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B2 noun #19 가장 일반적인 14분 분량

virtue

상위 19

연습하기 예시 노트와 팁 virtue 30초 만에

설명 virtue in your Level:

The word 'virtue' is a bit difficult for beginners, but you can think of it as a very 'good quality.' A virtue is something good about a person's character. For example, being kind is a virtue. Being honest is a virtue. When we say someone has many virtues, we mean they are a very good person with many good habits. It is like saying they have many 'stars' for their behavior. You might not use this word every day at this level, but you might see it in stories about heroes or good people. Just remember: virtue = a good thing about a person. It is the opposite of a 'bad thing' or a 'vice.' If you want to be a good friend, you should practice virtues like sharing and listening. Even at this early stage of learning English, understanding that some words describe 'goodness' in a special way can help you understand more complex stories later on. You can also think of it as a 'plus point.' If a toy is small and easy to carry, that is a 'virtue' or a good thing about the toy. But mostly, at A1, focus on it meaning 'being a good person.'

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At the A2 level, you can start to see 'virtue' as a more formal way to say 'a good quality.' You might encounter it in reading passages about famous people or history. For example, 'George Washington was known for the virtue of honesty.' This means honesty was a very important and good part of who he was. You can also use it to describe a specific advantage of something. If you are talking about a small car, you could say, 'One virtue of this car is that it is easy to park.' This is a slightly more advanced way of saying 'One good thing about this car.' You will also see the phrase 'Patience is a virtue.' This is a very common English saying that means it is good to be able to wait calmly. It is a good idea to learn this phrase as a single unit. Remember that 'virtue' is a noun. You can have one virtue or many virtues. It is a positive word, so you use it when you want to praise someone or something. It is more formal than 'good point' or 'benefit,' so using it can make your English sound a little more serious and professional.

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By B1, you should understand that 'virtue' refers to high moral standards. It is not just a 'good quality,' but a quality that is considered morally right. Common virtues include courage, justice, and temperance. You might use this word when discussing characters in a book or movie, or when talking about the qualities of a good leader. You will also start to see the formal phrase 'by virtue of.' This means 'because of' or 'as a result of.' For example, 'He got the job by virtue of his great experience.' This is a very useful phrase for writing essays or formal letters. It shows a clear connection between a cause and an effect. You should also be aware of the adjective form, 'virtuous.' A virtuous person is someone who lives according to high moral standards. For example, 'She led a virtuous life, always helping those in need.' At this level, you are expected to use 'virtue' to talk about more abstract ideas like 'civic virtue' (being a good citizen) or 'the virtues of hard work.' It is a word that helps you move beyond simple descriptions of people and start talking about their character and values in a more sophisticated way.

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At the B2 level, 'virtue' is a key word for discussing ethics, advantages, and formal relationships. You should be comfortable using it to describe both moral excellence and functional benefits. In a debate, you might argue for the 'virtues of a democratic system,' referring to its inherent strengths. You should also be familiar with the idiom 'to make a virtue of necessity.' This is a great phrase to use in writing to describe someone who turns a difficult, forced situation into an apparent choice or a positive action. For example, 'When the company lost its main office, they made a virtue of necessity and transitioned to a fully remote workforce, praising the flexibility it gave their employees.' You should also understand the nuance between 'virtue' and similar words like 'integrity' or 'merit.' While 'merit' is often about performance, 'virtue' is more about character or inherent nature. In formal writing, 'by virtue of' is an excellent way to link ideas logically. For instance, 'The court ruled that the contract was invalid by virtue of the fact that it was signed under duress.' At this level, you should also be able to recognize 'virtue signaling' in modern media, understanding it as a critique of insincere moral displays. Your use of 'virtue' should reflect an understanding of its historical weight and its modern versatility.

At the C1 level, your understanding of 'virtue' should encompass its philosophical roots and its varied applications in high-level discourse. You should be aware of 'virtue ethics,' a major branch of moral philosophy that focuses on the inherent character of a person rather than specific actions or rules. When analyzing literature or historical texts, you can use 'virtue' to discuss the moral frameworks of different eras, such as the 'chivalric virtues' of the Middle Ages or the 'Victorian virtues' of industry and domesticity. You should also be able to use the word in a more abstract, almost technical sense in fields like economics or political science—for example, discussing the 'virtues of a free market' or the 'virtues of judicial independence.' The phrase 'by virtue of' should be a natural part of your formal repertoire, used to denote authority or logical necessity with precision. You should also be sensitive to the potential for irony or sarcasm when the word is used, especially in phrases like 'a paragon of virtue,' which can sometimes be used to mock someone who acts overly self-righteous. Your vocabulary should also include related terms like 'virtuosity' (technical skill) and you should be careful not to confuse the two. At this level, 'virtue' is not just a word for 'goodness' but a tool for nuanced moral and functional analysis.

