hindi culture. At this pinnacle of proficiency, the phrase is often engaged in philosophical, existential, or highly poetic contexts. The C2 speaker understands the profound weight of 'देर' in South Asian poetry (Shayari) and literature, where the delay of a lover, the delay of divine intervention, or the delay of realization are central themes. They can effortlessly craft or deconstruct sentences like: 'ज़िंदगी के मायने समझने में अक्सर बहुत देर हो जाती है, और जब समझ आता है, तब तक वक़्त रेत की तरह मुट्ठी से फिसल चुका होता है' (It often takes a long time/is too late to understand the meaning of life, and by the time it is understood, time has slipped from the fist like sand). The C2 user navigates the absolute subtleties of register, knowing exactly when to use 'बहुत देर', when to elevate to 'अत्यधिक विलंब' (excessive delay) for formal academic writing, and when to use a colloquial, regional variant for authentic character voice in creative writing. They understand the sociolinguistic implications of time and delay in Indian society—how power dynamics dictate who is allowed to be 'बहुत देर' and who must wait. The phrase becomes a lens through which they can analyze cultural behaviors, critique societal norms, and engage in the highest levels of intellectual and artistic expression in Hindi. Their usage is indistinguishable from that of a highly educated, articulate native speaker.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

बहुत देर 30秒で

Means very late.
Means a long time.
Der is feminine.
Use dative subject.

The Hindi phrase बहुत देर (bahut der) is a fundamental expression used to articulate the concept of an extended period of time, a significant delay, or the state of being very late. To truly grasp its meaning, one must dissect its components and understand how time is culturally and linguistically framed in the Hindi-speaking world. The word 'बहुत' (bahut) acts as an intensifier, translating directly to 'very', 'much', 'a lot', or 'many'. It is an incredibly versatile adjective and adverb used across countless contexts to amplify the noun or adjective it precedes. The word 'देर' (der), which is a feminine noun in Hindi, translates to 'delay', 'lateness', or 'a period of time'. When combined, the phrase transcends its literal translation of 'much delay' to seamlessly function as both 'a long time' and 'very late', depending entirely on the verbs and postpositions that accompany it. This dual functionality makes it a cornerstone of everyday Hindi communication, essential for learners aiming for fluency at the CEFR A2 level and beyond.

Literal Breakdown: बहुत (bahut) = much/very/a lot. देर (der) = delay/lateness/time. Together: Much delay or a lot of time.

माफ़ करना, मुझे आने में बहुत देर हो गई।

Sorry, I became very late in arriving.

Understanding the semantic range of this phrase requires looking at its two primary applications. The first application is expressing that an action took an excessive amount of time. For instance, if you are waiting for a friend at a cafe and they finally arrive after an hour, you would express your frustration or observation by stating that they took a long time. The second application is expressing the state of being late. In English, 'late' is an adjective describing the person (e.g., 'I am late'). In Hindi, lateness is treated as a condition that happens to a person. You do not say 'I am late' using a direct translation; instead, you say 'Lateness has happened to me' (मुझे देर हो गई). Adding 'बहुत' simply intensifies this condition to 'A lot of lateness has happened to me'.

Semantic Range 1: Duration: Used with the postposition 'से' (se - since/for) to indicate an action has been ongoing for a long time. Example: बहुत देर से (for a long time).

मैं यहाँ बहुत देर से बैठा हूँ।

I have been sitting here for a long time.

The cultural perception of time in South Asia also plays a role in how this phrase is deployed. Time is often viewed more fluidly than in strict monochronic cultures. Therefore, what constitutes 'बहुत देर' can be highly subjective and context-dependent. Waiting ten minutes for a scheduled business meeting might be considered 'बहुत देर', whereas waiting an hour for a delayed train might just be considered standard 'देर' without the intensifier, given the expectations. Furthermore, the phrase carries emotional weight. It can convey impatience, exhaustion, apology, or even relief depending on the intonation. When a mother scolds a child for returning home after dark, the phrase is laden with worry and authority. When a lover complains about waiting, it carries affection and longing. This emotional flexibility is what makes mastering this simple A2 level phrase so rewarding for learners.

Semantic Range 2: Tardiness: Used with the verb 'होना' (hona - to be/happen) to indicate that someone is very late or an event is delayed.

ट्रेन बहुत देर से चल रही है।

The train is running very late.

अब बहुत देर हो चुकी है, हमें जाना चाहिए।

It is already very late now, we should go.

