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B2 verb 9분 분량

fortolke

예시 fortolke 30초 만에
설명 fortolke in your Level:
At the A1 level, the word 'fortolke' is generally too advanced for active use. However, a learner might encounter it in very simple contexts related to understanding stories or pictures. At this stage, a student should focus on the basic idea that 'fortolke' means 'to try to understand what something means.' For example, if a teacher shows a picture and asks, 'Hvad betyder det?' (What does it mean?), they are essentially asking the student to interpret it. A1 learners should primarily stick to 'forstå' (to understand) or 'forklare' (to explain). If they see 'fortolke,' they should recognize it as a more complex version of 'understanding.' The goal at A1 is simply to realize that some Danish words are used for deeper thinking than others. It is helpful to associate 'fortolke' with 'meaning' (mening). You are looking for the 'mening' of a story. Because A1 focuses on immediate needs and basic descriptions, 'fortolke' is a 'passive' word—something you might hear but don't need to say yet. It is the beginning of moving from concrete objects (like 'a chair') to abstract ideas (like 'the meaning of a chair in a painting').
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At the A2 level, students are beginning to talk about their opinions and feelings. While 'fortolke' is still quite formal, an A2 learner can start to understand it in the context of hobbies, such as reading books or watching movies. They might hear a teacher say, 'Hvordan fortolker I denne historie?' (How do you interpret this story?). At this level, the focus is on the subjective nature of interpretation—that different people can see things differently. A2 learners should be able to recognize the word in a text and understand that it involves an analysis of meaning. They can start to use it in very structured sentences, like 'Jeg fortolker filmen som trist' (I interpret the movie as sad). This is a great way to practice the preposition 'som' (as). Learners should also be aware that 'fortolke' is a regular verb. Even if they don't use it every day, knowing it exists helps them transition into more academic or professional Danish. It is about expanding from 'I like this book' to 'I think this book means this.'
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At the B1 level, 'fortolke' becomes a useful tool for expanding one's ability to discuss more complex topics like culture, news, and literature. B1 learners are expected to describe experiences and events and give reasons for their opinions. 'Fortolke' is perfect for this. Instead of just saying 'Jeg tror...' (I think...), a B1 student can say 'Hvis man fortolker teksten, kan man se...' (If you interpret the text, you can see...). This shows a higher level of intellectual engagement. At this stage, learners should also start to distinguish between 'fortolke' and 'tolke.' They should know that 'tolke' is for spoken translation and 'fortolke' is for analysis. They should be comfortable using the word in different tenses, especially the present and perfect. B1 is also the level where 'fortolkning' (the noun) should be introduced. Students can talk about 'min fortolkning' (my interpretation) during group discussions. This word helps them participate in the Danish tradition of 'samtale' (conversation) and 'diskussion,' which are central to Danish culture and education.
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At the B2 level, 'fortolke' is a core vocabulary word. B2 learners must be able to understand complex texts and produce clear, detailed text on a wide range of subjects. 'Fortolke' is essential for academic writing, professional reports, and deep cultural analysis. At this level, students should use the word naturally in contexts like law, statistics, and literary criticism. They should understand the nuances of 'fortolke' vs. 'udlægge' or 'tyde.' B2 learners should also be able to use the passive form 'fortolkes' (is interpreted) to sound more objective and formal. For example, 'Loven skal fortolkes i overensstemmelse med EU-regler' (The law must be interpreted in accordance with EU rules). They should also be familiar with the concept of 'overfortolkning' (over-interpretation) and be able to use it in a debate. B2 is where the learner stops just using the word and starts mastering its various registers—from a formal legal interpretation to a creative artistic one. It is a key marker of a 'selvstændig bruger' (independent user) of the Danish language.
At the C1 level, the use of 'fortolke' should be nuanced and precise. C1 learners are expected to recognize implicit meaning and use language flexibly for social, academic, and professional purposes. In this context, 'fortolke' is used to discuss hermeneutics, philosophical frameworks, and subtle subtexts. A C1 speaker might discuss how a specific historical context 'fortolker' our understanding of a text. They should be able to use the word in sophisticated combinations, such as 'at fortolke tendenser i tiden' (to interpret trends of the time). At this level, the learner should also be aware of the word's etymology and its relationship to other Germanic languages, providing a deeper linguistic intuition. They can use 'fortolke' to challenge others' viewpoints: 'Man kunne også fortolke det på en helt anden måde...' (One could also interpret it in a completely different way...). The word becomes a precision instrument for critical thinking. C1 learners should also be able to write long essays where 'fortolkning' is a central theme, maintaining a consistent and professional tone throughout.
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At the C2 level, 'fortolke' is handled with the finesse of a native speaker. The learner understands not just the meaning, but the cultural and historical resonance of the word in Danish intellectual life. They can engage in high-level academic debates about 'fortolkningsret' (the right of interpretation) or 'fortolkningsfællesskaber' (interpretative communities). A C2 user can use the word with irony, metaphor, or extreme technical precision. They might use it to describe the way a musician 'fortolker' a silence in a score, or how a physicist 'fortolker' quantum data. At this level, there is no hesitation in usage; the word is part of a vast arsenal of terms for meaning-making. The C2 learner can also critique the 'fortolkning' of others with great subtlety, using adverbs and qualifiers to pinpoint exactly where an interpretation succeeds or fails. It is no longer just a word to be learned; it is a fundamental part of how the learner processes and contributes to Danish-speaking society at the highest level of complexity.
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예시