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For a C2 learner, 'virtue' is a word with deep resonance across multiple domains. You should be able to engage in sophisticated discussions about the nature of virtue itself—is it innate or learned? Is it universal or culturally relative? You can use the term to navigate complex ethical dilemmas, perhaps contrasting 'deontological' (rule-based) ethics with 'virtue-based' approaches. In your writing, you can use 'virtue' to add layers of meaning, perhaps using it as a metaphor or in a highly specialized context. For instance, in a scientific paper, you might discuss the 'virtues of a particular methodology' in terms of its robustness and replicability. You should have a complete command of all idiomatic expressions, including 'by virtue of,' 'make a virtue of necessity,' and 'the virtue of the thing' (the inherent quality of something). You should also be able to recognize and use the word in its more archaic or literary senses, such as 'virtue' meaning 'power' or 'efficacy' (e.g., 'the virtue of the medicine'). Your understanding should also extend to the sociological critique of 'virtue signaling' and how the concept of virtue is used to construct social identity and power structures. At C2, 'virtue' is a versatile instrument in your linguistic orchestra, allowing you to express subtle shades of moral, functional, and authoritative meaning with absolute clarity and stylistic flair.

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연습하기 예시 노트와 팁

virtue 30초 만에

Virtue is a noun that describes moral excellence, a specific good character trait, or a practical advantage or benefit inherent in something.
The word is commonly used in the formal phrase 'by virtue of,' which means 'because of' or 'on the basis of' a specific power or quality.
In philosophy, virtue focuses on the character of the person, while in business, it often refers to the unique strengths of a product or strategy.
It is the opposite of 'vice' and should not be confused with 'virtual' (simulated) or 'virtuosity' (technical skill in art or music).

The word virtue is a multi-faceted noun that primarily describes moral excellence and righteousness. At its core, it represents a quality or trait that is deemed to be morally good and thus is valued as a foundation of principle and good moral being. When we speak of someone's virtues, we are referring to their positive characteristics, such as honesty, courage, compassion, and integrity. Historically, the concept of virtue has been central to ethical philosophy, particularly in the works of Aristotle, who viewed virtue as a 'golden mean' between extremes of deficiency and excess. In modern parlance, the term has expanded beyond purely moral contexts to describe any beneficial quality or advantage that something possesses. For instance, one might discuss the virtues of a particular software program or a new dietary regimen, meaning the specific benefits or strengths that make it effective or desirable.

Moral Excellence: The quality of doing what is right and avoiding what is wrong. It implies a consistent pattern of thought and action aligned with high ethical standards.

She was regarded by the entire community as a woman of great virtue, known for her tireless charity work and unwavering honesty.

In a secondary sense, virtue is often used in the phrase 'by virtue of,' which functions as a prepositional idiom meaning 'because of' or 'on the basis of.' This usage is common in formal writing, legal documents, and academic discourse. It suggests that a particular result or status is achieved through the power or authority of something else. For example, a person might hold a position 'by virtue of their experience.' This highlights the instrumental nature of the word, where the 'virtue' of the experience is what grants the authority or the result. Furthermore, the word can describe a specific good habit or quality, such as patience or temperance. In religious and philosophical traditions, these are often categorized as 'cardinal virtues' or 'theological virtues,' providing a framework for human conduct and spiritual growth.

Inherent Advantage: A beneficial feature or trait that makes something effective or useful in a specific context.

The main virtue of this new engine design is its remarkable fuel efficiency compared to older models.

Culturally, the concept of virtue has shifted over time. In ancient Rome, 'virtus' was closely tied to manliness, valor, and military prowess. During the Victorian era, it was frequently associated with sexual purity and modesty, particularly for women. Today, while those older meanings persist in specific historical or literary contexts, the word is most frequently encountered in discussions about character education, corporate ethics, and the functional benefits of technology or systems. It remains a powerful word because it bridges the gap between the abstract world of ethics and the practical world of utility. Whether you are praising a friend's loyalty or explaining why a certain investment strategy is sound, 'virtue' provides a sophisticated way to articulate the presence of positive, desirable qualities.

Patience is a virtue that is often tested in the fast-paced environment of modern urban life.

Functional Merit: The practical value or effectiveness of a strategy, tool, or method in achieving a desired outcome.

One virtue of the proposed tax reform is its simplicity, which reduces the administrative burden on small businesses.

He claimed the title to the property by virtue of his long-term occupancy and maintenance of the land.

Using the word virtue correctly requires an understanding of its grammatical roles as both a countable and uncountable noun. When referring to the general concept of moral goodness, it is often used uncountably. For example, 'Virtue is its own reward' suggests that being a good person is inherently satisfying, regardless of external recognition. In this context, it functions similarly to words like 'honesty' or 'integrity.' However, when referring to specific qualities, it becomes a countable noun. You can speak of 'the virtues of courage and humility,' implying that these are distinct, individual traits. This flexibility allows the speaker to move between broad philosophical statements and specific character assessments with ease.

Countable Usage: Refers to specific positive traits or advantages. Example: 'Among his many virtues, his loyalty was the most prominent.'

The committee discussed the various virtues of the competing architectural designs before making a final decision.

A very common construction is the prepositional phrase 'by virtue of.' This phrase is almost always followed by a noun or a noun phrase and acts as a formal synonym for 'because of' or 'due to.' It is particularly useful in professional and academic writing to explain the reason or basis for a situation. For instance, 'She gained citizenship by virtue of her marriage to a local resident.' Here, the 'virtue' is the legal status or power granted by the marriage. It is important to note that this phrase is rarely used in very casual conversation, where 'because of' is much more natural. Using 'by virtue of' in a casual setting might make the speaker sound overly formal or even slightly pompous.

