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A2 adjective #2,000 よく出る 15分で読める

industrial

上位2,000

At the A1 level, the word 'industrial' is introduced as a simple adjective to describe things that come from a factory. It looks and sounds very similar to the English word, which makes it easy to remember. You will learn to use it with basic nouns. For example, you might learn the phrase 'a zona industrial', which means the area in a city where all the factories are located. You might also use it to talk about food, like 'pão industrial' (factory-made bread) compared to bread made at home. At this stage, the most important thing is to remember that the word goes after the noun, not before it. You say 'cidade industrial' (industrial city), not 'industrial cidade'. You also learn that it doesn't change if the word before it is masculine or feminine. It is always 'industrial'. This word helps you describe the modern world around you in simple terms.

At the A2 level, your understanding of 'industrial' expands beyond just 'factory-made'. You start using it to describe the economy, jobs, and the environment. You will learn phrases like 'trabalhador industrial' (industrial worker) and 'produção industrial' (industrial production). You will also learn how to make the word plural. Instead of adding an 's', you change the 'l' to 'is', making it 'industriais'. For example, 'produtos industriais' (industrial products). At this level, you can use the word to express preferences, such as saying you prefer 'comida natural' over 'comida industrial'. You can also use it to describe places more accurately, explaining that a 'parque industrial' is a place with many businesses and machines. It becomes a useful tool for talking about daily life, shopping habits, and basic geography.

At the B1 level, 'industrial' becomes a key word for discussing history, society, and the environment in more detail. You will encounter it frequently when learning about the 'Revolução Industrial' (Industrial Revolution) and how it changed society from farming to manufacturing. You will use it to discuss the pros and cons of modern life, such as 'desenvolvimento industrial' (industrial development) versus 'poluição industrial' (industrial pollution). You will be expected to use the plural form 'industriais' correctly and consistently in your writing and speaking. Furthermore, you will start to understand its use in interior design, such as 'estilo industrial', which is very common in modern culture. You will also learn the idiomatic expression 'em quantidades industriais' to exaggerate how much of something there is, showing a more natural and fluent grasp of the language.

At the B2 level, you are expected to use 'industrial' in more complex and abstract contexts, particularly those related to business, economics, and policy. You will discuss topics like 'política industrial' (industrial policy), 'propriedade industrial' (industrial property, like patents), and 'espionagem industrial' (industrial espionage). You will be able to read news articles and understand reports about the 'setor industrial' and its impact on the GDP. You will also be able to contrast 'industrial' with more specific synonyms like 'fabril' or 'manufaturado', understanding the subtle differences in meaning. Your ability to use the word will be fluid, and you will naturally integrate it into debates about sustainability, urban planning, and the future of manufacturing in a globalized world.

At the C1 level, your use of 'industrial' reflects a high degree of fluency and an ability to engage in sophisticated academic or professional discourse. You will analyze the socio-economic impacts of 'desindustrialização' (deindustrialization) and the shift towards post-industrial societies. You will use the word effortlessly in complex sentence structures, discussing the intricacies of 'complexos industriais' (industrial complexes) and global supply chains. You will understand and use highly specific terminology, such as 'simbiose industrial' (industrial symbiosis) in environmental engineering or 'relações industriais' (industrial relations) in human resources and labor union contexts. Your vocabulary will be rich enough to express nuanced opinions on how industrialization intersects with culture, politics, and environmental ethics, using the word not just as a descriptor, but as a core concept in critical analysis.

At the C2 level, you possess a near-native mastery of the word 'industrial' and its entire lexical family. You can navigate highly specialized texts, whether they are legal documents concerning 'direitos de propriedade industrial', advanced economic treatises on 'neo-industrialização', or historical critiques of the 'complexo militar-industrial'. You understand the deep etymological roots and the subtle cultural connotations the word carries in different Portuguese-speaking regions. You can play with the word stylistically in your writing, using it metaphorically or ironically. You are fully capable of leading professional presentations, academic lectures, or high-level negotiations where precise terminology regarding industrial processes, regulations, and macro-economic trends is paramount. Your usage is flawless, demonstrating complete command over its syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic dimensions.

練習する例文メモとヒント

industrial 30秒で

Relating to factories and manufacturing.
Mass-produced, not handmade.
An aesthetic style using raw materials.
Invariable adjective (same for masc/fem).