fortolke 30초 만에

  • Fortolke means to interpret or analyze the deeper meaning of something like art, law, or behavior.
  • It is a regular Danish verb (fortolker, fortolkede, fortolket) used in formal and academic contexts.
  • Unlike 'tolke' (translation), 'fortolke' focuses on the analysis and construction of meaning.
  • It is commonly used with the preposition 'som' (as) to describe how something is being perceived.

The Danish verb fortolke is a sophisticated term primarily used to describe the process of assigning meaning to something that is not immediately obvious or that is open to multiple perspectives. While it is often translated as "to interpret" or "to construe," its usage in Danish carries a weight of analytical depth. It is not merely about understanding a surface-level message; it is about the intellectual or creative act of decoding symbols, intentions, or complex data. In the Danish linguistic landscape, fortolke implies a level of subjectivity and critical thinking that distinguishes it from simpler verbs like forstå (to understand) or forklare (to explain).

Artistic Context
In the world of arts and humanities, to fortolke is to breathe life into a text, a piece of music, or a painting. An actor will fortolke a role, meaning they bring their unique emotional perspective to the character. A literary critic will fortolke a poem, looking for hidden metaphors and historical resonances. It suggests that the work of art is a conversation between the creator and the interpreter.
Legal and Formal Context
In Danish law (jura), the word is indispensable. Judges and lawyers must fortolke loven (interpret the law) to apply general statutes to specific, often messy, real-world cases. Here, the word takes on a more rigid, yet still interpretive, character. It involves looking at the lovgivers intention (legislator's intention) and the literal wording to find a fair application.

Det er op til dommeren at fortolke paragraffen i denne specifikke sag.

Beyond these specialized fields, you will encounter fortolke in daily news and social discussions. When a politician makes a vague statement, political commentators (smagsdommere or analytikere) will attempt to fortolke what was actually meant. In psychology, one might fortolke drømme (interpret dreams), searching for subconscious patterns. The word is essentially the bridge between raw information and human meaning. It acknowledges that facts do not always speak for themselves; they require a human mind to place them in a context and give them value.

In academic settings, students are often asked to fortolke og analysere (interpret and analyze). This pairing is common because interpretation is seen as the culmination of the analytical process. You break something down (analysis) so that you can ultimately decide what it signifies (interpretation). Whether you are looking at a set of statistical data or a classic Danish novel by Karen Blixen, the act of fortolke is what transforms data into knowledge and art into experience.

Using fortolke correctly requires understanding its grammatical behavior as a transitive verb. It almost always takes a direct object—the thing being interpreted. Because it is a B2-level word, it often appears in complex sentence structures involving subordinate clauses or infinitives. In Danish, the word follows the standard weak conjugation pattern for the first group of verbs (-ede, -et), making it relatively straightforward to conjugate, even if its conceptual application is deep.

