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सेवानिवृत्त

B1 adjective 6分で読める

सेवानिवृत्त

練習する例文メモとヒント सेवानिवृत्त 30秒で

解説 सेवानिवृत्त in your Level:

At the A1 level, you don't need to use the word 'सेवानिवृत्त' (sevanivritt) very often because it is quite long and formal. Instead, you might learn the concept of retirement. For an A1 learner, think of this word as a way to describe a grandfather or grandmother who no longer goes to an office. You can simply remember it means 'retired.' In very simple sentences, you might see it like 'My father is retired.' Even at this stage, recognizing the word in a formal introduction is helpful. It sounds like 'say-wa-ni-vrit.' Most people at this level will use the English word 'retired' while speaking Hindi, which is perfectly okay! Just know that when you see this long word starting with 'Seva' (service), it refers to someone who has finished their working years.

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At the A2 level, you are beginning to talk about family and professions in more detail. You might want to say, 'My grandfather was a teacher, but now he is retired.' This is where 'सेवानिवृत्त' (sevanivritt) comes in. It is an adjective. You use it with the verb 'होना' (to be). For example, 'वह सेवानिवृत्त हैं' (He is retired). You should start noticing that this word is made of 'Seva' (service). If you know 'Seva' means work or service, it becomes easier to remember. You will see this word on official forms or in news stories about old people. At this level, focus on the spelling and the fact that it is a formal word. Practice saying 'सेवानिवृत्त' slowly: Se-va-ni-vrit. It helps you sound more polite when talking about elders.

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At the B1 level, you are expected to handle more formal situations and understand newspaper headlines. 'सेवानिवृत्त' (sevanivritt) is a key B1 word because it appears in news, government documents, and formal letters. You should be able to use it as an adjective to describe nouns, like 'सेवानिवृत्त कर्मचारी' (retired employee). You should also understand the difference between the adjective 'सेवानिवृत्त' and the noun 'सेवानिवृत्ति' (retirement). At this level, you should be comfortable using it in sentences like 'He retired after 30 years of service.' You are also learning that Hindi uses many Sanskrit words for formal things, and this is a perfect example. You can now compare it to the English loanword 'retire' and know when to use which one.

At the B2 level, you should use 'सेवानिवृत्त' (sevanivritt) fluently in formal contexts. You understand that this word is a 'Tatsam' word (derived directly from Sanskrit) and carries a certain level of dignity. You can use it in complex sentences, such as 'The government has announced new benefits for retired soldiers.' You should also be aware of synonyms like 'अवकाश प्राप्त' (avkash prapt) and understand that they are often interchangeable in administrative Hindi. Your pronunciation should be clear, capturing the 'vrit' sound accurately. You might also start using it metaphorically or in more nuanced discussions about the social status of retired individuals in India, including the transition from professional life to social service.

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At the C1 level, you have a deep understanding of the word's etymology and its place in the Hindi register hierarchy. You can distinguish between 'सेवानिवृत्त' (retired from a job), 'सेवा-मुक्त' (relieved from duty), and 'पदमुक्त' (removed from a post). You use 'सेवानिवृत्त' in academic writing, legal contexts, or high-level journalism without hesitation. You understand the cultural implications of the word in the context of the 'Ashrama' system (stages of life) in Indian philosophy. You can also analyze how the word is used in political discourse, such as debates over 'सेवानिवृत्त' judges taking government positions. Your usage is precise, and you can switch between this and more colloquial terms depending on your audience effortlessly.

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At the C2 level, you master the word 'सेवानिवृत्त' (sevanivritt) in all its stylistic nuances. You can appreciate its use in literature to signify not just the end of a job, but a philosophical withdrawal from worldly duties. You are capable of using the word in legal drafting or high-level policy papers regarding social security. You understand the historical evolution of the term and how it replaced older Persian-influenced terms in official Indian Hindi. You can use the word in puns, sophisticated metaphors, or when giving a formal valedictory speech. For you, the word is a tool to convey respect, finality, and the transition of a citizen's role within the state apparatus.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

सेवानिवृत्त 30秒で

सेवानिवृत्त means 'retired' in formal Hindi.
It is a compound of 'Seva' (service) and 'Nivritt' (withdrawn).
Used mainly for government, military, and professional contexts.
Often used with the verb 'होना' (to be/become).