The Portuguese adjective 'industrial' is a fundamental vocabulary word that directly translates to its English cognate, 'industrial'. It is used to describe anything related to industry, manufacturing, factories, or the large-scale production of goods. Understanding this word is crucial for learners at the A2 level and beyond, as it frequently appears in everyday conversations, news broadcasts, educational materials, and professional environments. The word originates from the Latin 'industria', meaning diligence or purposeful activity, which evolved over centuries to represent the mechanized production processes we recognize today. In both European and Brazilian Portuguese, 'industrial' is a uniform adjective, meaning it has the same form for both masculine and feminine nouns. For example, you would say 'o setor industrial' (the industrial sector) and 'a zona industrial' (the industrial zone). The plural form is 'industriais', following the standard Portuguese grammar rule for words ending in '-al', where the 'l' is dropped and 'is' is added. This makes it 'os setores industriais' and 'as zonas industriais'.

Literal Meaning: Relating to the large-scale manufacturing of goods in factories using machinery and specialized labor.
Figurative Meaning: Produced in massive, almost excessive quantities, often lacking a personal or artisanal touch.
Aesthetic Meaning: A design style characterized by raw materials like exposed brick, metal, and concrete, mimicking old factories.

The concept of industrialization has profoundly shaped the modern Lusophone world. In Brazil, the industrial push during the mid-20th century, particularly under presidents like Getúlio Vargas and Juscelino Kubitschek, transformed the country from a primarily agrarian economy into a regional manufacturing powerhouse. The ABC Paulista region near São Paulo is a prime example of a massive 'polo industrial' (industrial hub) that drove economic growth and urbanization. Similarly, in Portugal, areas like Sines and the outskirts of Porto and Lisbon are known for their significant 'parques industriais' (industrial parks).

A construção da nova fábrica vai impulsionar o desenvolvimento industrial da região.

When discussing food, 'industrial' is often contrasted with 'artesanal' (artisanal) or 'caseiro' (homemade). For instance, 'pão industrial' refers to the sliced bread you buy in plastic bags at the supermarket, which is mass-produced and contains preservatives to extend its shelf life. In contrast, 'pão artesanal' is baked in small batches using traditional methods. This distinction is important in modern consumer culture, where there is a growing preference for organic and artisanal products over industrial ones.

Eu prefiro comer bolo caseiro em vez de bolo industrial cheio de conservantes.

Environmental discussions also heavily rely on this word. Terms like 'poluição industrial' (industrial pollution) and 'resíduos industriais' (industrial waste) are critical when talking about climate change, river contamination, and air quality. Governments and environmental agencies frequently debate how to regulate 'atividades industriais' (industrial activities) to minimize their ecological footprint while maintaining economic stability. In the realm of design and architecture, the 'estilo industrial' has gained immense popularity. This aesthetic embraces the raw, unfinished look of old factories and warehouses, featuring exposed pipes, brick walls, and concrete floors. Many modern apartments, cafes, and offices are designed with this 'toque industrial' (industrial touch) to create a trendy, urban atmosphere.

O arquiteto escolheu um design industrial para o novo restaurante no centro da cidade.

Furthermore, the word appears in legal and corporate contexts. 'Propriedade industrial' (industrial property) refers to patents, trademarks, and industrial designs, which are crucial for protecting intellectual property in the business world. 'Espionagem industrial' (industrial espionage) is the illegal practice of stealing trade secrets from competitor companies.

A empresa foi acusada de espionagem industrial para roubar a tecnologia do concorrente.

In summary, 'industrial' is a versatile and essential word in Portuguese that bridges the gap between tangible manufacturing processes and broader concepts of economic development, environmental impact, consumer choices, and modern aesthetics. By mastering its various contexts and collocations, learners can significantly enhance their ability to engage in complex discussions and comprehend a wide range of texts in Portuguese.

Minha avó fez comida em quantidades industriais para a festa de domingo.

Using the adjective 'industrial' correctly in Portuguese involves understanding its syntactic placement, its agreement rules, and the specific contexts where it naturally occurs. As an adjective, 'industrial' is primarily used to modify nouns, providing more information about their nature, origin, or style. The most fundamental rule to remember is that, like most adjectives in Portuguese, 'industrial' typically follows the noun it modifies. For example, we say 'a produção industrial' (the industrial production) and 'o engenheiro industrial' (the industrial engineer). Placing it before the noun is highly unusual and would sound unnatural to native speakers, except perhaps in highly poetic or stylized literary contexts, which are rare for such a pragmatic word.

Placement: Always place 'industrial' after the noun it describes in everyday communication.
Gender Agreement: It is an invariable adjective regarding gender. It remains 'industrial' for both masculine and feminine nouns.
Number Agreement: To form the plural, drop the final 'l' and add 'is', resulting in 'industriais'.

