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प्रकरण

B2 noun #6,000 よく出る 13分で読める

प्रकरण

prakaran 上位6,000

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解説 प्रकरण in your Level:

At the A1 level, 'प्रकरण' (Prakaraṇ) is a very advanced word that you likely won't need for daily survival. However, you can think of it as a fancy way to say 'topic' or 'lesson'. Imagine you are in a Hindi class and the teacher points to a specific part of the book; that specific part could be called a 'prakaraṇ'. At this stage, just remember that Hindi has different words for 'topic' depending on how formal you want to be. 'Viṣay' is the basic word you should learn first. 'Prakaraṇ' is like the 'big brother' of 'Viṣay'—it's used when things get serious or official. You might see it in the titles of chapters in your textbook. If you see it, just think: 'This is the specific thing we are learning about right now.' Don't worry about using it in your own sentences yet; just try to recognize it when you see it in a list of topics or a table of contents. It's a masculine word, so it behaves like 'ladka' (boy) or 'ghar' (house) in grammar. It doesn't change much in simple sentences. For example: 'Yeh prakaraṇ acchā hai' (This topic is good). Simple and clear!

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As an A2 learner, you are starting to see more formal Hindi in signs, basic news snippets, or educational materials. 'प्रकरण' (Prakaraṇ) starts to appear as a way to categorize information. You might notice it in a library or a bookstore, where books are divided by 'prakaraṇ' or specific subjects. In A2, you should start to distinguish it from 'baat' (talk/matter). While 'baat' is what you do with friends, 'prakaraṇ' is what you read in a book. You can use it to refer to a 'case' if you are talking about a story or a simple news event. 'Prakaraṇ kya hai?' (What is the case/topic?) is a useful question to ask when you are confused about the subject of a discussion. Remember that it is a masculine noun. If you want to say 'big topic', say 'baḍā prakaraṇ'. If you want to say 'my topic', say 'merā prakaraṇ'. Start noticing how it is used to group things together. It's a 'container' word for ideas. When a teacher says, 'Agla prakaraṇ...' (Next topic...), they are moving to the next section of the lesson. Learning this word helps you follow the structure of a formal conversation or a classroom setting.

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At the B1 level, you are moving into intermediate territory where you can discuss more complex ideas. 'प्रकरण' (Prakaraṇ) becomes a valuable tool for organizing your thoughts. Instead of just saying 'topic', using 'prakaraṇ' shows that you are talking about a 'specific instance' or a 'defined section'. You will encounter this word frequently if you read Hindi newspapers. It often appears in headlines about 'scandals' or 'legal matters'. For a B1 learner, the challenge is to use it in the right context. Don't use it for casual things like 'the topic of weather'. Use it for 'the topic of climate change' in an essay. You should also start using it with postpositions. For example, 'Is prakaraṇ par meri rāy...' (My opinion on this matter...). Notice the difference between 'prakaraṇ' (the matter) and 'prasaṅg' (the context). At B1, you should be able to understand a short paragraph about a 'prakaraṇ' in a news report. You are also expected to know that it is a formal word. If you use it in a speech or a presentation, it makes you sound more educated and precise. It's a great word for 'bridging' different parts of a talk: 'Ab hum dūsre prakaraṇ ki aur baḍhte hain' (Now we move towards the next topic).

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B2 is the 'sweet spot' for 'प्रकरण' (Prakaraṇ). At this level, you are expected to handle formal Hindi with relative ease. You should understand that 'prakaraṇ' is the standard term for a 'case' in legal and administrative contexts. If you are reading about a 'corruption case' (bhraṣṭācār prakaraṇ) or a 'land dispute' (zamīn kā prakaraṇ), you should recognize that this word encompasses the entire investigation and the set of facts involved. You should also be comfortable using it in academic writing to refer to specific sections of a study. At B2, you should be aware of the word's Sanskrit roots and its historical use in literature (as a type of drama or a section of a treatise). You should be able to use it in the oblique plural form 'prakaraṇon' correctly. For example: 'In prakaraṇon ki jānch honi cāhiye' (These cases should be investigated). You should also be able to distinguish it from 'māmlā' (which is more general) and 'muddā' (which is the core issue). Using 'prakaraṇ' correctly in a formal debate or a professional email is a hallmark of a B2 learner. It shows you understand the nuances of register and can choose words that fit a professional or intellectual environment.

For a C1 learner, 'प्रकरण' (Prakaraṇ) is a word you use with precision and stylistic flair. You understand its deepest nuances, including its role in classical Indian aesthetics and logic. You know that in a 'Prakaraṇa' play, the plot is invented by the author, and you might use this knowledge when discussing Indian literature. In professional legal or bureaucratic Hindi, you use 'prakaraṇ' as the default term for a case file or an administrative matter. You are adept at using it in complex sentence structures, such as 'prakaraṇ-vār viśleṣaṇ' (case-by-case analysis). You can also use it metaphorically to refer to a 'chapter' or 'episode' in history or a person's life with a sense of gravity. At this level, you don't just know what the word means; you know the 'weight' it carries. You can identify when a writer uses 'prakaraṇ' to lend an air of authority to their text. You might also explore its use in ancient grammatical texts like the 'Siddhānta Kaumudī', where different sections are called 'prakaraṇas'. Your mastery involves knowing exactly when NOT to use it—avoiding it in informal settings to remain authentic, while deploying it in formal settings to command respect. You can discuss the 'prakaraṇ' of a debate, meaning the specific boundary or scope within which the arguments are being made.

