B2 Honorifics & Register 1 min read ふつう

Honorifics and Social Distance

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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use 'Siz' for respect, elders, and strangers, and 'Sen' only for close friends, children, or family members.

  • Use 'Siz' (plural/formal) for anyone you don't know well: 'Siz qayerdansiz?' (Where are you from?)
  • Use 'Sen' (singular/informal) for peers and family: 'Sen qayerdansan?' (Where are you from?)
  • Always use 'Siz' when addressing elders, regardless of how long you have known them.
Subject (Siz/Sen) + Verb (Formal/Informal ending)

Pronoun and Verb Suffix Matching

Pronoun Verb Suffix (Formal) Verb Suffix (Informal) Example (Formal) Example (Informal)
Siz/Sen
-siz
-san
Borasiz
Borasan
Siz/Sen
-dingiz
-ding
Keldingiz
Kelding
Siz/Sen
-yapsiz
-yapsan
Ishlayapsiz
Ishlayapsan
Siz/Sen
-moqchisiz
-moqchisan
Ketmoqchisiz
Ketmoqchisan
Siz/Sen
-ganmisiz
-ganmisan
O'qiganmisiz
O'qiganmisan
Siz/Sen
-ing
-gin
O'qing
O'qi

Meanings

The Uzbek honorific system dictates the level of social distance between speakers through the choice of pronouns and verb endings.

1

Formal Address

Used for strangers, superiors, and elders.

“Siz bugun nima qilasiz?”

“Sizga yordam bera olamanmi?”

2

Informal Address

Used for close friends and family.

“Sen bugun nima qilasan?”

“Senga yordam bera olamanmi?”

3

Plural Respect

Using 'Siz' to refer to a single person as a sign of high respect.

“Ustoz, siz haqsiz.”

“Ota, sizni kutayapmiz.”

Reference Table

Reference table for Honorifics and Social Distance
Form Structure Example
Affirmative Formal
Siz + Verb-siz
Siz kelasiz
Affirmative Informal
Sen + Verb-san
Sen kelasan
Negative Formal
Siz + Verb-maysiz
Siz kelmaysiz
Negative Informal
Sen + Verb-maysan
Sen kelmaysan
Question Formal
Siz + Verb-sizmi?
Siz kelasizmi?
Question Informal
Sen + Verb-sanmi?
Sen kelasanmi?
Imperative Formal
Verb-ing
Keling
Imperative Informal
Verb-
Kel

フォーマル度スペクトル

フォーマル
Siz yaxshimisiz?

Siz yaxshimisiz? (Greeting)

ニュートラル
Yaxshimisiz?

Yaxshimisiz? (Greeting)

カジュアル
Yaxshimisan?

Yaxshimisan? (Greeting)

スラング
Qalaysan?

Qalaysan? (Greeting)

Social Distance Map

Address

Formal

  • Siz You (formal)

Informal

  • Sen You (informal)
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レベル別の例文

1

Siz kimsiz?

Who are you? (formal)

2

Sen kimsan?

Who are you? (informal)

3

Siz yaxshimisiz?

Are you well?

4

Sen yaxshimisan?

Are you well?

1

Siz qayerda ishlaysiz?

Where do you work?

2

Sen qayerda ishlaysan?

Where do you work?

3

Sizga yordam bera olamanmi?

Can I help you?

4

Senga yordam bera olamanmi?

Can I help you?

1

Ustoz, sizni hurmat qilamiz.

Teacher, we respect you.

2

Do'stim, sen bilan gaplashish yoqimli.

Friend, it's nice talking to you.

3

Siz bu yerda o'tirishingiz mumkin.

You can sit here.

4

Sen bu yerda o'tirishing mumkin.

You can sit here.

1

Sizning fikringiz juda muhim.

Your opinion is very important.

2

Sening fikring qiziq.

Your opinion is interesting.

3

Iltimos, siz biroz kuting.

Please, wait a moment.

4

Iltimos, sen biroz kut.

Please, wait a moment.

1

Sizni bezovta qilganim uchun uzr so'rayman.

I apologize for bothering you.

2

Seni bezovta qilganim uchun uzr.

Sorry for bothering you.

3

Sizdan ruxsat so'ramoqchiman.

I would like to ask for your permission.

4

Sendan ruxsat so'ramoqchiman.

I would like to ask for your permission.

1

Sizning tashrifingiz biz uchun katta sharaf.

Your visit is a great honor for us.

2

Sening kelishing biz uchun quvonch.

Your coming is a joy for us.

3

Sizni ko'rganimdan xursandman.

I am glad to see you.

4

Seni ko'rganimdan xursandman.

I am glad to see you.

間違えやすい

Honorifics and Social Distance 対 Siz vs Sizlar

Learners often think 'Sizlar' is the formal singular.

Honorifics and Social Distance 対 Sen vs Siz

Learners mix them up due to English 'you'.

Honorifics and Social Distance 対 Imperative forms

Mixing formal and informal commands.

よくある間違い

✗

Sen kimsiz?

✓

Sen kimsan?

Mixing pronouns and verb endings.
✗

Siz kimsan?

✓

Siz kimsiz?

Mixing pronouns and verb endings.
✗

Senlar

✓

Sizlar

Using informal plural.
✗

Siz bor

✓

Siz borsiz

Missing verb suffix.
✗

Siz ishlash

✓

Siz ishlaysiz

Using infinitive instead of conjugated verb.
✗

Sen borasizmi?

✓

Sen borasanmi?

Using formal verb with informal pronoun.
✗

Siz borasanmi?

✓

Siz borasizmi?

