A1 Case System 1 min read かんたん

Accusative with Proper Nouns

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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

When a proper noun is the direct object of a sentence, add a '-t' to the end of the name.

  • Add '-t' to names ending in a consonant: Péter -> Pétert.
  • Add '-t' to names ending in a vowel: Anna -> Annát (vowels often lengthen).
  • If the name already ends in a vowel, it usually becomes long: Zsuzsa -> Zsuzsát.
Name + t + Verb

Accusative Suffixation

Name Ending Type Suffix Result
Péter
Consonant
-t
Pétert
Anna
Vowel
-t
Annát
Zsolt
Consonant
-ot
Zsoltot
Kati
Vowel
-t
Katit
István
Consonant
-t
Istvánt
Zsuzsa
Vowel
-t
Zsuzsát

Meanings

The accusative case marks the direct object of a transitive verb, indicating who or what is receiving the action.

1

Direct Object

The person being acted upon.

“Szeretem Marit.”

“Várom Jánost.”

Reference Table

Reference table for Accusative with Proper Nouns
Form Structure Example
Affirmative
Name + t + Verb
Szeretem Pétert.
Negative
Nem + Verb + Name + t
Nem szeretem Pétert.
Question
Verb + Name + t?
Látod Pétert?
Short Answer
Igen/Nem + Name + t
Igen, Pétert.
Plural
Names + kat/ket
Szeretem a fiúkat.
Possessive
Name + possessive + t
Szeretem a barátomat.

フォーマル度スペクトル

フォーマル
Várom Péter urat.

Várom Péter urat. (Waiting for someone.)

ニュートラル
Várom Pétert.

Várom Pétert. (Waiting for someone.)

カジュアル
Várom Pétert.

Várom Pétert. (Waiting for someone.)

スラング
Várom a Pétert.

Várom a Pétert. (Waiting for someone.)

The Accusative Target

Action

Target

  • Pétert Peter (acc)
  • Annát Anna (acc)

レベル別の例文

1

Látom Pétert.

I see Peter.

2

Szeretem Annát.

I love Anna.

3

Várom Jánost.

I am waiting for John.

4

Ismerem Zsoltot.

I know Zsolt.

1

Hívod Tamást?

Are you calling Thomas?

2

Nem látom Zsuzsát.

I don't see Zsuzsa.

3

Keresem Istvánt.

I am looking for Stephen.

4

Meghívom Katit.

I am inviting Kati.

1

A tanár dicséri Gábort.

The teacher praises Gabriel.

2

Mindenki ismeri Máriát.

Everyone knows Mary.

3

A főnök keresi Lászlót.

The boss is looking for Laszlo.

4

Szeretném megismerni Beát.

I would like to get to know Bea.

1

A rendőrség kihallgatja Ferencet.

The police are interrogating Francis.

2

A közönség ünnepli Andreát.

The audience celebrates Andrea.

3

A szülők támogatják Balázst.

The parents support Balazs.

4

A cég felveszi Attilát.

The company is hiring Attila.

1

A közvélemény elítéli Viktort.

Public opinion condemns Victor.

2

A szerző méltatja Juditot.

The author praises Judith.

3

A csapat választja Dávidot.

The team chooses David.

4

A közösség tiszteli Erzsébetet.

The community respects Elizabeth.

1

A történelem igazolja Lajos királyt.

History vindicates King Louis.

2

A bíróság felmenti Györgyöt.

The court acquits George.

3

A művész megörökíti Klárát.

The artist immortalizes Clara.

4

A sors elragadta Tündét.

Fate took Tünde away.

間違えやすい

Accusative with Proper Nouns 対 Nominative vs Accusative

Learners confuse the subject (nominative) with the object (accusative).

Accusative with Proper Nouns 対 Accusative vs Dative

Learners confuse 'to' (dative) with the direct object (accusative).

Accusative with Proper Nouns 対 Accusative vs Instrumental

Learners confuse 'with' (instrumental) with the direct object.

よくある間違い

✗

Szeretem Anna

✓

Szeretem Annát

Missing the accusative suffix.
✗

Látom Péter

✓

Látom Pétert

Missing the accusative suffix.
✗

Várom Annat

✓

Várom Annát

Incorrect vowel length.
✗

Ismerem János

✓

Ismerem Jánost

Missing the accusative suffix.
✗

Nem látom Péter

✓

Nem látom Pétert

Negation doesn't remove the need for the suffix.
✗

Hívod Anna?

✓

Hívod Annát?

Questions still require the accusative.
✗

Keresem Zsolt

✓

Keresem Zsoltot

Missing the linking vowel.
✗

A tanár dicséri Gábor

✓

A tanár dicséri Gábort

Even with a subject, the object needs the suffix.
✗

Mindenki ismeri Mária

✓

Mindenki ismeri Máriát

Missing the suffix.
✗

A főnök keresi László

✓

A főnök keresi Lászlót

Missing the suffix.
✗

A rendőrség kihallgatja Ferenc

✓

A rendőrség kihallgatja Ferencet

Missing the suffix.
✗

A közönség ünnepli Andrea

✓

A közönség ünnepli Andreát

Missing the suffix.
✗

A szülők támogatják Balázs

✓

A szülők támogatják Balázst

Missing the suffix.

