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B1 中級 英語 15:16 Educational

Who are you, really? The puzzle of personality | Brian Little | TED

TED · 13,565,748 回視聴 · 追加日 3週間前

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00:13

What an intriguing group of individuals you are ...

00:17

to a psychologist.

00:18

(Laughter)

00:20

I've had the opportunity over the last couple of days

00:23

of listening in on some of your conversations

00:26

and watching you interact with each other.

00:29

And I think it's fair to say, already,

00:31

that there are 47 people in this audience,

00:37

at this moment,

00:39

displaying psychological symptoms I would like to discuss today.

00:43

(Laughter)

00:44

And I thought you might like to know who you are.

00:47

(Laughter)

00:49

But instead of pointing at you,

00:51

which would be gratuitous and intrusive,

00:54

I thought I would tell you a few facts and stories,

00:57

in which you may catch a glimpse of yourself.

01:02

I'm in the field of research known as personality psychology,

01:06

which is part of a larger personality science

01:09

which spans the full spectrum, from neurons to narratives.

01:15

And what we try to do,

01:17

in our own way,

01:19

is to make sense of how each of us --

01:22

each of you --

01:24

is, in certain respects,

01:26

like all other people,

01:28

like some other people

01:31

and like no other person.

01:34

Now, already you may be saying of yourself,

01:37

"I'm not intriguing.

01:41

I am the 46th most boring person in the Western Hemisphere."

01:47

Or you may say of yourself,

01:50

"I am intriguing,

01:53

even if I am regarded by most people as a great, thundering twit."

01:57

(Laughter)

01:58

But it is your self-diagnosed boringness and your inherent "twitiness"

02:04

that makes me, as a psychologist, really fascinated by you.

02:09

So let me explain why this is so.

02:12

One of the most influential approaches in personality science

02:16

is known as trait psychology,

02:18

and it aligns you along five dimensions which are normally distributed,

02:23

and that describe universally held aspects of difference between people.

02:31

They spell out the acronym OCEAN.

02:34

So, "O" stands for "open to experience,"

02:37

versus those who are more closed.

02:39

"C" stands for "conscientiousness,"

02:42

in contrast to those with a more lackadaisical approach to life.

02:46

"E" -- "extroversion," in contrast to more introverted people.

02:51

"A" -- "agreeable individuals,"

02:53

in contrast to those decidedly not agreeable.

02:57

And "N" -- "neurotic individuals,"

03:00

in contrast to those who are more stable.

03:04

All of these dimensions have implications for our well-being,

03:07

for how our life goes.

03:10

And so we know that, for example,

03:13

openness and conscientiousness are very good predictors of life success,

03:18

but the open people achieve that success through being audacious

03:23

and, occasionally, odd.

03:26

The conscientious people achieve it through sticking to deadlines,

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