The Hindi word सेवानिवृत्त (pronounced: say-wa-ni-vrit) is a formal, high-register adjective used to describe someone who has retired from their professional life, typically due to reaching a certain age or completing a specific tenure of service. Linguistically, it is a compound of two Sanskrit-derived words: Seva (सेवा), meaning 'service' or 'work,' and Nivritt (निवृत्त), meaning 'withdrawn,' 'freed,' or 'finished.' Therefore, the literal meaning is 'one who has withdrawn from service.'

In everyday Indian society, while many people use the English loanword 'retire' (रिटायर), सेवानिवृत्त is the standard term used in official documentation, government communications, journalism, and formal introductions. It carries a sense of respect and accomplishment, acknowledging a long career successfully completed. You will encounter this word most frequently when discussing government employees, military officers, or professors.

Register: Formal / Official (Tatsam word)
Grammatical Category: Adjective (Visheshan)
Common Pairing: Often used with the verb 'हुए' (became) or 'होना' (to be).

वह एक सेवानिवृत्त सेना अधिकारी हैं। (He is a retired army officer.)

Understanding the cultural weight of this word is crucial. In India, retirement is often seen as a transition into a new phase of life called Sanyasa or a time for social service and family. When you call someone सेवानिवृत्त, you are not just saying they are old; you are acknowledging their contribution to society through their years of labor. It is a term of dignity.

मेरे पिता पिछले महीने बैंक से सेवानिवृत्त हुए। (My father retired from the bank last month.)

The term is also gender-neutral in its form as an adjective, though the following verb will change based on gender. For example, 'वह सेवानिवृत्त हुई' (She retired) vs 'वह सेवानिवृत्त हुए' (He retired - using the honorific plural). In written Hindi, you will see this word in headlines such as 'सेवानिवृत्त कर्मचारियों के लिए नई योजना' (New scheme for retired employees).

Synonym: अवकाश प्राप्त (Avkash Prapt) - Literally 'received leave'.

Using सेवानिवृत्त correctly requires understanding how it fits into the sentence structure, usually acting as a predicate adjective or an attributive adjective modifying a noun. Because it is a formal word, the sentences surrounding it often employ formal grammar and honorifics.

हमारे स्कूल के सेवानिवृत्त प्रधानाचार्य आज अतिथि हैं। (The retired principal of our school is the guest today.)

In this example, the word acts as an attributive adjective modifying 'प्रधानाचार्य' (principal). Notice how the word doesn't change its ending regardless of the case; it remains सेवानिवृत्त. This is a characteristic of many Sanskrit-derived adjectives in Hindi.

When describing the act of retiring, we use the light verb 'होना' (to be/become). For example, 'होना' becomes 'हुए' (past masculine honorific) or 'हुईं' (past feminine honorific).

Sentence Pattern 1: [Person] + [Organization/Source] + से + सेवानिवृत्त + हुए। (Person retired from Organization.)

श्रीमती वर्मा रेलवे से सेवानिवृत्त हुई हैं। (Mrs. Verma has retired from the Railways.)

Another common usage is in the context of benefits or status. For instance, 'सेवानिवृत्त वेतन' (retired salary) is a formal way to say pension, though 'पेंशन' is more common. You might also hear 'सेवानिवृत्ति' (Sevanivritti), which is the noun form meaning 'retirement' itself. Be careful not to confuse the adjective with the noun.

क्या आप एक सेवानिवृत्त जीवन का आनंद ले रहे हैं? (Are you enjoying a retired life?)

You are likely to encounter सेवानिवृत्त in specific professional and social environments. It is not a word you would typically use while chatting with friends at a cafe, but it is the 'correct' word for many situations.

News and Media: News anchors will use this word when reporting on former judges, generals, or politicians. For example: 'सेवानिवृत्त न्यायमूर्ति ने बयान दिया...' (The retired justice gave a statement...).
Government Offices: Forms for pensions, health schemes (like CGHS), or bank accounts often have a checkbox for 'सेवानिवृत्त' status.
Formal Introductions: At a wedding or a formal dinner, when someone is introduced, their former rank is often preceded by this word to show respect for their history.