Uncountable Usage: Refers to the general abstract concept of moral excellence. Example: 'A life of virtue is often a life of quiet sacrifice.'

The philosopher argued that virtue cannot be taught through books alone but must be practiced daily.

Another idiomatic use is 'make a virtue of necessity.' This is used when someone is forced to do something but acts as if they are doing it out of choice or for a noble reason. For example, if a company is forced to downsize due to financial trouble, the CEO might 'make a virtue of necessity' by claiming they are doing it to become a 'leaner, more efficient organization.' This usage carries a slightly cynical or ironic tone, as it highlights the gap between the forced reality and the presented narrative. Understanding this idiom is crucial for interpreting political or corporate communication where spin is frequently employed.

When the rain ruined their outdoor wedding plans, they decided to make a virtue of necessity and held an intimate candlelit ceremony in the barn.

Prepositional Phrase: 'By virtue of' is a fixed expression. Do not say 'by the virtue of' or 'with virtue of.'

The judge ruled that the defendant was entitled to a reduced sentence by virtue of his cooperation with the police.

The primary virtue of the digital format is its portability and ease of distribution.

You will encounter the word virtue in several distinct environments, ranging from the highly formal to the moderately academic. In the realm of ethics and philosophy, it is a foundational term. If you are listening to a lecture on moral philosophy or reading a book about character development, 'virtue' will be used to describe the traits that lead to a flourishing life. Philosophers like Aristotle, Thomas Aquinas, and modern 'virtue ethicists' use the term to shift the focus from rules and consequences to the character of the individual. In these contexts, the word carries a weight of historical and intellectual significance, often discussed alongside concepts like 'vice,' 'eudaimonia' (happiness or flourishing), and 'the good life.'

Academic Discourse: Used in humanities and social sciences to analyze character, ethics, and societal values.

The professor argued that the virtue of civic responsibility has declined in the age of digital individualism.

In legal and administrative settings, the phrase 'by virtue of' is a staple. You will hear it in courtrooms when a lawyer explains why a client has a certain right, or you might see it in official government documents explaining the authority of a specific office. For example, 'By virtue of the power vested in me by the state, I now pronounce you...' is a classic line from wedding ceremonies. This usage is purely functional and formal, serving to establish a clear chain of authority or causation. It is less about 'goodness' and more about 'power' or 'legal standing.' If you work in law, human resources, or government, mastering this phrase is essential for clear communication.

Legal/Official Context: Used to denote authority, rights, or status derived from a specific source or law.

The CEO holds his position by virtue of a majority vote from the board of directors.

In the business and technology sectors, 'virtue' is frequently used to describe the competitive advantages of a product or service. A marketing executive might talk about the 'virtues of a subscription-based model' over a one-time purchase. Here, it is synonymous with 'benefit,' 'advantage,' or 'strength.' This usage is common in product reviews, business proposals, and strategic planning meetings. It adds a touch of sophistication to the language, suggesting that the benefits being discussed are not just superficial features but are fundamental to the value of the item. You might also hear the term 'virtue signaling' in modern social and political commentary, which refers to the act of publicly expressing opinions intended to demonstrate one's good character or moral correctness, often seen as insincere.

Critics accused the corporation of virtue signaling when it changed its logo for a month without altering its internal policies.

Business/Marketing: Used to articulate the unique selling points or inherent strengths of a business proposition.

The main virtue of this software is its ability to integrate seamlessly with existing legacy systems.

In the debate, she highlighted the virtues of a decentralized energy grid for national security.

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make with virtue is confusing it with the word 'virtual.' While they share the same Latin root, their meanings in modern English are entirely different. 'Virtual' refers to something that exists in essence or effect but not in formal fact (like virtual reality) or something that is almost or nearly a certain thing. 'Virtue,' as we have discussed, refers to moral goodness or an advantage. Saying 'The virtual of this plan is its cost' is incorrect; it should be 'The virtue of this plan is its cost.' This confusion often stems from the fact that 'virtually' is a very common adverb meaning 'almost,' while 'virtuously' is a much rarer adverb meaning 'in a morally good way.'

Virtue vs. Virtual: Do not use 'virtual' when you mean a positive quality. 'Virtual' means simulated or nearly; 'virtue' means a good trait.

Incorrect: He is a man of great virtual.
Correct: He is a man of great virtue.

Another common error involves the misuse of the phrase 'by virtue of.' Some speakers try to use it with 'to' instead of 'of,' saying 'by virtue to.' This is grammatically incorrect as the phrase is a fixed idiom. Additionally, some people use 'by virtue of' when a simple 'because' or 'by' would be more appropriate and less wordy. While not strictly a grammar error, using it in very informal contexts can make your speech sound unnatural. For example, saying 'I got a free coffee by virtue of my loyalty card' is technically correct but sounds overly dramatic for a simple transaction. It is best reserved for situations where the 'virtue' (the loyalty card status) is a formal reason for the benefit.

