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사회구조

B1 noun #8,000 よく出る 9分で読める

사회구조

上位8,000

練習する例文メモとヒント 사회구조 30秒で

解説 사회구조 in your Level:

At the A1 level, '사회구조' (social structure) is a very difficult word. You don't need to use it yet! It is much better to learn the two words that make it up: '사회' (society/people living together) and '구조' (structure/how something is made). Think of '사회' as a big group of people like a city or a country. Think of '구조' like the bones in your body or the frame of a house. When we put them together, we are talking about how a big group of people is organized. For an A1 learner, just remember that this word is about how a country works. You might hear it on the news. If you want to say something simple, you can just say '사람들이 사는 방식' (the way people live) or '사회의 모습' (the look/shape of society). Focus on basic nouns first, but keep this word in the back of your mind for when you read more difficult books later.

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For A2 learners, '사회구조' is a word you might see in a textbook or a simple news article. It means 'the way a society is organized.' At this level, you should know that '사회' means society and '구조' means structure. You can use this word when talking about big changes in a country. For example, '한국의 사회구조가 바뀌었어요' (Korea's social structure changed). This sounds much more professional than saying 'Korea changed.' It implies that the way families, jobs, and schools are set up has changed. You don't need to use it in daily life, like when buying bread, but it is useful if you are talking about history or why things are different now compared to the past. Try to remember it as a single block: 사회 + 구조. It helps you understand that societies have a 'shape' or a 'form' just like buildings do.

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At the B1 level, you should be able to understand and occasionally use '사회구조.' This is a target word for this level. It refers to the internal hierarchical organization of a society. This includes the institutions (like schools and government), social groups (like the middle class), and statuses (like being a doctor or a student). You will hear this word often in discussions about social issues. For example, when people talk about '저출산' (low birth rate), they often say the '사회구조' needs to change to help parents. You should be able to recognize it in reading passages about Korean culture or history. A key phrase to learn is '사회구조의 변화' (change in social structure). You can use this to describe how Korea went from a farming society to a modern high-tech society. It shows that you are moving beyond simple sentences and starting to talk about abstract ideas.

At the B2 level, you are expected to use '사회구조' fluently in academic or professional settings. You should understand that it isn't just about 'people,' but about the systemic relationships between different parts of society. You should be able to use it with various modifiers, such as '가부장적 사회구조' (patriarchal social structure) or '계급적 사회구조' (class-based social structure). At this level, you should also be familiar with the adjective form '사회구조적' (social-structural). For example, you might write an essay stating, '빈곤은 개인의 게으름 때문이 아니라 사회구조적인 문제입니다' (Poverty is not because of individual laziness but is a social-structural problem). This demonstrates that you can analyze complex problems using appropriate terminology. You should also be able to distinguish it from similar words like '사회 체제' (social system) or '사회 제도' (social institution).

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For C1 learners, '사회구조' is a basic tool for deep sociological and political analysis. You should be able to discuss different theories of social structure, such as functionalism or conflict theory, using this term. You will encounter this word in high-level literature, editorials, and academic journals. You should understand the nuances of how social structure influences individual agency (주체성). You might use it in complex sentences like, '사회구조와 개인의 행위 사이의 상호작용을 고찰해야 한다' (We must examine the interaction between social structure and individual action). At this level, you are not just using the word; you are debating the concept itself. You should also be comfortable using it in the context of '구조조정' (structural adjustment/restructuring) in economics, which, while different, shares the same root concept of '구조'. Your ability to use this word correctly in a variety of formal contexts is a hallmark of near-native proficiency.

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At the C2 level, you have a complete mastery of '사회구조' and all its theoretical implications. You can use it to engage in high-level academic debates about the 'structuration' of society or the 'deconstruction' of traditional social structures. You understand how the word functions within different philosophical frameworks. You can use it with precision in legal, economic, and sociological contexts without hesitation. You might use it to describe the '거시적 사회구조' (macro-social structure) versus the '미시적 상호작용' (micro-interaction). Your usage is indistinguishable from a highly educated native speaker, and you can explain the historical evolution of the term within the Korean context, such as how the concept was translated and adapted from Western sociology. You can also identify and use subtle wordplay or metaphors involving the 'structure' of society in literature or persuasive speaking.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

사회구조 30秒で

사회구조 (Social Structure) is a noun meaning the organized framework of a society's institutions and relationships.
It is a Sino-Korean word (Hanja: 社會構造) used primarily in formal, academic, and journalistic contexts.
Commonly paired with '변화' (change), '모순' (contradiction), and '개혁' (reform) to discuss national issues.
It helps learners describe 'the big picture' of how a community or country is built and functions.

