A1 · 初級 チャプター 9

Me, You, and Them

3 トータルルール
20 例文
1 分
このチャプターのルール クイック練習

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of addressing yourself, your friends, and everyone else with confidence in Punjabi.

  • Identify the first-person singular and plural pronouns.
  • Distinguish between informal and respectful ways to address others.
  • Refer to third parties using proximity-based pronouns.
Speak with respect: Navigating Punjabi personal pronouns.

学べること

Personal pronouns in Punjabi across different levels of formality. Learn the distinction between 'Tu', 'Tusi', and 'Aap'.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Use 'Main' and 'Assi' to talk about yourself and your group.

重要な例文 (4)

1

ਤੂੰ ਕੀ ਕਰ ਰਿਹਾ ਹੈਂ?

What are you doing?

パンジャブ語の「あなた」：親称と敬称 (Tu & Tusi)
2

ਤੁਸੀਂ ਕੀ ਕਰ ਰਹੇ ਹੋ?

What are you doing?

パンジャブ語の「あなた」：親称と敬称 (Tu & Tusi)
3

Eh mera dost hai.

This is my friend (nearby).

パンジャブ語の三人称代名詞：彼、彼女 (Eh, Oh)
4

Oh kaun hai?

Who is that (over there)?

パンジャブ語の三人称代名詞：彼、彼女 (Eh, Oh)

ヒントとコツ (3)

💡

Listen to native speakers

Pay attention to how they use 'ਮੈਨੂੰ' for feelings.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: First Person (Main, Assi)
🎯

The Safety Default

When in doubt, always use Tusi. No one ever got in trouble for being too polite, but using Tu with the wrong person can get awkward fast.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: パンジャブ語の「あなた」：親称と敬称 (Tu & Tusi)
🎯

The 'Pointing' Rule

If you have to extend your arm fully to point at them, they are almost always an oh.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: パンジャブ語の三人称代名詞：彼、彼女 (Eh, Oh)

重要な語彙 (6)

ਮੈਂ (Main) I ਅਸੀਂ (Assi) We ਤੂੰ (Tu) You (informal) ਤੁਸੀਂ (Tusi) You (formal/plural) ਇਹ (Eh) This/He/She (near) ਉਹ (Oh) That/He/She (far)

Real-World Preview

coffee

Meeting a New Friend

Review Summary

  • Main (I) / Assi (We)
  • Tu (informal) / Tusi (formal)
  • Eh (near) / Oh (far)

よくある間違い

Using 'Tu' with a teacher is disrespectful. Always use 'Tusi' for authority figures.

Wrong: ਤੂੰ ਕਿਵੇਂ ਹੋ? (To a teacher)
正解: ਤੁਸੀਂ ਕਿਵੇਂ ਹੋ? (To a teacher)

Main is strictly singular. Use Assi for plural.

Wrong: ਮੈਂ ਦੋਸਤ ਹਾਂ। (We are friends)
正解: ਅਸੀਂ ਦੋਸਤ ਹਾਂ। (We are friends)

Do not use third-person pronouns for yourself.

Wrong: ਉਹ ਮੇਰਾ ਦੋਸਤ ਹੈ (pointing at self)
正解: ਮੈਂ ਅਮਿਤ ਹਾਂ (pointing at self)

Next Steps

You are making amazing progress! Keep practicing these pronouns until they feel like second nature.

Write a diary entry using only these pronouns

Continue to: The Magic of Postpositions

クイック練習 (10)

Which sentence refers to someone far away?

Select the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Oh kaun hai?
'Oh' is used for distance, whereas 'Eh' is for proximity.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: パンジャブ語の三人称代名詞：彼、彼女 (Eh, Oh)

Fill in the blank with the correct verb ending for a formal 'you'.

Tusi kive ___?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ho
Tusi always pairs with ho in the present tense to show respect or plurality.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: パンジャブ語の「あなた」：親称と敬称 (Tu & Tusi)

Choose the correct possessive.

___ ਦੋਸਤ ਆ ਰਹੇ ਹਨ।

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ਮੇਰੇ
Plural agreement.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: First Person (Main, Assi)

Fill in the blank for someone standing next to you.

___ mera bhara hai.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eh
We use 'Eh' for people who are physically near us.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: パンジャブ語の三人称代名詞：彼、彼女 (Eh, Oh)

Which sentence is most appropriate for a job interview?

Choose the correct formal sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Tusi ki karde ho?
Tusi + -de verb ending + ho is the correct formal construction.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: パンジャブ語の「あなた」：親称と敬称 (Tu & Tusi)

Correct the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

ਮੇਰਾ ਭੈਣ ਆ ਰਹੀ ਹੈ।

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ਮੇਰੀ ਭੈਣ
Gender agreement.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: First Person (Main, Assi)

Fill in the blank.

___ ਖੁਸ਼ ਹਾਂ।

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ਮੈਂ
Subjective case.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: First Person (Main, Assi)

Fix the pronoun for a person who is not in the room.

Find and fix the mistake:

Eh mera dost hai (but the friend is at home).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Oh mera dost hai.
If the person is not present, 'Oh' is the correct third-person pronoun.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: パンジャブ語の三人称代名詞：彼、彼女 (Eh, Oh)

Fix the mismatch between the pronoun and the verb ending.

Find and fix the mistake:

Tu kithe ja rahe ho?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Tu kithe ja reha hai?
Tu requires the singular ending reha and the auxiliary hai.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: パンジャブ語の「あなた」：親称と敬称 (Tu & Tusi)

Choose the correct pronoun.

___ ਭੁੱਖ ਲੱਗੀ ਹੈ।

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ਮੈਨੂੰ
Dative case for feelings.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: First Person (Main, Assi)

Score: /10

よくある質問 (6)

In Punjabi, feelings are expressed as something happening 'to me'.
Yes, in the present tense.
Not inherently! It's about closeness. Using it with a best friend is a sign of love. Using it with a stranger is rude.
You can, but it might sound like you're being sarcastic or making fun of him for acting 'too grown up.'
Yes, both eh and oh serve as 'it.' Use eh for an object in your hand and oh for one across the room.
You have to listen to the verb or context. For example, 'Eh janda hai' (He goes) vs 'Eh jandi hai' (She goes).
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Pluralizing the World
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The Magic of Postpositions
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