Idiom Precision: The phrase is always 'by virtue of' + [noun]. Any variation like 'with virtue of' is non-standard.

Incorrect: The project succeeded with virtue of hard work.
Correct: The project succeeded by virtue of hard work.

Finally, there is a tendency to use 'virtue' only in a moral sense, forgetting its meaning as an 'advantage.' This can limit a learner's expressive range. Conversely, some might use 'virtue' to describe any positive thing, even if it's not a 'quality' or 'trait.' For instance, 'The virtue of the weather today is that it's sunny' is a bit odd. A 'virtue' is usually an inherent characteristic of a person, system, or object, not just a temporary state. Using 'virtue' to describe the weather feels like a category error. Stick to using it for stable, defining characteristics that provide a benefit or demonstrate goodness.

Incorrect: One virtue of the party was the good music.
Correct: One highlight of the party was the good music.

Confusing with Virtuosity: 'Virtuosity' refers to great technical skill (usually in music or art), not moral goodness.

The pianist's virtuosity was breathtaking, but his personal virtue was often questioned by his peers.

By virtue of his position as chairman, he had the final say on all budgetary matters.

The word virtue has several synonyms, each with its own nuance depending on whether you are emphasizing moral goodness or practical advantage. When discussing moral character, 'integrity' is a strong alternative. While 'virtue' is a broad term for goodness, 'integrity' specifically implies a consistency of character and adherence to a set of values, even when no one is watching. 'Rectitude' is a more formal and somewhat old-fashioned synonym that emphasizes being 'straight' or 'correct' in one's moral conduct. 'Morality' is the most general term, referring to the whole system of right and wrong, whereas 'virtue' focuses on the positive traits within that system.

Virtue vs. Integrity: 'Virtue' is the quality of being good; 'integrity' is the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles that you refuse to change.

While he possessed many virtues, it was his absolute integrity that made him a trusted leader.

When 'virtue' is used to mean an advantage or a beneficial feature, 'merit' and 'asset' are excellent alternatives. 'Merit' suggests a quality that deserves praise or reward, often used in academic or professional evaluations (e.g., 'the merits of the case'). 'Asset' is more common in business and personal contexts, referring to a useful or valuable thing, person, or quality (e.g., 'Her fluency in five languages is a great asset to the company'). 'Advantage' is the most straightforward alternative, but it lacks the connotation of 'inherent goodness' that 'virtue' provides. Using 'virtue' in a technical context can elevate the tone, making the advantage seem more fundamental to the design or system.

Virtue vs. Merit: 'Virtue' often implies an inherent good quality; 'merit' often refers to the excellence or worth of something as determined by evaluation.

We must weigh the virtues of the new proposal against the merits of the existing system.

In the context of the phrase 'by virtue of,' synonyms include 'by dint of,' 'on account of,' and 'owing to.' 'By dint of' is a bit more idiomatic and often implies a great deal of effort (e.g., 'He succeeded by dint of hard work'). 'On account of' and 'owing to' are more neutral and can be used in both formal and informal settings. However, 'by virtue of' remains the preferred choice when the cause is a specific power, right, or inherent quality. Understanding these subtle differences allows you to choose the word that best fits the register and the specific point you are trying to make, whether you are writing a philosophical essay or a business report.

He won the race not just by virtue of his natural talent, but by dint of exhaustive training.

Virtue vs. Strength: 'Strength' is a general term for a positive quality; 'virtue' specifically implies a quality that is morally or functionally 'good' in a deeper sense.

The virtue of her argument lay in its logical consistency, which was its greatest strength.

She achieved her goals by virtue of her persistence and her ability to learn from failure.

How Formal Is It?

격식체

중립

비격식체

Child friendly

속어

재미있는 사실

In ancient Rome, 'virtus' was specifically the quality of being a brave soldier and a good citizen. It wasn't until later that it became a general word for moral goodness.

발음 가이드

UK /ˈvɜː.tʃuː/

US /ˈvɝː.tʃuː/

The stress is on the first syllable: VER-tue.

라임이 맞는 단어

statue value nephew curfew issue tissue rescue venue

자주 하는 실수

Pronouncing the 't' as a hard 't' instead of a 'ch' sound (e.g., 'ver-too').
Confusing the pronunciation with 'virtual' (/ˈvɜː.tʃu.əl/).
Putting the stress on the second syllable.
Dropping the final 'u' sound.
Pronouncing the first syllable like 'fire' instead of 'fur'.

난이도

독해 4/5

Common in literature and formal articles, but the meaning is usually clear from context.

쓰기 5/5

Using 'by virtue of' correctly requires some practice in formal sentence structure.

말하기 3/5

Rarely used in casual speech except for common idioms like 'patience is a virtue'.

듣기 4/5

Can be confused with 'virtual' if the listener is not paying close attention to the syllables.

다음에 무엇을 배울까

선수 학습

good quality honest because power

다음에 배울 것

integrity rectitude vice ethical disposition

고급

eudaimonia deontology probity efficacy virtuosity

알아야 할 문법

Prepositional Idioms

The phrase 'by virtue of' is a fixed unit and cannot be changed to 'with virtue of'.

Noun Countability

Use 'virtue' (uncountable) for the concept: 'He is full of virtue.' Use 'virtues' (countable) for traits: 'He has many virtues.'