文型パターン

Szeretem ___t.

Látom ___t.

Várom ___t.

Ismerem ___t.

Real World Usage

Texting very common

Várom Pétert!

Social Media very common

Szeretem Annát!

Job Interview common

Ismerem Kovács urat.

Travel occasional

Keresem Istvánt.

Food Delivery rare

Várom a futárt.

Classroom very common

Dicsérem Gábort.

💡

Vowel Length

Always check if the final vowel is short. If it is, make it long before adding '-t'.
⚠️

Don't Forget the Suffix

The suffix is not optional. Forgetting it makes the sentence sound wrong.
🎯

Think of it as a Target

The '-t' literally marks the target of the action.
💬

Names

Hungarian names are often written Surname-Firstname. The suffix goes on the last word.

Smart Tips

Always add '-t'.

Látom Péter. → Látom Pétert.

Lengthen the vowel.

Szeretem Anna. → Szeretem Annát.

Check if the verb is transitive.

Megyek Péter. → Megyek Péterhez.

Use the full name if necessary.

Várom Pétert. → Várom Kovács Pétert.

発音

Anna -> Annát [ɑn-naat]

Vowel Lengthening

When adding '-t' to a name ending in a short vowel, the vowel becomes long.

Declarative

Szeretem Pétert. ↘

Falling intonation for statements.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of the 'T' as a 'Target' sticker you slap on the person you are talking about.

視覚的連想

Imagine a person standing in a circle. You throw a sticky 'T' sticker onto their shirt. That sticker makes them the target of your sentence.

Rhyme

If you want to say who you see, add a T to the name, let it be!

Story

Péter is walking down the street. Anna sees him. She shouts 'Pétert!'. Because he is the target of her sight, he gets the 't' sticker.

Word Web

PétertAnnátJánostZsoltotKatitTamást

チャレンジ

Write 5 sentences about 5 friends using the structure 'Szeretem [Name]t'.

文化メモ

Using the accusative is a sign of grammatical competence. It shows you respect the language structure.

The accusative case is a Proto-Uralic inheritance, used to mark the direct object.

会話のきっかけ

“

Kit vársz?

“

Ismered Pétert?

“

Kit hívsz fel?

“

Kit keresel a buliban?

日記のテーマ

Write about 3 people you see every day.
Write about who you are waiting for today.
Write about a friend you know well.
Describe a person you admire.

よくある間違い

Incorrect

正解

Incorrect

正解

Incorrect

正解

Incorrect

正解

Test Yourself

Add the correct suffix to the name.

Szeretem Péter___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: t
Péter ends in a consonant, so we add -t.
Which is correct? 選択問題

Látom ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Annát
Anna ends in a short vowel, so it lengthens to -át.
Fix the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Várom János.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Várom Jánost
János needs the -t suffix.
Order the words. Sentence Building

Pétert / látom / én.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Én látom Pétert.
Standard SVO order.
Add the suffix to Zsuzsa. Conjugation Drill

Szeretem ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Zsuzsát
Zsuzsa ends in a short vowel.
Match the name to its accusative form. Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Pétert, Annát, Zsoltot
Correct suffixes for each.
Is this true? True False Rule

The accusative suffix is optional.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
It is mandatory.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Kit vársz? B: ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Várom Pétert.
Correct suffix.

Score: /8

練習問題

8 exercises
Add the correct suffix to the name.

Szeretem Péter___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: t
Péter ends in a consonant, so we add -t.
Which is correct? 選択問題

Látom ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Annát
Anna ends in a short vowel, so it lengthens to -át.
Fix the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Várom János.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Várom Jánost
János needs the -t suffix.
Order the words. Sentence Building

Pétert / látom / én.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Én látom Pétert.
Standard SVO order.
Add the suffix to Zsuzsa. Conjugation Drill

Szeretem ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Zsuzsát
Zsuzsa ends in a short vowel.
Match the name to its accusative form. Match Pairs

Péter, Anna, Zsolt

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Pétert, Annát, Zsoltot
Correct suffixes for each.
Is this true? True False Rule

The accusative suffix is optional.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
It is mandatory.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Kit vársz? B: ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Várom Pétert.
Correct suffix.

Score: /8

よくある質問 (8)

It marks the direct object.

Yes, it becomes '-kat/-ket'.

Yes, it is very common.

It usually lengthens.

No, the subject has no suffix.

Only with transitive verbs.

Yes, always.

No, it's very consistent.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Spanish moderate

Personal 'a'

Spanish uses a separate word, Hungarian uses a suffix.

Japanese high

Particle 'o'

Japanese particle is a separate token, Hungarian suffix is attached.

German moderate

Accusative case

German changes the article, Hungarian changes the noun.

French low

Word order

French is analytic, Hungarian is synthetic.

Arabic moderate

Case endings

Arabic is inflectional, Hungarian is agglutinative.

Chinese none

Word order

Chinese has no case system.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Previous
The Direct Object Suffix -t

Related Grammar Rules

A1

The Direct Object Suffix -t
A2

Illative Case: Into (-ba/-be)
A2

Inessive Case: Inside (-ban/-ben)
A2

Elative Case: Out of (-ból/-ből)
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