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At the C2 level, 'प्रकरण' (Prakaraṇ) is a tool for total linguistic command. You use it in highly specialized contexts, such as legal drafting, advanced literary criticism, or philosophical discourse. You understand the etymological connection between 'pra' (forward/intensity) and 'karaṇa' (doing/action), seeing the word as a 'detailed treatment' or 'intensified action' on a subject. You can appreciate the subtle difference between a 'prakaraṇ' and a 'paricched' (another word for section/chapter), choosing the one that best fits the rhythmic and stylistic needs of your prose. In a C2 context, you might use 'prakaraṇ' to refer to the entire procedural history of a legal matter, including its investigative and judicial phases. You are also capable of using the word in its most abstract sense—as a category of existence or a logical division in a complex system of thought. You can read and critique classical commentaries where 'prakaraṇ' is used to define the scope of an entire field of knowledge. Your usage is indistinguishable from that of a highly educated native speaker, whether you are writing a scholarly article on 'Samās Prakaraṇ' (the section on compounds) or delivering a keynote address on a 'social prakaraṇ' (social issue/case). You possess the cultural and historical context to understand why this word has remained relevant for thousands of years, evolving from the stage of Sanskrit drama to the files of a modern Indian court.

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प्रकरण 30秒で

A formal noun for 'topic', 'case', or 'section'.
Essential for understanding legal and academic Hindi.
More specific and professional than the word 'viṣay'.
Derived from Sanskrit, used for structured segments of info.

The Hindi word प्रकरण (Prakaraṇ) is a sophisticated noun primarily used to denote a specific topic, subject, case, or an episode within a larger narrative or study. Derived from Sanskrit roots, it carries a weight of formality that makes it more suitable for academic, legal, and literary contexts than its common synonym 'विषय' (viṣay). When you encounter 'प्रकरण', you are not just looking at a general subject; you are looking at a delimited segment of discussion or a particular instance under investigation. In modern Hindi, you will frequently hear this word in news reports concerning legal cases or 'scandals', where a specific incident is referred to as a 'prakaraṇ'. For example, a corruption case might be called a 'भ्रष्टाचार प्रकरण' (bhraṣṭācār prakaraṇ).

Academic Context: In traditional Indian literature and scientific treatises, a 'prakaraṇ' acts as a chapter or a thematic section that focuses on one specific aspect of the overarching philosophy or science. It is a logical division that helps the reader navigate through complex ideas by compartmentalizing them into digestible 'topics'.

इस प्रकरण की जाँच अभी जारी है और जल्द ही सत्य सामने आएगा। (The investigation of this case/topic is still ongoing, and the truth will soon come to light.)

Understanding 'प्रकरण' requires recognizing its boundaries. Unlike 'प्रसंग' (prasaṅg), which often refers to the context or a specific occasion, 'प्रकरण' is the material content itself. If 'प्रसंग' is the 'when and why', 'प्रकरण' is the 'what' in a detailed sense. In a conversation, if someone says 'प्रकरण को बदलिए' (prakaraṇ ko badliye), they are asking to change the specific subject of the discussion because it might be too heavy or irrelevant. This word is essential for B2 learners because it signifies a transition from basic conversational Hindi to a level where one can engage with newspapers, legal documents, and formal debates. It allows the speaker to categorize information precisely, showing a command over the nuances of the language that 'topic' alone cannot convey.

Legal Nuance: In a courtroom, 'प्रकरण' refers to the case file or the specific matter being adjudicated. It implies a set of facts and evidence grouped together for a single legal purpose.

लेखक ने इस प्रकरण में सामाजिक कुरीतियों पर प्रहार किया है। (The author has attacked social evils in this section/topic.)

Furthermore, in the realm of linguistics and grammar, 'प्रकरण' is used to define a category of words or rules. For instance, 'संधि प्रकरण' (Sandhi Prakaraṇ) refers to the section of grammar dealing with the joining of sounds. This versatility—from law to literature to linguistics—makes it a cornerstone of formal Hindi. Its usage reflects a structured mindset, where information is not just shared but categorized. For an English speaker, thinking of 'प्रकरण' as 'the matter at hand' or 'the specific section' provides the best mental bridge. It is more formal than 'baat' (talk/matter) and more focused than 'vishay' (subject). By mastering this word, you elevate your Hindi from 'survival' to 'intellectual', allowing you to participate in higher-level discourse regarding society, law, and education.

Literary Usage: In classical Sanskrit drama, a 'Prakaraṇa' is also a specific type of play (one of the ten Rupakas) where the plot is original and not taken from mythology, usually involving characters from middle-class society.

यह प्रकरण अत्यंत जटिल है। (This case/topic is extremely complex.)

Using प्रकरण correctly involves understanding its role as a formal classifier. Because it is a masculine noun, it dictates the grammatical agreement of the words around it. In a sentence, it often acts as the subject or the direct object when discussing administrative or intellectual matters. For example, if you are discussing a specific chapter in a textbook, you might say, 'इस प्रकरण को ध्यान से पढ़ें' (Read this section carefully). Here, 'प्रकरण' is used to pinpoint a specific part of the text. It functions similarly to 'subject matter' but with a more concrete sense of a 'defined unit'.

Subject Position: When 'प्रकरण' is the subject, it often describes the nature of a situation: 'यह प्रकरण न्यायालय में लंबित है' (This case is pending in court). Notice how the verb 'है' and the adjective 'लंबित' follow the masculine singular form.

पुलिस ने इस प्रकरण में तीन लोगों को गिरफ्तार किया है। (The police have arrested three people in this case.)

