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B2 noun #6,000 よく出る 8分で読める

기반 시설

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解説 기반 시설 in your Level:
At the A1 level, you don't need to use the word '기반 시설' (infrastructure) yet, but you are learning the words that make it up. Think of things like '도로' (road), '버스' (bus), '전기' (electricity), and '물' (water). '기반 시설' is just a big umbrella word for all these things that a city needs to help people live. Imagine a giant box labeled 'City Help'—that is what this word means. You might hear it on the news, but for now, just remember it means the 'basic things a city has.'
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At the A2 level, you can start to recognize '기반 시설' as a term for 'city systems.' You know words like '병원' (hospital) and '학교' (school). These are all part of the '기반 시설.' When you travel to a new place, you might notice if the '기반 시설' is good or bad. For example, if the trains are always on time and the roads are clean, the '기반 시설' is well-made. You don't need to use it in every sentence, but recognizing it in a simple news headline about a 'new city' is a great goal.
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At the B1 level, you are moving into more abstract topics. You can use '기반 시설' to talk about why a city is a good place to live. You can say things like '이 도시는 기반 시설이 잘 되어 있어요' (This city's infrastructure is well-organized). You understand that this word isn't just about one building, but about the whole network of services. You can start using it when discussing social issues or travel experiences in a more formal way. It shows you are thinking about the structure of a society, not just the individual parts.
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At the B2 level, this is a core vocabulary word. You should be able to use '기반 시설' in discussions about the economy, government policy, and urban development. You understand that it includes '기반' (foundation) and '시설' (facilities). You can use it with specific verbs like '확충하다' (expand) or '정비하다' (refurbish). You can also distinguish it from similar words like '인프라' (infra) or '공공 시설' (public facilities). You should be comfortable writing an essay about how '기반 시설' affects a country's growth.
At the C1 level, you use '기반 시설' with nuance and precision. You can discuss '사회적 기반 시설' (social infrastructure) versus '물리적 기반 시설' (physical infrastructure). You are aware of the historical context of infrastructure development in Korea, such as the 'Miracle on the Han River.' You can use the word in complex sentence structures to argue for or against specific government spending. You also recognize it in academic texts and legal documents where it has a very specific definition related to national assets and public interest.
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At the C2 level, '기반 시설' is a tool for sophisticated analysis. You can discuss the philosophical implications of infrastructure on social equity. You might critique the '기반 시설의 노후화' (aging of infrastructure) in the context of long-term economic cycles. You can use the term in high-level professional environments, such as urban engineering or international development. You understand its relationship with '사회 간접 자본' (SOC) and can explain the differences to others. Your usage is indistinguishable from a highly educated native speaker.
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기반 시설 30秒で

  • 기반 시설 means 'infrastructure,' referring to the essential physical and organizational systems like roads, water, and power that allow a society to function.
  • It is a formal B2-level word frequently used in news, economics, and urban planning contexts to describe the foundation of a city or nation.
  • The word combines '기반' (foundation) and '시설' (facility), emphasizing that these structures are the base upon which everything else is built.
  • Commonly paired with verbs like '확충하다' (expand), '정비하다' (refurbish), and '구축하다' (build) to describe government or corporate actions.

The term 기반 시설 (giban siseol) is a compound noun that translates directly to 'infrastructure.' To understand its depth, we must look at the two components: 기반 (giban), meaning 'foundation' or 'base,' and 시설 (siseol), meaning 'facilities' or 'installations.' Together, they represent the skeletal framework of a functioning society. This includes the physical systems like roads, bridges, water supply, sewers, electrical grids, and telecommunications, as well as the institutional systems that allow a city or nation to operate effectively.

Economic Context
In economic discussions, 기반 시설 is cited as the primary driver of growth. Without robust transport and energy networks, commerce cannot flourish. Korean news often discusses '기반 시설 투자' (investment in infrastructure) as a means to stimulate the economy.
Urban Planning
Urban planners use this term to describe the essential services required before a new residential complex or 'New Town' (신도시) can be inhabited. This includes schools, hospitals, and public transport hubs.

정부는 낙후된 지역의 기반 시설을 확충하기로 결정했습니다. (The government decided to expand the infrastructure of the underdeveloped regions.)

Historically, for South Korea, the development of 기반 시설 was a matter of national survival after the Korean War. The rapid construction of the Gyeongbu Expressway is a classic example of creating the '기반' (foundation) for the 'Miracle on the Han River.' Today, the term has expanded to include '디지털 기반 시설' (digital infrastructure), referring to 5G networks and data centers that support the modern tech-heavy economy.