Using informal verb with formal pronoun.
✗

Sizni ko'rdim (to a child)

✓

Seni ko'rdim

Over-formalizing.
✗

Seni ko'rdim (to a boss)

✓

Sizni ko'rdim

Under-formalizing.
✗

Sizlar kelinglar

✓

Siz keling

Redundant pluralization.
✗

Sizni o'z uyingga taklif qilaman

✓

Sizni o'z uyingizga taklif qilaman

Mismatching possessive suffix.
✗

Seni o'z uyingizga taklif qilaman

✓

Seni o'z uyingga taklif qilaman

Mismatching possessive suffix.
✗

Sizni hurmat qilasan

✓

Sizni hurmat qilaman

Incorrect person agreement.
✗

Seni hurmat qiladi

✓

Seni hurmat qilaman

Incorrect person agreement.

文型パターン

Siz ___ qilasiz?

Sen ___ qilasanmi?

Sizga ___ kerakmi?

Senga ___ kerakmi?

Real World Usage

Job Interview constant

Siz qayerda ishlaysiz?

Texting a friend very common

Sen qayerdasan?

Ordering food common

Sizga nima kerak?

Talking to an elder constant

Siz yaxshimisiz?

Social Media common

Sizni kuzataman.

Travel common

Siz qayerga borasiz?

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💡

Observe first

Watch how locals address each other before you speak.
⚠️

Don't rush

Don't switch to 'Sen' too early.
🎯

Use 'Aka/Opa'

Adding 'Aka' or 'Opa' makes your 'Siz' even more polite.
💬

Age matters

Always prioritize age over social status.

Smart Tips

Always start with 'Siz'.

Sen kimsan? → Siz kimsiz?

Use 'Siz' and add 'Aka' or 'Opa'.

Siz keldingiz. → Aka, siz keldingiz.

Err on the side of 'Siz'.

Sen yordam bera olasanmi? → Siz yordam bera olasizmi?

Always use 'Siz'.

Sen menga yoz. → Siz menga yozing.

発音

bor-a-SIZ

Suffix stress

The stress usually falls on the last syllable of the verb suffix.

Question intonation

Siz borasiz-MI? ↑

Rising intonation for questions.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Siz is for Seniors and Strangers; Sen is for Siblings and Sweethearts.

視覚的連想

Imagine a tall, formal 'Siz' wearing a suit, and a small, friendly 'Sen' wearing a t-shirt.

Rhyme

Siz for the wise, Sen for the guys.

Story

A traveler visits Uzbekistan. He meets an elder and says 'Siz'. The elder smiles. Later, he meets a friend and says 'Sen'. They laugh and share a meal.

Word Web

SizSenHurmatUstozDo'stOpaAka

チャレンジ

Try to identify 5 people in your life and decide if you would use 'Siz' or 'Sen' with them.

文化メモ

Respect for elders is paramount. Always use 'Siz' for anyone older.

The honorific system evolved from Turkic social structures emphasizing age and status.

会話のきっかけ

“

Siz qayerda ishlaysiz?

“

Sen bugun nima qilding?

“

Sizningcha, bu to'g'rimi?

“

Sen nima uchun buni tanlading?

日記のテーマ

Describe your teacher using formal language.
Write a letter to your best friend.
Compare formal and informal communication in your culture.
Reflect on a time you used the wrong register.

よくある間違い

Incorrect

正解

Incorrect

正解

Incorrect

正解

Incorrect

正解

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Test Yourself

Choose the correct pronoun. 選択問題

___ yaxshimisiz?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Siz
Formal verb requires formal pronoun.
Fill in the verb.

Siz bor___?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: -siz
Formal pronoun requires formal verb.
Fix the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Sen borasizmi?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Sen borasanmi?
Informal pronoun needs informal verb.
Change to formal. Sentence Transformation

Sen kelasan.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Siz kelasiz.
Change pronoun and verb.
Match the register. Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Siz-Siz
Register must match.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Siz kimsiz? B: ___

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Men talabaman.
Respond in kind.
Build a sentence. Sentence Building

Siz / ishlaysiz / qayerda

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Siz qayerda ishlaysiz?
Correct word order.
Is this rule true? True False Rule

You can use 'Sen' for elders.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
Never use 'Sen' for elders.

Score: /8

練習問題

8 exercises
Choose the correct pronoun. 選択問題

___ yaxshimisiz?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Siz
Formal verb requires formal pronoun.
Fill in the verb.

Siz bor___?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: -siz
Formal pronoun requires formal verb.
Fix the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Sen borasizmi?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Sen borasanmi?
Informal pronoun needs informal verb.
Change to formal. Sentence Transformation

Sen kelasan.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Siz kelasiz.
Change pronoun and verb.
Match the register. Match Pairs

Match formal/informal.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Siz-Siz
Register must match.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Siz kimsiz? B: ___

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Men talabaman.
Respond in kind.
Build a sentence. Sentence Building

Siz / ishlaysiz / qayerda

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Siz qayerda ishlaysiz?
Correct word order.
Is this rule true? True False Rule

You can use 'Sen' for elders.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
Never use 'Sen' for elders.

Score: /8

よくある質問 (8)

Yes, but it might sound distant.

Always use 'Siz'.

It is grammatically plural but used for singular respect.

Only for close friends and family.

No, that is a major mistake.

Wait for the other person to suggest it.

Yes, in all formal documents.

No, it is gender-neutral.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

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In Other Languages

Spanish high

tú vs usted

Uzbek honorifics are more pervasive in daily life.

French high

tu vs vous

Uzbek verb conjugation changes more drastically.

German high

du vs Sie

German 'Sie' is always capitalized.

Japanese moderate

Keigo

Japanese has more levels of politeness.

Arabic partial

Anta/Anti vs Antum

Arabic gender distinction is stronger.

Chinese moderate

ni vs nin

Chinese doesn't change verb endings.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Related Grammar Rules

A0

Politeness Markers (Sizlash)
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