आकाशवाणी समाचार: सेवानिवृत्त शिक्षकों को सम्मानित किया गया। (All India Radio News: Retired teachers were honored.)

In literature and formal essays, the word is used to evoke a sense of transition. It describes a stage of life where one is free from the 'bonds of service' (seva-bandhan). In many Indian languages like Marathi, Gujarati, and Bengali, variants of this Sanskrit root are used, making it a very recognizable word across the Indian subcontinent for educated speakers.

For English speakers learning Hindi, the most common mistake is mispronunciation and confusing the adjective with the noun. Here are the pitfalls to avoid:

Confusion with 'Sevanivritti' (सेवानिवृत्ति): Learners often use the noun (retirement) when they mean the adjective (retired). Remember: Sevanivritt is the person's status; Sevanivritti is the event.
The 'Vritt' vs. 'Vrit' Sound: The end of the word has a specific Sanskrit 'ri' (ऋ) vowel followed by a double 't' sound. It is not 'vrat' (which means a fast) but 'vritt' (with a short 'i' sound).
Using it for Resignation: Do not use this word if someone quit their job early. Use 'इस्तीफा' (istifa - resignation) instead. सेवानिवृत्त implies completing the full term of service.

Incorrect: वह सेवानिवृत्ति है। (He is retirement.)
Correct: वह सेवानिवृत्त हैं। (He is retired.)

Another mistake is overusing the word in informal settings. If you are talking to a friend about their dad, saying सेवानिवृत्त might sound a bit too stiff or like you are reading from a textbook. In casual speech, it is better to say 'रिटायर हो गए' (have retired).

सावधान: सेवानिवृत्त का प्रयोग केवल नौकरी के संदर्भ में करें, खेल या शौक के लिए नहीं। (Caution: Use 'retired' only in the context of a job, not for sports or hobbies in formal Hindi.)

While सेवानिवृत्त is the gold standard for formal Hindi, there are several alternatives depending on the context and the level of formality you wish to achieve.

अवकाश प्राप्त (Avkash Prapt): Literally 'one who has obtained leave.' This is also very formal and frequently used in government circles. It is almost a direct synonym for सेवानिवृत्त.
रिटायर्ड (Retired): The English loanword. Used by 90% of Hindi speakers in daily conversation. It's safe, easy, and universally understood.
सेवा-मुक्त (Seva-mukt): Meaning 'freed from service.' This can sometimes have a slightly different connotation, occasionally used when someone is relieved of their duties before the official retirement age, though it can also mean retired.

Comparison Table:

Word	Context	Vibe
सेवानिवृत्त	Official / Formal	Respectful
रिटायर्ड	Casual / Daily	Neutral
अवकाश प्राप्त	Administrative	Bureaucratic

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

The root word 'Nivritt' is the opposite of 'Pravritt' (engaged in action). In ancient Indian philosophy, 'Nivritti' is the path of renouncing worldly actions for spiritual liberation.

発音ガイド

UK /seːʋɑːnɪʋrɪt̪/

US /seɪvɑːnɪvrɪt/

The stress is slightly on the second syllable 'va' and the last syllable 'vritt'.

韻が合う語

निवृत्त (Nivritt) प्रवृत्त (Pravritt) वृत्त (Vritt) धृत (Dhrit) कृत (Krit) स्मृत (Smrit) भृत (Bhrit) हृत (Hrit)

よくある間違い

Saying 'vrat' instead of 'vritt'.
Confusing 'ni' with 'nee'.
Skipping the 'v' sound in 'vritt'.
Adding an 'a' at the end (sevanivritta).
Pronouncing 'seva' as 'seba'.

難易度

読解 3/5

Recognizing the compound word is easy once you know 'Seva'.

ライティング 4/5

The conjunct 'vritt' (वृत्त) can be tricky for beginners to spell.

スピーキング 4/5

The Sanskrit 'ri' vowel is often mispronounced.