When you encounter this word, think of it as the 'invisible support system.' If you are talking about the lack of buses in a new neighborhood, you are talking about a lack of 기반 시설. If you are discussing why a country is good for manufacturing, you are likely praising its 기반 시설. It is a B2-level word because it moves beyond simple nouns like 'road' or 'electricity' into the abstract concept of systemic necessity.

스마트 시티 구축을 위해서는 고도의 IT 기반 시설이 필수적입니다. (For the construction of a smart city, high-level IT infrastructure is essential.)

Social Infrastructure
This refers to libraries, parks, and community centers—things that improve the quality of life rather than just the movement of goods.

Using 기반 시설 correctly requires understanding its role as a collective noun. It is rarely used to describe a single building; instead, it refers to the system as a whole. You will frequently see it paired with verbs like 확충하다 (to expand/augment), 정비하다 (to maintain/refurbish), or 구축하다 (to build/construct).

새로운 산업 단지 조성을 위해 도로와 용수 등 기반 시설 공사가 시작되었습니다. (Infrastructure construction, including roads and water supply, has begun for the creation of a new industrial complex.)

In this sentence, notice how the speaker lists specific examples (roads, water) and then categorizes them under 기반 시설. This is a very common rhetorical structure in Korean news and reports. It moves from the specific to the general to provide clarity.

Subject vs. Object
As a subject: 기반 시설이 부족하다 (Infrastructure is lacking). As an object: 기반 시설을 개선하다 (To improve infrastructure).

Another nuance is the distinction between physical infrastructure and 'soft' infrastructure. While 기반 시설 primarily refers to the physical, in advanced contexts, one might hear about '사회적 기반 시설' (social infrastructure), which includes legal systems and educational frameworks. However, for most B2 learners, focusing on the physical aspect—transportation, energy, and communication—is the most practical approach.

지진으로 인해 도시의 주요 기반 시설이 마비되었습니다. (Due to the earthquake, the city's major infrastructure was paralyzed.)

When writing about urban issues, you can use the phrase '기반 시설의 노후화' (the aging of infrastructure). This is a hot topic in Korea as many of the structures built during the rapid growth of the 70s and 80s now require significant repairs. Mastering this phrase will make your Korean sound much more sophisticated and 'news-ready.'

You are most likely to encounter 기반 시설 in formal settings. It is a staple of the 8 o'clock news, particularly in segments covering government policy, local elections, or disasters. If a politician is campaigning, they will almost certainly promise to 'improve the local 기반 시설' to win votes. It is the language of governance and development.

뉴스 데스크: "이번 태풍으로 인해 공항과 철도 등 국가 기반 시설의 피해가 막심합니다." (News Desk: "Due to this typhoon, the damage to national infrastructure such as airports and railways is enormous.")

In the business world, particularly in construction, real estate, and technology, this word is used daily. Real estate agents might highlight that an apartment complex has 'excellent 기반 시설' nearby, referring to the subway stations, schools, and shopping malls. In tech, engineers talk about '데이터 기반 시설' when discussing server farms and cloud computing foundations.

Documentary and Educational Media
Documentaries about the history of Seoul or the development of other global cities will use this term to explain the transition from a rural society to an industrial powerhouse.

Interestingly, you might also hear it in high-level strategy games or simulations (like SimCity or Civilization) translated into Korean. Players must manage their '기반 시설' to keep their citizens happy and their economy growing. This provides a fun, low-stakes way to see the word in action.

정치인 연설: "우리 구의 기반 시설을 현대화하여 삶의 질을 높이겠습니다!" (Politician's Speech: "I will modernize our district's infrastructure to improve the quality of life!")

Lastly, in academic lectures—whether economics, sociology, or engineering—the term is used to define the 'physical capital' of a nation. If you are a student planning to study at a Korean university, this is a 'must-know' term for your vocabulary list.

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make is confusing 기반 시설 with simple 건물 (building) or 장비 (equipment). While a building can be *part* of the infrastructure (like a power plant), the word 기반 시설 refers to the systemic network, not just the physical structure itself. Calling a single house '기반 시설' would be incorrect.

Mistake: Over-generalization
Learners often use '기본 시설' (basic facilities) instead of '기반 시설'. While they sound similar and have related meanings, '기반' implies a foundation upon which other things are built, whereas '기본' just means 'basic' or 'standard'. '기반 시설' is the technical term for infrastructure.

❌ 우리 집은 기반 시설이 좋아요. (My house has good infrastructure - Incorrect if referring to appliances/furniture.)
✅ 우리 동네는 기반 시설이 잘 갖춰져 있어요. (Our neighborhood has well-equipped infrastructure - Correct.)