In literature and poetry, 'बहुत देर' is frequently used to symbolize missed opportunities or the tragic passage of time. A common poetic trope involves realizing a truth or expressing love only when it is 'बहुत देर'—too late to make a difference. This elevates the phrase from a mere temporal marker to a profound existential concept. For a language learner, recognizing these layers transforms a basic vocabulary item into a window into the culture's soul. You are not just learning how to say you missed the bus; you are learning the vocabulary of patience, apology, and temporal philosophy in Hindi. The repetition of practicing this phrase in various grammatical structures—past, present, and future tenses—will solidify your grasp of Hindi sentence construction, particularly the dative subject construction (मुझे + noun + verb) which is notoriously tricky for English speakers. By mastering 'बहुत देर', you unlock a pattern that applies to dozens of other essential Hindi expressions regarding feelings, conditions, and states of being.

उसने समझने में बहुत देर कर दी।

He took a long time to understand (or: He delayed too much in understanding).

Using बहुत देर correctly in Hindi requires a solid understanding of Hindi sentence structure, specifically the use of postpositions and the dative subject construction. Because 'देर' is a feminine noun, any verb that agrees with it must also be in the feminine form. This is a critical grammatical rule that learners often overlook, leading to sentences that sound unnatural to native speakers. The phrase is most commonly paired with the verbs 'होना' (to be/to happen) and 'करना' (to do). When paired with 'होना', it describes a state or a condition that has occurred, often outside the direct control of the subject. When paired with 'करना', it implies a deliberate action of delaying or taking a long time. Let us explore these constructions in detail to ensure you can deploy this phrase accurately across various contexts and tenses.

Construction 1: Dative Subject + होना: Structure: [Subject + को] + बहुत देर + हो गई/हो रही है/होगी। Used to say 'Someone is/was/will be late'.

राम को ऑफिस पहुँचने में बहुत देर हो गई।

Ram became very late in reaching the office.

In the dative construction, the logical subject (the person who is late) takes the postposition 'को' (ko). For pronouns, this merges into forms like मुझे (mujhe - to me), उसे (use - to him/her), हमें (hamein - to us), and आपको (aapko - to you). The grammatical subject of the sentence actually becomes 'बहुत देर', which is why the verb 'होना' conjugates to agree with the feminine singular noun 'देर'. Therefore, in the past perfective tense, it is always 'हो गई' (ho gayi) and never 'हो गया' (ho gaya). This is a non-negotiable rule of Hindi grammar. If you say 'मैं बहुत देर हो गया' (Main bahut der ho gaya), it is grammatically incorrect because it literally translates to 'I became a lot of delay', treating 'I' as the subject and using masculine conjugation. You must say 'मुझे बहुत देर हो गई' (Lateness happened to me).

Construction 2: Nominative Subject + करना: Structure: [Subject] + [Action + में] + बहुत देर + करता है/कर रहा है/की। Used to say 'Someone takes/took a long time to do something'.

तुम तैयार होने में बहुत देर करते हो।

You take a long time to get ready.

Another extremely common usage involves the postposition 'से' (se), meaning 'from' or 'since/for'. When you want to express that an action has been continuing for a long duration, you use 'बहुत देर से'. This is the equivalent of the English present perfect continuous tense (e.g., 'have been doing'). In Hindi, this is expressed using the present continuous tense combined with the time marker 'बहुत देर से'. For example, 'मैं बहुत देर से पढ़ रहा हूँ' translates to 'I have been studying for a long time'. Notice that the verb 'पढ़ रहा हूँ' is in the present continuous form, but the addition of 'बहुत देर से' shifts the temporal meaning to an action that started in the past and is still ongoing. This is a vital structure for conversational fluency.

Construction 3: Duration with 'से': Structure: [Subject] + बहुत देर से + [Verb in continuous tense]। Used to say 'Someone has been doing something for a long time'.

वह बहुत देर से रो रहा है।

He has been crying for a long time.

क्या तुम बहुत देर से मेरा इंतज़ार कर रहे हो?

Have you been waiting for me for a long time?

Finally, 'बहुत देर' can be used as a standalone exclamation or a short response. If someone asks why you didn't call them back, you might simply reply, 'बहुत देर हो गई थी' (It had gotten very late). Or, if you are rushing someone who is taking too long, you can say, 'जल्दी करो, बहुत देर हो रही है!' (Hurry up, it is getting very late!). Mastering these variations—the dative subject for being late, the active subject for causing delay, the continuous duration with 'से', and the limit with 'तक'—will give you complete command over this essential Hindi phrase. Practice these structures repeatedly, as they form the blueprint for many other time-related expressions in the language. The key is to stop translating directly from English and start thinking in the Hindi framework of states and conditions.