リスニング 3/5

Clear and distinct in formal speech.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

सेवा (Service) काम (Work) बूढ़ा (Old) अधिकारी (Officer) होना (To be)

次に学ぶ

पेंशन (Pension) वरिष्ठ (Senior) सम्मान (Respect) अनुभव (Experience) इस्तीफा (Resignation)

上級

अधिवर्षिता (Superannuation) पदोन्नति (Promotion) स्थानांतरण (Transfer) निलंबन (Suspension) नियुक्ति (Appointment)

知っておくべき文法

Tatsam Adjectives

सेवानिवृत्त (Does not change form like 'kaala' to 'kaali').

Honorific Plural

वे सेवानिवृत्त हुए (Using 'hue' instead of 'hua' for respect).

Noun vs Adjective

सेवानिवृत्ति (Noun) vs सेवानिवृत्त (Adjective).

Postposition 'Se'

बैंक से सेवानिवृत्त (Retired from the bank).

Compound Nouns

सेवानिवृत्त कर्मचारी (Retired employee).

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レベル別の例文

मेरे दादाजी सेवानिवृत्त हैं।

My grandfather is retired.

Simple subject + adjective + verb 'hai'.

क्या आप सेवानिवृत्त हैं?

Are you retired?

Interrogative sentence using the adjective.

वह एक सेवानिवृत्त शिक्षक हैं।

He is a retired teacher.

Adjective modifying the noun 'shikshak'.

मेरी दादी पिछले साल सेवानिवृत्त हुईं।

My grandmother retired last year.

Feminine past tense 'hui' (retired).

वह अब सेवानिवृत्त जीवन जी रहे हैं।

He is now living a retired life.

Adjective modifying 'jeevan' (life).

सेवानिवृत्त लोग यहाँ बैठते हैं।

Retired people sit here.

Plural subject.

मेरे पिता पुलिस से सेवानिवृत्त हुए।

My father retired from the police.

Using 'se' (from) to show the source.

क्या वह सेवानिवृत्त नर्स हैं?

Is she a retired nurse?

Feminine adjective usage.

वह सेना से सेवानिवृत्त अधिकारी हैं।

He is a retired officer from the army.

Specifying the department.

सेवानिवृत्त होने के बाद वे गाँव चले गए।

After retiring, they moved to the village.

Using 'hone ke baad' (after becoming).

मेरे चाचा बैंक से सेवानिवृत्त हुए हैं।

My uncle has retired from the bank.

Present perfect tense.

वह एक सेवानिवृत्त डॉक्टर हैं और अब मुफ्त इलाज करते हैं।

He is a retired doctor and now provides free treatment.

Compound sentence.

सेवानिवृत्त कर्मचारियों को पेंशन मिलती है।

Retired employees get a pension.

Plural adjective usage.

क्या आपकी माताजी सेवानिवृत्त हो चुकी हैं?

Has your mother already retired?

Using 'ho chuki' for completed action.

वह एक बहुत सम्मानित सेवानिवृत्त प्रोफेसर हैं।

He is a very respected retired professor.

Adding more adjectives.

सेवानिवृत्त होने पर उन्हें एक घड़ी मिली।

He got a watch upon retiring.

Using 'par' for 'upon'.

सरकार ने सेवानिवृत्त सैनिकों के लिए नई योजना शुरू की है।

The government has started a new scheme for retired soldiers.

Formal administrative context.

सेवानिवृत्त होने के बाद भी वह बहुत व्यस्त रहते हैं।

Even after retiring, he remains very busy.

Use of 'bhi' (even/also).

क्या सेवानिवृत्त लोगों को टैक्स में छूट मिलती है?

Do retired people get tax exemptions?

Inquiry about benefits.

वह साठ वर्ष की आयु में सेवानिवृत्त हुए।

He retired at the age of sixty.

Specifying age.

सेवानिवृत्त प्रधानाचार्य को विदाई पार्टी दी गई।

A farewell party was given to the retired principal.

Passive construction.

हमें अपने सेवानिवृत्त बुजुर्गों का सम्मान करना चाहिए।

We should respect our retired elders.

Modal verb 'chahie' (should).

वह एक सेवानिवृत्त वैज्ञानिक हैं जिन्होंने कई शोध किए हैं।

He is a retired scientist who has conducted many researches.

Relative clause 'jinhone'.

