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B1 conjunction 11分で読める

वरना

varna

練習する例文メモとヒント वरना 30秒で

解説 वरना in your Level:

At the A1 level, think of वरना (varna) as a simple word for 'or.' It is used to connect a command to a result. For example, 'Eat, or you will be hungry.' It helps you give basic instructions. You will mostly hear it from parents or teachers. It is easy to use because it doesn't change its shape—it is always 'varna.' Just put it in the middle of two short sentences. When you want to tell someone to do something quickly so they don't miss something, 'varna' is your best friend. It makes your Hindi sound much more like a real conversation and less like a textbook. Even at this early stage, learning 'varna' helps you understand the logic of 'if this doesn't happen, then that will happen.' It is one of the first conjunctions you should learn after 'and' (aur) and 'but' (lekin).

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At the A2 level, you can start using वरना (varna) to manage daily tasks and social interactions. It is very useful for explaining *why* you are asking someone to do something. Instead of just saying 'Come early,' you can say 'Come early, otherwise the food will get cold.' This shows you are beginning to understand cause and effect in Hindi. You will encounter 'varna' in simple stories, signs, and everyday conversations about travel or shopping. It’s also the word you'll use when bargaining: 'Give me a discount, or else I won't buy it!' At this level, focus on the 'Command + Varna + Future Tense' pattern. This is the most common way to use it. It helps you express urgency and importance in your daily life in an Indian environment.

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At the B1 level, वरना (varna) becomes a tool for more nuanced communication. You are now expected to use it not just for simple threats or commands, but for giving advice, expressing logical outcomes, and managing professional situations. You should be able to distinguish between 'varna' (conversational) and 'anyatha' (formal). You will use 'varna' to describe scenarios: 'We need to finish this project today, otherwise the client will be unhappy.' You are also learning to recognize its use in Hindi movies and songs, where it often adds drama. At this stage, you should also be careful not to confuse it with 'baaki' (otherwise in other respects). Your sentences are getting longer, and 'varna' helps you link those longer ideas together smoothly. It is a key word for reaching 'threshold' fluency.

At the B2 level, you should use वरना (varna) with total confidence in both spoken and informal written Hindi. You understand its Persian roots and how it fits into the broader spectrum of Hindustani. You can use it to build complex arguments where you present a preferred path and then use 'varna' to illustrate the negative consequences of the alternative. You are also aware of the cultural implications—how 'varna' can sound aggressive if not tempered with the right tone or polite verb endings (like 'kijiye' instead of 'karo'). You can follow rapid dialogues in films where 'varna' is used in idiomatic ways. You also begin to see how 'varna' functions in conditional reasoning that involves hypothetical situations in the past or future, often pairing it with different moods of the verb.

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At the C1 level, you have a sophisticated grasp of वरना (varna) and its stylistic alternatives. You can effortlessly switch between 'varna,' 'anyatha,' and 'nahin to' depending on your audience and the medium of communication. You might use 'varna' in a speech to add a punchy, rhetorical effect. You are also able to identify the subtle difference between 'varna' and the literary 'varan' (but rather), ensuring you never mix them up in high-level writing. You understand how 'varna' is used in classical Bollywood scripts to create tension and can even use it in your own creative writing or debating to emphasize a point. Your use of the word is no longer just about grammar; it's about style, rhythm, and rhetorical strategy in the Hindi language.

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At the C2 level, वरना (varna) is part of your intuitive linguistic repertoire. You understand its deep etymological connection to Persian 'wa-gar-na' and how its usage has evolved in modern Hindi-Urdu. You can analyze its use in complex legal or philosophical texts where it might be replaced by 'anyatha' for precision, and you can appreciate its rhythmic role in poetry. You use it with a native-like sense of timing and prosody. You are capable of teaching the nuances of this word to others, explaining not just the 'what' but the 'why' and the 'how' of its social and psychological impact in a conversation. You can use it to navigate the most delicate social situations, knowing exactly when a 'varna' will provide the necessary weight and when it should be avoided to maintain 'lihaaz' (etiquette).

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練習する例文メモとヒント

वरना 30秒で

Varna is a Hindi conjunction meaning 'otherwise' or 'or else,' used to show consequences.
It is of Persian origin and is extremely common in both spoken and informal written Hindi.
Structurally, it sits between a command or advice and its potential negative outcome.
It is a less formal synonym for 'anyatha' and a more direct alternative to 'nahin to'.

The Hindi word वरना (varna) is a powerful and versatile conjunction that translates primarily to 'otherwise' or 'or else' in English. At its core, it functions as a logical bridge between two clauses where the second clause describes a negative consequence, a different outcome, or a necessary alternative that will occur if the condition in the first clause is not met. It is an essential tool for expressing warnings, giving advice, setting conditions, and describing logical flow in daily Hindi conversation. Linguistically, it belongs to the category of 'disjunctive conjunctions,' though it specifically focuses on the 'if-not' scenario.