पार्टी में बहुत देर तक संगीत बजता रहा।

The music kept playing until very late at the party.

The phrase बहुत देर is ubiquitous in the Hindi-speaking world, echoing through bustling railway stations, quiet homes, corporate offices, and vibrant street markets. Its frequency is a testament to its utility in managing the daily flow of life, where time is a constant subject of negotiation, apology, and observation. One of the most iconic places you will hear this phrase is within the context of Indian public transportation. The Indian Railways, a massive network connecting the subcontinent, is infamous for its occasional delays. Consequently, announcements and conversations on railway platforms are heavily peppered with this phrase. Passengers will frequently ask each other or the station master about the status of a train, using this exact vocabulary to express their waiting time or the train's tardiness.

Context 1: Transportation and Travel: Used constantly to discuss delayed flights, buses, and trains, or the duration of a journey.

यात्रीगण कृपया ध्यान दें, गाड़ी बहुत देर से चल रही है।

Passengers please pay attention, the train is running very late.

Beyond the public sphere, the phrase is a staple of domestic life and familial interactions. In Indian households, punctuality and curfews, especially for younger family members, are common points of discussion. Parents will frequently use 'बहुत देर' when scolding children for coming home past an acceptable hour or for spending too much time on leisure activities instead of studying. It serves as a gentle (or sometimes stern) reprimand. Similarly, in the kitchen, a cook might apologize that the food is taking 'बहुत देर' to prepare, or a family member might complain that they have been waiting 'बहुत देर से' for their meal. The phrase effortlessly bridges the gap between expressing a factual duration and conveying an emotional state of impatience or concern.

Context 2: Domestic Life and Scolding: Used by parents, spouses, and family members to express concern or anger over tardiness or excessive time spent on an activity.

कहाँ थे तुम? रात की बहुत देर हो गई है!

Where were you? It has become very late in the night!

Bollywood cinema and Hindi music are also rich repositories of this phrase. In romantic narratives, the concept of waiting for a beloved is a classic trope. Songs and dialogues frequently employ 'बहुत देर' to heighten the drama of separation and longing. A hero might dramatically declare that he has been waiting 'बहुत देर से' for a glimpse of the heroine, or a tragic character might lament that help arrived, but it was 'बहुत देर' (too late). This dramatic usage highlights the phrase's capacity to carry profound emotional weight. It is not just about the ticking of a clock; it is about the psychological experience of time passing slowly when one is in distress or in love. For learners, watching Hindi movies is an excellent way to absorb the varied intonations and contexts in which this phrase is naturally deployed.

Context 3: Romance and Drama: Used in movies and songs to express the agony of waiting, missed chances, or the tragic realization that time has run out.

तुमने आने में बहुत देर कर दी, मेहरबाँ।

You took a long time to come, my gracious one. (A classic poetic/filmi line).

डॉक्टर साहब, क्या अब बहुत देर हो चुकी है?

Doctor, is it too late now?

Finally, you will hear it in casual social gatherings. When friends meet after a long time, or when a party is winding down, the phrase naturally surfaces. 'बहुत देर हो गई, अब चलते हैं' (It's gotten very late, let's go now) is the universal signal that a social event has concluded. It is a polite and universally understood way to initiate a departure without causing offense. Recognizing these diverse contexts—from the utilitarian announcements of a train station to the emotional peaks of a Bollywood climax—demonstrates that 'बहुत देर' is not just vocabulary; it is a cultural artifact reflecting how Hindi speakers navigate the passage of time in their daily lives. Immersing yourself in these contexts will rapidly accelerate your intuitive grasp of the phrase.

चलो घर चलें, बच्चों को बहुत देर हो रही है।

Let's go home, it is getting very late for the kids.

While बहुत देर is a high-frequency phrase, it is also a minefield for common grammatical errors, particularly for native English speakers. The root of most mistakes lies in the fundamental differences between how English and Hindi structure sentences related to time and states of being. The most prevalent and glaring error is the failure to recognize the gender of the word 'देर'. In Hindi, every noun has a gender, and 'देर' is strictly feminine. This means that any verb, adjective, or postposition that modifies or agrees with 'देर' must also be in its feminine form. English speakers, accustomed to gender-neutral nouns, frequently default to the masculine conjugation 'गया' (gaya) or 'हुआ' (hua) when speaking quickly. Saying 'बहुत देर हो गया' instead of 'बहुत देर हो गई' instantly marks the speaker as a novice and sounds jarring to a native ear.

Mistake 1: Incorrect Gender Agreement: Treating 'देर' as masculine. Incorrect: बहुत देर हो गया (bahut der ho gaya). Correct: बहुत देर हो गई (bahut der ho gayi).