In administrative Hindi, 'प्रकरण' is indispensable. If you are writing a formal letter or an application, you might use it to refer to the 'matter' you are addressing. 'उपरोक्त प्रकरण के संबंध में...' (In relation to the above-mentioned matter...) is a standard opening in bureaucratic correspondence. This usage highlights the word's ability to encapsulate a complex set of details into a single noun. For learners, practicing these fixed phrases is a great way to sound more native and professional. Another common pattern is 'प्रकरण-वार' (prakaraṇ-vār), meaning 'case-by-case' or 'topic-wise', which is used when analyzing data or reviewing files.

Descriptive Usage: You can use adjectives to qualify the type of topic: 'गंभीर प्रकरण' (serious case), 'विवादास्पद प्रकरण' (controversial topic), or 'ऐतिहासिक प्रकरण' (historical episode).

इतिहास के इस प्रकरण को अक्सर भुला दिया जाता है। (This episode of history is often forgotten.)

In a debate or discussion, you might use 'प्रकरण' to redirect the focus. 'हम अभी दूसरे प्रकरण पर चर्चा कर रहे हैं' (We are currently discussing a different topic). This demonstrates a high level of conversational control. It also appears in scientific writing to denote a particular experiment or a set of observations. The word's strength lies in its specificity. While 'baat' (बात) is vague, 'prakaraṇ' (प्रकरण) is precise. It tells the listener that there is a defined scope to what you are talking about. Whether it is a 'prakaraṇ' in a Sanskrit grammar book or a 'prakaraṇ' in a modern police file, the sense of a 'structured unit of information' remains constant. Practice using it with verbs like 'सुलझाना' (to solve - used for cases) or 'स्पष्ट करना' (to clarify - used for topics).

As a Suffix/Compound: It often appears in compounds like 'जाँच-प्रकरण' (investigation case) or 'विवाद-प्रकरण' (dispute matter), further narrowing the scope of the noun.

क्या आप इस प्रकरण के मुख्य बिंदुओं को समझा सकते हैं? (Can you explain the main points of this topic/case?)

If you are navigating the world of Hindi media, academia, or law, प्रकरण will be a recurring companion. One of the most common places to hear it is on Hindi news channels like Aaj Tak or NDTV India. News anchors use it to refer to ongoing investigations or legal battles. For instance, during the reporting of a high-profile financial crime, they might say, 'इस मनी लॉन्ड्रिंग प्रकरण में नए खुलासे हुए हैं' (New revelations have been made in this money laundering case). Here, 'प्रकरण' provides a formal umbrella for all the events, evidence, and individuals involved in that specific legal matter.

In the Classroom: Professors and teachers use 'प्रकरण' when transitioning between parts of a lecture. 'आज का हमारा प्रकरण है...' (Our topic for today is...). It sets a formal tone for the academic inquiry and distinguishes the specific lesson from the general subject of the course.

न्यायाधीश ने प्रकरण की अगली सुनवाई के लिए अगले सोमवार की तारीख तय की है। (The judge has fixed next Monday for the next hearing of the case.)

You will also encounter this word in the prefaces of Hindi books. Authors use it to describe the various 'sections' or 'episodes' they have compiled. In religious or philosophical discourses (Pravachans), a speaker might refer to a 'prakaraṇ' from a sacred text to illustrate a point. For example, 'श्रीमद्भागवत के इस प्रकरण में...' (In this section of the Shrimad Bhagavatam...). In these contexts, it signifies a sacred or intellectually significant portion of a larger whole. It is rarely used in casual, everyday street Hindi where 'baat' or 'cheez' would suffice. Therefore, hearing 'प्रकरण' is a signal that the conversation has moved into a more serious or structured domain.

In Literature: Classic Hindi novels or short stories might use 'प्रकरण' to refer to a specific incident or 'chapter' of a character's life that stands out as a distinct memory or event.

यह पूरा प्रकरण एक बड़ी साजिश का हिस्सा लगता है। (This entire episode/case seems to be part of a larger conspiracy.)

In the digital age, you might see 'प्रकरण' on official government websites or portals for tracking legal cases (like e-Courts). It is the standard term for a 'case record'. If you are ever involved in any administrative work in India, from getting a property registered to dealing with a local municipality, the files and matters will be referred to as 'prakaraṇ'. Understanding this word is therefore not just a linguistic exercise but a practical necessity for navigating Indian bureaucracy. Even in film reviews, a critic might refer to a 'prakaraṇ' in the plot that was particularly well-executed. It remains a versatile, high-register word that bridges the gap between the ancient scholarly tradition and modern institutional life.

Radio and Podcasts: Educational podcasts or All India Radio (AIR) news summaries use this word to categorize the different segments of their broadcast, such as 'आर्थिक प्रकरण' (economic section).

इस प्रकरण पर आपकी क्या राय है? (What is your opinion on this topic/matter?)

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make with प्रकरण is confusing it with other similar words like विषय (viṣay), प्रसंग (prasaṅg), and मामला (māmlā). While they all overlap in the general sense of 'topic' or 'matter', their registers and specific nuances differ significantly. Using 'प्रकरण' in a casual conversation with a friend about what movie to watch would sound unnaturally stiff and overly formal. In such a case, 'विषय' or just 'बात' is much more appropriate. 'प्रकरण' implies a level of seriousness and structure that basic daily chores or hobbies usually don't possess.

