B1 Gerunds & Infinitives 1 min read 보통

Gerund (-ınca/-incə) for 'As Soon As'

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use -ınca to link two actions where the second happens immediately after the first, like 'as soon as' in English.

  • Add -ınca/-incə/-unca/-üncə to the verb stem based on 4-way vowel harmony (e.g., gəl + incə).
  • If the verb stem ends in a vowel, always insert the buffer letter 'y' (e.g., oxu + y + unca).
  • The negative form -mayınca/-məyincə usually shifts meaning to 'until' or 'unless' (e.g., oxumayınca - until reading).
Verb Stem + (y) + ınca/incə/unca/üncə ➡️ Next Action

2. Negative Forms (Meaning: Until/Unless)

Verb Stem Negative Suffix Final Form Meaning
yaz-
-ma
-yınca
yazmayınca
until (he) writes
get-
-mə
-yincə
getməyincə
until (he) goes
oxu-
-ma
-yınca
oxumayınca
until (he) reads
gör-
-mə
-yincə
görməyincə
until (he) sees

Suffix Selection by Vowel Harmony

Last Vowel Suffix Verb Stem Result Meaning
a, ı
-ınca
al-
alınca
as soon as (he) takes
e, i
-incə
gəl-
gəlincə
as soon as (he) comes
o, u
-unca
qur-
qurunca
as soon as (he) builds
ö, ü
-üncə
gör-
görüncə
as soon as (he) sees
Vowel (a/ı)
-yınca
oxu-
oxuyunca
as soon as (he) reads
Vowel (e/i)
-yincə
gözlə-
gözləyincə
as soon as (he) waits

Meanings

A suffix attached to verb stems to indicate that the action of the main clause occurs immediately after the action of the gerund.

1

Immediate Sequence

To show that one event follows another without delay.

“Qapı açılınca uşaqlar içəri qaçdılar.”

“Zəng çalınınca dərs bitdi.”

2

Causal Link

To imply that the first action caused the second one to happen immediately.

“O, məni görüncə gülümsədi.”

“Xəbəri eşidincə çox sevindi.”

3

Negative Condition (Until)

In the negative form, it indicates that the main action won't happen until the first one is completed.

“Sən gəlməyincə biz getməyəcəyik.”

“Tapşırığı bitirməyincə çölə çıxma.”

Reference Table

Reference table for Gerund (-ınca/-incə) for 'As Soon As'
Form Structure Example
Affirmative (Consonant stem)
Stem + ınca/incə/unca/üncə
Baxınca (As soon as looking)
Affirmative (Vowel stem)
Stem + y + ınca/incə/unca/üncə
Oxuyunca (As soon as reading)
Negative (Until)
Stem + ma/mə + y + ınca/incə
Gəlməyincə (Until coming)
Question (Contextual)
Gerund clause + Main clause?
O gəlincə gedəcəksən? (Will you go as soon as he comes?)
Passive
Stem + ıl/il/ul/ül + ınca
Açılınca (As soon as being opened)
Causative
Stem + dır/dir + ınca
Yazdırınca (As soon as making someone write)

격식 수준 스펙트럼

격식체
Çatınca zəng etməniz xahiş olunur.

Çatınca zəng etməniz xahiş olunur. (Communication)

중립
Çatınca mənə zəng et.

Çatınca mənə zəng et. (Communication)

비격식체
Çatınca yığ.

Çatınca yığ. (Communication)

속어
Çatan kimi zəng elə.

Çatan kimi zəng elə. (Communication)

The Timing of -ınca

-ınca

Meaning

  • As soon as Immediate sequence

Harmony

  • 4-way ı, i, u, ü

Negative

  • Until Condition

-ınca vs -anda

-ınca (Immediate)
Gəlincə gülümsədi Smiled the second he arrived
-anda (General)
Gələndə gülümsədi Smiled when he arrived (sometime)

Choosing the Suffix

1

Does stem end in vowel?

YES
Add 'y'
NO
Go to harmony
2

Is last vowel back (a, ı, o, u)?

YES
Use -ınca/-unca
NO
Use -incə/-üncə

Common Verbs with -ınca

🏃

Movement

  • Gəlincə
  • Gedincə
  • Çatınca
👁️

Perception

  • Görüncə
  • Eşidincə
  • Baxınca

Daily

  • İçincə
  • Yeyincə
  • Yatınca

수준별 예문

1

Mən gəlincə otur.