Active Voice Usage
In active sentences, the subject is the person performing the interpretation. For example: "Forskeren fortolker tallene" (The researcher interprets the numbers). This places the focus on the agency of the interpreter and their specific methodology or viewpoint.
Passive Voice Usage
The passive form fortolkes is extremely common in academic and formal writing. "Digtet kan fortolkes på mange måder" (The poem can be interpreted in many ways). This usage is helpful when the interpreter is less important than the multifaceted nature of the object itself.

Hvordan skal vi fortolke hans pludselige tavshed?

One of the most interesting ways to use fortolke is with adverbs that qualify the nature of the interpretation. You can fortolke something positivt (positively), negativt (negatively), bogstaveligt (literally), or frit (freely). For instance, "Han valgte at fortolke hendes bemærkning som en kompliment" (He chose to interpret her remark as a compliment). This highlights how interpretation is often a choice or a subjective filter through which we view reality.

In more advanced Danish, you might see it used in the present participle form fortolkende, acting as an adjective. "Han kom med en fortolkende kommentar" (He came with an interpretative comment). This is less common but very effective in professional writing. Ultimately, mastering fortolke allows you to move beyond simple descriptions and start discussing the nuances of meaning, which is a hallmark of the B2 and C1 levels of Danish proficiency.

You are most likely to encounter fortolke in environments where critical analysis is the primary activity. This includes the Danish news media (like DR or TV2), universities, courtrooms, and cultural institutions. It is a word of the "thinking classes," but it is by no means obscure. Any Dane who has completed secondary education (gymnasiet) will be intimately familiar with this word, as it is a core part of the Danish curriculum (danskfaget), where students are taught to fortolke litteratur.

In News and Media
Journalists often use the word when discussing political polls or economic data. You might hear: "Økonomerne fortolker de nye arbejdsløshedstal som et tegn på krise" (Economists interpret the new unemployment figures as a sign of crisis). It signals that the speaker is offering an expert opinion rather than just a raw fact.
In the Arts
In reviews of theater plays or concerts, critics will discuss how a director or conductor chose to fortolke a classic work. "En dristig fortolkning af Hamlet" (A bold interpretation of Hamlet) is a common phrase in the culture section of newspapers like Politiken.

Det er svært at fortolke kunstnerens intention uden at kende hans baggrund.

If you listen to Danish podcasts about philosophy, history, or social science, fortolke will appear frequently. It is used to discuss historical events—how we fortolker fortiden (interpret the past) to understand the present. It is also a staple in religious discourse, particularly regarding how modern believers fortolker Bibelen (interpret the Bible) in a secular society. In all these contexts, the word serves as a marker of intellectual engagement.

Finally, in the corporate world, fortolke is used during strategy meetings and performance reviews. Managers must fortolke markedsudviklingen (interpret market trends) to make informed decisions. It is a word that suggests professional competence and the ability to see the "big picture" (det store billede) beyond the immediate details.

The most frequent mistake English speakers make when using fortolke is confusing it with its close relative tolke. In English, the word "interpret" covers both the act of explaining meaning and the act of translating spoken language. In Danish, these are distinct. If you are at a conference and someone is translating for you from Danish to English, that person is a tolk and they are tolker. If you use fortolke in this context, it sounds like they are adding their own creative spin or analysis to the translation, which is usually not what a translator should do!

Fortolke vs. Forklare
Another common error is using fortolke when you simply mean forklare (to explain). If you are explaining how to use a coffee machine, you use forklare. If you use fortolke, it sounds like the coffee machine's manual is a complex philosophical text that requires deep hermeneutic analysis.
Over-interpretation
Danes have a specific term for interpreting too much into something: at overfortolke. Learners often forget this and try to say "fortolke for meget." Using overfortolke is much more natural and idiomatic when you want to say someone is reading too much into a situation.

Du skal ikke overfortolke hans sms; han var bare træt.

There is also a prepositional pitfall. In English, we often interpret "as" something. In Danish, we use som. A mistake would be using "ligesom" or "da". Correct: "Jeg fortolker det som en udfordring." Incorrect: "Jeg fortolker det da en udfordring." Keeping the preposition consistent is key to sounding like a B2 speaker.

Lastly, be careful with the noun form fortolkning. While English uses "interpretation" for both the process and the result, Danish uses fortolkning similarly, but ensure you don't use the verb form where a noun is required. "Min fortolkning er..." (My interpretation is...) is correct, whereas "Min fortolke er..." is a basic grammatical error.