❌ मुझे बहुत देर हो गया।
✅ मुझे बहुत देर हो गई।

I became very late.

Another major stumbling block is the direct translation of the English phrase 'I am late'. In English, 'late' is an adjective describing the subject 'I'. If a learner tries to translate this literally into Hindi, they might say 'मैं बहुत देर हूँ' (Main bahut der hoon). This is completely nonsensical in Hindi; it translates to 'I am a lot of delay'. Hindi requires the dative subject construction for this concept. You must use the postposition 'को' (ko) with the subject, transforming 'I' (मैं) into 'To me' (मुझे). The sentence structure shifts to 'To me, a lot of delay has happened' (मुझे बहुत देर हो गई). Breaking the habit of direct translation is crucial for mastering this phrase and sounding natural.

Mistake 2: Direct Translation of 'I am late': Using the nominative subject instead of the dative. Incorrect: मैं बहुत देर हूँ। Correct: मुझे बहुत देर हो गई है।

❌ वह बहुत देर है।
✅ उसे बहुत देर हो गई है।

He/She is very late.

Learners also frequently confuse 'बहुत देर' with 'लंबा समय' (lamba samay), which literally translates to 'long time'. While they can sometimes be interchangeable, they have distinct nuances. 'लंबा समय' is a more formal, objective measurement of time, often used for historical periods, long-term projects, or significant life phases (e.g., 'I lived there for a long time' - मैं वहाँ लंबे समय तक रहा). 'बहुत देर', on the other hand, is subjective, conversational, and often implies a delay, waiting, or an action taking longer than expected or desired. Using 'लंबा समय' when you mean you waited for a friend at a cafe sounds overly formal and slightly unnatural. Conversely, using 'बहुत देर' to describe the duration of the Roman Empire would be entirely inappropriate. Understanding the register and context of these two phrases is key to advanced proficiency.

Mistake 3: Confusing with 'लंबा समय': Using formal time measurements for casual delays. 'बहुत देर' implies delay or waiting; 'लंबा समय' implies a factual long duration.

❌ मैंने बस का लंबा समय से इंतज़ार किया।
✅ मैंने बस का बहुत देर से इंतज़ार किया।

I waited for the bus for a long time.

❌ मैं तुम्हें बहुत देर से जानता हूँ। (Less natural for years of knowing someone)
✅ मैं तुम्हें लंबे समय से जानता हूँ।

I have known you for a long time.

A final, subtle mistake involves the incorrect use of postpositions with 'देर करना' (to cause a delay). When saying 'You took a long time to come', learners might say 'तुमने आने को बहुत देर की'. The correct postposition here is 'में' (in). The accurate sentence is 'तुमने आने में बहुत देर की' (You made a lot of delay IN coming). This structure—[Verb infinitive + में] + बहुत देर करना—is a fixed pattern. Memorizing these specific verb-postposition pairings will drastically reduce your error rate and make your spoken Hindi flow much more smoothly. Consistent practice and attentive listening to native speakers are the best remedies for these common pitfalls.

❌ उसने काम खत्म करने को बहुत देर कर दी।
✅ उसने काम खत्म करने में बहुत देर कर दी।

He took a long time to finish the work.

Expanding your vocabulary beyond बहुत देर is essential for expressing nuances of time, delay, and duration in Hindi. While 'बहुत देर' is the most common and versatile phrase for everyday conversation, Hindi offers a rich tapestry of synonyms and related terms that carry slightly different connotations, registers, and emotional weights. Understanding these alternatives allows you to tailor your speech to the specific context, whether you are writing a formal email, reading literature, or engaging in a casual chat. One of the most immediate synonyms is 'काफ़ी समय' (kaafi samay). 'काफ़ी' means 'quite a lot' or 'enough', and 'समय' is the standard masculine noun for 'time'. 'काफ़ी समय' translates to 'quite some time' or 'a considerable amount of time'. It is slightly more formal and objective than 'बहुत देर' and lacks the inherent implication of 'lateness' or 'delay'. It simply states a fact about duration.

Synonym 1: काफ़ी समय (Kaafi Samay): Meaning: Quite some time / A considerable amount of time. Usage: More objective, less focused on delay. Note that 'समय' is masculine.

इस प्रोजेक्ट में काफ़ी समय लगेगा।

This project will take quite some time.