Grammatical Role: It acts as a coordinating conjunction, usually placed at the beginning of the second clause to signal a shift toward the consequence.

People use 'varna' in a wide range of emotional registers. In a neutral or helpful register, it is used to provide friendly advice, such as 'Take an umbrella, otherwise you will get wet.' In a more authoritative or assertive register, it is used to issue ultimatums or threats, a staple of dramatic Bollywood dialogues where a hero might say, 'Leave this city, or else...' The word is deeply embedded in the Persian-influenced vocabulary of Hindustani, making it sound slightly more colloquial and natural in spoken Hindi than its highly formal Sanskrit counterpart, 'anyatha.'

चुप हो जाओ वरना मम्मी डाँटेंगी। (Chup ho jao varna mummy dantengi.)

This sentence translates to 'Be quiet, or else mom will scold you.' Here, 'varna' creates a clear causal link between the lack of silence and the inevitable scolding. Understanding 'varna' is crucial for B1 learners because it allows for the construction of complex sentences that go beyond simple statements of fact, moving into the realm of conditional logic and social interaction. It is a word that carries social weight; the way you use it can define your relationship with the listener—whether you are being a protective friend or a demanding boss.

मेहनत करो वरना फेल हो जाओगे। (Mehnat karo varna fail ho jaoge.)

In this educational context, it serves as a motivator. The word is ubiquitous in Indian markets during bargaining: 'Give it to me for 100 rupees, otherwise I am going to the next shop.' This practical application makes it one of the most high-frequency conjunctions in the language.

Social Context: In South Asian culture, where communication is often high-context, 'varna' can sometimes be softened with a polite tone to avoid sounding too aggressive, or sharpened to show serious intent.

समय पर पहुँचो वरना ट्रेन छूट जाएगी। (Samay par pahuncho varna train chhoot jayegi.)

This illustrates its use in logistical coordination. Without 'varna,' the speaker would have to use two separate, less connected sentences, losing the sense of urgency. In summary, 'varna' is the linguistic glue for consequences, threats, and logical alternatives in Hindi.

Using वरना (varna) correctly requires an understanding of sentence structure and the relationship between two distinct actions or states. Structurally, it is quite simple: [Clause A] + वरना + [Clause B]. Clause A is usually an imperative (a command), a suggestion, or a statement of a current requirement. Clause B is the result that will occur if Clause A is ignored or not fulfilled.

Sentence Structure: [Action/Condition] + वरना + [Consequence]. Example: 'जल्दी करो वरना देर हो जाएगी' (Hurry up or else it will be late).

One of the most important things to remember is that 'varna' implies a negative condition. You don't need to repeat the 'if' or 'not' from the first clause because 'varna' inherently contains the meaning 'if [Clause A] does not happen.' For example, instead of saying 'If you don't eat, you will be hungry,' you simply say 'Eat, varna you will be hungry.'

खाना खा लो वरना भूखे रहोगे। (Khana kha lo varna bhookhe rahoge.)

In terms of punctuation, in written Hindi, a comma often precedes 'varna' to provide a breath, much like the comma before 'otherwise' in English. However, in rapid speech, this pause is often minimized. It can be used with different tenses. While Clause A is often in the imperative (present/command), Clause B is frequently in the future tense because it describes a potential outcome.

दवा ले लो वरना बुखार बढ़ जाएगा। (Dawa le lo varna bukhaar badh jayega.)

This means 'Take the medicine, otherwise the fever will increase.' Notice how 'le lo' (take) is a command and 'badh jayega' (will increase) is the future consequence. You can also use 'varna' to present two choices where the second is the only other possibility.

Comparative Usage: Compared to 'anyatha' (formal), 'varna' is the standard choice for conversation, texting, and informal writing.

सच बताओ वरना पुलिस को बुलाना पड़ेगा। (Sach batao varna police ko bulana padega.)

This is a classic 'threat' usage. It is also common to see 'varna' used at the start of a sentence in a dialogue if the first part of the thought was already established or is obvious from the context. For example, if someone is dilly-dallying, a friend might just say, 'Varna hum late ho jayenge!' (Otherwise we will be late!).

टिकट अभी बुक कर लो वरना सीटें नहीं मिलेंगी। (Ticket abhi book kar lo varna seetein nahin milengi.)

This use in planning and logistics is perhaps the most common way B1 learners will encounter the word in professional or travel contexts. By mastering this structure, you gain the ability to express the 'why' behind your requests and instructions.

In the vibrant soundscape of India, वरना (varna) is everywhere—from the high-pitched negotiations of a vegetable market to the dramatic climaxes of Hindi cinema. If you are walking through a busy street in Delhi or Mumbai, you might hear a mother telling her child, 'Idhar aao, varna kho jaoge!' (Come here, or else you'll get lost!). This highlights its role in safety and parental guidance. In the workplace, a manager might say, 'Report shaam tak bhej dena, varna boss gussa honge' (Send the report by evening, otherwise the boss will be angry).