Danish has several words that overlap with fortolke, and choosing the right one can significantly elevate your fluency. Understanding the subtle differences between tyde, udlægge, analysere, and tolke is essential for precise communication at the B2 and C1 levels. Each word carries a slightly different "flavor" or register.

Tyde vs. Fortolke
Tyde is often used when something is difficult to see or read, like messy handwriting or ancient runes. It implies a process of deciphering. Fortolke is used once the words are clear, but the meaning is not. You tyder the handwriting, then you fortolker the message.
Udlægge vs. Fortolke
Udlægge is very close to fortolke but is often used in a more explanatory or pedagogical way. It literally means "to lay out." A priest might udlægge teksten (lay out/explain the text) to the congregation. It feels slightly more authoritative and structured than the more personal fortolke.
Analysere vs. Fortolke
Analysere is the technical breakdown of parts. You analyze the structure of a poem (rhyme, meter). Fortolke is the next step—deciding what that structure means for the overall theme. Analysis is objective; interpretation is subjective.

Vi må udlægge reglerne så de er retfærdige for alle.

If you want to sound more poetic or archaic, you might use grundgranske (to scrutinize deeply), though this is rare. In contrast, if you want to sound very informal, you might say læse ind i (read into). "Du læser for meget ind i det" (You're reading too much into it) is the casual equivalent of overfortolke.

By diversifying your vocabulary with these alternatives, you can express varying degrees of certainty and different types of intellectual effort. Fortolke remains the most versatile and common "high-level" word for interpretation, but knowing its cousins will make your Danish sound more natural and nuanced.

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수준별 예문

1

Jeg kan fortolke dette billede.

I can interpret this picture.

Simple subject + modal + infinitive.

2

Hun fortolker en sang.

She interprets a song.

Present tense of a regular verb.

3

Vi skal fortolke en historie.

We are going to interpret a story.

Future intent with 'skal'.

4

Hvad fortolker du?

What are you interpreting?

Question structure.

5

Han fortolkede min tegning.

He interpreted my drawing.

Past tense (-ede).

6

Det er let at fortolke.

It is easy to interpret.

Infinitive with 'at'.

7

Jeg vil gerne fortolke drømme.

I would like to interpret dreams.

Polite request/desire.

8

De fortolker farverne.

They interpret the colors.

Third person plural.

1

Min lærer fortolker digtet for os.

My teacher interprets the poem for us.

Using 'for' to indicate the beneficiary.

2

Jeg fortolker hans smil som et ja.

I interpret his smile as a yes.

Using 'som' as 'as'.

3

Kan du fortolke dette brev?

Can you interpret this letter?

Modal verb 'kan'.

4

Vi har fortolket resultaterne sammen.

We have interpreted the results together.

Present perfect tense.

5

Hun elsker at fortolke gamle film.

She loves to interpret old movies.

Verb + 'at' + infinitive.

6

Det er svært at fortolke tavshed.

It is hard to interpret silence.

Adjective 'svært' + infinitive.

7

Hvorfor fortolker du det negativt?

Why do you interpret it negatively?

Adverbial use.

8

Børn fortolker verden på deres egen måde.

Children interpret the world in their own way.

Plural subject.

1

Instruktøren valgte at fortolke stykket meget moderne.

The director chose to interpret the play very modernly.

Past tense 'valgte' followed by infinitive.

2

Man kan fortolke hendes handlinger på flere måder.

One can interpret her actions in several ways.

Impersonal 'man'.

3

Jeg har svært ved at fortolke denne graf.

I have difficulty interpreting this graph.

Idiomatic 'have svært ved at'.

4

Det er vigtigt ikke at overfortolke situationen.

It is important not to over-interpret the situation.

Negative infinitive.

5

Hvordan vil du fortolke slutningen på bogen?

How will you interpret the ending of the book?

Future with 'vil'.

6

Politikerne fortolker vælgernes signaler forskelligt.

The politicians interpret the voters' signals differently.

Possessive 'vælgernes'.

7

Vi skal lære at fortolke statistikker kritisk.

We must learn to interpret statistics critically.

Modal 'skal' + 'lære at'.

8

Denne lov kan fortolkes meget bredt.

This law can be interpreted very broadly.