Confusion with 'Prasang': 'Prasang' means 'context' or 'occasion'. If you say 'इस प्रकरण में' when you mean 'in this context', it might be understood, but it's technically incorrect. 'Prakaran' is the subject itself, while 'Prasang' is the surrounding circumstance.

गलत: खाने के प्रकरण में बात मत करो। (Don't talk about the 'topic' of food - sounds too formal).
सही: खाने के विषय में बात मत करो।

Another mistake involves gender agreement. As mentioned earlier, 'प्रकरण' is masculine. English speakers often struggle with Hindi genders and might inadvertently treat it as feminine because some other words for 'topic' (like 'charcha' or 'baat') are feminine. Saying 'यह प्रकरण अच्छी है' is incorrect; it must be 'यह प्रकरण अच्छा है'. Additionally, learners sometimes over-rely on 'मामला' (māmlā) for everything related to a 'case'. While 'मामला' is very common, 'प्रकरण' is the preferred term in written reports and formal documentation. Using 'प्रकरण' correctly in a formal essay will earn you much higher marks for vocabulary than using the more colloquial 'मामला'.

Over-Academicizing: Avoid using 'prakaraṇ' in text messages or casual emails unless you are intentionally trying to be ironic or very formal. It can make you sound like a textbook rather than a person.

सही उपयोग: इस कानूनी प्रकरण की फाइल कहाँ है? (Where is the file for this legal case?)

Lastly, there's a nuance in the plural form. In the direct case, the plural is also 'प्रकरण' (e.g., 'दो प्रकरण'), but in the oblique case (when followed by a preposition), it becomes 'प्रकरणों'. Learners often forget to change the ending, saying 'इन प्रकरण में' instead of 'इन प्रकरणों में'. This is a common hurdle in reaching B2/C1 proficiency. To avoid these mistakes, always think about the scope and formality of your topic. If it's a defined, formal, or serious subject, 'प्रकरण' is your best choice. If it's a general idea or a casual talk, stick to 'विषय' or 'baat'.

Misusing as 'Example': Some learners confuse 'prakaran' with 'udaharan' (example). While a 'prakaran' can serve as an example of a larger issue, the word itself does not mean 'example'.

सावधानी: प्रकरण (Topic/Case) vs प्रकार (Type).

To truly master प्रकरण, you must understand where it sits in the ecosystem of Hindi nouns related to 'subjects' and 'matters'. The most common alternative is विषय (Viṣay). While 'Viṣay' is a broad term for any subject (like Math, History, or a topic of conversation), 'Prakaraṇ' is more specific and formal. Think of 'Viṣay' as the 'Subject' and 'Prakaraṇ' as the 'Specific Case' or 'Thematic Section'. If 'Viṣay' is the forest, 'Prakaraṇ' is a specifically mapped-out grove within it.

Prakaraṇ vs. Viṣay: 'Viṣay' is used for general subjects (Science is a viṣay). 'Prakaraṇ' is used for a specific topic or legal matter (This theft is a prakaraṇ).

हमें इस विषय पर चर्चा करनी चाहिए, विशेषकर इस प्रकरण पर। (We should discuss this subject, especially this specific case/topic.)

Another close relative is प्रसंग (Prasaṅg). 'Prasaṅg' translates best as 'context' or 'occasion'. You use 'Prasaṅg' when you want to explain the circumstances under which something happened. 'Prakaraṇ', on the other hand, is the substance of the matter itself. In a literary analysis, 'Prasaṅg' would be the background of a poem, while 'Prakaraṇ' would be the specific section of the text you are analyzing. Then there is मामला (Māmlā), which is the most common word for 'matter' or 'affair' in everyday speech. 'Māmlā' is versatile and can be used for anything from a romantic affair to a broken pipe. 'Prakaraṇ' is the formal, 'official' version of 'Māmlā'.

Prakaraṇ vs. Adhyāy: 'Adhyāy' (अध्याय) means 'Chapter'. While a 'prakaraṇ' can be a chapter-like division, 'adhyāy' is the standard word for a book chapter, whereas 'prakaraṇ' emphasizes the 'topic-based' nature of the division.

इस मामले को सुलझाना मुश्किल है, लेकिन यह कानूनी प्रकरण और भी जटिल है। (It's hard to solve this matter, but this legal case is even more complex.)

For those looking for even more formal alternatives, मुद्दा (Muddā) is often used for a 'point' or 'issue' in a debate. 'Muddā' is more abstract—it's the core point of contention. 'Prakaraṇ' is the whole package: the facts, the topic, and the context. In academic writing, you might also see शीर्षक (Śīrṣak), which means 'heading' or 'title'. While 'Śīrṣak' is the name of the section, 'Prakaraṇ' is the content under that name. Understanding these differences allows you to choose the exact 'flavor' of 'topic' you need for your specific situation. Use 'Prakaraṇ' when you want to sound authoritative, precise, and structured.

Summary Table: - Viṣay: General Subject
- Prasaṅg: Context/Occasion
- Māmlā: Common Matter/Affair
- Prakaraṇ: Formal Case/Specific Topic
- Muddā: Core Issue/Point

राजनीतिक प्रकरणों में अक्सर जनता की राय बँटी होती है। (In political cases/topics, public opinion is often divided.)

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

In ancient India, a 'Prakaraṇa' was a specific genre of play that focused on the lives of common people rather than gods or kings.

発音ガイド

UK /pɾə.kə.ɾəɳ/

US /prə.kə.rən/

Primary stress is on the second syllable 'ka'.