Cinema and Pop Culture: Bollywood is perhaps the biggest propagator of 'varna.' It is the quintessential word for a villain's threat or a hero's warning. It adds a layer of suspense and consequence to the dialogue.

मेरी बात मान लो वरना बुरा होगा। (Meri baat maan lo varna bura hoga.)

This phrase, 'Listen to me or else something bad will happen,' is a common trope. Beyond drama, you hear 'varna' in everyday logical reasoning. Friends debating which restaurant to go to might say, 'Let's go now, varna there will be a long queue.' It’s the word of pragmatism. In the context of sports, coaches use it constantly: 'Tez bhaago varna match haar jayenge' (Run fast or else we will lose the match). The word is also very common in Hindi literature and poetry, though often replaced by more rhythmic alternatives in classical verse. However, in modern prose, it remains the standard.

हेलमेट पहनो वरना चालान कट जाएगा। (Helmet pehno varna challan kat jayega.)

This is something you might hear from a traffic policeman—'Wear a helmet, or else you'll get a fine.' The frequency of this word in public service announcements and safety warnings is high.

Social Media and Texting: In the digital age, 'varna' is often spelled as 'wrna' or 'varna' in Romanized Hindi (Hinglish) texts. It is used to create FOMO (Fear Of Missing Out): 'Jaldi aao varna sab khatam ho jayega!'

सो जाओ वरना सुबह आँख नहीं खुलेगी। (So jao varna subah aankh nahin khulegi.)

This domestic usage—'Go to sleep, otherwise you won't be able to wake up in the morning'—is a sentiment shared in households across India. By paying attention to 'varna' in these various contexts, a learner can grasp the subtle differences between a helpful suggestion and a stern warning, which is key to achieving fluency and cultural competence.

While वरना (varna) is grammatically straightforward, learners often make a few key mistakes in its application and nuance. The most common error is using 'varna' when 'lekin' (but) or 'aur' (and) is intended. Remember, 'varna' must introduce a consequence of *not* doing something. If you are just adding information or showing contrast without a conditional 'if-not' relationship, 'varna' is incorrect.

Confusing with 'Otherwise' as an Adverb: In English, 'otherwise' can mean 'in other respects' (e.g., 'He is a bit loud, but otherwise a nice guy'). In Hindi, 'varna' cannot be used this way. For 'in other respects,' you would use 'baaki' (बाकी).

Incorrect: वह थोड़ा शोर करता है, वरना अच्छा है। (He makes noise, varna he is good.)
Correct: वह थोड़ा शोर करता है, बाकी वह अच्छा है।

Another mistake is using 'varna' and 'nahin to' together in the same sentence. They are synonyms; using both is redundant. For example, saying 'varna nahin to...' is like saying 'otherwise or else...' Learners also sometimes struggle with the tense of the second clause. While the future tense is most common, beginners sometimes use the past tense incorrectly. You cannot say 'varna train chhoot gayi' (otherwise the train left) if you are giving a warning about a future event. It must be 'varna train chhoot jayegi' (otherwise the train will leave).

Incorrect: जल्दी चलो वरना बस गई।
Correct: जल्दी चलो वरना बस निकल जाएगी।

Misjudging the tone is another subtle mistake. Using 'varna' with a superior or an elder in a way that sounds like a threat can be culturally inappropriate. In such cases, using the more formal 'anyatha' or a softer 'nahin to' with a polite verb form is safer.

Register Errors: Using 'varna' in a formal academic essay might feel too 'street.' In formal writing, prefer 'anyatha' (अन्यथा).

Incorrect: पढ़ो वरना पास हो जाओगे। (Study, otherwise you will pass.)
Correct: पढ़ो वरना फेल हो जाओगे। (Study, otherwise you will fail.)

This last example seems obvious, but in the heat of a conversation, learners often mix up their logical outcomes. Always double-check that the second clause represents the 'else' in 'or else.' Finally, avoid confusing 'varna' with 'varna' (the Sanskrit word for color or caste). While spelled the same in Roman script, in Hindi script, they are distinct: वरना (conjunction) vs वर्ण (color/class). In spoken Hindi, the conjunction has a clear 'n' sound while the noun 'varna' (varna) has a retroflex 'ṇ' and a 'r' sound that is more pronounced. Context usually prevents confusion, but it's something to be aware of.

To truly master वरना (varna), it is helpful to understand its synonyms and how they differ in flavor and usage. The most common alternative is नहीं तो (nahin to). While 'varna' is a single word of Persian origin, 'nahin to' is a Hindi phrase literally meaning 'if not, then.' They are almost 100% interchangeable in daily speech, but 'nahin to' can sometimes sound slightly softer or more explanatory, whereas 'varna' can sound more direct or punchy.