The term 사회구조 (社會構造) is a foundational concept in sociology and general academic discourse in Korean. It refers to the organized pattern of social relationships and social institutions that together constitute society. Think of it as the 'skeleton' or 'framework' of a human collective. Just as a building has a structural frame that determines its shape, strength, and the placement of its rooms, a society has a structure that determines how individuals interact, how power is distributed, and how resources are allocated. This word is not typically used in casual coffee-shop conversations about the weather, but it is ubiquitous in news reports, documentaries, educational settings, and discussions regarding social issues, economics, or history.

Etymological Breakdown: The word is composed of two main parts: 사회 (Society) and 구조 (Structure). '사회' implies a group of people living together in a community, while '구조' refers to the arrangement of and relations between the parts or elements of something complex.
Sociological Context: In a sociological sense, it encompasses social strata (classes), social roles, and social institutions like the family, religion, law, economy, and class. When Koreans talk about a 'rigid social structure,' they are often referring to the difficulty of moving between social classes.

한국의 사회구조는 지난 수십 년 동안 급격하게 변화해 왔습니다. (The social structure of Korea has changed rapidly over the past few decades.)

When using this term, speakers are usually looking at the 'big picture.' They aren't talking about one person's behavior, but rather the systemic forces that influence everyone. For instance, if someone discusses why the birth rate is low, they might point to the 사회구조—mentioning how the competitive job market and high cost of living (structural elements) make it hard for people to start families. It is a word that invites a deep, analytical look at how a community is built and maintained.

불평등한 사회구조를 개선하기 위한 노력이 필요합니다. (Efforts are needed to improve the unequal social structure.)

Colloquial Nuance: While academic, it is frequently heard in debates (토론) or on news programs (뉴스). If you hear it in a daily conversation, the speaker is likely expressing a serious opinion about politics or social justice.

In summary, 사회구조 is the invisible scaffolding that holds a society together. It includes the laws we follow, the schools we attend, the jobs we work, and the hierarchies we navigate. Understanding this term allows you to engage with complex topics in Korean, such as urbanization, demographic shifts, and economic development. It is a essential term for anyone reaching the intermediate (B1) level and beyond, as it bridges the gap between basic daily communication and higher-level conceptual thinking.

Using 사회구조 correctly requires an understanding of its grammatical role and its typical collocations. As a noun, it usually functions as the subject or object of a sentence, and it is frequently modified by adjectives or other nouns to describe a specific type of social framework.

As a Subject: When 사회구조 is the subject, it is often followed by verbs like '변하다' (to change), '고착되다' (to become fixed), or '붕괴하다' (to collapse). For example: '사구구조가 변하고 있다' (The social structure is changing).

현대 사회구조는 개인의 능력을 중시합니다. (Modern social structure emphasizes individual ability.)

One of the most common ways to use this word is with the possessive particle '~의'. You will often see '사회구조의 변화' (change in social structure) or '사회구조의 모순' (contradictions of the social structure). These phrases are standard in academic writing and journalism.

Common Verbs and Adjectives

복잡한 사회구조 (Complex social structure)
안정된 사회구조 (Stable social structure)
사회구조를 분석하다 (To analyze social structure)
사회구조를 개혁하다 (To reform social structure)

우리는 더 공정한 사회구조를 만들어야 합니다. (We must create a fairer social structure.)

In more advanced contexts, you might see it combined with other concepts to form complex compound nouns. For instance, '계급적 사회구조' (class-based social structure) or '가부장적 사회구조' (patriarchal social structure). These terms are essential for discussing history or social problems in Korea, such as the influence of Confucianism on modern life.

전통적인 사회구조에서는 대가족이 일반적이었습니다. (In traditional social structures, extended families were common.)

Finally, when describing a problem that isn't just one person's fault but is built into the system, you can say it is a '사회구조적 문제' (a social-structural problem). This is a very powerful and frequent expression used to describe issues like poverty, discrimination, or educational pressure in Korea.

To truly master 사회구조, you need to recognize the environments where it naturally appears. While you might not hear it shouted at a bustling traditional market, it is a staple of the Korean linguistic landscape in several specific areas.

1. News and Current Affairs: Whenever a news anchor discusses the aging population (고령화), the low birth rate (저출산), or economic inequality, they will almost certainly mention the 사회구조. It's the standard term used to describe why these phenomena are occurring on a national level.