Adjective Formation

The suffix '-ous' turns the noun 'virtue' into the adjective 'virtuous'.

Gerund Phrases as Objects

In 'by virtue of being fast,' the gerund 'being' acts as the object of the preposition 'of'.

Predicate Nominatives

In 'Honesty is a virtue,' the word 'virtue' renames the subject 'honesty'.

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수준별 예문

Being kind is a great virtue.

Être gentil est une grande vertu.

Here, 'virtue' is a countable noun used to describe a single good quality.

Honesty is a virtue we should all have.

L'honnêteté est une vertu que nous devrions tous avoir.

'Honesty' is the subject, and 'virtue' is the complement.

My grandmother has the virtue of patience.

Ma grand-mère a la vertu de la patience.

The phrase 'virtue of [quality]' is a common way to specify the trait.

Is being brave a virtue?

Est-ce que le fait d'être courageux est une vertu ?

This is a simple question using 'virtue' as a predicate nominative.

He is a man of many virtues.

C'est un homme aux nombreuses vertus.

'Many virtues' shows the plural form of the noun.

Sharing your toys is a virtue.

Partager ses jouets est une vertu.

The gerund phrase 'Sharing your toys' acts as the subject.

She showed the virtue of kindness today.

Elle a fait preuve de la vertu de la gentillesse aujourd'hui.

'Showed the virtue of' is a common verb-noun collocation.

A good person has many virtues.

Une bonne personne a de nombreuses vertus.

Simple sentence structure: Subject + Verb + Object.

Patience is a virtue that helps in school.

La patience est une vertu qui aide à l'école.

A relative clause 'that helps in school' modifies 'virtue'.

One virtue of this small car is its low price.

Une vertu de cette petite voiture est son prix bas.

Here, 'virtue' means 'advantage' or 'benefit'.

The teacher praised the student's virtue of hard work.

Le professeur a loué la vertu du travail acharné de l'élève.

Possessive form 'student's virtue' is used here.

We should learn about the virtues of great leaders.

Nous devrions apprendre les vertus des grands leaders.

'Virtues of' followed by a plural noun.

Is loyalty a virtue in a friendship?

La loyauté est-elle une vertu dans une amitié ?

Question form using 'virtue' to categorize a character trait.

The book tells a story about virtue and vice.

Le livre raconte une histoire sur la vertu et le vice.

'Vice' is the direct antonym of 'virtue'.

She is known for the virtue of being very polite.

Elle est connue pour la vertu d'être très polie.

The preposition 'for' introduces the reason for her fame.

The main virtue of this phone is the long battery life.

La principale vertu de ce téléphone est la longue durée de vie de la batterie.

'Main virtue' is a common collocation meaning 'primary advantage'.

He succeeded by virtue of his incredible determination.

Il a réussi grâce à son incroyable détermination.

'By virtue of' is a formal prepositional phrase meaning 'because of'.

The hero of the novel is a man of great virtue.

Le héros du roman est un homme d'une grande vertu.

'Of great virtue' is an adjectival phrase modifying 'man'.

We must consider the virtues of both options before deciding.

Nous devons considérer les vertus des deux options avant de décider.

'Virtues' here refers to the advantages of different choices.

She leads a virtuous life, dedicated to helping others.

Elle mène une vie vertueuse, dédiée à aider les autres.

'Virtuous' is the adjective form of 'virtue'.

The philosopher wrote about the four cardinal virtues.

Le philosophe a écrit sur les quatre vertus cardinales.

'Cardinal virtues' refers to justice, prudence, temperance, and fortitude.

Patience is a virtue that many people find difficult to master.

La patience est une vertu que beaucoup de gens ont du mal à maîtriser.

Complex sentence with a relative clause.

By virtue of her position, she has access to confidential files.

En vertu de son poste, elle a accès à des dossiers confidentiels.

'By virtue of' explains the source of her authority.

The main virtue of the new law is that it protects the environment.

La principale vertu de la nouvelle loi est qu'elle protège l'environnement.

A noun clause 'that it protects the environment' acts as the complement.

They decided to make a virtue of necessity and enjoy the staycation.

Ils ont décidé de faire contre mauvaise fortune bon cœur et de profiter de leurs vacances à la maison.

The idiom 'make a virtue of necessity' means to find a positive in a forced situation.

The judge ruled in his favor by virtue of the new evidence.

Le juge a tranché en sa faveur en vertu des nouvelles preuves.

'By virtue of' is used here in a formal, legal context.

He was praised for his civic virtue and commitment to the town.

Il a été loué pour sa vertu civique et son engagement envers la ville.

'Civic virtue' refers to the positive habits of a citizen.

The primary virtue of this investment is its long-term stability.

La principale vertu de cet investissement est sa stabilité à long terme.

'Virtue' is used here as a synonym for 'strength' or 'benefit'.

Some critics see his public charity as mere virtue signaling.

Certains critiques voient sa charité publique comme une simple démonstration de vertu.

'Virtue signaling' is a modern term for insincere moral displays.

The ancient Romans valued the virtue of courage above all else.

Les anciens Romains appréciaient la vertu du courage par-dessus tout.