Varna vs. Nahin To: 'Varna' is often preferred in dramatic or urgent situations. 'Nahin to' is very common in domestic, casual conversations.

चुप रहो नहीं तो बाहर निकाल दूँगा। (Keep quiet or else I'll throw you out.)

Another important alternative is अन्यथा (anyatha). This is a Sanskrit-derived word that you will find in formal documents, news reports, and high literature. It is the 'official' version of 'otherwise.' If you are writing a formal letter to a government office or a business proposal, 'anyatha' is the better choice. Then there is वरन (varan). Note the lack of the final 'aa' sound. 'Varan' is a very formal literary word that actually means 'but rather' or 'on the contrary.' It is often confused with 'varna' by intermediate learners because of the spelling similarity, but their meanings are quite different.

वह केवल विद्वान ही नहीं, वरन दयालु भी है। (He is not only a scholar, but rather kind too.)

This is a high-level distinction that C1/C2 learners should know. For B1 learners, just focus on not adding that 'aa' sound if you mean 'but rather.' Another word to consider is नहीं तो फिर (nahin to phir), which adds an extra layer of 'then what?' to the consequence, often used in debating options.

Logical Alternatives: Sometimes, instead of 'varna,' speakers use 'agar... nahin' (if... not) to rephrase the sentence. 'Agar tum nahin aaoge, to main jaunga' (If you don't come, then I will go) is the same as 'Aao, varna main jaunga.'

जल्दी फैसला करो वरना मौका हाथ से निकल जाएगा। (Decide quickly, otherwise the opportunity will slip away.)

In this example, using 'anyatha' would make it sound like a legal warning, while 'nahin to' would make it sound like a friendly suggestion. 'Varna' hits the perfect middle ground of urgency. By understanding these shades of meaning, you can choose the right word for the right situation, ensuring your Hindi sounds natural and context-appropriate.

How Formal Is It?

フォーマル

"कृपया समय पर उपस्थित हों वरना आपकी सदस्यता रद्द की जा सकती है।"

ニュートラル

"जल्दी करो वरना हम लेट हो जाएँगे।"

カジュアル

"चल जल्दी, वरना छोड़ दूँगा तुझे।"

Child friendly

"दूध पी लो वरना बड़े नहीं होगे।"

スラング

"पैसे दे दे वरना सीन हो जाएगा।"

豆知識

Despite its Persian roots, 'varna' is so deeply integrated into Hindi that most native speakers don't perceive it as a foreign loanword. It is part of the 'Tadbhava-like' layer of common Hindustani vocabulary.

発音ガイド

UK /ʋəɾ.nɑː/

US /vər.nɑ/

The stress is slightly more on the second syllable 'na' because of the long vowel (aa).

韻が合う語

करना (karna) मरना (marna) डरना (darna) भरना (bharna) चरना (charna) झरना (jharna) तरना (tarna) धरना (dharna)

よくある間違い

Pronouncing it as 'varna' (rhyming with 'burn-a') with a short 'a' at the end. It must be a long 'aa'.
Confusing it with 'varna' (caste/color) which has a retroflex 'n' (ṇ).
Pronouncing the 'v' too harshly like a hard English 'V'.

難易度

読解 2/5

Easy to recognize in text as it is a short, frequent word.

ライティング 3/5

Requires understanding of where to place it between clauses.

スピーキング 2/5

Very easy to slot into sentences once the logic is understood.

リスニング 2/5

Commonly heard in movies and daily life, easy to pick up.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

और (aur) लेकिन (lekin) अगर (agar) नहीं (nahin)

次に学ぶ

अन्यथा (anyatha) बल्कि (balki) ताकि (taaki) चुकी (chunki)

上級

वरन (varan) यद्यपि (yadyapi) तथापि (tathapi)

知っておくべき文法

Coordinating Conjunctions

Varna joins two independent clauses of equal rank.

Conditional Sentences

Varna acts as a shorthand for 'If not X, then Y'.

Future Tense in Consequences

The clause following varna usually takes the future tense.

Imperative Mood

The clause preceding varna is often in the imperative mood.

Ellipsis in Dialogue

The first clause can be omitted if context is clear (e.g., 'Varna main chala jaunga!').

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レベル別の例文

दूध पियो वरना शक्ति नहीं मिलेगी।

Drink milk or else you won't get strength.

Simple command + varna + future consequence.

जल्दी आओ वरना बस छूट जाएगी।

Come fast or else the bus will leave.

Common use with travel.

सो जाओ वरना कल थक जाओगे।

Go to sleep or else you will be tired tomorrow.

Warning about a future state.

खाना खाओ वरना भूख लगेगी।

Eat food or else you will feel hungry.

Basic cause and effect.

छाता लो वरना भीग जाओगे।

Take an umbrella or else you will get wet.