Sit as soon as I come.

2

O baxınca qaçdı.

As soon as he looked, he ran.

3

Sən deyincə mən gəldim.

As soon as you said (it), I came.

4

İşıq yanınca bax.

Look as soon as the light turns on.

1

Yağış dayanınca çölə çıxdıq.

As soon as the rain stopped, we went out.

2

Dərs bitincə evə get.

Go home as soon as the lesson ends.

3

O, pulu alınca sevindi.

He was happy as soon as he got the money.

4

Yemək bişincə mənə de.

Tell me as soon as the food is cooked.

1

İşlərimi qurtarınca sənə zəng edəcəyəm.

I will call you as soon as I finish my work.

2

Qatar dayanınca hamı düşdü.

Everyone got off as soon as the train stopped.

3

Sən mənə kömək etməyincə mən bunu edə bilmərəm.

I can't do this until you help me.

4

O, məktubu oxuyunca ağladı.

She cried as soon as she read the letter.

1

Yeni qanun qüvvəyə minincə hər şey dəyişəcək.

Everything will change as soon as the new law comes into force.

2

Günəş üfüqdə görününcə quşlar oxumağa başladı.

The birds started singing as soon as the sun appeared on the horizon.

3

Müştəri şikayət edincə menecer gəldi.

The manager came as soon as the customer complained.

4

O, həqiqəti öyrənincə sarsıldı.

He was shaken as soon as he learned the truth.

1

İqtisadi islahatlar nəticə verincə rifah artacaq.

Prosperity will increase as soon as economic reforms yield results.

2

Müəllif son nöqtəni qoyunca dərin bir nəfəs aldı.

The author took a deep breath as soon as he put the final period.

3

Tərəflər razılığa gəlməyincə müqavilə imzalanmayacaq.

The contract will not be signed until the parties reach an agreement.

4

Gözləri gözlərimə dəyincə hər şeyi anladım.

I understood everything the moment our eyes met.

1

Siyasi gərginlik səngiyincə investisiya axını bərpa olundu.

The flow of investment was restored as soon as political tension subsided.

2

O, bu ağır yükün altından qalxmayınca rahatlıq tapmayacaq.

He will not find peace until he overcomes this heavy burden.

3

Fərman imzalanınca dövlət strukturlarında islahatlar sürətləndi.

Reforms in state structures accelerated as soon as the decree was signed.

4

Xalqın səbri tükənincə inqilab qaçılmaz oldu.

Revolution became inevitable as soon as the people's patience ran out.

혼동하기 쉬운

Gerund (-ınca/-incə) for 'As Soon As' -anda / -əndə

Both mean 'when', but -anda is general while -ınca is immediate.

Gerund (-ınca/-incə) for 'As Soon As' -andan sonra

Learners use 'after' when they mean 'as soon as'.

Gerund (-ınca/-incə) for 'As Soon As' -ar... -maz

This also means 'as soon as' but is more emphatic and advanced.

자주 하는 실수

gəlınca

gəlincə

Vowel harmony error: 'e' is a front vowel, needs '-incə'.

oxuınca

oxuyunca

Missing buffer 'y' between two vowels.

baxınca mən gəldim

O baxınca mən gəldim

Dropping the subject when it's different from the main clause.

tez gəlincə

gəlincə

Using 'tez' (fast) redundantly with -ınca.

gəlməyincə mən gəldim

gəlincə mən gəldim

Using negative form when affirmative 'as soon as' is meant.

görüncə

görüncə

Wait, this is correct. A common mistake is 'görincə'.

başlayınca

başlayınca

Learners often forget 'y' in 'başlayınca'.

O gəlməyincə biz getdik

O gəlməyincə biz getmədik

Negative -ınca (until) usually requires a negative main verb.

İş bitincəyə qədər

İş bitincə

Redundantly adding 'qədər' (until) to -ınca.

Sən gəlincə mən oxuyuram

Sən gəlincə mən oxuyacağam

Using present tense for a future 'as soon as' action.

Anlayınca qədər

Anlayana qədər

Using -ınca for 'until' in a way that sounds like 'to the point of'.

문장 패턴

Mən ___ (verb stem) + ınca, sənə zəng edəcəyəm.

Hava ___ (verb stem) + ınca, çölə çıxarıq.

O, məni ___ (verb stem) + ınca, ___ (action).