전문가들은 저출산의 원인으로 경직된 사회구조를 지목했습니다. (Experts pointed to the rigid social structure as the cause of the low birth rate.)

In educational settings, from high school social studies classes to university sociology lectures, this word is the bread and butter of the curriculum. Students learn about how the transition from the Joseon Dynasty to modern Korea involved a total overhaul of the 사회구조.

2. Documentaries and Podcasts: If you watch an EBS documentary about history or social changes, you will hear this word repeatedly. It is used to provide context for how people lived and what constraints they faced based on their position in the hierarchy.

이 다큐멘터리는 도시화가 사회구조에 미친 영향을 다룹니다. (This documentary deals with the impact of urbanization on the social structure.)

Political speeches and policy announcements are another prime location. Politicians often promise to 'reform the social structure' (사회구조를 개혁하다) to win votes or address public grievances. It sounds authoritative and comprehensive. Lastly, in the workplace, during strategic planning or CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) meetings, the term might be used to discuss the company's role within the larger framework of society.

3. Academic Papers and Essays: This is a 'must-know' word for the TOPIK II (Test of Proficiency in Korean) writing section. If you are asked to write about social changes or problems, using 사회구조 will help you achieve a higher score by demonstrating a sophisticated vocabulary range.

While 사회구조 is a straightforward noun, learners often make specific errors in its application or confuse it with related terms. Avoiding these pitfalls will make your Korean sound more natural and precise.

Mistake 1: Confusing with '사회 제도' (Social System/Institution): Learners often use 사회구조 when they actually mean '사회 제도'. While related, '제도' refers to specific laws or established customs (like the marriage system or the tax system). 구조 is the broader, more abstract framework that includes all these systems and their relationships.

Incorrect: 교육 사회구조를 바꿔야 합니다. (You are likely talking about the 'system'.)
Correct: 교육 제도를 바꿔야 합니다. (We need to change the education system.)

Another common mistake is using it in contexts that are too small or personal. You wouldn't say '우리 가족의 사회구조' (Our family's social structure) because '사회' refers to a large community. Instead, you would use '가족 구조' (family structure) or '조직 구조' (organizational structure) for a company.

Mistake 2: Misusing '사회적' vs '사회구조적': '사회적' means 'social' (e.g., social skills, social issues). '사회구조적' means 'social-structural' (e.g., problems rooted in the system). Don't use the long word when the simple one suffices. Use '사회구조적' only when you want to emphasize that the issue is built into the very fabric of society.

이것은 단순한 개인의 문제가 아니라 사회구조적인 문제입니다. (This is not just an individual problem but a social-structural problem.)

Finally, avoid overusing the word. Because it is high-level, using it too often in casual speech can make you sound like you are giving a lecture rather than having a conversation. Use it when the topic genuinely warrants a discussion of systemic frameworks.

To expand your vocabulary, it's helpful to compare 사회구조 with other terms that describe the organization of people and systems. Each has a specific nuance that makes it more suitable for certain contexts.

사회구조 vs 사회 체제 (Social System/Regime): 사회구조 focuses on the arrangement and hierarchy of parts. 사회 체제 (Social System) often refers to the political or economic ideology governing a society, such as '자본주의 체제' (capitalist system) or '사회주의 체제' (socialist system). Use '구조' for the 'how it's built' and '체제' for 'how it's governed'.
사회구조 vs 계층 구조 (Hierarchical/Class Structure): 계층 구조 is more specific. It refers specifically to the layers or levels (classes) within a society. 사회구조 is the broader term that includes 계층 구조 as well as institutions like family and religion.

그 나라의 계층 구조는 매우 엄격합니다. (The hierarchical structure of that country is very strict.)

Another alternative is 사회 시스템 (Social System), which is often used interchangeably with 사회구조 in modern, more casual or tech-influenced contexts. However, '구조' feels more academic and 'system' feels more functional.

사회구조 vs 사회적 틀 (Social Framework): 사회적 틀 (Social frame/mold) is a more metaphorical way to describe social structure. It is often used when talking about how society 'molds' individuals to behave in certain ways.

우리는 기존의 사회적 틀에서 벗어나야 합니다. (We must break out of the existing social framework.)

Understanding these subtle differences will allow you to choose the most precise word for your intended meaning, demonstrating a high level of linguistic competence in Korean.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

The word '사회' (society) was popularized in East Asia during the late 19th century as a translation for the Western concept of 'society'. Before that, '社' often referred to local community shrines.