Historical context for the word 'virtue'.

By virtue of the power vested in me, I declare this park open.

En vertu des pouvoirs qui m'ont été conférés, je déclare ce parc ouvert.

A very formal and traditional use of 'by virtue of'.

The virtue of the plan lies in its simplicity and low cost.

La vertu du plan réside dans sa simplicité et son faible coût.

The verb 'lies in' is often used with 'virtue' to explain where the benefit comes from.

Aristotle's ethics focus on the cultivation of moral virtue.

L'éthique d'Aristote se concentre sur la culture de la vertu morale.

'Moral virtue' is a specific term in ethical philosophy.

The contract was terminated by virtue of a clause regarding non-performance.

Le contrat a été résilié en vertu d'une clause concernant la non-exécution.

Highly formal legal usage of 'by virtue of'.

She argued that the virtues of a rural life are often overlooked.

Elle a soutenu que les vertus d'une vie rurale sont souvent négligées.

Plural 'virtues' used to describe multiple advantages.

His actions were a testament to his unwavering personal virtue.

Ses actions étaient un témoignage de sa vertu personnelle inébranlable.

'Unwavering' is a strong adjective to pair with 'virtue'.

The company attempted to make a virtue of necessity by rebranding after the scandal.

L'entreprise a tenté de faire contre mauvaise fortune bon cœur en changeant d'image après le scandale.

Idiomatic use in a business/PR context.

The virtue of this approach is that it minimizes risk while maximizing gain.

La vertu de cette approche est qu'elle minimise les risques tout en maximisant les gains.

Using 'virtue' to describe the strategic advantage of a method.

By virtue of being the eldest, he inherited the family estate.

En vertu de son statut d'aîné, il a hérité du domaine familial.

'By virtue of' followed by a gerund phrase 'being the eldest'.

The debate centered on whether virtue can be taught or is inherent.

Le débat portait sur la question de savoir si la vertu peut être enseignée ou si elle est innée.

Abstract use of 'virtue' as a philosophical concept.

The ontological status of virtue remains a central question in meta-ethics.

Le statut ontologique de la vertu reste une question centrale en méta-éthique.

Highly academic usage in the field of philosophy.

He held the office by virtue of a royal prerogative that had long been dormant.

Il occupait ses fonctions en vertu d'une prérogative royale longtemps restée en sommeil.

Formal historical and legal usage.

The poem explores the tension between public duty and private virtue.

Le poème explore la tension entre le devoir public et la vertu privée.

Literary analysis of 'virtue' as a character theme.

The medicine's healing virtue was attributed to a rare mountain herb.

La vertu curative du médicament était attribuée à une herbe de montagne rare.

Archaic/literary use of 'virtue' meaning 'efficacy' or 'power'.

She was a paragon of virtue in an era of widespread corruption.

Elle était un modèle de vertu à une époque de corruption généralisée.

'Paragon of virtue' is a classic superlative idiom.

By virtue of its unique geographic position, the city became a hub for trade.

En vertu de sa position géographique unique, la ville est devenue une plaque tournante du commerce.

Using 'virtue' to explain a historical/geographical outcome.

The critic dismissed the film's moralizing tone as a form of hollow virtue signaling.

Le critique a rejeté le ton moralisateur du film comme une forme de démonstration de vertu creuse.

Modern socio-political critique using 'virtue signaling'.

The stoic philosopher argued that virtue is the sole sufficient condition for happiness.

Le philosophe stoïcien soutenait que la vertu est la seule condition suffisante pour le bonheur.

Technical philosophical usage in Stoicism.

자주 쓰는 조합

cardinal virtue

by virtue of

make a virtue of necessity

civic virtue

paragon of virtue

moral virtue

inherent virtue

theological virtue

virtue signaling

easy virtue

자주 쓰는 구문

Patience is a virtue.

— A common proverb meaning that it is good to be patient and wait for things.

I know you want your gift now, but patience is a virtue.

Virtue is its own reward.

— Doing something good is satisfying in itself and doesn't need a prize.

He didn't want any money for helping; he believed virtue is its own reward.

By virtue of the fact that...

— A formal way to say 'because' or 'due to the reality that'.

By virtue of the fact that he was late, he missed the opening speech.

A man of virtue

— A person who has very high moral standards and behaves well.

The community mourned the loss of a man of great virtue.

The virtues of...

— The advantages or good points of a specific thing.

We spent the afternoon discussing the virtues of organic farming.

Lack of virtue

— A phrase used to describe a person who does not have good moral character.

The scandal revealed a shocking lack of virtue among the executives.

Practice virtue

— To actively try to behave in a morally good way every day.

The monks spend their lives trying to practice virtue in all things.

Public virtue

— Good behavior that benefits the whole community or society.

The award was given for his long history of public virtue.

Domestic virtues

— Qualities related to being a good family member or running a home well.

The Victorian era placed a high value on domestic virtues.

Heroic virtue

— A level of goodness or courage that is far beyond what is normal.

The soldier was recognized for his heroic virtue in the face of danger.