Let's delve deeper into the agreement rules. Because 'industrial' ends in the consonant 'l', it belongs to a class of adjectives that are uniform in gender. This simplifies things for learners, as you do not need to worry about changing the ending to '-o' or '-a'. You simply say 'o complexo industrial' (masculine) and 'a máquina industrial' (feminine). However, you must pay attention to number agreement. When the noun is plural, the adjective must also be pluralized. The rule for words ending in '-al' is to replace the 'l' with 'is'. Therefore, 'o produto industrial' becomes 'os produtos industriais', and 'a zona industrial' becomes 'as zonas industriais'.

Os resíduos industriais devem ser tratados antes de serem descartados no rio.

In terms of usage contexts, 'industrial' is incredibly versatile. It is heavily used in economics and business. You will frequently encounter phrases like 'setor industrial' (industrial sector), 'crescimento industrial' (industrial growth), and 'política industrial' (industrial policy). In these contexts, the word conveys a sense of macro-economic scale and organized manufacturing.

O governo anunciou novas medidas para apoiar o setor industrial durante a crise.

Another common area of usage is in geography and urban planning. Cities are often divided into zones, and the 'zona industrial' or 'distrito industrial' is the area specifically designated for factories, warehouses, and heavy machinery, usually kept separate from residential areas to minimize noise and pollution. In everyday conversation, you might use 'industrial' to describe the quality or origin of food and consumer goods. As mentioned earlier, contrasting 'industrial' with 'artesanal' is very common. If you say a food item has a 'sabor industrial' (industrial taste), you are usually implying it tastes artificial, overly processed, or lacking the authentic flavor of home-cooked food. This is a slightly pejorative use of the word.

Este molho de tomate tem um gosto muito industrial, prefiro o que a minha mãe faz.

Furthermore, the phrase 'em quantidades industriais' is a fantastic idiomatic expression to add to your vocabulary. It is used hyperbolically to describe a massive, almost absurd amount of something, usually food or drink. If you host a party and cook way too much food, you can say 'Cozinhei em quantidades industriais!'. Finally, in educational settings, particularly history classes, the 'Revolução Industrial' is a mandatory topic. Knowing how to discuss the historical shift from manual labor to machine-based manufacturing requires a solid grasp of this adjective and its related noun, 'indústria'.

A Revolução Industrial começou na Inglaterra no século dezoito e mudou o mundo para sempre.

By paying attention to its placement after the noun, remembering its uniform gender but specific pluralization rule, and practicing its use in various contexts from economics to everyday exaggerations, you will confidently integrate 'industrial' into your active Portuguese vocabulary.

The adjective 'industrial' is ubiquitous in Portuguese-speaking environments, appearing across a wide spectrum of contexts, from formal news broadcasts to casual everyday conversations. Because the concept of industry is so deeply woven into modern society, the word naturally surfaces whenever topics related to the economy, urban planning, consumer goods, history, or the environment are discussed. One of the most common places you will hear 'industrial' is in the news. Economic reports frequently analyze the performance of the 'setor industrial' (industrial sector) or discuss 'produção industrial' (industrial production) as key indicators of a country's financial health. Journalists and economists use these terms to explain whether the manufacturing base of a country like Brazil or Portugal is expanding or contracting.

News & Media: Used daily in economic reports, discussing production rates, factory closures, or new investments.
Education: A staple in history and geography classes when teaching about the Industrial Revolution and urban development.
Real Estate & Design: Commonly used to describe property zoning (zona industrial) or interior design aesthetics (estilo industrial).

In educational settings, 'industrial' is a foundational vocabulary word. Students learn about the 'Revolução Industrial' (Industrial Revolution) in history classes, studying how the shift to mechanized production altered human society. In geography, they study the distribution of 'parques industriais' (industrial parks) and how 'poluição industrial' (industrial pollution) affects local ecosystems.

O professor de geografia explicou como a concentração industrial afeta a qualidade do ar nas grandes cidades.

If you are traveling or living in a Portuguese-speaking country, you will frequently encounter the word on road signs and maps. Signs pointing to the 'Zona Industrial' or 'Polo Industrial' are everywhere, directing truck drivers and commuters to the areas where factories, large warehouses, and wholesale businesses are located. These areas are usually situated on the outskirts of cities to keep heavy traffic and noise away from residential zones.

Siga as placas para a zona industrial se você quiser encontrar a fábrica de móveis.