発音ガイド

UK /sʰa.ɦwe.ɡu.dʑo/

US /sʰa.ɦwe.ɡu.dʑo/

In Korean, there is no strong word-level stress like in English, but the first syllable '사' is often slightly higher in pitch.

韻が合う語

구조 (Structure) 창조 (Creation) 협조 (Cooperation) 보조 (Assistance) 개조 (Remodeling) 원조 (Aid) 참조 (Reference) 위조 (Forgery)

よくある間違い

Pronouncing '회' as '헤' (he). It should be a diphthong 'hwe'.
Pronouncing '구' as '큐' (kyu). It's a plain 'g/k' sound.
Putting stress on the last syllable '조'. Keep it even.

難易度

読解 4/5

Requires understanding of Hanja-based academic terms.

ライティング 4/5

Difficult to use naturally without understanding social context.

スピーキング 3/5

Pronunciation is straightforward, but usage is rare in basic speech.

リスニング 3/5

Common in news and lectures; easy to recognize once learned.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

사회 (Society) 구조 (Structure) 사람 (Person) 나라 (Country) 변화 (Change)

次に学ぶ

사회 제도 (Social system) 계층 이동 (Social mobility) 불평등 (Inequality) 양극화 (Polarization) 다양성 (Diversity)

上級

구조주의 (Structuralism) 상부구조 (Superstructure) 하부구조 (Infrastructure/Base) 사회 통합 (Social integration)

知っておくべき文法

~적 (Suffix to create adjectives)

사회구조 + 적 = 사회구조적 (Social-structural)

~의 (Possessive particle)

사회구조의 변화 (Change of social structure)

~로 인한 (Due to/Resulting from)

사회구조로 인한 문제 (Problems caused by social structure)

~에 미치는 영향 (Influence on...)

사회구조가 개인에 미치는 영향 (The influence social structure has on individuals)

~을/를 바탕으로 (Based on...)

농업을 바탕으로 한 사회구조 (A social structure based on agriculture)

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レベル別の例文

사회구조는 어려워요.

Social structure is difficult.

Subject + Topic marker '는'

사회가 무엇입니까?

What is society?

Formal question ending

이것은 구조입니다.

This is a structure.

Simple identification

우리나라는 사회가 커요.

Our country's society is big.

Adjective '크다' (big)

학교는 사회의 일부예요.

School is a part of society.

Possessive marker '의'

사람들이 사회를 만들어요.

People make society.

Object marker '를'

가족 구조가 중요해요.

Family structure is important.

Noun + Noun compound

사회를 공부해요.

I study society.

Present tense verb

현대 사회구조는 복잡합니다.

Modern social structure is complex.

Formal polite ending

한국의 사회구조를 알고 싶어요.

I want to know the social structure of Korea.

V-고 싶다 (want to)

사회구조가 많이 변했습니다.

The social structure has changed a lot.

Past tense '변했다'

가족은 사회구조의 기초입니다.

Family is the basis of social structure.

Noun + 은/는 + Noun + 입니다

이 책은 사회구조에 대해 설명해요.

This book explains about social structure.

~에 대해 (about)

우리는 사회구조 안에서 살아요.

We live within a social structure.

Location marker '안에서'

사회구조가 다르면 문화도 달라요.

If the social structure is different, the culture is also different.

Conditional '-(으)면'

사회의 구조를 이해해야 합니다.

We must understand the structure of society.

Must-do '-(으)해야 합니다'

산업화 이후 사회구조가 급격히 바뀌었습니다.

The social structure changed rapidly after industrialization.

Adverb '급격히' (rapidly)

사회구조의 모순을 해결해야 합니다.

We must solve the contradictions of the social structure.

Noun '모순' (contradiction)

전통적인 사회구조에서는 계급이 중요했습니다.

In traditional social structures, class was important.

Adjective '전통적인' (traditional)

새로운 사회구조에 적응하는 것이 어렵습니다.

It is difficult to adapt to a new social structure.

Gerund '-는 것' (the act of)

이 문제는 사회구조와 밀접한 관련이 있습니다.

This problem is closely related to the social structure.

~와 밀접한 관련이 있다

사회구조를 분석하는 학문을 사회학이라고 합니다.

The study that analyzes social structure is called sociology.

Quotative '-(이)라고 합니다'

안정된 사회구조는 국가 발전에 필수적입니다.

A stable social structure is essential for national development.

Adjective '안정된' (stable)

사회구조가 개인의 삶에 큰 영향을 미칩니다.

Social structure has a great influence on individual lives.