자주 혼동되는 단어

virtue vs virtual

Virtual means almost or simulated; virtue means a good quality. They are not interchangeable.

virtue vs virtuosity

Virtuosity is great skill in art or music; virtue is moral goodness.

virtue vs morality

Morality is the system of right and wrong; virtue is a specific good trait within that system.

관용어 및 표현

"Make a virtue of necessity"

— To benefit from a task you are forced to do by pretending you want to do it.

Since I have to stay home, I'll make a virtue of necessity and clean the house.

neutral

"By virtue of"

— Because of or on the basis of a specific power or quality.

She got the promotion by virtue of her hard work and dedication.

formal

"Virtue is its own reward"

— The satisfaction of doing something good is the only reward you need.

I don't need a thank-you note; virtue is its own reward.

neutral

"A paragon of virtue"

— A person who is a perfect example of good moral qualities.

No one is a paragon of virtue; we all make mistakes sometimes.

formal/literary

"Patience is a virtue"

— It is a good and necessary quality to be able to wait without getting angry.

The line is long, but remember, patience is a virtue.

informal/proverb

"Easy virtue"

— An old-fashioned, often sexist way to describe a woman who has many sexual partners.

The character in the 19th-century play was described as a woman of easy virtue.

archaic/literary

"By virtue of office"

— Because of the position or job that someone holds.

The mayor is a member of the committee by virtue of office.

formal/legal

"The virtue of the thing"

— The inherent power or effectiveness of something.

The virtue of the medicine lies in its natural ingredients.

formal

"A woman of virtue"

— A woman with high moral standards, historically often referring to chastity.

In the old stories, the hero always marries a woman of virtue.

formal/historical

"Civic virtue"

— The dedication of citizens to the common welfare of their community.

The school aims to instill civic virtue in all its students.

formal/political

혼동하기 쉬운

virtue vs Virtual

Similar spelling and root.

Virtual refers to something that is almost true or exists in a computer simulation. Virtue refers to moral goodness or an advantage.

The virtual meeting was about the virtues of the new project.

virtue vs Virtuosity

Same root word.

Virtuosity is about technical skill and talent, especially in music. Virtue is about character and ethics.

The violinist's virtuosity was amazing, but his lack of personal virtue was a problem.

virtue vs Value

Similar meaning in some contexts.

A value is a belief about what is important. A virtue is a specific good behavior or trait that reflects those values.

Honesty is one of my values, and I try to practice the virtue of truth-telling.

virtue vs Merit

Both mean a good quality.

Merit is often something earned or a quality that deserves a reward. Virtue is more about inherent character or goodness.

The merit of his work was clear, but his personal virtues were even more impressive.

virtue vs Asset

Both can mean an advantage.

An asset is a useful thing or person, often in a business sense. A virtue is a good quality that is part of something's nature.

His calm nature is a virtue and a great asset to the team.

문장 패턴

[Noun] is a virtue.

Kindness is a virtue.

The [Adjective] virtue of [Noun] is [Noun].

The main virtue of this car is its size.

[Clause] by virtue of [Noun Phrase].

He won the race by virtue of his speed.

Make a virtue of [Noun].

She made a virtue of necessity.

The virtue of [Gerund Phrase] lies in [Noun Phrase].

The virtue of using this method lies in its efficiency.

By virtue of [Noun], [Subject] [Verb] [Object].

By virtue of his office, the President signed the decree.

A man/woman of [Adjective] virtue.

He was a man of great virtue.

Weigh the virtues of [A] against [B].

We must weigh the virtues of the new plan against the old one.

어휘 가족

명사

형용사

사용법

frequency

Common in formal writing, academic contexts, and specific idioms. Rare in casual daily speech.

자주 하는 실수

Using 'virtual' instead of 'virtue'. → The virtue of this method is its speed.
'Virtual' means almost or simulated. 'Virtue' means a good quality or advantage. They are not the same.
Saying 'by virtue to' instead of 'by virtue of'. → He won by virtue of his experience.
'By virtue of' is a fixed idiom. You must always use 'of' after 'virtue' in this phrase.
Using 'virtue' for temporary good things. → The highlight of the party was the music.
A 'virtue' is usually a lasting quality or an inherent advantage, not just a temporary good event.
Confusing 'virtuous' with 'virtuoso'. → He is a virtuoso pianist.
A 'virtuoso' is a person with great technical skill. 'Virtuous' means a person with high moral standards.
Overusing 'virtue' in casual speech. → The best thing about this phone is the screen.
While not grammatically wrong, using 'virtue' in very informal settings can make you sound stiff or unnatural.

팁

Use in Formal Writing

In academic or business writing, use 'by virtue of' instead of 'because of' to sound more professional. It shows a logical connection based on authority or inherent qualities.

Learn the Antonym

Always learn 'vice' alongside 'virtue'. Knowing that they are opposites helps you understand moral discussions and literature much more easily.

Master 'Patience is a Virtue'

This is the most common way you will hear the word used in daily life. Use it when you want to encourage someone (or yourself) to be patient in a slightly humorous or traditional way.

Countable vs. Uncountable

Remember that you can say 'a virtue' (one trait) or 'virtue' (the general concept). This flexibility is common with abstract nouns like 'beauty' or 'truth'.