Advice based on weather.

चुप रहो वरना सर गुस्सा करेंगे।

Stay quiet or else the teacher will be angry.

Social consequence in school.

पानी पियो वरना प्यास लगेगी।

Drink water or else you will be thirsty.

Simple biological need.

रुको वरना गिर जाओगे।

Stop or else you will fall.

Immediate physical warning.

हेलमेट पहनो वरना पुलिस पकड़ेगी।

Wear a helmet or else the police will catch you.

Rule-based consequence.

पढ़ाई करो वरना नंबर कम आएँगे।

Study or else marks will be low.

Academic advice.

पैसे बचाओ वरना बाद में दिक्कत होगी।

Save money or else there will be trouble later.

Financial advice.

समय पर निकलो वरना ट्रैफिक मिलेगा।

Leave on time or else you will hit traffic.

Logistical warning.

सच बोलो वरना कोई विश्वास नहीं करेगा।

Speak the truth or else no one will believe you.

Moral/social consequence.

दरवाज़ा बंद करो वरना मच्छर आएँगे।

Close the door or else mosquitoes will come.

Domestic instruction.

फोन चार्ज करो वरना बंद हो जाएगा।

Charge the phone or else it will turn off.

Daily technology use.

साफ कपड़े पहनो वरना बीमारी होगी।

Wear clean clothes or else you will get sick.

Health-related advice.

मेहनत करो वरना प्रमोशन नहीं मिलेगा।

Work hard or else you won't get a promotion.

Professional context.

टिकट बुक कर लो वरना दाम बढ़ जाएँगे।

Book the ticket or else the prices will increase.

Economic consequence.

व्यायाम करो वरना सेहत बिगड़ जाएगी।

Exercise or else your health will deteriorate.

Health and lifestyle advice.

मुझसे बात करो वरना मैं चला जाऊँगा।

Talk to me or else I will leave.

Interpersonal ultimatum.

नियमों का पालन करें वरना जुर्माना होगा।

Follow the rules or else there will be a fine.

Formal/Public instruction.

रास्ता याद रखो वरना भटक जाओगे।

Remember the way or else you will get lost.

Navigational warning.

सावधानी से गाड़ी चलाओ वरना एक्सीडेंट हो सकता है।

Drive carefully or else an accident can happen.

Safety warning using 'sakta hai'.

पौधों को पानी दो वरना वे सूख जाएँगे।

Water the plants or else they will dry up.

Environmental care.

पर्यावरण बचाओ वरना भविष्य अंधकारमय होगा।

Save the environment or else the future will be dark.

Abstract/Global consequence.

अपनी गलतियों से सीखो वरना इतिहास दोहराया जाएगा।

Learn from your mistakes or else history will repeat itself.

Philosophical/Idiomatic use.

निवेश करो वरना महंगाई तुम्हारी बचत खा जाएगी।

Invest or else inflation will eat your savings.

Financial/Economic concept.

धैर्य रखो वरना बना बनाया काम बिगड़ सकता है।

Have patience or else a nearly finished task might get ruined.

Complex situational warning.

नई तकनीक सीखो वरना तुम पीछे रह जाओगे।

Learn new technology or else you will be left behind.

Career/Growth advice.

ईमानदार रहो वरना सम्मान खो दोगे।

Be honest or else you will lose respect.

Moral/Abstract consequence.

समय का सदुपयोग करो वरना पछताना पड़ेगा।

Make good use of time or else you'll have to regret it.

Moral/Reflective warning.

रिश्तों में पारदर्शिता रखो वरना दूरियाँ बढ़ जाएँगी।

Keep transparency in relationships or else distances will grow.

Psychological/Social context.

लोकतंत्र को मज़बूत करो वरना तानाशाही हावी हो जाएगी।

Strengthen democracy or else dictatorship will dominate.

Political discourse.

अपनी संस्कृति को सहेजें वरना पहचान लुप्त हो जाएगी।

Preserve your culture or else identity will vanish.

Cultural/Sociological context.

वैज्ञानिक दृष्टिकोण अपनाओ वरना अंधविश्वास तुम्हें जकड़ लेगा।

Adopt a scientific outlook or else superstition will grip you.

Intellectual/Philosophical warning.

साहित्य का रसास्वादन करो वरना जीवन नीरस हो जाएगा।

Enjoy literature or else life will become dull.

Aesthetic/Literary context.

संवाद जारी रखें वरना गलतफहमियाँ दीवार बन जाएँगी।

Keep the dialogue going or else misunderstandings will become walls.

Metaphorical usage.

नैतिकता का दामन न छोड़ें वरना पतन निश्चित है।

Do not leave the path of morality or else downfall is certain.

High-level moral instruction.

नवाचार को बढ़ावा दें वरना संस्था अप्रासंगिक हो जाएगी।

Promote innovation or else the institution will become irrelevant.