For formal, official, or academic contexts, the word 'विलंब' (vilamb) is the appropriate choice. Derived from Sanskrit, 'विलंब' specifically means 'delay' or 'procrastination'. You will rarely hear this in casual street conversation, but it is standard in news broadcasts, official government announcements, railway notices, and formal writing. When a train is delayed, the official announcement might say 'ट्रेन विलंब से चल रही है' (The train is running with delay), whereas a passenger on the platform would say 'ट्रेन बहुत देर से आ रही है'. Using 'विलंब' in everyday speech sounds overly pedantic, but recognizing it is crucial for navigating formal environments in India.

Synonym 2: विलंब (Vilamb): Meaning: Delay. Usage: Highly formal, official announcements, Sanskritized Hindi. Masculine noun.

कार्य में विलंब के लिए खेद है।

We regret the delay in the work. (Standard formal apology).

Another poetic and evocative synonym is 'लंबा अरसा' (lamba arsa) or 'एक अरसा' (ek arsa). 'अरसा' is an Urdu-derived word meaning a period, duration, or era. When you say 'एक अरसा हो गया' (It has been an era), you are dramatically emphasizing that a very long time has passed, usually in the context of not seeing someone or not doing something. It carries a strong sense of nostalgia and emotional weight. It is the perfect phrase for a reunion with an old friend. While 'बहुत देर' might be used for waiting a few hours, 'लंबा अरसा' is reserved for months or years. It adds a beautiful, literary flair to your spoken Hindi.

Synonym 3: लंबा अरसा (Lamba Arsa): Meaning: A long period / An era. Usage: Poetic, nostalgic, used for long gaps of time (months/years). Masculine noun.

आपसे मिले हुए एक लंबा अरसा बीत गया।

A long period has passed since I met you.

वह लंबे अरसे बाद विदेश से लौटा है।

He has returned from abroad after a long time.

Lastly, the word 'देरी' (deri) is a direct derivative of 'देर' and is often used interchangeably in casual speech. 'देरी' specifically emphasizes the *act* of delaying or the state of being delayed. You might hear 'इतनी देरी क्यों हुई?' (Why was there so much delay?). While 'बहुत देर' is the standard phrase, 'देरी' functions more strictly as a noun representing the delay itself. By mastering these variations—the objective 'काफ़ी समय', the formal 'विलंब', the nostalgic 'लंबा अरसा', and the direct 'देरी'—you elevate your Hindi from basic communication to nuanced, context-aware fluency. You will be able to express not just the fact that time has passed, but exactly how that passage of time feels and what it signifies in any given situation.

काम में देरी मत करो।

Do not make a delay in the work.

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レベル別の例文

यह बहुत देर है।

It is very late.

Basic linking verb usage. 'Hai' means 'is'.

बहुत देर मत करो।

Do not make a lot of delay (Don't be late).

Imperative form using 'mat' (do not) and 'karo' (do).

क्या बहुत देर है?

Is it very late?

Yes/No question formed by adding 'kya' at the beginning.

हाँ, बहुत देर है।

Yes, it is very late.

Simple affirmative response.

ट्रेन बहुत देर है।

The train is very late. (Simplified A1 structure)

Simplified sentence structure for beginners.

मुझे बहुत देर है।

I am very late. (Simplified/Colloquial A1)

A1 simplification of the dative structure.

आज बहुत देर है।

Today is very late.

Using time marker 'aaj' (today).

वह बहुत देर है।

He/She is very late. (Simplified A1)

Basic pronoun usage.

मुझे बहुत देर हो गई।

I became very late.

Dative subject 'mujhe' with feminine perfective verb 'ho gayi'.

मैं बहुत देर से पढ़ रहा हूँ।

I have been studying for a long time.

Present continuous tense with 'se' for duration.

तुमने आने में बहुत देर कर दी।

You took a long time to come.

Use of 'ne' with transitive verb 'kar di' in past tense.

क्या आपको बहुत देर हो रही है?

Are you getting very late?

Formal dative 'aapko' with present continuous 'ho rahi hai'.

खाना बनने में बहुत देर लगेगी।

It will take a long time for the food to be made.

Future tense 'lagegi' agreeing with feminine 'der'.

वह बहुत देर तक सोता रहा।

He kept sleeping until very late.

Use of 'tak' (until) for a limit of time.

माफ़ कीजिए, मुझे बहुत देर हो गई।

Excuse me, I am very late.

Polite apology combined with the phrase.

बस बहुत देर से आ रही है।

The bus is coming very late.

Present continuous describing a delayed event.

बारिश की वजह से मुझे बहुत देर हो गई।

Because of the rain, I became very late.

Using 'ki vajah se' (because of) to explain the delay.

मैं बहुत देर से आपका इंतज़ार कर रहा था।

I had been waiting for you for a long time.