韻が合う語

स्मरण (smaraṇ) चरण (caraṇ) मरण (maraṇ) तरण (taraṇ) हरण (haraṇ) करण (karaṇ) वरण (varaṇ) शरण (sharaṇ)

よくある間違い

Pronouncing the final 'n' as a dental 'n' instead of retroflex 'ṇ'.
Aspirating the 'p' like in 'pool'.

難易度

読解 4/5

Common in newspapers and books, but requires knowledge of formal vocabulary.

ライティング 4/5

Requires understanding of when to use formal vs. informal registers.

スピーキング 3/5

Easy to pronounce but hard to fit naturally into casual speech.

リスニング 4/5

Often spoken quickly in news reports.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

विषय बात मामला किताब पुलिस

次に学ぶ

प्रक्रिया प्रासंगिक अनुच्छेद विवरण जाँच

上級

व्युत्पत्ति परिच्छेद अधिकरण विमर्श

知っておくべき文法

Masculine Noun Agreement

यह प्रकरण (This topic) vs यह बात (This talk).

Oblique Pluralization

प्रकरणों में (In the topics/cases).

Compound Noun Formation

जाँच-प्रकरण (Investigation case).

Postposition Usage

प्रकरण के बारे में (About the topic).

Formal Register Choice

Using 'prakaraṇ' instead of 'māmlā' in reports.

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レベル別の例文

यह एक नया प्रकरण है।

This is a new topic.

Simple subject-complement structure with 'prakaraṇ' as a masculine noun.

प्रकरण क्या है?

What is the topic?

Interrogative sentence using 'prakaraṇ' as the subject.

यह प्रकरण अच्छा है।

This topic is good.

Masculine adjective 'acchā' agrees with 'prakaraṇ'.

आज का प्रकरण छोटा है।

Today's topic is short.

Possessive 'kā' and adjective 'choṭā' both in masculine singular form.

मेरा प्रकरण यहाँ है।

My topic is here.

Possessive pronoun 'merā' agrees with 'prakaraṇ'.

वह प्रकरण पढ़ो।

Read that topic/section.

Imperative verb 'paḍho' acting on the object 'prakaraṇ'.

यह प्रकरण सरल है।

This topic is simple.

Adjective 'saral' (simple) describing 'prakaraṇ'.

प्रकरण एक देखो।

Look at topic one.

Use of 'prakaraṇ' as a heading or label.

अगला प्रकरण बहुत बड़ा है।

The next topic is very big.

Adjective 'agla' (next) and 'baḍā' (big) both masculine.

इस प्रकरण को समझो।

Understand this topic.

Object marker 'ko' used with 'prakaraṇ'.

किताब में दस प्रकरण हैं।

There are ten topics/sections in the book.

Plural 'prakaraṇ' remains the same in the direct case.

यह प्रकरण बहुत ज़रूरी है।

This topic is very important.

'Zarūri' is an invariable adjective.

क्या आप इस प्रकरण को जानते हैं?

Do you know this topic?

Formal question using 'āp'.

प्रकरण के बारे में बताओ।

Tell (me) about the topic.

Compound postposition 'ke bāre me' used with 'prakaraṇ'.

यह प्रकरण पुराना है।

This topic/case is old.

Adjective 'purānā' (old) in masculine singular.

नया प्रकरण शुरू करो।

Start the new topic.

Verb 'shurū karo' (start) with object 'prakaraṇ'.

समाचार में इस प्रकरण की चर्चा है।

This case is being discussed in the news.

Possessive 'ki' agrees with 'charchā' (feminine), not 'prakaraṇ'.

पुलिस इस प्रकरण की जाँच कर रही है।

The police are investigating this case.

Standard phrase for 'investigating a case'.

लेखक ने इस प्रकरण में विस्तार से लिखा है।

The author has written in detail in this section.

Use of 'vistar se' (in detail) with 'prakaraṇ'.

यह प्रकरण हमारे समाज के लिए महत्वपूर्ण है।

This topic/matter is important for our society.

Formal sentence structure suitable for B1.

हमें इस प्रकरण को गंभीरता से लेना चाहिए।

We should take this matter seriously.

Adverbial phrase 'gambhīrtā se' (seriously).

इस प्रकरण का कोई समाधान नहीं मिला।

No solution was found for this case/matter.

Negation 'koi... nahīn' (no/none).

क्या आपने पिछला प्रकरण पढ़ लिया है?

Have you read the previous topic/section?

Perfective aspect 'paḍh liyā' (have read).

यह प्रकरण बहुत ही विवादास्पद है।

This topic/case is very controversial.

Adjective 'vivādāspad' (controversial).

न्यायालय ने इस प्रकरण पर अपना फैसला सुरक्षित रखा है।

The court has reserved its judgment on this case.

High-register legal Hindi vocabulary.

इस प्रकरण के मुख्य पहलुओं पर ध्यान दें।

Focus on the main aspects of this topic/case.

Plural possessive 'ke' with 'pahaluon' (aspects).

भ्रष्टाचार के इस प्रकरण ने देश को हिला दिया।

This case of corruption shook the country.

Compound noun 'bhraṣṭācār ke prakaraṇ'.

यह प्रकरण अभी भी विचाराधीन है।

This matter is still under consideration/sub-judice.

Formal term 'vicārādhīn' (under consideration).

इतिहास के इस प्रकरण को विस्तार से पढ़ना होगा।

This episode of history will have to be read in detail.

Future obligation 'paḍhnā hogā'.

अधिकारी इस प्रकरण की फाइल ढूँढ रहे हैं।

The officials are looking for the file of this case.

Plural subject 'adhikārī' with continuous verb.