Corporate/Organizational strategy.

प्राकृतिक संसाधनों का संरक्षण करें वरना आने वाली पीढ़ियाँ तरसेंगी।

Conserve natural resources or else future generations will suffer.

Environmental/Generational warning.

सत्य का अन्वेषण करो वरना माया के जाल में फँसे रहोगे।

Seek the truth or else you will remain trapped in the web of illusion.

Spiritual/Metaphysical context.

अपनी अंतरात्मा की आवाज़ सुनो वरना आत्म-ग्लानि से भर जाओगे।

Listen to your conscience or else you will be filled with self-reproach.

Introspective/Psychological.

न्याय की मशाल जलाए रखें वरना अन्याय का अंधकार छा जाएगा।

Keep the torch of justice lit or else the darkness of injustice will prevail.

Legal/Rhetorical metaphor.

कला को जीवंत रखें वरना समाज संवेदनाहीन हो जाएगा।

Keep art alive or else society will become insensitive.

Societal/Aesthetic critique.

वैश्विक शांति के लिए प्रयास करें वरना सर्वनाश अपरिहार्य है।

Strive for global peace or else total destruction is inevitable.

Global/Existential warning.

मानवीय मूल्यों को प्राथमिकता दें वरना मशीनीकरण हमें निगल जाएगा।

Prioritize human values or else mechanization will swallow us.

Techno-philosophical discourse.

शिक्षा का प्रसार करें वरना अज्ञानता की बेड़ियाँ नहीं टूटेंगी।

Spread education or else the shackles of ignorance won't break.

Social reform rhetoric.

इतिहास का वस्तुनिष्ठ विश्लेषण करें वरना मिथक यथार्थ का स्थान ले लेंगे।

Analyze history objectively or else myths will take the place of reality.

Academic/Historiographical warning.

よく使う組み合わせ

वरना क्या?

वरना तो...

वरना और क्या?

वरना फिर...

वरना कभी नहीं

वरना सब बेकार

वरना मुश्किल होगी

वरना देर हो जाएगी

वरना बुरा होगा

वरना ठीक नहीं होगा

よく使うフレーズ

वरना क्या कर लोगे?

— A challenge to a threat. Literally: 'Otherwise what will you do?'

तुम मुझे डरा रहे हो? वरना क्या कर लोगे?

वरना तो मैं...

— Used to explain what someone would have done in a different situation.

शुक्र है तुम आ गए, वरना तो मैं जा ही रहा था।

वरना बात बिगड़ जाएगी

— Used to warn that a situation will deteriorate.

अभी माफ़ी मांग लो वरना बात बिगड़ जाएगी।

वरना कोई फायदा नहीं

— Indicating that an action is useless unless a condition is met.

पूरी मेहनत करो वरना कोई फायदा नहीं।

वरना पछताना पड़ेगा

— A very common warning about future regret.

अभी पढ़ लो वरना बाद में पछताना पड़ेगा।

वरना सब खत्म

— Indicating total loss or failure.

यह आखिरी मौका है वरना सब खत्म।

वरना तुम जानो

— A way of washing one's hands of the consequences. 'Otherwise, it's on you.'

मैंने चेतावनी दे दी है, वरना तुम जानो।

वरना मुझे मत कहना

— Warning someone not to blame the speaker later.

अभी सुन लो वरना बाद में मुझे मत कहना।

वरना याद रखना

— A standard dramatic warning or threat.

दोबारा यहाँ मत आना वरना याद रखना!

वरना क्या होता?

— Asking about a hypothetical negative outcome.

अगर मैं नहीं आता तो वरना क्या होता?

よく混同される語

वरना vs वर्ण (varna)

Means caste or color. Pronounced with a retroflex 'n'.

वरना vs वरन (varan)

Means 'but rather'. Used in formal literary contrast.

वरना vs बल्कि (balki)

Means 'instead' or 'rather'. Focuses on correction rather than consequence.

慣用句と表現

"वरना की गुंजाइश न छोड़ना"

— To do something so perfectly that there is no room for a negative alternative.

उसने काम इतनी अच्छी तरह किया कि वरना की गुंजाइश ही नहीं छोड़ी।

Literary

"वरना का डंडा"

— Metaphor for using threats to get things done.

आजकल वरना के डंडे के बिना कोई काम नहीं करता।

Colloquial

"वरना की तलवार"

— A constant threat hanging over someone.

नौकरी जाने की वरना की तलवार हमेशा लटकी रहती है।

Metaphorical

"वरना-वरना करना"

— To constantly threaten someone.

मुझसे वरना-वरना मत करो, मैं नहीं डरता।

Informal

"वरना पर अड़ना"

— To insist on a condition using an ultimatum.

वह अपनी शर्त पर वरना के साथ अड़ गया।

Neutral

"वरना का रास्ता"

— The alternative path of consequence.