सेवानिवृत्त होने की प्रक्रिया काफी लंबी थी।

The process of retiring was quite long.

Using adjective in a noun-phrase context.

सेवानिवृत्त न्यायाधीश को जांच समिति का अध्यक्ष बनाया गया।

The retired judge was made the chairman of the inquiry committee.

High formal register.

कई सेवानिवृत्त अधिकारी अब राजनीति में शामिल हो रहे हैं।

Many retired officers are now joining politics.

Social observation.

सेवानिवृत्त जीवन की चुनौतियों पर एक सेमिनार आयोजित किया गया।

A seminar was organized on the challenges of retired life.

Abstract noun usage.

वह रेलवे से सेवानिवृत्त होने के बाद सामाजिक कार्य कर रहे हैं।

After retiring from the Railways, he is doing social work.

Continuous tense.

सेवानिवृत्त कर्मचारियों के संघ ने विरोध प्रदर्शन किया।

The association of retired employees held a protest.

Collective noun 'sangh' (association).

उनकी पत्नी भी एक सेवानिवृत्त सरकारी कर्मचारी हैं।

His wife is also a retired government employee.

Specifying 'sarkari' (government).

सेवानिवृत्त होने के तुरंत बाद उन्होंने अपनी आत्मकथा लिखी।

Immediately after retiring, he wrote his autobiography.

Adverbial phrase 'turant baad'.

क्या सेवानिवृत्त लोगों के लिए रेल टिकट में रियायत है?

Is there a concession in train tickets for retired people?

Travel context.

सेवानिवृत्त होने के पश्चात व्यक्ति को मानसिक रूप से सक्रिय रहना चाहिए।

After retiring, a person should remain mentally active.

Use of 'pashchat' (formal 'after').

यह लेख सेवानिवृत्त नौकरशाहों के अनुभवों पर आधारित है।

This article is based on the experiences of retired bureaucrats.

Academic register.

सेवानिवृत्त कर्मियों की विशेषज्ञता का लाभ राष्ट्र को मिलना चाहिए।

The nation should benefit from the expertise of retired personnel.

Formal vocabulary like 'visheshagya' (expertise).

वह एक सेवानिवृत्त कर्नल हैं जिन्होंने तीन युद्धों में भाग लिया।

He is a retired colonel who participated in three wars.

Historical reference.

सेवानिवृत्त होने की आयु सीमा बढ़ाने पर बहस चल रही है।

A debate is ongoing about increasing the retirement age limit.

Complex noun phrase.

सेवानिवृत्त जीवन का अर्थ केवल आराम करना नहीं है।

Retired life does not mean only resting.

Philosophical statement.

कई सेवानिवृत्त इंजीनियर इस परियोजना में सलाहकार के रूप में जुड़े हैं।

Many retired engineers are associated with this project as consultants.

Professional context.

सेवानिवृत्त होने वाले अधिकारियों के लिए विदाई समारोह आयोजित किया गया।

A farewell ceremony was organized for the officers who are about to retire.

Future participle 'hone wale'.

सेवानिवृत्त होने के उपरांत, उन्होंने स्वयं को अध्यात्म के प्रति समर्पित कर दिया।

Subsequent to retirement, he dedicated himself to spirituality.

Very formal 'uprant' (after).

सेवानिवृत्त न्यायाधीशों की नियुक्ति पर संवैधानिक प्रश्न उठाए गए हैं।

Constitutional questions have been raised regarding the appointment of retired judges.

Legal/Political register.

सेवानिवृत्त जीवन की रिक्तता को भरने के लिए रचनात्मकता अनिवार्य है।

Creativity is essential to fill the void of retired life.

Abstract philosophical vocabulary.

यह नीति सेवानिवृत्त रक्षा कर्मियों के कल्याण हेतु बनाई गई है।

This policy has been formulated for the welfare of retired defense personnel.

Use of 'hetu' (for the purpose of).

सेवानिवृत्त होने के बाद भी उनकी बौद्धिक क्षमता में कोई कमी नहीं आई।

Even after retiring, there was no decline in his intellectual capacity.

Intellectual discussion.

सेवानिवृत्त नौकरशाही के प्रभाव पर एक विस्तृत शोध पत्र प्रस्तुत किया गया।

A detailed research paper on the influence of retired bureaucracy was presented.