In the context of food and consumer habits, 'industrial' is a word you will hear in supermarkets, restaurants, and kitchens. As people become more conscious of their diets, the distinction between 'comida industrial' (industrial/processed food) and 'comida natural' or 'artesanal' is a frequent topic of conversation. You might hear someone complain that a certain brand of cookies tastes too 'industrial', meaning it tastes artificial and mass-produced. The world of interior design and architecture has also heavily adopted the word. The 'estilo industrial' (industrial style) is a massive trend. If you watch home renovation shows in Portuguese or read design magazines, you will constantly hear descriptions of spaces featuring 'design industrial', characterized by exposed brickwork, metal beams, and minimalist, functional furniture.

Eles reformaram o apartamento antigo e deram a ele um visual industrial muito moderno.

Finally, in corporate and legal environments, terms like 'propriedade industrial' (industrial property, referring to patents and trademarks) and 'segurança industrial' (industrial safety, referring to workplace safety protocols in factories) are standard terminology.

A lei de propriedade industrial protege as invenções das empresas contra cópias não autorizadas.

By tuning your ear to these various contexts—from the evening news discussing the economy to a friend describing their new loft apartment—you will quickly realize how essential the word 'industrial' is for navigating modern Portuguese.

While 'industrial' is a cognate that English speakers easily recognize, there are several common mistakes learners make regarding its pronunciation, pluralization, and contextual usage in Portuguese. Addressing these pitfalls early on will significantly improve your fluency and help you sound more like a native speaker. The most frequent error relates to pronunciation, specifically the final 'l'. In English, the 'l' in 'industrial' is a clear, alveolar consonant. However, in Portuguese, the pronunciation of this final 'l' varies significantly depending on the region, and applying the English pronunciation is a dead giveaway of a foreign accent.

Brazilian Pronunciation: In most of Brazil, the final 'l' vocalizes into a 'u' sound. Therefore, 'industrial' sounds like 'in-dus-tri-AU'.
European Pronunciation: In Portugal, the final 'l' is a 'dark L' (velarized), pronounced at the back of the throat, similar to the 'l' in the English word 'full', but heavier.
Stress Placement: The stress falls on the final syllable: in-dus-tri-AL. English speakers often mistakenly stress the second syllable (in-DUS-tri-al).

Another major area where learners stumble is pluralization. Because the word looks identical to English, it is tempting to simply add an 's' to make it plural, resulting in the incorrect form 'industrials'. In Portuguese, adjectives ending in '-al' form their plural by dropping the 'l' and adding '-is'. Therefore, the correct plural is 'industriais'. This rule applies universally, so you must remember to say 'zonas industriais', 'produtos industriais', and 'processos industriais'.

Incorreto: As zonas industrials. Correto: As zonas industriais ficam longe do centro.

A third common mistake involves gender agreement. Some learners, accustomed to changing adjective endings to match masculine (-o) or feminine (-a) nouns, might try to invent a feminine form like 'industriala'. This is entirely incorrect. 'Industrial' is a uniform adjective; it does not change based on gender. It is always 'o parque industrial' and 'a máquina industrial'. Contextually, English speakers sometimes misuse 'industrial' when they actually mean 'industrious' (hardworking). In English, you might say 'He is an industrious worker'. If you translate this directly to 'Ele é um trabalhador industrial', a Portuguese speaker will understand that he works in a factory, not that he is hardworking. To say someone is hardworking, you should use words like 'trabalhador', 'esforçado', or 'diligente'.

Para dizer que alguém trabalha muito, use 'esforçado', não industrial.

Finally, word order is a frequent stumbling block. In English, the adjective precedes the noun ('industrial zone'). In Portuguese, the adjective almost always follows the noun ('zona industrial'). Placing it before the noun ('industrial zona') sounds extremely foreign and grammatically incorrect in everyday speech.

O engenheiro visitou a planta industrial para verificar as novas máquinas.

By mastering the final syllable stress, the '-is' pluralization, the uniform gender rule, the distinction from 'industrious', and the correct post-noun placement, you will eliminate the most common errors associated with this word and communicate with much greater precision and confidence.

Expanding your vocabulary involves not just learning a single word, but understanding the web of related terms that surround it. While 'industrial' is a highly versatile adjective, Portuguese offers several synonyms and related words that can add nuance and precision to your speech and writing. Depending on the exact context—whether you are talking about manufacturing, business, or scale—choosing the right alternative can make your Portuguese sound much more sophisticated. The most direct synonym for 'industrial' when referring to manufacturing is 'fabril'. Derived from 'fábrica' (factory), 'fabril' specifically pertains to the physical environment of a factory or the workers within it. While 'industrial' can refer to the entire economic sector or abstract concepts like 'industrial policy', 'fabril' is more grounded in the actual production facility.