Another error is the misapplication of the loanword '인프라'. While '인프라' and '기반 시설' are often interchangeable, '인프라' is much more common in business jargon and casual tech talk, whereas '기반 시설' is the required term for government documents, news reporting, and formal essays. Using '인프라' in a very formal academic paper might be seen as slightly too casual, though it is becoming more acceptable.

Finally, remember that 기반 시설 is a noun. You cannot '기반 시설' something as a verb. You must use a supporting verb like '구축하다' (build) or '조성하다' (create). Forgetting the verb is a common mistake for beginners who are used to English where nouns can sometimes function as verbs (e.g., 'to bridge').

❌ 정부가 기반 시설해요. (The government infrastructures - Incorrect.)
✅ 정부가 기반 시설을 구축합니다. (The government builds infrastructure - Correct.)

While 기반 시설 is the most comprehensive term for infrastructure, several other words cover similar ground depending on the context. Understanding the nuances between these will help you choose the right word for the right situation.

인프라 (Infra)
The direct loanword from 'infrastructure.' It's used heavily in business, startups, and casual conversation. It feels more modern and 'global' than 기반 시설.
공공 시설 (Public Facilities)
Refers specifically to facilities owned or managed by the government for public use, like parks, libraries, and government offices. While all 공공 시설 are likely part of the 기반 시설, not all 기반 시설 (like private power grids) are 공공 시설.
사회 간접 자본 (SOC - Social Overhead Capital)
This is a highly academic and economic term. You will see this in textbooks and government budget reports. It refers to the capital invested in infrastructure that doesn't produce immediate profit but is necessary for economic activity.

비교:
1. 기반 시설: The physical systems (roads, water).
2. 인프라: Casual/Business term for the same.
3. 사회 간접 자본: Economic/Financial term for infrastructure investment.

If you are talking about the basic setup of a *company* or an *organization*, you might use the word 토대 (foundation) or 기틀 (framework). These are more metaphorical than 기반 시설. For example, '회사의 성장 기틀을 마련하다' means 'to lay the groundwork for the company's growth.'

In summary, 기반 시설 is your 'safe' and 'standard' word. It is formal enough for any professional setting but clear enough for general use. Learning the subtle differences between this and 'SOC' or '공공 시설' will mark you as an advanced speaker of Korean.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

The word 'Ban' (盤) in 'Giban' is the same character used for 'Jaeban' (all/everything) and 'Chaeban' (a tray). It implies a wide, flat surface that supports everything on top of it.

発音ガイド

UK /ɡi.ban ɕi.sʌl/
US /ɡi.ban ɕi.sʌl/
Even stress on all four syllables, typical of Korean word structure.
韻が合う語
기반 (Giban) rhymes with 비판 (Bipan - criticism) 기반 (Giban) rhymes with 일반 (Ilban - general) 시설 (Siseol) rhymes with 비설 (Biseol - secret snow/story) 시설 (Siseol) rhymes with 가설 (Gaseol - hypothesis) 시설 (Siseol) rhymes with 해설 (Haeseol - explanation) 시설 (Siseol) rhymes with 건설 (Geonseol - construction) 시설 (Siseol) rhymes with 전설 (Jeonseol - legend) 시설 (Siseol) rhymes with 소설 (Soseol - novel)
よくある間違い
  • Pronouncing '기' as a hard 'k' (it should be between g and k).
  • Pronouncing '설' like 'sale' (it should be a low 'o' sound).
  • Stopping the 'ㄴ' in '기반' too abruptly.
  • Misplacing the space (it is two words: 기반 + 시설).
  • Confusing '시설' (siseol) with '시절' (sijeol - time/era).

難易度

読解 4/5

Common in news and signs, but requires Hanja knowledge for deep understanding.

ライティング 5/5

Requires correct spacing and pairing with formal verbs.

スピーキング 4/5

Pronunciation is straightforward but usage is limited to formal/semi-formal topics.

リスニング 3/5

Easily recognizable in formal broadcasts due to its distinct syllables.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

시설 (Facility) 기초 (Foundation) 도로 (Road) 교통 (Traffic) 건물 (Building)

次に学ぶ

사회 간접 자본 (SOC) 도시 계획 (Urban Planning) 지속 가능성 (Sustainability) 노후화 (Aging/Deterioration) 확충 (Expansion)

上級

거버넌스 (Governance) 민영화 (Privatization) 공공재 (Public Goods) 승수 효과 (Multiplier Effect) 스마트 시티 (Smart City)

知っておくべき文法

-(으)로 인해 (Due to)

폭우로 인해 기반 시설이 침수되었습니다.

-기 위해 (In order to)

기반 시설을 확충하기 위해 노력하고 있습니다.

-아/어지다 (Become/Passive)

기반 시설이 점점 좋아지고 있습니다.