Academic research context.

सेवानिवृत्त होने की दहलीज पर खड़े कर्मचारियों में मिश्रित भावनाएं थीं।

Employees standing on the threshold of retirement had mixed emotions.

Metaphorical 'dahleez' (threshold).

सेवानिवृत्त जीवन के सामाजिक-आर्थिक पहलुओं का विश्लेषण करना आवश्यक है।

It is necessary to analyze the socio-economic aspects of retired life.

Compound words like 'samajik-arthik'.

類義語

अवकाश प्राप्त रिटायर्ड सेवा-मुक्त निवृत्त पेंशनभोगी पदमुक्त काम से मुक्त फ्री

反対語

कार्यरत नियुक्त सेवारत नौकरीपेशा

よく使う組み合わせ

सेवानिवृत्त कर्मचारी

सेवानिवृत्त अधिकारी

सेवानिवृत्त न्यायाधीश

सेवानिवृत्त शिक्षक

सेवानिवृत्त जीवन

सेवानिवृत्त होना

सेवानिवृत्त वेतन

सेवानिवृत्त सैनिक

सेवानिवृत्त लाभ

सेवानिवृत्त आयु

よく使うフレーズ

सेवानिवृत्त होने के बाद

— After retiring. Used to talk about future plans.

सेवानिवृत्त होने के बाद मैं यात्रा करूँगा।

से सेवानिवृत्त

— Retired from. Used to specify the organization.

वह बैंक से सेवानिवृत्त हुए।

सम्मानजनक सेवानिवृत्त

— Honorable retirement. Used for a clean career end.

उनकी सेवानिवृत्त बहुत सम्मानजनक रही।

समयपूर्व सेवानिवृत्त

— Premature/Early retirement.

उन्होंने समयपूर्व सेवानिवृत्त होने का फैसला किया।

स्वैच्छिक सेवानिवृत्त

— Voluntary retirement (VRS).

कंपनी ने स्वैच्छिक सेवानिवृत्त योजना दी।

सेवानिवृत्त होने की दहलीज

— On the verge of retirement.

वह सेवानिवृत्त होने की दहलीज पर हैं।

सेवानिवृत्त के उपरांत

— Post-retirement (very formal).

सेवानिवृत्त के उपरांत वे शहर छोड़ देंगे।

सेवानिवृत्त का दर्जा

— Status of being retired.

उन्हें सेवानिवृत्त का दर्जा मिला है।

सेवानिवृत्त होने वाला

— One who is about to retire.

अगले महीने सेवानिवृत्त होने वाले लोग।

सेवानिवृत्त की घोषणा

— Announcement of retirement.

उन्होंने अपनी सेवानिवृत्त की घोषणा की।

よく混同される語

सेवानिवृत्त vs सेवानिवृत्ति

This is the noun 'retirement'. Don't say 'He is retirement'.

सेवानिवृत्त vs सेवा-मुक्त

Can mean fired or resigned, not just retired due to age.

सेवानिवृत्त vs वृद्ध

Means 'old'. A retired person is usually old, but 'retired' is about the job status.

慣用句と表現

"घोड़े बेचकर सोना"

— To sleep soundly without worries. Often used for retired people.

सेवानिवृत्त होने के बाद वे घोड़े बेचकर सो रहे हैं।

Informal

"दूसरी पारी"

— Second innings. Refers to a new career or hobby after retirement.

सेवानिवृत्त के बाद उनकी दूसरी पारी शुरू हुई।

Neutral

"आराम की बंसी बजाना"

— To live a life of leisure and ease.

अब तो वो सेवानिवृत्त हैं, आराम की बंसी बजा रहे हैं।

Informal

"हाथ धो बैठना"

— Sometimes used when someone is forced to retire (lose job).

वे अपनी नौकरी से हाथ धो बैठे और सेवानिवृत्त हो गए।

Colloquial

"सेवा का फल"

— The fruit of service. Refers to pension/peace after retiring.

पेंशन उनके लिए सेवा का फल है।

Formal

"चैन की साँस लेना"

— To breathe a sigh of relief. Used for the peace after retirement.