इस प्रकरण में कई विसंगतियाँ पाई गई हैं।

Many discrepancies have been found in this case.

Passive structure 'pāī gaī hain' (have been found).

प्रकरण की संवेदनशीलता को देखते हुए सावधानी बरतें।

Exercise caution given the sensitivity of the matter.

Participial phrase 'dekhate hue' (seeing/given).

इस प्रकरण का विश्लेषण समाजशास्त्रीय दृष्टिकोण से आवश्यक है।

An analysis of this case is necessary from a sociological perspective.

Academic terminology like 'viśleṣaṇ' and 'dṛṣṭikoṇ'.

प्रकरण-वार विवरण प्रस्तुत करना अनिवार्य है।

It is mandatory to present a case-by-case/topic-wise description.

Sanskritized compound 'prakaraṇ-vār' (case-by-case).

साहित्यिक प्रकरणों में अक्सर प्रतीकों का प्रयोग होता है।

Symbols are often used in literary sections/topics.

Oblique plural 'prakaraṇon' with postposition 'me'.

इस प्रकरण की जड़ें बहुत गहरी हैं।

The roots of this matter/case are very deep.

Metaphorical use of 'jaḍe' (roots).

प्रशासन ने इस प्रकरण को रफा-दफा करने की कोशिश की।

The administration tried to hush up this case.

Idiomatic expression 'raphā-daphā karnā' (to hush up/settle).

इस प्रकरण ने मानवाधिकारों पर नई बहस छेड़ दी है।

This case has sparked a new debate on human rights.

Verb phrase 'bahas cheḍ dī' (sparked a debate).

प्रकरण की जटिलता को सुलझाने के लिए विशेषज्ञों की राय लें।

Take the opinion of experts to resolve the complexity of the case.

Abstract noun 'jaṭiltā' (complexity).

यह प्रकरण भारतीय राजनीति का एक काला अध्याय है।

This episode is a dark chapter of Indian politics.

Metaphorical comparison to an 'adhyāy' (chapter).

प्रकरण की अंतर्निहित विडंबनाओं का उद्घाटन करना ही लेखक का ध्येय है।

The author's goal is to reveal the inherent ironies of the episode.

Advanced Sanskritized vocabulary like 'antarnihit' and 'udghāṭan'.

न्यायिक सक्रियता के इस प्रकरण ने संवैधानिक सीमाओं को चुनौती दी।

This instance of judicial activism challenged constitutional boundaries.

Complex technical subject matter.

इस प्रकरण की परिधि अत्यंत व्यापक है।

The scope/circumference of this matter is extremely vast.

Formal word 'paridhi' (scope/circumference).

प्रकरण के सूक्ष्म अंतरों को समझना शोधकर्ता के लिए अनिवार्य है।

It is essential for the researcher to understand the subtle nuances of the topic.

Plural possessive 'ke' with 'sūkṣma antaron' (subtle nuances).

इस प्रकरण ने पारंपरिक मान्यताओं को ध्वस्त कर दिया।

This episode/case demolished traditional beliefs.

Strong verb 'dhvast karnā' (to demolish).

प्रकरण की ऐतिहासिकता पर प्रश्नचिह्न लगाना अनुचित होगा।

It would be improper to question the historicity of this episode.

Abstract noun 'aitihāsiktā' (historicity).

उसने इस प्रकरण को अपने स्वार्थ के लिए भुनाया।

He exploited this case for his own selfish interests.

Idiomatic verb 'bhunānā' (to cash in/exploit).

प्रकरण की व्याख्या बहुआयामी होनी चाहिए।

The interpretation of the case/topic should be multi-dimensional.

Adjective 'bahuāyāmī' (multi-dimensional).

類義語

विषय मामला प्रसंग खंड मुद्दा अध्याय अनुच्छेद वृत्तांत

反対語

निष्कर्ष सार भूमिका परिणाम

よく使う組み合わせ

कानूनी प्रकरण

भ्रष्टाचार प्रकरण

ऐतिहासिक प्रकरण

विवादास्पद प्रकरण

प्रकरण-वार

संधि प्रकरण

पूरा प्रकरण

प्रकरण की फाइल

गंभीर प्रकरण

प्रकरण दर्ज करना

よく使うフレーズ

प्रकरण के अनुसार

— According to the topic/case.

प्रकरण के अनुसार उत्तर दें।

प्रकरण को सुलझाना

— To solve/resolve the matter/case.

हमें इस प्रकरण को जल्द सुलझाना होगा।

प्रकरण बदलना

— To change the topic.

चलो, अब प्रकरण बदलते हैं।

संबंधित प्रकरण

— Related matter/case.

संबंधित प्रकरण की जानकारी माँगी गई है।

प्रकरण का विवरण

— Details of the topic/case.

प्रकरण का विवरण नीचे दिया गया है।

प्रकरण की सुनवाई

— Hearing of the case.

आज प्रकरण की सुनवाई नहीं हुई।

उपरोक्त प्रकरण

— The above-mentioned matter.

उपरोक्त प्रकरण पर विचार करें।

प्रकरण की गंभीरता

— The seriousness of the matter.

प्रकरण की गंभीरता को समझें।

नया प्रकरण

— New case/topic.

एक नया प्रकरण सामने आया है।

प्रकरण का अंत

— End of the topic/episode.

यहाँ इस प्रकरण का अंत होता है।

よく混同される語

प्रकरण vs प्रकार

Means 'type' or 'kind'. Often confused due to similar spelling.

प्रकरण vs प्रसंग

Means 'context' or 'occasion'. Prakaran is the subject itself.