-ㄴ/은/는 것 (Nounizing)

기반 시설을 정비하는 것은 매우 중요합니다.

-ㄹ/을 수 있다 (Can/Possibility)

기반 시설을 통해 경제를 발전시킬 수 있습니다.

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レベル別の例文

1

이 도시는 도로가 좋아요.

This city has good roads.

Simple subject-adjective structure.

2

기반 시설은 우리에게 필요해요.

Infrastructure is necessary for us.

Using the topic marker '은'.

3

물과 전기는 중요해요.

Water and electricity are important.

Listing basic infrastructure components.

4

버스가 많아요.

There are many buses.

Describing public transport.

5

학교는 큰 시설이에요.

A school is a big facility.

Introducing the word '시설' (facility).

6

길이 아주 깨끗해요.

The road is very clean.

Describing physical infrastructure quality.

7

지하철이 편리해요.

The subway is convenient.

Common infrastructure example.

8

여기는 기반 시설이 없어요.

There is no infrastructure here.

Using '없어요' (to not have).

1

새로운 기반 시설을 만들어요.

They are making new infrastructure.

Using the object marker '을'.

2

기반 시설이 부족하면 불편해요.

If infrastructure is lacking, it's inconvenient.

Conditional '-(으)면'.

3

정부가 기반 시설을 고쳐요.

The government fixes the infrastructure.

Present tense action.

4

이 마을은 기반 시설이 잘 되어 있어요.

This village has well-organized infrastructure.

Phrase '잘 되어 있다' (to be well-established).

5

기반 시설은 도시의 기초예요.

Infrastructure is the foundation of a city.

Equative 'A는 B예요'.

6

우리는 기반 시설을 보호해야 해요.

We must protect the infrastructure.

Necessity '-해야 하다'.

7

기반 시설 투자가 필요합니다.

Investment in infrastructure is needed.

Formal '-(으)ㅂ니다' ending.

8

교통 기반 시설이 좋아졌어요.

The transport infrastructure has improved.

Change of state '-아/어지다'.

1

경제 성장을 위해 기반 시설이 중요합니다.

Infrastructure is important for economic growth.

Purpose '-을 위해'.

2

기반 시설이 낙후되어 개선이 필요합니다.

The infrastructure is outdated and needs improvement.

Adjective '낙후되다' (to be outdated).

3

관광지에는 기반 시설이 잘 갖춰져야 합니다.

Infrastructure must be well-equipped in tourist areas.

Passive form '갖춰지다' (to be equipped).

4

태풍으로 인해 기반 시설이 파괴되었습니다.

Infrastructure was destroyed due to the typhoon.

Cause '-(으)로 인해'.

5

기반 시설 확충에 예산이 투입되었습니다.

A budget was allocated for expanding infrastructure.

Noun '확충' (expansion).

6

신도시의 기반 시설이 아직 부족합니다.

The infrastructure of the new city is still insufficient.

Adverb '아직' (still).

7

기반 시설 관리는 지자체의 책임입니다.

Infrastructure management is the responsibility of local governments.

Possessive '의'.

8

인터넷은 현대 사회의 필수 기반 시설입니다.

The internet is an essential infrastructure of modern society.

Modifier '필수' (essential).

1

정부는 기반 시설의 노후화 문제를 해결해야 합니다.

The government must solve the issue of aging infrastructure.

Compound noun '노후화 문제'.

2

기반 시설 투자는 장기적인 경제적 이익을 가져옵니다.

Infrastructure investment brings long-term economic benefits.

Adjective '장기적인' (long-term).

3

에너지 기반 시설의 안전 점검이 실시되었습니다.

A safety inspection of the energy infrastructure was conducted.

Passive '실시되다' (to be conducted).

4

기반 시설이 잘 구축된 도시는 경쟁력이 높습니다.

Cities with well-built infrastructure are highly competitive.

Noun modifier clause '-ㄴ 도시'.

5

지속 가능한 발전을 위해 친환경 기반 시설이 필요합니다.

Eco-friendly infrastructure is needed for sustainable development.

Adjective '지속 가능한' (sustainable).

6

기반 시설의 민영화에 대한 찬반 논란이 있습니다.

There is a debate for and against the privatization of infrastructure.

Topic '-에 대한' (about).

7

사회 기반 시설 확충은 삶의 질을 향상시킵니다.

Expanding social infrastructure improves the quality of life.

Causative '향상시키다' (to improve/enhance).

8

기반 시설 공사로 인해 교통 정체가 예상됩니다.

Traffic congestion is expected due to infrastructure construction.

Passive '예상되다' (to be expected).

1

기반 시설의 효율적인 배분은 지역 균형 발전의 핵심입니다.