Sən ___ (verb stem) + mayınca, biz ___ (negative action).

Real World Usage

Texting a friend constant

Gəlincə yaz.

Cooking recipes very common

Su qaynayınca makaronu tökün.

Airport announcements common

Təyyarə enincə yerinizdən durmayın.

Job Interviews occasional

Nəticələr bəlli olunca sizə xəbər verəcəyik.

Social Media common

Şəkli görüncə çox təəccübləndim!

Ordering Food occasional

Kuryer gəlincə qapını açın.

💡

The 'Y' Rule

If your verb ends in a vowel (like oxu, de, başla), always put a 'y' before -ınca. It makes you sound much more natural.
⚠️

Negative Meaning

Remember that -mayınca doesn't mean 'as soon as not', it means 'until'. Don't mix them up!
🎯

Storytelling

Use -ınca to speed up your stories. It creates a sense of excitement and fast action.
💬

Casual Alternative

In very casual Baku speech, people say '-an kimi'. Use -ınca when you want to be slightly more proper or poetic.

Smart Tips

Use -ınca instead of -anda to show you are serious about the timing.

Evə çatanda zəng edəcəyəm. (I'll call when I'm home.) Evə çatınca zəng edəcəyəm. (I'll call the second I get home!)

Always check for that 'y' buffer. If you say 'oxuunca', it sounds like a hiccup.

O, məktubu oxuunca ağladı. O, məktubu oxuyunca ağladı.

Don't look for a word for 'until'. Just use the negative -mayınca.

Mən gələnə qədər gözlə. Mən gəlməyincə getmə.

Mix -ınca with other connectors to avoid sounding repetitive.

Gəldim, sonra yedim, sonra yatdım. Gəlincə yedim, yeyəndən sonra isə yatdım.

발음

gə-LIN-cə

Stress

The stress in Azerbaijani gerunds usually falls on the syllable before the suffix or the first syllable of the suffix depending on the dialect, but generally, the suffix itself is not heavily stressed.

o-xu-YUN-ca

Buffer Y

The 'y' buffer is pronounced clearly but quickly to bridge the vowels.

Rising-Falling

Evə gəlincə (rise), zəng et (fall).

Indicates a dependent clause followed by a main action.

암기하기

기억법

Think of '-ınca' as 'In-a-second-a'. It happens right away!

시각적 연상

Imagine a domino effect. As soon as the first tile falls (-ınca), the next one hits immediately. There is no gap between them.

Rhyme

Gəlincə gör, görüncə sev. (As soon as you come, see; as soon as you see, love.)

Story

A spy is waiting for a signal. 'İşıq yanınca' (as soon as the light turns on), he runs. 'Qapı açılınca' (as soon as the door opens), he enters. 'Məktubu alınca' (as soon as he gets the letter), he leaves.

Word Web

GəlincəGörüncəBitincəÇatıncaOxuyuncaEşidincəYazınca

챌린지

Look at your watch. Write three things you will do 'as soon as' the next hour starts using -ınca.

문화 노트

In rural areas, you'll hear 'Qapıdan girincə süfrə açılar' (As soon as you enter the door, the table is set), reflecting the culture's immediate hospitality.

In Baku, people often replace '-ınca' with '-an kimi' in casual speech, though '-ınca' remains the standard for writing and formal speech.

Azerbaijani classical poetry (Mugham texts) uses '-ınca' to create rhythmic sequences of nature and longing.

Derived from Old Turkic temporal suffixes. The '-ınca' form has been a stable feature of Oghuz Turkic languages for centuries.

대화 시작하기

Bakıya çatınca ilk hara gedəcəksən?

Dərs bitincə nə etmək istəyirsən?

Maaşını alınca ilk nə alacaqsan?

Yağış dayanınca gəzməyə gedək?

일기 주제

Describe your morning routine using at least five '-ınca' structures.
Write about a time you were very happy. What happened 'as soon as' you heard the news?
Imagine you are a travel guide. Tell your group what to do 'as soon as' they arrive at the hotel.
Write a short story about a race. Use -ınca to describe the actions of the runners.

자주 하는 실수

Incorrect

정답


Incorrect

정답


Incorrect

정답


Incorrect

정답

Test Yourself

Fill in the blank with the correct form of the verb in parentheses.