Fabril: Relating specifically to factories and factory workers. Example: 'O operário fabril' (The factory worker).
Manufaturado: Refers to goods that have been processed or made by hand or machinery, contrasting with raw materials. Example: 'Produtos manufaturados' (Manufactured goods).
Mecanizado: Focuses on the use of machines rather than manual labor. Example: 'Agricultura mecanizada' (Mechanized agriculture).

When discussing goods, 'manufaturado' is an excellent alternative. It emphasizes that a product has undergone a process of creation, transforming raw materials into a finished item. You will often see this in economic contexts when comparing the export of raw materials (matérias-primas) versus 'produtos manufaturados'.

O país exporta muita soja, mas importa muitos produtos manufaturados e bens de capital.

If the focus is on the business or corporate aspect rather than the physical manufacturing, words like 'empresarial' (corporate/business) or 'comercial' (commercial) might be more appropriate. While an 'empresa industrial' is a manufacturing company, an 'empresa comercial' focuses on buying and selling. Understanding these distinctions is vital for business Portuguese. When contrasting 'industrial' with other concepts, the most common antonyms are 'artesanal' (artisanal/handmade), 'caseiro' (homemade), and 'agrícola' (agricultural). 'Artesanal' implies a product made with skill, care, and manual labor, often in small batches, which is the exact opposite of mass-produced 'industrial' goods. 'Agrícola' contrasts the secondary sector of the economy (manufacturing) with the primary sector (farming).

A transição de uma economia puramente agrícola para uma economia industrial trouxe muitos desafios sociais.

Another related term is 'sintético' (synthetic) or 'artificial' (artificial). When people complain about 'comida industrial', they are often implying that it is full of synthetic ingredients and lacks natural qualities. In this context, 'industrial' becomes almost synonymous with 'artificial'.

O médico recomendou que ele evitasse alimentos industrializados para melhorar sua saúde.

By familiarizing yourself with words like 'fabril', 'manufaturado', 'artesanal', and 'industrializado', you can express yourself with much greater accuracy. You will be able to distinguish between the physical factory environment, the economic sector, the method of production, and the quality of the final product, demonstrating a deeper mastery of the Portuguese language.

How Formal Is It?

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知っておくべき文法

レベル別の例文

A fábrica fica na zona industrial.

The factory is in the industrial zone.

'Zona' is feminine, but 'industrial' remains unchanged.

Eu não gosto de pão industrial.

I don't like factory-made bread.

Used here to contrast with homemade or artisanal bread.

Esta é uma cidade muito industrial.

This is a very industrial city.

Adjective follows the noun 'cidade'.

O carro é um produto industrial.

The car is an industrial product.

Modifying the masculine noun 'produto'.

Eles trabalham no setor industrial.

They work in the industrial sector.

'Setor' is a common noun paired with 'industrial'.

A máquina industrial é muito grande.

The industrial machine is very big.

Modifying the feminine noun 'máquina'.

Nós visitamos o parque industrial hoje.

We visited the industrial park today.

'Parque industrial' is a fixed phrase for a business area.

O lixo industrial é um problema.

Industrial waste is a problem.

'Lixo' (trash/waste) modified by 'industrial'.

A produção industrial do país aumentou este ano.

The country's industrial production increased this year.

'Produção industrial' is a key economic term.

Muitos trabalhadores industriais perderam seus empregos.

Many industrial workers lost their jobs.

Notice the plural form 'industriais' matching 'trabalhadores'.

O rio está sujo por causa da poluição industrial.

The river is dirty because of industrial pollution.

'Poluição industrial' is a common environmental phrase.

Eu prefiro comprar móveis de madeira, não industriais.

I prefer to buy wooden furniture, not industrial ones.

Plural adjective used independently to refer back to 'móveis'.

A nova zona industrial vai criar muitos empregos.

The new industrial zone will create many jobs.

Future tense with 'vai criar'.

O design industrial deste restaurante é muito moderno.

The industrial design of this restaurant is very modern.

Refers to the aesthetic style.

Eles usam equipamentos industriais pesados na construção.

They use heavy industrial equipment in construction.

Multiple adjectives: 'industriais' and 'pesados'.

A comida industrializada geralmente tem muito sal.

Industrialized food usually has a lot of salt.

Using the related participle 'industrializada'.

A Revolução Industrial mudou completamente a sociedade europeia.

The Industrial Revolution completely changed European society.