The efficient distribution of infrastructure is key to balanced regional development.

Abstract noun '배분' (distribution).

2

디지털 기반 시설의 고도화가 4차 산업혁명을 가속화하고 있습니다.

The advancement of digital infrastructure is accelerating the 4th Industrial Revolution.

Verb '가속화하다' (to accelerate).

3

기반 시설에 대한 공공 투자는 승수 효과를 유발합니다.

Public investment in infrastructure induces a multiplier effect.

Economic term '승수 효과' (multiplier effect).

4

기반 시설의 유지보수 비용이 기하급수적으로 증가하고 있습니다.

The cost of infrastructure maintenance is increasing exponentially.

Adverb '기하급수적으로' (exponentially).

5

기반 시설은 국가의 안보와 직결되는 중요한 자산입니다.

Infrastructure is a crucial asset directly linked to national security.

Verb '직결되다' (to be directly linked).

6

기반 시설 구축 과정에서 환경 파괴를 최소화해야 합니다.

Environmental destruction must be minimized during the infrastructure building process.

Noun '최소화' (minimization).

7

노후 기반 시설의 재건축은 도시 재생 사업의 일환입니다.

The reconstruction of old infrastructure is part of urban regeneration projects.

Phrase '-(의) 일환이다' (to be part of).

8

기반 시설의 격차는 사회적 불평등을 심화시킬 수 있습니다.

Gaps in infrastructure can deepen social inequality.

Verb '심화시키다' (to deepen/intensify).

1

기반 시설의 회복 탄력성은 기후 위기 시대의 화두입니다.

Infrastructure resilience is a hot topic in the era of the climate crisis.

Abstract concept '회복 탄력성' (resilience).

2

초국가적 기반 시설 연결을 통해 동북아 경제 공동체를 모색합니다.

We seek a Northeast Asian economic community through transnational infrastructure connections.

Adjective '초국가적' (transnational).

3

기반 시설의 질적 수준이 국가 브랜드 가치를 결정짓는 요소가 되었습니다.

The quality of infrastructure has become a factor that determines national brand value.

Verb '결정짓다' (to determine/decide).

4

기반 시설에 내재된 기술적 복잡성은 관리의 난이도를 높입니다.

The inherent technical complexity in infrastructure increases the difficulty of management.

Adjective '내재된' (inherent).

5

기반 시설의 공공성 확보는 시장 경제의 부작용을 완화하는 장치입니다.

Securing the public nature of infrastructure is a mechanism to mitigate the side effects of a market economy.

Noun '공공성' (publicness/public nature).

6

기반 시설의 지능화는 자원 배분의 최적화를 가능케 합니다.

The intellectualization (AI integration) of infrastructure enables optimization of resource allocation.

Verb '가능케 하다' (to make possible).

7

기반 시설의 거버넌스 체계 개편이 시급한 과제로 떠올랐습니다.

The reform of the infrastructure governance system has emerged as an urgent task.

Noun '거버넌스 체계' (governance system).

8

기반 시설의 생애 주기 비용을 고려한 예산 편성이 필요합니다.

Budgeting that considers the life-cycle cost of infrastructure is necessary.

Term '생애 주기 비용' (life-cycle cost).

類義語

인프라 기초 설비 기간 시설 사회 간접 자본

反対語

상부 구조

よく使う組み合わせ

기반 시설을 확충하다
기반 시설이 낙후되다
기반 시설을 정비하다
기반 시설을 구축하다
기반 시설이 부족하다
국가 기반 시설
사회 기반 시설
디지털 기반 시설
기반 시설의 노후화
기반 시설을 현대화하다

よく使うフレーズ

기반 시설 부담금

— A fee charged to developers to fund infrastructure in the area.

개발업자는 기반 시설 부담금을 납부해야 합니다.

기반 시설 특별법

— A special law specifically targeting infrastructure management or safety.

기반 시설 특별법에 따라 안전 점검이 강화되었습니다.

기반 시설 복구

— The act of restoring infrastructure after a disaster.

지진 피해 지역의 기반 시설 복구가 시급합니다.

기반 시설 관리

— The ongoing maintenance and oversight of infrastructure systems.

효율적인 기반 시설 관리는 예산 절감에 도움이 됩니다.

기반 시설 투자

— Spending money to build or improve infrastructure.

해외 기반 시설 투자에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있습니다.

기반 시설 보호

— Protecting infrastructure from physical or cyber attacks.

주요 기반 시설 보호를 위한 보안 시스템을 강화했습니다.

기반 시설 설계

— The architectural and engineering design of infrastructure.

기반 시설 설계 단계부터 전문가의 조언이 필요합니다.

기반 시설 운영

— The day-to-day running of infrastructure services.