Mən evə ___ (çatmaq), anam zəng etdi.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: çatınca
The context implies 'as soon as', so 'çatınca' is the best fit.
Which one is the correct negative form meaning 'until you come'? 객관식

Sən ___ biz başlamayacağıq.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: gəlməyincə
The negative form -məyincə means 'until'.
Correct the mistake in the following sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Kitabı oxuınca hər şeyi anladım.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: oxuyunca
Verbs ending in vowels need the 'y' buffer.
Match the verb with its correct -ınca form. Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 1-Görüncə, 2-Alınca, 3-Oxuyunca, 4-Getincə
Matches based on vowel harmony and buffer rules.
Build a sentence meaning 'As soon as the sun rose, we woke up'. Sentence Building

Gün / doğmaq / biz / oyanmaq

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Gün doğunca oyandıq.
-ınca expresses 'as soon as'.
Sort these by immediacy (Highest to Lowest). Grammar Sorting

A. Gələndə, B. Gəlincə, C. Gələndən sonra

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: B, A, C
-ınca is immediate, -anda is general, -andan sonra is after.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

- Nə vaxt gələcəksən? - İşlərim ___ sənə zəng edəcəyəm.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: bitincə
Common way to promise a call as soon as work ends.
Is this statement true or false? True False Rule

The suffix -ınca always requires a 'y' buffer if the verb ends in a consonant.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
The 'y' buffer is only for verbs ending in vowels.

Score: /8

연습 문제

8 exercises
Fill in the blank with the correct form of the verb in parentheses.

Mən evə ___ (çatmaq), anam zəng etdi.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: çatınca
The context implies 'as soon as', so 'çatınca' is the best fit.
Which one is the correct negative form meaning 'until you come'? 객관식

Sən ___ biz başlamayacağıq.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: gəlməyincə
The negative form -məyincə means 'until'.
Correct the mistake in the following sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Kitabı oxuınca hər şeyi anladım.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: oxuyunca
Verbs ending in vowels need the 'y' buffer.
Match the verb with its correct -ınca form. Match Pairs

1. Gör, 2. Al, 3. Oxu, 4. Get

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 1-Görüncə, 2-Alınca, 3-Oxuyunca, 4-Getincə
Matches based on vowel harmony and buffer rules.
Build a sentence meaning 'As soon as the sun rose, we woke up'. Sentence Building

Gün / doğmaq / biz / oyanmaq

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Gün doğunca oyandıq.
-ınca expresses 'as soon as'.
Sort these by immediacy (Highest to Lowest). Grammar Sorting

A. Gələndə, B. Gəlincə, C. Gələndən sonra

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: B, A, C
-ınca is immediate, -anda is general, -andan sonra is after.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

- Nə vaxt gələcəksən? - İşlərim ___ sənə zəng edəcəyəm.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: bitincə
Common way to promise a call as soon as work ends.
Is this statement true or false? True False Rule

The suffix -ınca always requires a 'y' buffer if the verb ends in a consonant.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
The 'y' buffer is only for verbs ending in vowels.

Score: /8

자주 묻는 질문 (8)

Yes! The gerund itself doesn't have a tense. The tense is determined by the main verb of the sentence.

`-ınca` is more formal and standard, while `-an kimi` is very common in casual, spoken Azerbaijani.

No, the suffix remains the same regardless of the subject. The subject is usually clear from the context or the main verb.

It's a unique feature of Turkic logic where 'as soon as not doing' implies 'not until it is done'.

No, this suffix only attaches to verb stems.

It depends on vowel harmony. Use `-unca` for 'o, u' (e.g., *qurunca*) and `-üncə` for 'ö, ü' (e.g., *görüncə*).

Yes, it is almost identical in Turkish, making it a very useful rule for all Turkic language learners.

Yes, you can start with the gerund clause: 'Gəlincə, mənə de' (As soon as you come, tell me).

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Spanish moderate

Nada más + infinitivo / En cuanto

Azerbaijani uses a suffix, while Spanish uses separate conjunctions or phrases.

French moderate

Dès que / Aussitôt que

French requires a full subject-verb clause after the conjunction.

German high

Sobald

German uses a conjunction; Azerbaijani uses a suffix.

Japanese high

-nari / -to sugu ni

Japanese has multiple levels of formality for this structure.

Arabic low

Bimujarradi ma (بمجرد ما)

Arabic is prefix-heavy and uses a noun-based construction.

Chinese moderate

Yi... jiu... (一...就...)

Chinese uses two separate particles around the verbs.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

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