Past continuous tense with 'se' indicating past duration.

अगर तुम जल्दी नहीं करोगे, तो बहुत देर हो जाएगी।

If you don't hurry, it will become very late.

Conditional sentence (agar... to) with future tense.

उसने जवाब देने में बहुत देर कर दी।

He/She took a long time in giving an answer.

Infinitive verb + 'mein' construction.

जब तक पुलिस पहुँची, बहुत देर हो चुकी थी।

By the time the police arrived, it was already very late.

Past perfect tense 'ho chuki thi' indicating 'too late'.

मुझे समझ नहीं आ रहा कि इतनी बहुत देर क्यों हो रही है।

I don't understand why it is getting so very late.

Complex sentence with a subordinate clause.

वह बहुत देर तक मुझसे बात करती रही।

She kept talking to me for a long time.

Continuous aspect using 'rahi' (kept doing).

क्या हम बहुत देर से चल रहे हैं?

Are we running very late? (e.g., behind schedule)

Idiomatic use of 'chal rahe hain' (running/moving) for schedule.

हालाँकि मैं समय पर निकला था, फिर भी मुझे बहुत देर हो गई।

Even though I left on time, I still became very late.

Concessive clause using 'halanki' (although) and 'phir bhi' (still).

मुझे इस बात का एहसास होने में बहुत देर लग गई।

It took me a long time to realize this fact.

Abstract use of 'der lagna' (to take time) for a mental process.

अब पछताने से क्या फायदा, जब बहुत देर हो चुकी है।

What is the use of regretting now, when it is already too late.

Idiomatic expression of regret.

डॉक्टर ने कहा कि मरीज को लाने में बहुत देर कर दी गई है।

The doctor said that a lot of delay was made in bringing the patient.

Passive voice construction 'kar di gayi hai'.

मैं बहुत देर से यह समझने की कोशिश कर रहा हूँ कि समस्या कहाँ है।

I have been trying for a long time to understand where the problem is.

Complex sentence combining duration and a subordinate clause.

सरकार ने इस मुद्दे पर कदम उठाने में बहुत देर कर दी।

The government delayed a lot in taking steps on this issue.

Formal context using 'kadam uthana' (to take steps).

वह इतनी बहुत देर से आया कि सब लोग जा चुके थे।

He came so very late that everyone had already left.

Correlative conjunction 'itni... ki' (so... that).

मुझे डर है कि कहीं बहुत देर न हो जाए।

I fear lest it becomes too late.

Subjunctive mood with 'kahin... na' (lest/for fear that).

यह विडंबना है कि न्याय मिलने में इतनी बहुत देर हो जाती है कि वह अन्याय लगता है।

It is an irony that there is so much delay in getting justice that it feels like injustice.

High-level abstract discourse and philosophical observation.

उसने अपनी गलतियों को सुधारने में बहुत देर कर दी, और अब परिणाम भुगतने होंगे।

He delayed too much in rectifying his mistakes, and now he will have to suffer the consequences.

Complex narrative sentence with moral implications.

साहित्य में अक्सर यह दर्शाया जाता है कि प्रेम का इज़हार करने में बहुत देर हो जाना एक त्रासदी है।

In literature, it is often depicted that being too late in expressing love is a tragedy.

Academic/literary analysis context.

पर्यावरण संरक्षण के लिए ठोस कदम उठाने में हम पहले ही बहुत देर कर चुके हैं।

We have already delayed too much in taking solid steps for environmental protection.

Global/societal issue commentary.

उसकी चुप्पी इस बात का प्रमाण थी कि सुलह की गुंजाइश के लिए अब बहुत देर हो चुकी है।

His silence was proof of the fact that it is now too late for any scope of reconciliation.

Psychological observation and advanced vocabulary (gunjaish - scope).

तकनीक के इस युग में, किसी भी सूचना के पहुँचने में बहुत देर होना एक बड़ी विफलता मानी जाती है।

In this era of technology, a long delay in the arrival of any information is considered a major failure.

Formal analytical statement.

उन्होंने बहुत देर तक इस प्रस्ताव के हर पहलू पर गहन विचार-विमर्श किया।

They deliberated deeply on every aspect of this proposal for a very long time.

Formal vocabulary (gahan vichar-vimarsh - deep deliberation).

यह एहसास कि उसने अपना जीवन व्यर्थ कर दिया, उसे बहुत देर से हुआ।

The realization that he had wasted his life occurred to him very late.

Existential narrative structure.