민간 기업이 기반 시설 운영을 맡게 되었습니다.

기반 시설 확정

— Finalizing the plan or location for new infrastructure.

새 공항의 기반 시설 부지가 확정되었습니다.

기반 시설 연계

— Connecting different pieces of infrastructure together.

교통망과 통신 기반 시설의 연계가 중요합니다.

よく混同される語

기반 시설 vs 기본 시설

Means 'basic facilities' (like a toilet in a room), whereas '기반 시설' is the systemic infrastructure of a city.

기반 시설 vs 공공 시설

Refers only to government-owned facilities for public use, while infrastructure can be private (like a private power plant).

기반 시설 vs 편의 시설

Refers to facilities for convenience (elevators, cafes), while infrastructure is for fundamental operation (roads, water).

慣用句と表現

"기틀을 잡다"

— To establish a foundation or framework (metaphorical infrastructure).

회사가 이제야 기틀을 잡기 시작했습니다.

Neutral
"뿌리를 내리다"

— To take root (establish something firmly).

새로운 문화가 이 지역에 뿌리를 내렸습니다.

Neutral
"바탕을 다지다"

— To solidify the base/foundation.

성공을 위해 기초 바탕을 다지는 것이 중요합니다.

Neutral
"길을 닦다"

— To pave the way (literally or figuratively).

선배들이 후배들을 위해 길을 잘 닦아 놓았습니다.

Neutral
"뼈대를 세우다"

— To set up the skeleton/frame.

사업의 기본 뼈대를 세우는 데 집중하세요.

Neutral
"반석 위에 올리다"

— To place something on a rock (make it very stable).

그는 가업을 반석 위에 올려놓았습니다.

Formal
"터전을 마련하다"

— To prepare a site or living ground.

서민들을 위한 삶의 터전을 마련해야 합니다.

Neutral
"기반을 닦다"

— To lay the foundation.

그는 한국 IT 산업의 기반을 닦은 인물입니다.

Neutral
"주춧돌을 놓다"

— To lay the cornerstone.

이 프로젝트는 우리 미래의 주춧돌을 놓는 일입니다.

Formal
"대들보 역할을 하다"

— To act as the main support beam (indispensable person/thing).

그는 우리 팀의 대들보 역할을 하고 있습니다.

Neutral

間違えやすい

기반 시설 vs 기반

It's the first half of the word.

'기반' is the abstract 'foundation', while '기반 시설' is the physical 'infrastructure'.

이 이론은 과학적 기반이 약하다. (This theory has a weak scientific foundation.)

기반 시설 vs 시설

It's the second half of the word.

'시설' is any 'facility' (like a gym), while '기반 시설' is the essential system (like a road).

이 헬스장은 시설이 좋네요. (This gym has good facilities.)

기반 시설 vs 설비

Both relate to physical setups.

'설비' usually refers to 'equipment' or 'installations' inside a building (like plumbing/AC).

공장에 새로운 설비를 들여왔습니다. (We brought new equipment into the factory.)

기반 시설 vs 환경

Both describe the surroundings.

'환경' is 'environment' (natural or social), while '기반 시설' is specifically man-made systems.

교육 환경이 좋은 곳으로 이사하고 싶어요. (I want to move to a place with a good educational environment.)

기반 시설 vs 건설

Both relate to building things.

'건설' is the 'act of building', while '기반 시설' is the 'result' (the system itself).

도로 건설이 한창입니다. (Road construction is in full swing.)

文型パターン

B1

N은/는 기반 시설이 좋다/나쁘다

서울은 기반 시설이 아주 좋아요.

B1

N을/를 위한 기반 시설

주민들을 위한 기반 시설이 필요해요.

B2

기반 시설을 확충하다/정비하다

정부는 기반 시설을 확충하고 있습니다.

B2

기반 시설이 부족하다/충분하다

이 지역은 기반 시설이 턱없이 부족합니다.

C1

기반 시설의 노후화가 심각하다

도시 기반 시설의 노후화가 심각한 문제입니다.

C1

기반 시설에 투자하다

해외 기반 시설에 투자하는 기업이 늘고 있습니다.

C2

기반 시설의 공공성을 확보하다

기반 시설의 공공성을 확보하는 것이 국가의 책무입니다.

C2

기반 시설과 연계된 N

기반 시설과 연계된 스마트 시티 기술이 주목받고 있습니다.

語族

名詞

기반 (Foundation)
시설 (Facility)
시설물 (Structure/Facility object)
기반시설 (Infrastructure - often written without space in technical docs)
시설업 (Facility business)

動詞

시설하다 (To install/furnish)
기반하다 (To be based on - though usually used as '...에 기반하여')

形容詞

시설이 좋은 (Well-equipped)
기반이 탄탄한 (Solidly founded)

関連

건설 (Construction)
토목 (Civil engineering)
정비 (Maintenance)
확충 (Expansion)
구축 (Establishment)
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使い方

frequency

Very high in news, government reports, and urban studies.