~에 영향을 미치다 (to influence)

사회구조적 요인이 범죄율에 영향을 줄 수 있습니다.

Social-structural factors can influence crime rates.

Adjective '사회구조적' (social-structural)

불평등한 사회구조를 개선하기 위한 정책이 필요합니다.

Policies are needed to improve the unequal social structure.

~하기 위한 (for the purpose of)

가부장적 사회구조는 여성의 사회 진출을 방해했습니다.

The patriarchal social structure hindered women's social advancement.

Noun '가부장적' (patriarchal)

정보 사회로의 전환은 사회구조 전반에 변화를 가져왔습니다.

The transition to an information society brought changes across the entire social structure.

Noun '전반' (overall/entire)

사회구조가 고착화되면 계층 이동이 어려워집니다.

If the social structure becomes fixed, social mobility becomes difficult.

Verb '고착화되다' (to become fixed)

우리는 사회구조의 틀 안에서 행동을 선택합니다.

We choose our actions within the framework of the social structure.

Noun '틀' (framework/mold)

사회구조의 붕괴는 큰 혼란을 야기할 수 있습니다.

The collapse of the social structure can cause great confusion.

Verb '야기하다' (to cause/provoke)

사회의 역동성은 사회구조의 유연성에서 나옵니다.

The dynamism of a society comes from the flexibility of its social structure.

Noun '유연성' (flexibility)

마르크스는 경제적 토대가 사회구조를 결정한다고 보았습니다.

Marx viewed that the economic base determines the social structure.

Indirect speech '-고 보았다'

사회구조와 개인의 주체성 사이의 긴장 관계를 고찰해야 합니다.

We must examine the tension between social structure and individual agency.

Verb '고찰하다' (to examine/contemplate)

포스트모더니즘은 기존의 거대 사회구조를 해체하려 합니다.

Postmodernism seeks to deconstruct existing grand social structures.

Verb '해체하다' (to deconstruct)

기능주의 이론에 따르면 사회구조는 안정을 유지하려는 성향이 있습니다.

According to functionalist theory, social structure has a tendency to maintain stability.

~에 따르면 (according to)

사회구조의 재생산 과정에서 교육은 핵심적인 역할을 합니다.

Education plays a key role in the process of reproducing social structures.

Noun '재생산' (reproduction)

디지털 기술의 발달은 탈중심적 사회구조를 형성하고 있습니다.

The development of digital technology is forming a decentralized social structure.

Adjective '탈중심적' (decentralized)

사회구조의 모순이 임계점에 도달하면 혁명이 일어날 수 있습니다.

When the contradictions of a social structure reach a critical point, a revolution can occur.

Noun '임계점' (critical point)

지속 가능한 발전을 위해서는 사회구조의 근본적인 혁신이 필요합니다.

Fundamental innovation of the social structure is necessary for sustainable development.

Noun '혁신' (innovation)

기어츠는 문화를 사회구조를 해석하는 텍스트로 보았습니다.

Geertz viewed culture as a text for interpreting social structure.

Complex analytical sentence

사회구조의 복잡성은 단순한 환원주의적 접근을 거부합니다.

The complexity of social structure rejects a simple reductionist approach.

Noun '환원주의' (reductionism)

푸코는 권력 관계가 어떻게 사회구조 내에 내재화되는지 분석했습니다.

Foucault analyzed how power relations are internalized within the social structure.

Verb '내재화되다' (to be internalized)

사회구조의 유동성은 현대 사회의 가장 두드러진 특징 중 하나입니다.

The fluidity of social structure is one of the most prominent features of modern society.

Noun '유동성' (fluidity)

구조주의 언어학은 사회구조를 이해하는 새로운 지평을 열었습니다.

Structural linguistics opened a new horizon for understanding social structure.

Idiom '지평을 열다' (to open a horizon)

사회구조의 파편화는 공동체 의식의 약화를 초래했습니다.

The fragmentation of social structure resulted in the weakening of community spirit.

Verb '초래하다' (to result in/bring about)

우리는 사회구조의 결정론과 개인의 자유 의지 사이에서 균형을 찾아야 합니다.

We must find a balance between the determinism of social structure and individual free will.

Noun '결정론' (determinism)

지구촌 사회구조의 재편은 국가 간의 역학 관계를 변화시키고 있습니다.

The reorganization of the global social structure is changing the dynamics between nations.