Proper noun phrase 'Revolução Industrial'.

O desenvolvimento industrial deve ser equilibrado com a proteção ambiental.

Industrial development must be balanced with environmental protection.

Complex subject 'desenvolvimento industrial'.

Minha mãe fez bolo em quantidades industriais para a festa.

My mother made cake in industrial quantities for the party.

Idiomatic expression 'em quantidades industriais' meaning a lot.

O governo quer atrair mais investimento industrial para a região norte.

The government wants to attract more industrial investment to the northern region.

'Investimento industrial' is a formal economic collocation.

A transição de uma economia agrícola para industrial foi rápida.

The transition from an agricultural to an industrial economy was fast.

Contrasting 'agrícola' and 'industrial'.

Os resíduos industriais precisam de tratamento especial antes do descarte.

Industrial waste needs special treatment before disposal.

Formal vocabulary 'resíduos' instead of 'lixo'.

O engenheiro projetou um novo robô para a linha de montagem industrial.

The engineer designed a new robot for the industrial assembly line.

'Linha de montagem' paired with 'industrial'.

Muitos edifícios antigos foram convertidos em lofts de estilo industrial.

Many old buildings were converted into industrial-style lofts.

Describing architectural renovation trends.

A espionagem industrial é um crime grave que afeta a competitividade das empresas.

Industrial espionage is a serious crime that affects companies' competitiveness.

Advanced vocabulary 'espionagem industrial'.

O registro de patentes é fundamental para garantir a propriedade industrial.

Patent registration is fundamental to guarantee industrial property.

Legal terminology 'propriedade industrial'.

A automação está transformando o parque industrial do país em um ritmo acelerado.

Automation is transforming the country's industrial park at an accelerated pace.

Using 'parque industrial' to mean the collective manufacturing capacity.

As políticas de fomento industrial visam aumentar a exportação de bens manufaturados.

Industrial promotion policies aim to increase the export of manufactured goods.

Complex phrasing 'políticas de fomento industrial'.

O sindicato negocia melhores condições para os trabalhadores do setor fabril e industrial.

The union negotiates better conditions for workers in the manufacturing and industrial sector.

Using 'fabril' and 'industrial' together for precision.

A simbiose industrial permite que o resíduo de uma fábrica seja a matéria-prima de outra.

Industrial symbiosis allows the waste of one factory to be the raw material of another.

Highly specific environmental engineering concept.

O declínio da atividade industrial na região levou a um aumento do desemprego.

The decline of industrial activity in the region led to an increase in unemployment.

Discussing macro-economic trends.

Eles implementaram rigorosos protocolos de segurança industrial para evitar acidentes.

They implemented rigorous industrial safety protocols to prevent accidents.

Workplace safety terminology.

A desindustrialização precoce é um fenômeno que preocupa os economistas em países em desenvolvimento.

Premature deindustrialization is a phenomenon that worries economists in developing countries.

Using the derived noun 'desindustrialização'.

O complexo militar-industrial exerce uma influência desmesurada sobre a política externa da nação.

The military-industrial complex exerts an inordinate influence on the nation's foreign policy.

Advanced political science terminology.

A transição para a Indústria 4.0 exige uma reestruturação completa do tecido industrial existente.

The transition to Industry 4.0 requires a complete restructuring of the existing industrial fabric.

Metaphorical use of 'tecido industrial' (industrial fabric).

As disputas sobre direitos de propriedade industrial frequentemente acabam em litígios internacionais complexos.

Disputes over industrial property rights frequently end in complex international litigation.

Advanced legal context.

O patrimônio industrial da cidade, antes negligenciado, está sendo revitalizado para fins culturais.

The city's industrial heritage, previously neglected, is being revitalized for cultural purposes.

'Patrimônio industrial' refers to historical industrial sites.

A hegemonia industrial daquela nação foi construída à custa de pesados subsídios estatais.

That nation's industrial hegemony was built at the expense of heavy state subsidies.

Academic vocabulary 'hegemonia'.

A pegada de carbono do setor agroindustrial é frequentemente subestimada nos relatórios climáticos.

The carbon footprint of the agro-industrial sector is frequently underestimated in climate reports.

Compound adjective 'agroindustrial'.

A obsolescência programada é uma estratégia inerente ao modelo de produção industrial contemporâneo.

Planned obsolescence is a strategy inherent to the contemporary industrial production model.

Critique of modern manufacturing practices.

A análise diacrônica da revolução industrial revela rupturas epistemológicas na concepção do trabalho humano.