ज़िंदगी के मायने समझने में अक्सर बहुत देर हो जाती है, और वक़्त रेत की तरह फिसल जाता है।

It often takes a long time to understand the meaning of life, and time slips away like sand.

Poetic, philosophical metaphor.

सत्ता के गलियारों में फैसले लेने में जो बहुत देर होती है, वह आम आदमी के लिए जानलेवा साबित होती है।

The long delay that occurs in making decisions in the corridors of power proves fatal for the common man.

Socio-political critique with advanced idiomatic phrasing.

उसकी आँखों में जो अफ़सोस था, वह बयां कर रहा था कि माफ़ी माँगने में बहुत देर हो चुकी थी।

The regret in his eyes was expressing that it was too late to ask for forgiveness.

Literary description of emotion.

इतिहास गवाह है कि जब भी क्रांति की पुकार को अनसुना किया गया, तो सुधार के लिए बहुत देर हो गई।

History is witness that whenever the call for revolution was ignored, it became too late for reform.

Historical and rhetorical discourse.

यह विमर्श कि 'क्या अब बहुत देर हो चुकी है?' मानव अस्तित्व के सबसे गहरे संकटों में से एक है।

The discourse of 'is it too late now?' is one of the deepest crises of human existence.

Existential philosophy context.

कलाकार ने अपनी कृति को पूर्णता देने के प्रयास में इतनी बहुत देर कर दी कि उसका मूल भाव ही नष्ट हो गया।

In the attempt to give perfection to his creation, the artist delayed so much that its original essence was destroyed.

Aesthetic and artistic critique.

रिश्तों की डोर जब एक बार कमज़ोर पड़ जाए, तो उसे फिर से मज़बूत करने में बहुत देर लग जाती है।

Once the thread of relationships becomes weak, it takes a very long time to make it strong again.

Metaphorical wisdom regarding human relations.

उनका यह दावा कि उन्होंने त्वरित कार्रवाई की, महज़ एक छलावा है; वास्तविकता यह है कि बहुत देर हो चुकी थी।

Their claim that they took swift action is merely an illusion; the reality is that it was too late.

Advanced argumentative and critical structure.

よく使う組み合わせ

बहुत देर हो गई

बहुत देर से

बहुत देर तक

बहुत देर करना

बहुत देर लगना

इतनी बहुत देर

बहुत देर बाद

बहुत देर पहले

समझने में बहुत देर

आने में बहुत देर

よく使うフレーズ

मुझे बहुत देर हो गई

तुमने बहुत देर कर दी

बहुत देर से इंतज़ार कर रहा हूँ

अब बहुत देर हो चुकी है

बहुत देर मत करना

इतनी बहुत देर क्यों हुई?

बहुत देर तक जागना

बहुत देर हो रही है

क्या बहुत देर हो गई?

बहुत देर बाद मिले

よく混同される語

बहुत देर vs लंबा समय (lamba samay)

बहुत देर vs देरी (deri)

बहुत देर vs काफ़ी वक़्त (kaafi waqt)

慣用句と表現

間違えやすい

बहुत देर vs

文型パターン

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使い方

context

Highly versatile. Can be used as an apology, a complaint, an observation, or a narrative device.

nuances

The addition of 'bahut' makes it stronger than just 'der'. 'Der ho gayi' = I am late. 'Bahut der ho gayi' = I am very late.

exceptions

When 'der' is used as an adjective in rare poetic contexts, rules might bend, but in standard Hindi, it is strictly a feminine noun.

よくある間違い

Saying 'Main bahut der hoon' instead of 'Mujhe bahut der ho gayi'.
Using the masculine verb 'ho gaya' instead of the feminine 'ho gayi'.
Confusing 'bahut der' with 'lamba samay' in formal contexts.
Using the postposition 'ko' instead of 'mein' when saying 'took a long time to do' (e.g., wrong: aane ko der ki; right: aane mein der ki).
Mispronouncing the 'd' in 'der' as a hard English 'd'.

ヒント

Feminine Verb Agreement

Always pair 'bahut der' with feminine verb endings. It is 'ho gayi', never 'ho gaya'. Drill this into your memory to sound natural.

Dative Subject is Key

Stop translating 'I am late'. Start thinking 'Lateness happened to me'. Use 'Mujhe' (to me), 'Use' (to him/her), 'Hamein' (to us).

Duration vs Lateness

Use 'bahut der se' for 'for a long time' (duration). Use 'bahut der ho gayi' for 'became very late' (tardiness).

Soft Dental 'D'

The 'd' in 'der' is not the hard English 'd'. Put your tongue against your upper teeth to make a soft, dental sound.