Noun '역학 관계' (dynamics/power relations)

類義語

사회 체계 사회 조직

よく使う組み合わせ

사회구조의 변화

사회구조적 문제

사회구조를 개혁하다

사회구조를 분석하다

복잡한 사회구조

전통적 사회구조

사회구조의 모순

사회구조에 적응하다

사회구조의 붕괴

사회구조를 유지하다

よく使うフレーズ

사회구조가 복잡하다

— The social structure is complex.

현대 사회는 사회구조가 매우 복잡해서 이해하기 어렵습니다.

사회구조가 변하다

— The social structure changes.

세월이 흐르면서 사회구조가 많이 변했습니다.

사회구조를 바꾸다

— To change the social structure.

우리는 더 나은 세상을 위해 사회구조를 바꾸어야 합니다.

사회구조의 틀

— The framework of social structure.

그는 사회구조의 틀에 갇혀 있지 않으려 노력했습니다.

사회구조적 요인

— Social-structural factors.

성공에는 개인의 노력뿐만 아니라 사회구조적 요인도 작용합니다.

사회구조의 재편

— Reorganization of social structure.

4차 산업혁명은 사회구조의 재편을 요구합니다.

사회구조를 비판하다

— To criticize the social structure.

많은 작가들이 소설을 통해 사회구조를 비판했습니다.

사회구조의 안정

— Stability of the social structure.

사회구조의 안정은 국민의 행복과 직결됩니다.

사회구조를 이해하다

— To understand the social structure.

역사를 배우면 과거의 사회구조를 이해할 수 있습니다.

사회구조의 영향

— The influence of social structure.

사회구조의 영향으로 사람들의 가치관이 달라집니다.

よく混同される語

사회구조 vs 사회 제도

제도 refers to specific institutions or laws (like the law), while 구조 is the overall framework.

사회구조 vs 사회 분위기

분위기 refers to the 'atmosphere' or 'mood' of society, which is temporary, whereas 구조 is stable and long-term.

사회구조 vs 사회 구조 (with space)

Can mean 'social rescue' (helping people in danger), though this is a less common compound.

慣用句と表現

"사회의 톱니바퀴"

— A cog in the wheel of society (referring to an individual's small role in the structure).

나는 거대한 사회구조 속의 작은 톱니바퀴에 불과하다.

Metaphorical

"개천에서 용 난다"

— A dragon rises from a small stream (meaning someone from a low social structure achieving great success).

요즘 같은 사회구조에서는 개천에서 용 나기 힘들다.

Common Idiom

"금수저 흙수저"

— Gold spoon, dirt spoon (referring to the rigid class structure based on birth).

수저 계급론은 한국 사회구조의 불평등을 보여준다.

Slang/Modern Idiom

"사회적 안전망"

— Social safety net (part of the structure that protects the vulnerable).

사회구조 내에서 사회적 안전망을 강화해야 합니다.

Formal/Policy

"유리 천장"

— Glass ceiling (unseen structural barriers to advancement).

사회구조적인 유리 천장을 깨는 것이 중요합니다.

Formal/Social Issue

"철밥통"

— Iron rice bowl (referring to secure jobs like civil servants within the social structure).

공무원은 사회구조적으로 매우 안정된 직업이다.

Informal/Slang

"갑질"

— Abuse of power by someone in a higher social position.

갑질 문제는 수직적인 사회구조에서 비롯됩니다.

Modern Slang

"사다리 걷어차기"

— Kicking away the ladder (preventing others from rising in the social structure).

기득권층의 사다리 걷어차기는 사회구조를 경직시킵니다.

Political/Economic

"그들만의 리그"

— A league of their own (referring to an exclusive social structure for the elite).

상류층의 삶은 서민들에게 그들만의 리그처럼 느껴진다.

Informal

"벽에 부딪히다"

— To hit a wall (often used when facing structural barriers).

많은 청년들이 불공정한 사회구조라는 벽에 부딪힙니다.

Metaphorical

間違えやすい

사회구조 vs 구조 (Structure)

It can also mean 'rescue'.

Context determines meaning. In social contexts, it's almost always 'structure'.

건물 구조 (Building structure) vs. 인명 구조 (Rescue of lives).

사회구조 vs 조직 (Organization)

Both refer to how things are put together.

조직 is usually a specific group (like a company), while 구조 is the abstract framework.

회사 조직 (Company organization) vs. 사회구조 (Social structure).

사회구조 vs 체제 (System/Regime)

Both describe social order.

체제 is more ideological or political (Capitalism, Democracy).

정치 체제 (Political system) vs. 사회구조 (Social structure).

사회구조 vs 구성 (Composition)

Both talk about parts of a whole.