The diachronic analysis of the industrial revolution reveals epistemological ruptures in the conception of human labor.

Highly academic, philosophical phrasing.

O arcabouço jurídico que rege a propriedade industrial carece de atualizações frente às inovações biotecnológicas.

The legal framework governing industrial property lacks updates in the face of biotechnological innovations.

Advanced legal and scientific discourse.

A neo-industrialização pauta-se por paradigmas de sustentabilidade circular, em oposição ao extrativismo predatório.

Neo-industrialization is guided by paradigms of circular sustainability, in opposition to predatory extractivism.

Contemporary economic theory vocabulary.

O sociólogo dissecou as nuances da alienação do proletariado no contexto do capitalismo hiper-industrial.

The sociologist dissected the nuances of proletariat alienation in the context of hyper-industrial capitalism.

Sociological critique using compound 'hiper-industrial'.

A espionagem industrial, outrora focada em maquinário, hoje se debruça sobre algoritmos e dados massivos.

Industrial espionage, once focused on machinery, today pores over algorithms and massive data.

Sophisticated sentence structure with 'outrora' and 'se debruça'.

A mitigação dos passivos ambientais industriais exige uma sinergia inédita entre o setor privado e o Estado.

The mitigation of industrial environmental liabilities requires an unprecedented synergy between the private sector and the State.

Corporate environmental law terminology ('passivos ambientais').

A estética industrial, ao fetichizar a ruína fabril, apaga a memória das lutas operárias que ali ocorreram.

The industrial aesthetic, by fetishizing the factory ruin, erases the memory of the workers' struggles that occurred there.

Cultural critique and architectural theory.

A interdependência das cadeias globais de valor expôs a fragilidade do tecido industrial nacional perante choques exógenos.

The interdependence of global value chains exposed the fragility of the national industrial fabric in the face of exogenous shocks.

Advanced macro-economic analysis.

よく使う組み合わせ

zona industrial

parque industrial

setor industrial

produção industrial

revolução industrial

poluição industrial

propriedade industrial

desenvolvimento industrial

design industrial

espionagem industrial

よく使うフレーズ

em quantidades industriais

polo industrial

distrito industrial

tecido industrial

escala industrial

lixo industrial

resíduos industriais

engenharia industrial

segurança industrial

turismo industrial

よく混同される語

industrial vs industrioso (industrious/hardworking)

industrial vs fabril (specifically related to the factory floor)

industrial vs comercial (related to sales, not manufacturing)

慣用句と表現

間違えやすい

industrial vs

文型パターン

使い方

nuance

When applied to food or art, it often carries a slightly negative connotation, implying a lack of authenticity or quality compared to handmade items.

formality

Neutral. Can be used in highly formal academic papers or casual street slang.

regionalisms

The meaning is universally understood across all Portuguese-speaking countries, though pronunciation varies.

colloquialisms

'Em quantidades industriais' is the most common colloquial use, acting as a hyperbole for volume.

よくある間違い

Pronouncing the stress on the second syllable instead of the last.
Saying 'industrials' instead of 'industriais' for the plural.
Inventing a feminine form like 'industriala'.
Using it before the noun (e.g., 'industrial zona').
Using it to mean 'industrious' or 'hardworking'.

ヒント

Uniform Gender

Remember that 'industrial' does not change for gender. It is an invariable adjective. Use it confidently with both masculine nouns (o setor industrial) and feminine nouns (a zona industrial). Never try to add an 'a' to the end.

Pluralization Rule

The plural is 'industriais'. Drop the 'l' and add 'is'. This applies to all adjectives ending in '-al' in Portuguese. Practice saying 'produtos industriais' to get used to the sound.

Stress the Last Syllable

English speakers often stress the 'dus' in industrial. In Portuguese, you must stress the final syllable: in-dus-tri-AL. This makes a huge difference in sounding natural.

Brazilian 'L' Sound

If you are learning Brazilian Portuguese, pronounce the final 'l' like a 'u'. It should sound like 'in-dus-tri-AU'. This is a key feature of the Brazilian accent.

Not 'Hardworking'

Do not use 'industrial' to describe a person who works hard. That is a false friend from the English word 'industrious'. Use 'trabalhador' or 'esforçado' instead.

Adjective Placement

Always put 'industrial' after the noun. It is 'zona industrial', not 'industrial zona'. This is the standard rule for descriptive adjectives in Portuguese.

Contrasting Words

To sound more fluent, learn to contrast 'industrial' with its opposites. Use 'artesanal' (handmade) or 'caseiro' (homemade) when talking about food or products to show you know the difference.