सेवानिवृत्त होकर उन्होंने चैन की साँस ली।

Common

"पगड़ी उतारना"

— Metaphorically leaving the post/rank.

उन्होंने अपनी सेवानिवृत्त पर पगड़ी उतार दी।

Literary

"नई सुबह"

— A new morning. Symbolizing a fresh start after retiring.

सेवानिवृत्त उनके लिए एक नई सुबह है।

Poetic

"कलम छोड़ना"

— To stop writing/working. Used for writers/clerks retiring.

मशहूर लेखक ने आज कलम छोड़ दी (सेवानिवृत्त हुए)।

Literary

"घर बैठना"

— To stay at home. A simple way to say someone is retired.

अब वे सेवानिवृत्त होकर घर बैठ गए हैं।

Informal

間違えやすい

सेवानिवृत्त vs इस्तीफा

Both involve leaving a job.

Istifa is resignation (voluntary/any age); Sevanivritt is retirement (usually age-based).

उसने इस्तीफा दे दिया (He resigned) vs वह सेवानिवृत्त हुए (He retired).

सेवानिवृत्त vs निलंबन

Involves stopping work.

Nilamban is suspension (temporary/punishment); Sevanivritt is final and honorable.

अधिकारी का निलंबन हुआ।

सेवानिवृत्त vs छुट्टी

Not working.

Chutti is a short break (vacation); Sevanivritt is a permanent end to the career.

मैं आज छुट्टी पर हूँ।

सेवानिवृत्त vs बेरोजगार

Not having a job.

Berozgar is unemployed (looking for work); Sevanivritt is retired (finished work).

वह बेरोजगार है।

सेवानिवृत्त vs त्यागपत्र

Leaving service.

Tyagpatra is the formal letter of resignation.

उसने अपना त्यागपत्र सौंप दिया।

文型パターン

मैं सेवानिवृत्त हूँ।

I am retired.

वह [Place] से सेवानिवृत्त हुए।

He retired from [Place].

सेवानिवृत्त होने के बाद, मैं [Action] करूँगा।

After retiring, I will [Action].

सरकार [Noun] सेवानिवृत्त लोगों को देती है।

Government gives [Noun] to retired people.

सेवानिवृत्त होने के उपरांत की चुनौतियां...

The challenges subsequent to retirement...

सेवानिवृत्त नौकरशाही का सामाजिक प्रभाव...

The social impact of retired bureaucracy...

क्या आप एक सेवानिवृत्त [Job] हैं?

Are you a retired [Job]?

मेरे पिता सेवानिवृत्त हैं।

My father is retired.

語族

名詞

सेवानिवृत्ति (Retirement)

सेवा (Service)

निवृत्ति (Cessation/Withdrawal)

動詞

सेवानिवृत्त होना (To retire - intransitive)

सेवानिवृत्त करना (To retire someone - transitive)

形容詞

सेवानिवृत्त (Retired)

सेवा-मुक्त (Relieved from service)

使い方

frequency

Common in formal speech and writing; rare in casual slang.

よくある間違い

वह सेवानिवृत्ति है। → वह सेवानिवृत्त है।
Don't use the noun 'retirement' to describe a person.
Sevanivrat → Sevanivritt
The vowel is 'i', not 'a'.
मैं सेवानिवृत्त किया। → मैं सेवानिवृत्त हुआ।
Use 'hua' (became) for yourself, not 'kiya' (did).
सेवानिवृत्त बुड्ढा → सेवानिवृत्त बुजुर्ग
'Buddhha' is rude; 'Buzurg' is respectful.
Use for quitting a hobby. → Use only for jobs.
In Hindi, this word is strictly professional.

ヒント

The 'Vrit' sound

Practice the 'vrit' sound like 'v-rit'. It's a short, sharp sound.

Verb Agreement

Always pair it with 'होना' (to be/become) to make it a verb phrase.

Respect

Use this word when talking to or about elders to show you are well-mannered.

Official Forms

If you see this on a form, it's asking if you are retired.

Spelling

Remember the dot (anusvar) is not used here; it's 'ni' not 'nin'.

Casual vs Formal

Don't be afraid to use 'retired' in casual talk; 'sevanivritt' is for formal times.