구성 is the ingredients/parts; 구조 is how those parts are connected and ranked.

인구 구성 (Population composition) vs. 사회구조 (Social structure).

사회구조 vs 틀 (Frame)

Both mean a framework.

틀 is more metaphorical or physical; 구조 is more technical and abstract.

생각의 틀 (Frame of thought) vs. 사회구조 (Social structure).

文型パターン

N은/는 사회구조의 일부이다.

가족은 사회구조의 일부이다.

사회구조가 급격히 변하고 있다.

산업화로 사회구조가 급격히 변하고 있다.

이것은 사회구조적인 문제이다.

청년 실업은 사회구조적인 문제이다.

사회구조를 개혁해야 한다.

불평등을 해소하기 위해 사회구조를 개혁해야 한다.

사회구조와 개인의 관계를 고찰하다.

사회구조와 개인의 관계를 심도 있게 고찰하다.

사회구조의 모순이 드러나다.

위기 상황에서 사회구조의 모순이 드러났다.

사회구조의 유동성이 증가하다.

디지털 시대에 사회구조의 유동성이 증가하고 있다.

사회구조를 해체하고 재구성하다.

기존의 사회구조를 해체하고 새로운 가치로 재구성하다.

語族

名詞

사회 (Society)

구조 (Structure)

사회학 (Sociology)

사회인 (Member of society)

구조물 (A structure/building)

動詞

사회화하다 (To socialize)

구조화하다 (To structure/organize)

재구조화하다 (To restructure)

形容詞

사회적 (Social)

사회구조적 (Social-structural)

구조적 (Structural)

使い方

frequency

High in news, academic writing, and formal discussions; Low in casual daily chatter.

よくある間違い

Using '사회구조' to mean 'social atmosphere'. → 사회 분위기
Structure is the permanent framework; atmosphere is the temporary feeling.
Spelling it as '사화구조'. → 사회구조
'사회' (society) is spelled with '회', not '화'.
Using it for small groups like a family of three. → 가족 구조
'사회' implies a large-scale community or nation.
Confusing '사회구조' (structure) with '사회구조' (rescue). → Context dependent
In writing, the context usually involves sociology or emergency services. Be careful with surrounding words.
Using '사회구조' when referring to a specific law. → 사회 제도
A law is a 'system/institution' (제도), not the entire 'structure' (구조).

ヒント

Learn with '변화'

Always learn '사회구조' with the word '변화' (change). '사회구조의 변화' is the most common phrase you will see in texts.

Use in TOPIK

In the TOPIK writing task 53 or 54, if the topic is about social changes, birth rates, or the elderly, use '사회구조' to increase your score.

Root Word '구조'

Notice '구조' (structure) appears in many words. If you learn it once, you can understand '경제구조', '정치구조', etc.

Think Hierarchically

When you think of '사회구조' in a Korean context, always consider the hierarchical (up-down) nature of Korean society.

News Keywords

Listen for '사회구조' when you hear news about '저출산' (low birth rate) or '고령화' (aging population). It's a key explanatory word.

Formal Debates

If you are in a Korean language class debate, start your sentence with '사회구조적인 측면에서 보면...' (Looking at it from a social-structural perspective...) to sound professional.

Skeleton Metaphor

Remember: 사회 (Society) + 구조 (Skeleton). Society's skeleton.

Adjective Suffix

Don't forget that adding '~적' makes it an adjective: '사회구조적' (social-structural).

Context Clues

If the text mentions '계급' (class), '제도' (system), or '가족' (family) together, it's likely discussing '사회구조'.

Avoid Casual Overuse

Don't use it to describe your group of friends. Use '우리 모임' or '우리 분위기' instead.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of a 'Society' (사회) being built like a 'Structure' (구조). Imagine the 'bones' of a city being the laws and schools.

視覚的連想

Visualize a giant building where each floor is a social class and the elevators are social mobility.

Word Web

사회 (Society) 구조 (Structure) 계급 (Class) 제도 (System) 변화 (Change) 문제 (Problem) 분석 (Analysis) 틀 (Frame)

チャレンジ

Try to use '사회구조' in a sentence about your own country today. For example: '미국의 사회구조는 매우 다양합니다.' (The social structure of the US is very diverse.)

語源

사회구조 is a Sino-Korean word composed of four Hanja characters: 社 (사), 會 (회), 構 (구), and 造 (조).

元の意味：社 (God of the land/Assembly) + 會 (Meeting) = Society; 構 (Build/Framework) + 造 (Make) = Structure.