よくある間違い
  • Using '기본 시설' for city systems. → 기반 시설

    '기본 시설' means basic facilities (like a bed in a room), while '기반 시설' is infrastructure.

  • Saying '기반 시설해요'. → 기반 시설을 구축해요.

    '기반 시설' is a noun and cannot be turned into a verb directly with '해요'.

  • Confusing '시설' with '시절'. → 시설

    '시절' means 'time' or 'era'. They sound similar but are completely different.

  • Referring to one house as '기반 시설'. → 건물 (Building)

    Infrastructure refers to the whole system, not a single private building.

  • Using '인프라' in a formal academic thesis. → 기반 시설 / 사회 간접 자본

    '인프라' is slightly too informal for high-level academic writing.

ヒント

Break it Down

Remember Gi-ban (Foundation) + Si-seol (Facility). If you know these two words, you'll never forget the compound.

Think Urban

Always associate this word with city planning, roads, and utilities to keep the context clear.

Use in TOPIK

This is a great word for TOPIK II writing tasks about social issues or urban development.

Pair with 확충

The most common verb paired with this is '확충하다' (to expand). Memorize them together.

Infra vs Giban

Switch to '인프라' in casual talk to sound more natural and 'global'.

News Keywords

When you hear '정부' (government) and '투자' (investment), expect to hear '기반 시설' soon after.

Batchim Flow

Ensure the 'ㄴ' in '기반' flows smoothly into the '시' of '시설'.

Hanja Power

The 'Ban' (盤) means a tray. Imagine the city served on a giant tray of infrastructure.

Object Marker

Since it's a noun, you'll mostly see it with '을/를' as the object of government action.

Korean Pride

Understand that infrastructure is a source of national pride in Korea due to its fast development.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of GI-BAN as 'GIant BANner' that covers the whole city, and SI-SEOL as 'SEe-SOLutions' (facilities). The GIant BANner SEes all the SOLutions (roads, water, power) a city needs.

視覚的連想

Imagine a giant concrete slab (기반) with various buildings, pipes, and wires (시설) sprouting out of it like a circuit board.

Word Web

Roads Bridges Water Power Internet Sewers Schools Hospitals

チャレンジ

Try to identify three types of 기반 시설 you used today (e.g., the road you drove on, the water you drank, the internet you are using) and say the word out loud.

語源

Borrowed from Hanja (Sino-Korean characters). 基 (Gi) means 'base/foundation' and 盤 (Ban) means 'tray/plate'. 施 (Si) means 'to carry out/execute' and 設 (Seol) means 'to set up/establish'.

元の意味： A facility established on a foundational plate/base.

Sino-Korean (Hanja)

文化的な背景

Be careful when discussing 기반 시설 in North Korea, as it is a sensitive topic regarding economic disparity between the two Koreas.

In English-speaking countries, infrastructure is often taken for granted until it breaks. In Korea, it is frequently a topic of active public discourse and political promises.

The Gyeongbu Expressway (경부고속도로) - the most famous piece of 기반 시설 in Korean history. The 5-Year Economic Development Plans (경제개발 5개년 계획) - which focused heavily on infrastructure. Incheon International Airport - often ranked as the best 기반 시설 in the world.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

News/Politics

  • 기반 시설 투자 확대
  • 정치적 공약
  • 예산안 통과
  • 국가 경쟁력

Real Estate

  • 주변 기반 시설
  • 역세권
  • 학군
  • 생활 편의성

Natural Disasters

  • 시설물 파손
  • 긴급 복구
  • 마비 상태
  • 안전 점검

Economics

  • 성장 동력
  • SOC 투자
  • 고용 창출
  • 효율성 증대

Urban Planning

  • 신도시 개발
  • 인구 밀도
  • 배치 계획
  • 환경 영향 평가

会話のきっかけ

"한국의 기반 시설에 대해 어떻게 생각하세요?"

"당신이 사는 동네의 기반 시설은 어떤가요?"

"신도시 개발에서 가장 중요한 기반 시설은 무엇이라고 보십니까?"

"기반 시설의 노후화 문제를 어떻게 해결해야 할까요?"

"디지털 기반 시설이 우리 삶을 어떻게 바꾸었나요?"

日記のテーマ

만약 내가 새로운 도시를 만든다면, 어떤 기반 시설을 가장 먼저 지을 것인지 설명해 보세요.