Exaggerate like a Native

Use the phrase 'em quantidades industriais' when you want to exaggerate how much of something there is. It's a great colloquial expression that native speakers use all the time, especially regarding food.

Learn Collocations

Memorize common pairings like 'parque industrial', 'setor industrial', and 'poluição industrial'. Learning these chunks of words is faster than learning words in isolation.

Understand the Context

Recognize that 'industrial' can have a negative connotation when applied to food (meaning processed or artificial), but a neutral or positive one when applied to economic growth or modern design.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of an INDUSTRY making ALL the goods: Industri-AL.

語源

文化的な背景

In Brazil, the final 'l' is pronounced like a 'u', making it sound like 'industri-AU'. The ABC region in São Paulo is synonymous with 'trabalho industrial'.

In Portugal, the final 'l' is a dark 'l', pronounced at the back of the throat. Cities like Porto have a rich industrial heritage, especially in textiles.

Industrial development is a major focus for economic diversification away from oil reliance.

Industrial zones are expanding around Maputo to boost local manufacturing.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

会話のきっかけ

"Você prefere pão artesanal ou pão industrial?"

"O que você acha do estilo industrial na decoração de casas?"

"Existe alguma grande zona industrial perto de onde você mora?"

"Como a poluição industrial afeta a sua cidade?"

"Você acha que a automação vai acabar com os empregos industriais?"

日記のテーマ

Descreva as diferenças entre um produto artesanal e um produto industrial.

Escreva sobre os impactos positivos e negativos do desenvolvimento industrial na sua região.

Imagine que você está decorando um apartamento no estilo industrial. O que você usaria?

Como a Revolução Industrial mudou a forma como as pessoas vivem hoje?

Você acha que o governo deveria impor regras mais rígidas para evitar a poluição industrial?

よくある質問

10 問

In Brazil, the final 'l' vocalizes into a 'u' sound, making it sound like 'in-dus-tri-AU'. The stress is on the last syllable. In Portugal, the final 'l' is a 'dark L', pronounced at the back of the throat, similar to the 'l' in the English word 'full'. The stress remains on the final syllable in both regions. English speakers must be careful not to stress the second syllable.

The plural of 'industrial' is 'industriais'. In Portuguese, adjectives that end in '-al' form their plural by dropping the 'l' and adding '-is'. This is a strict rule, so you should never say 'industrials'. Examples include 'zonas industriais' and 'produtos industriais'.

'Industrial' is a uniform, or invariable, adjective regarding gender. This means it does not change its form whether it is modifying a masculine or a feminine noun. You use the exact same word for both: 'o parque industrial' (masculine) and 'a zona industrial' (feminine). You should never say 'industriala'.

No, this is a common mistake made by English speakers. In English, 'industrious' means hardworking. If you translate that directly to 'industrial' in Portuguese, people will think you are talking about a factory. To say someone is hardworking in Portuguese, use words like 'trabalhador', 'esforçado', or 'diligente'.

'Pão industrial' refers to mass-produced bread that you typically buy in a supermarket, often pre-sliced and packaged in plastic. It usually contains preservatives to make it last longer. It is used in contrast to 'pão artesanal' or 'pão caseiro', which are baked fresh by hand using traditional methods.

The translation for Industrial Revolution is 'Revolução Industrial'. It is a proper noun phrase used exactly as it is in English, primarily in historical and educational contexts. Remember that the adjective 'industrial' comes after the noun 'revolução'.

This is a very common and fun idiomatic expression in Portuguese. It literally translates to 'in industrial quantities'. It is used as a hyperbole to describe a massive, almost absurd amount of something, usually food or drink. For example, if you cook way too much pasta for dinner, you can say 'Fiz macarrão em quantidades industriais'.

Both words relate to manufacturing, but 'fabril' is more specific. 'Fabril' comes from 'fábrica' (factory) and refers specifically to the physical factory environment or the workers on the floor (e.g., 'operário fabril'). 'Industrial' is a broader term that can refer to the entire economic sector, policies, or even design styles.

Like most descriptive adjectives in Portuguese, 'industrial' almost always follows the noun it modifies. You should say 'a produção industrial' (the industrial production) or 'o design industrial' (the industrial design). Placing it before the noun sounds unnatural and grammatically incorrect in everyday speech.

'Estilo industrial' refers to the industrial design aesthetic that has become very popular in modern architecture and home decor. It mimics the look of old factories and warehouses, featuring raw materials like exposed brick walls, visible metal pipes, concrete floors, and minimalist furniture.