Sino-Korean (Hanja)

文化的な背景

Be careful when discussing social structure in Korea, as it can be a sensitive political topic regarding inequality and the 'spoon theory'.

In English, 'social structure' sounds quite academic. In Korean, it is also formal but very common in news and educational settings.

The movie 'Parasite' (기생충) is a critique of modern social structure. The term 'Hell Joseon' (헬조선) critiques the rigid Korean social structure. Sociologist Max Weber's theories on social structure are widely studied in Korea.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

News/Politics

사회구조 개혁 (Social structure reform)
사회구조의 모순 (Contradiction of social structure)
사회구조적 요인 (Social-structural factors)
불공정한 사회구조 (Unfair social structure)

Education/History

전통적 사회구조 (Traditional social structure)
사회구조의 변천 (Transition of social structure)
신분제 사회구조 (Class-based social structure)
근대적 사회구조 (Modern social structure)

Sociology/Research

사회구조 분석 (Social structure analysis)
거시적 사회구조 (Macro social structure)
사회구조와 개인 (Social structure and the individual)
사회구조의 재생산 (Reproduction of social structure)

Economy

산업 사회구조 (Industrial social structure)
고용 사회구조 (Employment social structure)
소비 사회구조 (Consumption social structure)
경제적 사회구조 (Economic-social structure)

Daily Life (Serious Talk)

사회구조가 바뀌어야 해 (The social structure needs to change)
이건 사회구조 문제야 (This is a social structure problem)
사회구조에 적응하기 힘들어 (It's hard to adapt to the social structure)
복잡한 사회구조 속에서 (Within the complex social structure)

会話のきっかけ

"한국의 사회구조에 대해 어떻게 생각하세요? (What do you think about Korea's social structure?)"

"당신 나라의 사회구조는 한국과 어떻게 다른가요? (How is your country's social structure different from Korea's?)"

"사회구조가 개인의 행복에 얼마나 영향을 미친다고 보십니까? (How much do you think social structure affects individual happiness?)"

"미래에는 사회구조가 어떻게 변할까요? (How will the social structure change in the future?)"

"불평등한 사회구조를 바꾸려면 무엇이 가장 필요할까요? (What is most needed to change an unequal social structure?)"

日記のテーマ

내가 생각하는 이상적인 사회구조에 대해 써 보세요. (Write about the ideal social structure you imagine.)

현대 사회구조가 나에게 주는 장점과 단점은 무엇인가요? (What are the pros and cons of the modern social structure for you?)

역사 속에서 가장 흥미로운 사회구조는 무엇이었나요? (What was the most interesting social structure in history?)

사회구조적 문제를 해결하기 위한 나의 작은 실천은 무엇이 있을까요? (What small actions can I take to solve social-structural problems?)

기술의 발전이 우리 사회구조를 어떻게 바꾸고 있는지 설명해 보세요. (Explain how the development of technology is changing our social structure.)

よくある質問

10 問

아니요, 일상적인 대화에서는 자주 쓰지 않습니다. 하지만 뉴스, 신문, 책에서는 아주 자주 나오는 단어입니다. 진지한 토론을 할 때 사용하면 좋습니다.

'사회제도'는 법이나 관습처럼 구체적인 시스템을 말하고, '사회구조'는 그런 제도들이 모여서 만드는 더 크고 추상적인 틀을 말합니다.

네, TOPIK II (중급/고급) 읽기와 쓰기 영역에서 사회 문제를 다룰 때 매우 자주 등장하는 필수 단어입니다.

어떤 문제의 원인이 개인에게 있는 것이 아니라 사회의 틀 자체에 있을 때 '사회구조적 문제'라고 표현합니다.

가장 정확한 번역은 'Social structure'입니다.

네, 가족은 사회를 구성하는 가장 기본적인 단위이기 때문에 가족 구조의 변화는 사회구조의 변화로 간주됩니다.

딱 정해진 반대말은 없지만, 맥락에 따라 '개인' 또는 '사회 해체' 등이 반대되는 개념으로 쓰일 수 있습니다.

사회를 하나의 큰 건물이라고 한다면, 그 건물을 지탱하는 기둥과 벽, 층수 등이 바로 사회구조입니다.

네, '건물 구조', '문장 구조', '인체 구조' 등 무언가의 틀을 말할 때 항상 쓰입니다.

매우 지적이고 분석적인 느낌을 줍니다. 사회 현상을 깊이 있게 이해하고 있다는 인상을 줄 수 있습니다.

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