News Clues

When you hear 'Purva' (former) and 'Sevanivritt', they are talking about a retired person.

Service Exit

Seva (Service) + Exit (Nivritt) = Retired.

Army Context

Very common in the army. 'Retired Major' is 'सेवानिवृत्त मेजर'.

Root words

Learning 'Nivritt' will help you understand words like 'Nivritti' (detachment).

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of 'Seva' (Service) + 'No-Work' (Nivritt). When the 'Seva' is 'No-Work,' you are 'Sevanivritt.'

視覚的連想

Imagine a man hanging up his 'Seva' (uniform) and walking away (Nivritt) into a sunset.

Word Web

Service Pension Old Age Grandfather Government Army Teacher Farewell

チャレンジ

Try to use 'सेवानिवृत्त' in a sentence about your favorite teacher from school who has now stopped working.

語源

Derived from Sanskrit. It is a 'Tatsam' word, meaning it has been taken into Hindi directly from Sanskrit without phonetic changes.

元の意味： Seva (service) + Nivritt (returned/withdrawn/stopped).

Indo-Aryan / Sanskrit.

文化的な背景

Always use the honorific plural (हैं/हुए) when talking about a सेवानिवृत्त person to show respect for their age.

While English speakers just say 'retired,' Hindi speakers use this formal word to show high respect, especially for government roles.

Used in the 'Pension Rules' of the Government of India. Commonly heard in Doordarshan news broadcasts. Found in many Hindi novels describing the lives of middle-class families.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Government Service

पेंशन के कागजात
सेवानिवृत्त लाभ
सेवा का अंत
अंतिम वेतन

Family Discussions

दादाजी की सेवानिवृत्त
घर पर आराम
पेंशन की रकम
नया शौक

News Reporting

पूर्व न्यायाधीश
सेवानिवृत्त जनरल
बयान जारी किया
सम्मानित किया

Bank/Finance

सेवानिवृत्त खाता
बचत योजना
वरिष्ठ नागरिक ब्याज
नामांकन

Healthcare

सेवानिवृत्त योजना
स्वास्थ्य कार्ड
मुफ्त जाँच
दवाओं पर छूट

会話のきっかけ

"क्या आपके परिवार में कोई सेवानिवृत्त है?"

"सेवानिवृत्त होने के बाद आपकी क्या योजनाएं हैं?"

"क्या आपको लगता है कि सेवानिवृत्त होने की आयु बढ़ानी चाहिए?"

"आपके देश में सेवानिवृत्त लोगों को क्या सुविधाएं मिलती हैं?"

"एक सेवानिवृत्त जीवन जीने के लिए क्या सबसे जरूरी है?"

日記のテーマ

कल्पना कीजिए कि आप सेवानिवृत्त हो चुके हैं। आपका दिन कैसा होगा?

सेवानिवृत्त होने के लाभ और हानियों के बारे में लिखें।

अपने किसी सेवानिवृत्त रिश्तेदार के बारे में एक लेख लिखें।

क्या सेवानिवृत्त होना जीवन का सबसे खुशी का पल है? अपने विचार दें।

अगर आपको कल सेवानिवृत्त होना हो, तो आप अपना अंतिम दिन कैसे बिताएंगे?

よくある質問

10 問

रिटायर is an English loanword used in casual Hindi. सेवानिवृत्त is the formal Sanskrit-derived word used in official contexts. Both mean retired.

Yes, it is an adjective and doesn't change form. However, the verb changes: 'वह सेवानिवृत्त हुई' (She retired).

In formal Hindi, yes, but often 'संन्यास लेना' (taking sanyas/retirement from sports) is used for athletes.

Yes, it is very respectful. It acknowledges a person's years of service.

Sevanivritt or Sevanivritta.

The opposite is 'कार्यरत' (working) or 'सेवारत' (in service).

Yes: 'मैं अगले महीने सेवानिवृत्त हो रहा हूँ।'

The root words 'Seva' and 'Nivritt' are common in many Indian languages like Marathi and Gujarati.

Usually, yes, as retirement happens at a certain age, but the word itself focuses on the job status.

The noun form is 'सेवानिवृत्ति' (Sevanivritti).

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