Formal Alternative

Learn the word 'vilamb' for formal situations. It will make your professional Hindi sound much more polished.

Use Emotion

Hindi is an expressive language. When you say 'bahut der', stretch the word 'bahut' to show exactly how frustrated or tired you are.

Postposition 'Mein'

When saying 'took a long time IN doing something', use the infinitive verb + 'mein'. Example: 'Aane mein bahut der ki'.

Learn the Idiom

Memorize 'Der aaye durust aaye' (Better late than never). Native speakers love it when learners use appropriate idioms.

Listen for 'Se' and 'Tak'

Pay close attention to the postposition following 'der'. 'Se' means 'since/for', while 'tak' means 'until'. They change the meaning entirely.

Spelling Accuracy

Ensure you spell 'bahut' correctly (बहुत) with the small 'u' matra under the 'h', not a large 'U' matra.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of a 'boat' (bahut) that is 'there' (der) but takes a LONG TIME to reach you. The boat is very late!

語源

Persian/Indo-Aryan

文化的な背景

Do not use 'bahut der' casually in strict professional or military settings where punctuality is absolute; use formal apologies instead.

When apologizing for being late, saying 'Maaf kijiye, mujhe bahut der ho gayi' is standard and polite.

In some rural dialects, 'bahut' might be pronounced 'bhot' or 'bhut'.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

会話のきっかけ

"माफ़ करना, मुझे आने में बहुत देर हो गई। (Sorry, I got very late in coming.)"

"क्या तुम बहुत देर से इंतज़ार कर रहे हो? (Have you been waiting for a long time?)"

"आज ऑफिस में बहुत देर हो गई। (Got very late at the office today.)"

"खाना आने में इतनी बहुत देर क्यों लग रही है? (Why is it taking so long for the food to arrive?)"

"चलो चलें, बहुत देर हो रही है। (Let's go, it's getting very late.)"

日記のテーマ

Write about a time you were 'bahut der' for an important event.

Describe a situation where you had to wait 'bahut der se' for someone.

How does the concept of 'bahut der' differ in your culture compared to India?

Write a dialogue between a parent and a teenager who came home 'bahut der' at night.

Explain a process that takes 'bahut der' to complete.

よくある質問

10 問

In Hindi, lateness is not an adjective that describes a person's state of being. It is a condition (a noun) that happens to a person. Therefore, you must use the dative construction 'Mujhe bahut der ho gayi' (To me, much lateness happened). Saying 'Main bahut der hoon' literally translates to 'I am a lot of delay', which makes no sense.

The word 'der' is strictly a feminine noun in Hindi. This is a crucial rule. Because it is feminine, any verb that agrees with it must also be in the feminine form, such as 'ho gayi' (happened), 'lagti hai' (takes), or 'ho rahi hai' (is happening).

'Bahut der' usually implies a delay, a sense of waiting, or that something took longer than expected. It is conversational and subjective. 'Lamba samay' translates to 'a long time' and is a more objective, formal measurement of duration, often used for historical periods or long-term situations without the negative connotation of a delay.

You use the postposition 'se' (since/for) with 'bahut der' and the present continuous tense. The correct sentence is: 'Main bahut der se intezaar kar raha hoon'. This structure indicates an action that started in the past and is still continuing.

While 'bahut der' is understood, it is somewhat informal. In a strict business or formal context, it is better to use the word 'vilamb' (delay). For example, instead of 'Jawab dene mein bahut der ho gayi', you might write 'Uttar dene mein hue vilamb ke liye khed hai' (Regret for the delay in replying).

The postposition 'tak' means 'until' or 'up to'. So, 'bahut der tak' means 'until very late' or 'for a very long duration'. For example, 'Wah bahut der tak padhta raha' means 'He kept studying until very late'.

'Bhot' is a very common colloquial and regional pronunciation of 'bahut'. In fast, everyday spoken Hindi, the 'h' and 'u' sounds are often compressed. It means exactly the same thing, but you should write it as 'bahut' in formal text.

You can use the imperative form with the verb 'karna' (to do). You say 'Bahut der mat karna' (Do not make a lot of delay). You can also simply say 'Der mat karna' (Don't be late).

This is a very famous Hindi/Urdu idiom that translates to 'Better late than never' (literally: Arrived late, arrived correct/sound). It is used when someone finally does the right thing or arrives, even if it took a long time.

Yes, absolutely. You just change the verb to the future tense. For example, 'Mujhe pahunchne mein bahut der hogi' (I will be very late in arriving) or 'Agar tum nahi aaye, to bahut der ho jayegi' (If you don't come, it will become very late).

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