प्रकरण vs प्रमाण

Means 'proof' or 'evidence'. Related to cases but different meaning.

慣用句と表現

"प्रकरण को हवा देना"

— To fuel or ignite a matter/controversy.

मीडिया ने इस प्रकरण को हवा दी।

Journalistic

"प्रकरण पर मिट्टी डालना"

— To bury or hush up a matter.

अधिकारियों ने प्रकरण पर मिट्टी डाल दी।

Informal/Formal

"प्रकरण का पिटारा खोलना"

— To reveal a whole set of facts/secrets about a matter.

उसने पुराने प्रकरणों का पिटारा खोल दिया।

Literary

"प्रकरण में उलझना"

— To get entangled in a matter/case.

वह फालतू के प्रकरणों में उलझ गया है।

General

"प्रकरण को तूल देना"

— To exaggerate or give undue importance to a matter.

इस छोटे से प्रकरण को तूल मत दो।

Journalistic

"प्रकरण की जड़ तक जाना"

— To get to the bottom of the matter.

हमें इस प्रकरण की जड़ तक जाना होगा।

General

"प्रकरण को रफा-दफा करना"

— To settle or finish a matter quickly (often unfairly).

पुलिस ने प्रकरण को रफा-दफा कर दिया।

Common

"प्रकरण से हाथ धो बैठना"

— To lose control over a case or matter.

लापरवाही के कारण वह प्रकरण से हाथ धो बैठा।

General

"प्रकरण का रुख मोड़ना"

— To change the direction/course of a case.

नये सबूतों ने प्रकरण का रुख मोड़ दिया।

News

"प्रकरण में घी डालना"

— To make a situation/matter worse (adding fuel to fire).

उसके बयान ने प्रकरण में घी डालने का काम किया।

Common

間違えやすい

प्रकरण vs प्रकार (Prakār)

Similar prefix and suffix.

Prakār means 'type/kind' (e.g., of fruit), while Prakaraṇ means 'topic/case'.

आम के कई प्रकार होते हैं, लेकिन यह आम का प्रकरण (case) अलग है।

प्रकरण vs विषय (Viṣay)

Both mean 'topic'.

Viṣay is general (Science); Prakaraṇ is specific or formal (A legal case).

मेरा विषय इतिहास है, और मैं इस प्रकरण पर शोध कर रहा हूँ।

प्रकरण vs मामला (Māmlā)

Both mean 'matter/case'.

Māmlā is common/colloquial; Prakaraṇ is formal/official.

घर का मामला अलग है, लेकिन यह कानूनी प्रकरण है।

प्रकरण vs प्रसंग (Prasaṅg)

Both relate to a subject.

Prasaṅg is the context/occasion; Prakaraṇ is the thematic section/matter.

इस प्रसंग (context) में यह प्रकरण (topic) सही नहीं है।

प्रकरण vs अध्याय (Adhyāy)

Both refer to book sections.

Adhyāy is a standard 'Chapter'; Prakaraṇ is a 'Topic-based Section'.

तीसरे अध्याय में कई प्रकरण हैं।

文型パターン

यह [Noun] है।

यह प्रकरण है।

इस [Noun] को [Verb] करो।

इस प्रकरण को पढ़ो।

[Noun] की [Noun] जारी है।

प्रकरण की जाँच जारी है।

यह [Adj] [Noun] [Adv] है।

यह प्रकरण अत्यंत जटिल है।

[Noun] के [Noun] का [Noun] करना।

प्रकरण के पहलुओं का विश्लेषण करना।

[Noun] की [Noun] [Adj] [Adj] है।

प्रकरण की ऐतिहासिकता निर्विवाद रूप से स्पष्ट है।

[Noun] के बारे में [Verb] |

प्रकरण के बारे में सोचो।

[Noun] को [Verb] करना मुश्किल है।

प्रकरण को सुलझाना मुश्किल है।

語族

名詞

प्रकरण (Topic/Case)

प्रक्रिया (Process)

प्रकारक (Factor)

動詞

प्रकट करना (To reveal/manifest)

形容詞

प्रासंगिक (Relevant/Contextual)

प्रकृत (Natural/Original)

使い方

frequency

Common in media, law, and academia; rare in casual speech.

よくある間違い

Using 'prakaraṇ' as a feminine noun. → Yeh prakaraṇ acchā hai.
Learners often think it's feminine because 'baat' is feminine. It is always masculine.
Confusing it with 'prakār' (type). → Kaun sa prakaraṇ? (Which topic?)
Prakār means 'type'; Prakaraṇ means 'topic/case'. They are not interchangeable.
Using it in very casual settings. → Baat kya hai? (What's the matter?)
Using 'prakaraṇ' with friends about dinner plans sounds weirdly formal. Stick to 'baat' or 'viṣay'.
Forgetting the oblique plural 'prakaraṇon'. → In prakaraṇon me...
In the plural oblique case, the ending must change to 'on'.
Using it to mean 'example' (udaharan). → Yeh ek prakaraṇ hai (This is a case/topic).
While a case can be an example, the word itself doesn't mean 'example'.

ヒント

Level Up Your Formal Hindi

Replace 'māmlā' with 'prakaraṇ' in your formal writing to immediately sound more professional and academic.

Watch the Gender

Always remember 'prakaraṇ' is masculine. Practice saying 'baḍā prakaraṇ' to lock in the gender agreement.

The Retroflex 'N'

Focus on the 'ṇ' sound at the end. Curl your tongue back to touch the roof of your mouth for an authentic sound.