우리나라와 한국의 기반 시설을 비교해 보고 장단점을 적어 보세요.

기반 시설이 갑자기 마비된다면 어떤 일이 벌어질지 상상해서 써 보세요.

정부가 기반 시설 확충에 더 많은 돈을 써야 한다고 생각하는지 의견을 적어 보세요.

미래의 스마트 시티에는 어떤 새로운 기반 시설이 필요할까요?

よくある質問

10 問

They mean the same thing, but '기반 시설' is the formal Korean term, while '인프라' is a loanword from 'infrastructure'. Use '기반 시설' in formal writing and '인프라' in casual or business settings.

Yes, in a broad sense, schools are part of '사회 기반 시설' (social infrastructure) because they are essential for a functioning society.

You can say '기반 시설 사업' or '기반 시설 프로젝트'.

It is better to use '사내 시스템' (internal system) or '업무 환경' (work environment). '기반 시설' is usually for cities or countries.

Yes, it is often called '정보 통신 기반 시설' (information and communication infrastructure).

It means the infrastructure is 'paralyzed' or stopped working, usually due to a disaster or a strike.

SOC stands for Social Overhead Capital, and in Korean, it is '사회 간접 자본'. It is a more technical term for '기반 시설'.

You can say '기반 시설이 열악하다' or '기반 시설이 부족하다'.

Yes, hospitals are part of the '의료 기반 시설' (medical infrastructure).

It is collective, meaning it covers all parts of the system as one concept. You don't usually need to pluralize it.

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自分をテスト 180 問

writing

Write a sentence using '기반 시설' and '부족하다'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Write a sentence using '기반 시설' and '확충하다'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Write a sentence about why infrastructure is important for a city.

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正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Translate: 'The government invested in national infrastructure.'

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正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Translate: 'Infrastructure was paralyzed by the earthquake.'

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正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Write a short paragraph (3 sentences) about your neighborhood's infrastructure.

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正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Describe 'Digital Infrastructure' using Korean sentences.

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正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Write a sentence using the word '노후화' and '기반 시설'.

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正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Translate: 'Expanding infrastructure improves the quality of life.'

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正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Write a sentence about 'Smart City' and 'Infrastructure'.

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正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Explain the meaning of '기반 시설' in Korean.

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writing

Write a sentence using '기반 시설' as the object of '정비하다'.

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正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Translate: 'There is a lack of medical infrastructure in rural areas.'

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正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Write a sentence about the 'multiplier effect' (승수 효과) of infrastructure investment.

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正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Write a sentence using '사회 기반 시설'.

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writing

Translate: 'Infrastructure maintenance costs are increasing.'

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writing

Write a sentence about 'transnational infrastructure'.

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writing

Write a sentence using '기반 시설' and '안전 점검'.

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writing

Translate: 'Infrastructure is the foundation of the economy.'

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writing

Write a sentence using '기반 시설' and '민영화'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

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speaking

Pronounce the word '기반 시설' correctly three times.

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Tell a partner one type of '기반 시설' near your house.

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Explain why infrastructure is important for a country in Korean.

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Describe a situation where infrastructure is paralyzed.

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speaking

What is your opinion on infrastructure investment?

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speaking

Talk about 'Digital Infrastructure' in Korea.

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speaking

How does infrastructure affect house prices?

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speaking

Discuss the problem of aging infrastructure.

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Imagine you are a mayor. What infrastructure will you build first?

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Describe the difference between '기반 시설' and '편의 시설'.

Read this aloud:

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listening

Listen and write the phrase: '국가 기반 시설 보호'.

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listening

Listen and write the phrase: '기반 시설 확충 예산'.

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listening

Listen and write the phrase: '도시 기반 시설 정비'.

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正解！ おしい！ 正解:
listening

Listen and write the phrase: '기반 시설이 부족하다'.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
正解！ おしい！ 正解:
listening

Listen and write the phrase: '기반 시설 마비 상태'.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
正解！ おしい！ 正解:
listening

Listen and write the phrase: '사회 간접 자본 투자'.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
正解！ おしい！ 正解:
listening

Listen and write the phrase: '디지털 기반 시설 고도화'.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
正解！ おしい！ 正解:
listening

Listen and write the phrase: '기반 시설의 노후화 문제'.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
正解！ おしい！ 正解:
listening

Listen and write the phrase: '기반 시설을 현대화하다'.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
正解！ おしい！ 正解:
listening

Listen and write the phrase: '친환경 기반 시설 구축'.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Translate: 'Good infrastructure.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Translate: 'Building infrastructure.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Translate: 'Lacking infrastructure.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Translate: 'National infrastructure.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Translate: 'Social infrastructure.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:

/ 180 correct

Perfect score!

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