Virtue vs. Virtuosity

Don't call a great musician 'virtuous' if you only mean they play well. Use 'virtuosity' for their skill. 'Virtuous' means they are a morally good person.

Elevate Your Descriptions

Instead of saying 'The good thing about this plan is...', try 'The virtue of this plan is...'. It makes your analysis sound more thoughtful and deep.

Understand 'Virtue Signaling'

Be aware of this term in social media debates. It's often used to dismiss people's arguments, so use it carefully and understand its negative connotation.

Think of 'Manliness'

Knowing the Latin root 'vir' (man) can help you remember that 'virtue' originally meant strength and courage, which are still key parts of the word's meaning today.

Pair with 'Necessity'

The phrase 'make a virtue of necessity' is a powerful tool for describing resilience. It's a great way to describe turning a bad situation into a good one.

Listen for the 'CH'

The 't' in virtue is pronounced like 'ch'. Focusing on this specific sound will help you distinguish it from 'virtual' or other similar-sounding words.

암기하기

기억법

Think of 'VERy TRUe'. A person of virtue is VERy TRUe to their good morals.

시각적 연상

Imagine a person standing straight and tall like a pillar (representing integrity) while helping someone else.

Word Web

Honesty Courage Kindness Patience Justice Integrity Advantage Merit

챌린지

Try to use 'by virtue of' in a sentence about your favorite hobby today. Then, name three virtues you think a good friend should have.

어원

The word comes from the Old French 'vertu', which in turn derived from the Latin 'virtus'.

원래 의미: In Latin, 'virtus' meant 'manliness', 'valor', or 'excellence', coming from 'vir', the word for 'man'.

It belongs to the Italic branch of the Indo-European language family.

문화적 맥락

Be aware that 'virtue signaling' is a politically charged term and can be offensive if used to dismiss someone's genuine moral concerns.

In English-speaking countries, the phrase 'Patience is a virtue' is one of the most common idioms used by parents and teachers.

Aristotle's 'Nicomachean Ethics' (the definitive philosophical work on virtue). The Seven Heavenly Virtues in Christian art and literature (e.g., Dante's 'Purgatorio'). Benjamin Franklin's list of 13 virtues in his autobiography.

실생활에서 연습하기

실제 사용 상황

Ethical Discussions

moral virtue
cultivate virtue
a life of virtue
the nature of virtue

Legal/Formal Writing

by virtue of
by virtue of office
by virtue of the fact
by virtue of authority

Product Reviews

the virtue of the design
main virtue
inherent virtues
weigh the virtues

Proverbs and Sayings

patience is a virtue
virtue is its own reward
make a virtue of necessity
paragon of virtue

Social/Political Commentary

virtue signaling
civic virtue
public virtue
lack of virtue

대화 시작하기

"Do you think patience is the most important virtue in today's world?"

"What virtues do you look for most when you are choosing a new friend?"

"Have you ever had to make a virtue of necessity during a difficult situation?"

"Do you believe that virtue is its own reward, or do people need external motivation?"

"In your opinion, what is the main virtue of living in a big city compared to a small town?"

일기 주제

Reflect on a time when you practiced the virtue of courage. What happened and how did it feel?

Write about a person you know who is a 'paragon of virtue.' What specific qualities do they have?

Discuss the virtues of your favorite hobby. Why is it beneficial for your life?

How has your understanding of the word 'virtue' changed since you were a child?

Write a short story where a character has to choose between personal gain and moral virtue.

자주 묻는 질문

10 질문

No, while that is the most common meaning, 'virtue' can also mean an advantage or a beneficial feature of something. For example, you can talk about the 'virtues of a new car,' meaning its good points like fuel efficiency or safety features.

It is a formal way of saying 'because of' or 'on the basis of.' For example, 'She got the job by virtue of her experience' means she got the job because she had a lot of experience. It usually implies that the reason gives her the right or power to have the result.

You can, but it might sound a bit formal. It's very common in the phrase 'Patience is a virtue.' In most other casual cases, people use words like 'good point,' 'benefit,' or 'strength' instead of 'virtue'.

They are opposites. A virtue is a good moral quality, like honesty. A vice is a bad moral quality or habit, like greed or laziness. They are often discussed together in books about ethics or character.

No. 'Virtuous' is the adjective for 'virtue' and means having high moral standards. 'Virtual' means almost or simulated (like virtual reality). They are very different, so be careful not to mix them up!

The cardinal virtues are four qualities that were considered very important in ancient philosophy: prudence (wisdom), justice, fortitude (courage), and temperance (self-control). They are seen as the foundation of a good character.

It means to do something that you are forced to do, but to act as if you are doing it because you want to or because it is a good thing to do. It's like finding a positive way to look at a situation you can't change.

It is both! It is uncountable when you talk about the general idea of being good ('He is a man of virtue'). It is countable when you talk about specific good traits ('She has many virtues, such as kindness and honesty').

This is a modern term used to describe when someone says or does something just to show others that they are a 'good person' or have the 'right' opinions, often without actually doing anything to help. It is usually used as a criticism.

In older English or very formal contexts, yes. It can mean the power or efficacy of something, like 'the healing virtue of a plant.' This usage is rare today but you might see it in old books.

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