Legal Nuance

In a legal context, 'prakaraṇ' implies a formal case file. Use it when discussing court proceedings.

Newspaper Scanning

Look for the word 'prakaraṇ' in Hindi news headlines. It will help you identify the main 'case' being reported.

Structure Your Essays

Use 'prakaraṇ' as a heading for different sections of a formal report or essay.

Academic Lectures

Listen for 'agla prakaraṇ' (next topic) in Hindi lectures to know when the professor is moving to a new point.

Sanskrit Roots

Knowing it comes from 'pra + karaṇa' helps you see it as a 'detailed doing' of a subject.

The P-P Rule

Prakaran = Pointed Package of information. It's not just a topic; it's a specific package.

Polite Redirect

Use 'prakaraṇ ko badliye' (change the topic) to politely steer a formal conversation away from a sensitive subject.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Imagine a 'Pro' (Pra) 'Kar' (doing) a 'Ran' (run) through a specific 'Topic'. A pro-runner finishing a section.

視覚的連想

Visualize a legal file folder with a big 'P' on it, containing all the papers of a specific case.

Word Web

Law Topic Chapter Case Formal Academic Investigation Section

チャレンジ

Try to use 'प्रकरण' in three different ways today: as a chapter, as a legal case, and as a formal topic of discussion.

語源

Derived from the Sanskrit word 'प्रकरण' (prakaraṇa).

元の意味： A treatise, a chapter, or a specific type of drama.

Indo-Aryan

文化的な背景

No specific sensitivities, but using it in very casual settings can make you sound arrogant or distant.

The closest English equivalents are 'case', 'matter', or 'subject matter', but none perfectly capture the formal weight of the Hindi word.

Mṛcchakatika (a famous Sanskrit Prakaraṇa play) Legal headlines like '2G Spectrum Prakaraṇ' Grammar books sections like 'Sandhi Prakaraṇ'

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Legal/Police

प्रकरण दर्ज करना
प्रकरण की जाँच
कानूनी प्रकरण
प्रकरण की सुनवाई

Academic/Books

अगला प्रकरण
प्रकरण-सूची
इस प्रकरण में
नया प्रकरण

News/Media

भ्रष्टाचार प्रकरण
विवादास्पद प्रकरण
पूरा प्रकरण
प्रकरण का खुलासा

Administration

प्रकरण की फाइल
उपरोक्त प्रकरण
प्रकरण-वार
प्रकरण का निपटारा

Philosophy/Religion

शास्त्र का प्रकरण
इस प्रकरण का अर्थ
पवित्र प्रकरण
प्रकरण की व्याख्या

会話のきっかけ

"क्या आपने आज के समाचार में उस भ्रष्टाचार प्रकरण के बारे में सुना?"

"आपकी राय में इस कानूनी प्रकरण का क्या परिणाम होगा?"

"शिक्षक ने आज कौन सा प्रकरण पढ़ाया?"

"क्या हम इस पुराने प्रकरण को सुलझा सकते हैं?"

"इस पुस्तक का सबसे दिलचस्प प्रकरण कौन सा है?"

日記のテーマ

अपने जीवन के एक ऐसे प्रकरण के बारे में लिखें जिसने आपको बहुत कुछ सिखाया।

क्या आपको लगता है कि मीडिया किसी छोटे प्रकरण को बहुत बड़ा बना देता है? तर्क दें।

किसी भी ऐतिहासिक प्रकरण का वर्णन करें जो आपको प्रेरित करता हो।

यदि आप एक न्यायाधीश होते, तो आप एक जटिल प्रकरण को कैसे सुलझाते?

आज आपने जो नया प्रकरण (विषय) सीखा, उसका सार लिखें।

よくある質問

10 問

Viṣay is a general term for any subject of study or conversation, like 'History' or 'Weather'. Prakaraṇ is more formal and specific, often referring to a particular legal case or a delimited section of a book. Use Viṣay for daily talk and Prakaraṇ for professional or academic writing.

Prakaraṇ is a masculine noun. This means you should use masculine adjectives (like 'baḍā', 'acchā') and verb forms (like 'huā', 'hai') with it. For example, 'Yeh prakaraṇ acchā hai' is correct.

No, Prakaraṇ only refers to topics, matters, situations, or cases. You cannot use it to describe a person's character or personality. Use 'vyakti' or 'insān' for people.

Use 'prakaraṇon' when the word is plural AND followed by a postposition like 'me' (in), 'se' (from), or 'ka' (of). For example: 'In prakaraṇon me' (In these cases).

Rarely. It is quite formal. In daily life, people prefer 'baat', 'māmlā', or 'viṣay'. If you use it with friends, you might sound like you are giving a lecture or reporting for the news.

It means 'case-by-case' or 'topic-wise'. It is an adverbial compound used in administrative work to describe how data or files are organized or analyzed.

Sort of. While 'adhyāy' is the standard word for chapter, 'prakaraṇ' can refer to a thematic section of a book that acts like a chapter. In ancient texts, sections were often called prakaraṇas.

The formal way is 'bhraṣṭācār prakaraṇ'. This is the term you will most likely see in newspapers and on news channels.

It is one of the ten types of plays (Rupakas). Unlike heroic plays (Natakas), a Prakaraṇa has a plot invented by the poet and usually features a merchant or a commoner as the hero.

No, 'context' is 'prasaṅg'. 'Prakaraṇ' is the 'topic' itself. If you are talking about a specific event, the event is the prakaraṇ; the circumstances around it are the prasaṅg.

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