सीधे चलो वरना का रास्ता बहुत कठिन है।

Philosophical

"वरना की भाषा"

— The language of threats.

उसे सिर्फ वरना की भाषा समझ आती है।

Informal

"वरना का खेल"

— A risky situation where failure is the only alternative.

यह व्यापार वरना का खेल है, संभल कर चलो।

Neutral

"वरना की मार"

— The hit one takes when the 'otherwise' scenario happens.

समय पर काम न करने की वरना की मार उसे अब पड़ रही है।

Colloquial

"वरना का खौफ"

— The fear of the 'or else' scenario.

लोगों में कानून की वरना का खौफ होना चाहिए।

Formal

間違えやすい

वरना vs वरन

Spelling and sound are almost identical.

Varna means 'or else', Varan means 'but rather'.

वह डरपोक नहीं वरन बहादुर है।

वरना vs बाकी

Both translate to 'otherwise' in different contexts.

Varna is for consequences, Baaki is for 'in other respects'.

सब ठीक है, बाकी तुम बताओ।

वरना vs अन्यथा

Same meaning.

Anyatha is very formal/academic, Varna is conversational.

अन्यथा दंड भुगतना होगा।

वरना vs वर

Similar root sound.

Var means 'groom' or 'boon'. Unrelated to the conjunction.

वर और वधू।

वरना vs वरना (Varna - Caste)

Identical Roman spelling.

The noun refers to social classes in ancient India.

प्राचीन काल में चार वर्ण थे।

文型パターン

[Verb] वरना [Verb-Future]

खाओ वरना भूख लगेगी।

[Noun] [Verb] वरना [Negative Result]

हेलमेट पहनो वरना पुलिस पकड़ेगी।

[Advice] वरना [Logical Consequence]

मेहनत करो वरना प्रमोशन नहीं मिलेगा।

[Abstract Idea] वरना [Societal Consequence]

पर्यावरण बचाओ वरना भविष्य अंधकारमय होगा।

[Complex Condition] वरना [Metaphorical Result]

संवाद जारी रखें वरना गलतफहमियाँ दीवार बन जाएँगी।

[Philosophical Statement] वरना [Existential Warning]

सत्य का अन्वेषण करो वरना माया के जाल में फँसे रहोगे।

वरना तो [Hypothetical Action]

वरना तो मैं खुद ही चला जाता।

वरना क्या?

तुम क्या कर लोगे, वरना क्या?

語族

使い方

frequency

Extremely high in daily speech.

よくある間違い

वह बीमार है वरना वह आएगा। → वह बीमार है वरना वह आता। (He is sick, otherwise he would have come.)
Using 'varna' for past hypothetical situations requires the conditional mood, not just simple future or present.
तुम चुप रहो वरना और मैं चला जाऊँगा। → तुम चुप रहो वरना मैं चला जाऊँगा।
Don't use 'aur' (and) immediately after 'varna'. 'Varna' is already a conjunction.
मैं खुश हूँ वरना तुम यहाँ हो। → मैं खुश हूँ कि तुम यहाँ हो।
Using 'varna' instead of 'ki' (that) changes the meaning to 'I am happy, otherwise you are here,' which is nonsensical.
जल्दी करो वरना बस छूट गई। → जल्दी करो वरना बस छूट जाएगी।
The consequence hasn't happened yet, so use the future tense.
वह अमीर है वरना वह कंजूस है। → वह अमीर है लेकिन कंजूस है।
Use 'lekin' (but) for contrast, not 'varna' for consequence.

ヒント

Tense Match

Always check the second clause. If you are giving a warning, the future tense (jayega, hogi, etc.) is almost always required.

Tone Matters

A soft 'varna' sounds like advice. A loud, sharp 'varna' sounds like a threat. Use your voice to convey your intent.

Formal Swap

In business emails, swap 'varna' for 'anyatha' to sound more professional and less demanding.

Catch the Logic

When you hear 'varna,' immediately expect a negative outcome or a warning. This helps you predict the rest of the sentence.

Softening Threats

If you must give a warning to a friend, add 'yaar' (friend) after the first clause to soften the 'varna'.

Avoid Redundancy

Don't use 'agar' and 'varna' in a way that repeats the same logic twice. Keep it simple: [Command] + varna + [Result].

Bollywood Style

Watch the movie 'Sholay' to hear how 'varna' is used in iconic threats by the character Gabbar Singh.

The 'Or Else' Rule

If you can replace the word with 'or else' in English and it makes sense, 'varna' is the correct Hindi word.

Persian Connection

Knowing it comes from 'wa-gar-na' (and-if-not) helps you remember its exact logical function.

Daily Use

Try telling yourself one thing you must do today 'varna' something bad will happen. It's a great way to memorize it.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of 'WAR-NA'. If you don't do what is asked, there will be a 'WAR' (consequence), 'NA' (not) happening as you'd like.