Passive voice 'fortolkes'.

1

Kritikeren fortolkede romanen som en kritik af kapitalismen.

The critic interpreted the novel as a critique of capitalism.

Specific academic context.

2

Det kræver erfaring at fortolke disse medicinske data.

It requires experience to interpret these medical data.

Abstract subject 'det' with 'kræver'.

3

Han har en tendens til at fortolke alt bogstaveligt.

He has a tendency to interpret everything literally.

Noun phrase 'en tendens til'.

4

Hvordan fortolker du forholdet mellem de to karakterer?

How do you interpret the relationship between the two characters?

Complex object phrase.

5

Deres tavshed blev fortolket som accept.

Their silence was interpreted as acceptance.

Passive voice with 'blev'.

6

Vi må ikke fortolke hans ord ud fra vores egne fordomme.

We must not interpret his words based on our own prejudices.

Prepositional phrase 'ud fra'.

7

At fortolke drømme var centralt for Freuds arbejde.

Interpreting dreams was central to Freud's work.

Infinitival subject.

8

Hun formåede at fortolke rollen med stor dybde.

She managed to interpret the role with great depth.

Verb 'formåede' + 'at'.

1

Domstolen skal fortolke loven i lyset af grundloven.

The court must interpret the law in light of the constitution.

Idiomatic 'i lyset af'.

2

Man kan ikke fortolke teksten isoleret fra dens historiske kontekst.

One cannot interpret the text isolated from its historical context.

Adverbial participle 'isoleret'.

3

Han leverede en mesterlig fortolkning af Beethovens niende symfoni.

He delivered a masterful interpretation of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony.

Noun form 'fortolkning'.

4

Projektet søger at fortolke de kulturelle forandringer i det 21. århundrede.

The project seeks to interpret the cultural changes in the 21st century.

Formal verb 'søger at'.

5

Det er problematisk at fortolke tavshed som samtykke i denne sag.

It is problematic to interpret silence as consent in this case.

Evaluation 'Det er problematisk'.

6

Hun har dedikeret sit liv til at fortolke Kierkegaards filosofi.

She has dedicated her life to interpreting Kierkegaard's philosophy.

Preposition 'til' + 'at' + infinitive.

7

Hvordan fortolker vi de seneste økonomiske nøgletal?

How do we interpret the latest key economic figures?

Technical terminology 'nøgletal'.

8

Filmen inviterer publikum til selv at fortolke slutningen.

The film invites the audience to interpret the ending themselves.

Reflexive 'selv'.

1

Hermeneutik er læren om, hvordan vi fortolker tekster og mening.

Hermeneutics is the study of how we interpret texts and meaning.

Academic definition.

2

Han formår at fortolke det banale, så det fremstår sublimt.

He manages to interpret the banal so that it appears sublime.

Contrast 'banale' vs 'sublimt'.

3

Enhver oversættelse er i sig selv en måde at fortolke originalen på.

Every translation is in itself a way of interpreting the original.

Preposition 'på' at the end of the phrase.

4

Vi må undgå at fortolke fortiden gennem nutidens moralske linse.

We must avoid interpreting the past through the moral lens of the present.

Metaphorical 'moralske linse'.

5

Instruktørens fortolkning radikaliserede det oprindelige manuskript.

The director's interpretation radicalized the original script.

Strong verb 'radikaliserede'.

6

Det er en udbredt misforståelse at fortolke hans ironi som arrogance.

It is a common misunderstanding to interpret his irony as arrogance.

Noun phrase 'udbredt misforståelse'.

7

Hvordan fortolkes begrebet 'frihed' i en digital tidsalder?

How is the concept of 'freedom' interpreted in a digital age?

Passive voice 'fortolkes'.

8

Hans evne til at fortolke komplekse magtstrukturer er uovertruffen.

His ability to interpret complex power structures is unsurpassed.

Superlative 'uovertruffen'.

동의어

udlægge tyde analysere forklare dechifrere opfatte læse belyse

반의어

misforstå ignorere forvrænge forvanske

자주 쓰는 조합

fortolke en lov
fortolke et digt
fortolke resultaterne
frit fortolket
fortolke drømme
fortolke en rolle
fortolke bogstaveligt
fortolke signalerne
fortolke tavshed
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