視覚的連想

Imagine a fork in the road. One path is what you should do. The other path has a sign saying 'VARNA' with a picture of a storm cloud behind it.

Word Web

Otherwise Or else Consequence Warning Logic Condition Alternative Threat

チャレンジ

Try to use 'varna' in three different contexts today: once for a warning, once for advice, and once while planning a schedule.

語源

Varna is derived from the Persian word 'wa-gar-na' (وگرنه). It is a compound of 'wa' (and), 'gar' (if), and 'na' (not).

元の意味： Literally meaning 'and if not'. It has retained this logical structure for centuries in Hindustani.

Indo-European (via Persian/Iranian branch into Indo-Aryan).

文化的な背景

Be careful using 'varna' with elders or superiors, as it can sound like a threat if the tone is too sharp. Use 'nahin to' or 'anyatha' for a softer approach.

English speakers often use 'otherwise' in a more formal way, but 'varna' is used even in very casual settings.

Gabbar Singh's dialogues in Sholay Common Bollywood villain tropes Hindi nursery rhymes about discipline

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Travel

जल्दी चलो वरना ट्रेन छूट जाएगी।
टिकट ले लो वरना फाइन लगेगा।
मैप देखो वरना रास्ता भूल जाओगे।
धीरे चलो वरना गिर जाओगे।

Work

काम खत्म करो वरना बॉस डाँटेंगे।
ईमेल भेजो वरना क्लाइंट गुस्सा होगा।
मीटिंग में आओ वरना जानकारी नहीं मिलेगी।
मेहनत करो वरना प्रमोशन नहीं होगा।

Home

खाना खाओ वरना ठंडा हो जाएगा।
सो जाओ वरना सुबह नींद आएगी।
पढ़ाई करो वरना फेल हो जाओगे।
हाथ धो लो वरना बीमार पड़ोगे।

Shopping

सस्ता करो वरना मैं नहीं लूँगा।
अभी खरीदो वरना स्टॉक खत्म हो जाएगा।
चेक कर लो वरना बाद में दिक्कत होगी।
पैसे कम करो वरना दूसरी दुकान जाऊँगा।

Safety

हेलमेट पहनो वरना चोट लगेगी।
धीरे चलाओ वरना एक्सीडेंट होगा।
अकेले मत जाओ वरना डर लगेगा।
सावधान रहो वरना चोरी हो सकती है।

会話のきっかけ

"हमें अभी निकलना चाहिए, वरना क्या होगा?"

"तुम्हें क्या लगता है, अगर हम मेहनत नहीं करेंगे वरना क्या हम सफल होंगे?"

"क्या तुम्हें कभी किसी ने 'वरना' कहकर डराया है?"

"अगर तुम आज काम नहीं करोगे, वरना कल क्या होगा?"

"वरना का इस्तेमाल आप सबसे ज़्यादा कब करते हैं?"

日記のテーマ

लिखिए कि अगर आप समय का पालन नहीं करेंगे वरना आपके जीवन पर क्या प्रभाव पड़ेगा।

एक ऐसी कहानी लिखिए जिसमें 'वरना' शब्द का इस्तेमाल कम से कम पाँच बार हो।

अपने दोस्त को सलाह देते हुए एक पत्र लिखिए और उसमें 'वरना' का प्रयोग कीजिए।

क्या 'वरना' शब्द हमेशा नकारात्मक होता है? अपने विचार लिखिए।

बचपन की किसी ऐसी घटना के बारे में लिखिए जब आपको 'वरना' कहकर कोई काम कराया गया हो।

よくある質問

10 問

Yes, but only in dialogue where the previous context is understood. For example, 'Varna hum late ho jayenge!' (Otherwise we'll be late!). In formal writing, it should always follow a clause.

It depends on the tone. It can be a helpful warning or a rude threat. To be safer with elders, use 'nahin to' or 'anyatha' with a polite verb form like 'kijiye'.

They are mostly the same. 'Varna' is a single word from Persian, 'Nahin to' is a Hindi phrase. 'Varna' can sometimes sound a bit more dramatic or punchy.

No. It is an 'Avyay' (indeclinable), so it stays the same regardless of who is speaking or being spoken to.

No. For 'instead,' use 'ke bajaye' or 'balki.' 'Varna' always introduces a consequence of not doing something.

Yes, it is very common in Urdu as well, written as وگرنہ (wa-gar-na) or ورنہ (varna).

Use the word 'अन्यथा' (anyatha).

Rarely. Usually, it introduces something you want to avoid. However, you could say 'Study, varna you won't get that gift,' where the gift is positive but the loss of it is negative.

No, 'Varan' is a real word meaning 'but rather,' but it is much less common and very formal.

The closest equivalents are 'otherwise,' 'or else,' and 'lest' (though 'lest' is very formal).

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