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A2 adjective #4,000 가장 일반적인 13분 분량

gastado

상위 4,000

연습하기 예시 노트와 팁 gastado 30초 만에

설명 gastado in your Level:

At the A1 level, you are just beginning to describe the world around you. You will use 'gastado' in its simplest physical sense to describe common objects that are no longer new. You might use it to talk about your old shoes, a pencil that is almost finished, or a toy that has been played with too much. At this stage, you should focus on the basic meaning: 'not new anymore' and 'showing signs of use.' You will likely pair it with the verb 'estar' to describe the state of things. It is important to remember that if you are talking about one masculine thing, it is 'gastado,' and for one feminine thing, it is 'gastada.' If you have more than one, add an 's.' Keep your sentences short and direct. For example, 'Mis botas están gastadas' (My boots are worn out). This helps you build the foundation for describing the condition of physical items in your daily life without getting bogged down in complex grammar or metaphorical meanings.

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As an A2 learner, you are expanding your ability to describe conditions and results of actions. You can now use 'gastado' to talk about more specific items like car tires, batteries, or household furniture. You are beginning to understand that 'gastado' comes from the process of 'gastar' (to use/spend). At this level, you should be able to distinguish between 'usado' (used/second-hand) and 'gastado' (showing wear). You might start to use it in more varied sentence structures, such as 'Tengo un sofá muy gastado' or '¿Por qué están tan gastadas estas llaves?'. You also start to encounter the word in common contexts like shopping or simple repairs. You are learning that things become 'gastadas' because of 'el uso' (use). This level is about moving from simple labels to describing the quality and state of your environment with more nuance, recognizing that 'gastado' implies a need for care or replacement.

At the B1 level, you start to use 'gastado' in more abstract and metaphorical ways. You can describe a 'chiste gastado' (an overused joke) or a 'tema gastado' (a tired topic). You are able to use the word to express opinions and feelings about things that have lost their novelty or impact. Your grammar is becoming more sophisticated, allowing you to use 'gastado' in complex sentences involving relative clauses, such as 'El libro que me prestaste está bastante gastado, pero es muy interesante.' You also begin to recognize 'gastado' as part of the passive voice or as a past participle in perfect tenses, like 'He gastado todo mi dinero' (I have spent all my money), and you can clearly see the difference between that and the adjective 'El dinero está gastado.' This level is characterized by a shift from the purely physical to the conceptual, allowing you to participate in more nuanced conversations about culture, media, and personal experiences.

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By the B2 level, you have a firm grasp of the nuances of 'gastado' and can use it with precision in professional and social contexts. You might use it to critique a political speech, noting that the 'argumentos están gastados' (the arguments are hackneyed). You understand the subtle differences between 'gastado' and its synonyms like 'raído,' 'deteriorado,' or 'trillado,' and you choose the one that fits the specific register of your conversation. You can describe the 'distressed' look in fashion ('un efecto gastado') and understand that in this context, it can be a positive attribute. Your use of 'gastado' is now fluid and natural, integrated into a wide range of topics from mechanics to literature. You are also more aware of regional variations and idioms, and you can use the word to add descriptive color to your storytelling, describing not just that something is old, but exactly how it shows its history through wear.

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At the C1 level, your use of 'gastado' is sophisticated and often literary. You use it to evoke specific atmospheres in your writing or formal speech. You might describe a 'sociedad gastada' (a worn-out society) or 'esperanzas gastadas' (exhausted hopes), using the word to convey deep existential or social meanings. You are comfortable with the word in all its forms and can manipulate it for rhetorical effect. You understand the historical etymology of the word and how it relates to other terms in the Romance languages. You can appreciate and use 'gastado' in poetry or high-level journalism to describe the passage of time and the inevitable decay of both objects and ideas. At this level, 'gastado' is not just a vocabulary word; it is a tool for precise and evocative expression, allowing you to capture the fine details of the human condition and the physical world.

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As a C2 learner, you have mastered 'gastado' to the point of native-like intuition. You can use it in the most subtle and ironic ways, perhaps using it to describe a person's 'paciencia gastada' with a tone that conveys years of history and specific emotional weight. You are fully aware of its placement in the sentence and how moving it before or after a noun changes the emphasis and poetic quality of the phrase. You can engage in deep linguistic discussions about the evolution of the verb 'gastar' and its participle. You recognize 'gastado' in archaic texts or highly specialized technical manuals and understand every shade of meaning it carries. For you, 'gastado' is part of a vast web of related concepts, and you can switch between it and its most obscure synonyms with ease, always selecting the word that provides the perfect phonetic and semantic fit for your discourse.

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연습하기 예시 노트와 팁

gastado 30초 만에

Gastado means 'worn out' or 'used up' physically, like old clothes, tires, or furniture that show signs of long-term use.
It also applies metaphorically to overused ideas, clichés, jokes, or arguments that have lost their original impact or novelty.
As an adjective, it must agree in gender and number with the noun it describes (gastado, gastada, gastados, gastadas).
It is usually used with the verb 'estar' to describe a current state resulting from a process of use over time.

The Spanish adjective gastado is a versatile term that English speakers will find essential for describing the physical and metaphorical state of being 'worn out,' 'used up,' or 'exhausted.' Derived from the verb gastar (to spend or to wear out), it functions as the past participle used in an adjectival sense. In its most literal application, it refers to physical objects that have lost their original quality, texture, or functionality due to prolonged use. Think of the soles of your favorite running shoes after a year of marathons, or the fabric of a vintage t-shirt that has become thin and translucent. This word captures the essence of entropy in everyday objects. However, the utility of gastado extends far beyond the physical realm. It is frequently employed to describe abstract concepts like jokes that have been told too many times, political rhetoric that no longer inspires, or even a person's patience that has been stretched to its limit. When you use gastado, you are communicating that something has reached a state of diminished value or effectiveness through the simple passage of time and repetitive action.

Physical Deterioration: Used for clothes, machinery parts, tires, and household items that show signs of age and friction. If a surface is smooth where it should be rough, or thin where it should be thick, it is gastado.

Las llantas del coche están tan gastadas que es peligroso conducir bajo la lluvia.

Metaphorical Overuse: Applied to ideas, clichés, or social behaviors that have lost their impact. A 'chiste gastado' is a joke that everyone has heard a thousand times and no longer finds funny.

Ese argumento ya está muy gastado; necesitamos nuevas ideas para el proyecto.

Understanding the nuances of gastado also requires recognizing its relationship with gender and number. Since it is an adjective, it must agree with the noun it modifies: zapato gastado (masculine singular), moneda gastada (feminine singular), libros gastados (masculine plural), and telas gastadas (feminine plural). This flexibility allows it to describe everything from the 'gastado' look of a trendy pair of jeans to the 'gastado' state of a national economy's reserves. It is a word that bridges the gap between the material world and the world of ideas, making it a cornerstone of intermediate Spanish vocabulary.

El billete de cinco euros estaba tan gastado que la máquina no lo aceptaba.

No me gustan esas excusas gastadas; quiero la verdad.

Economic Context: While 'gastado' usually means worn, it can also refer to money that has already been spent, though 'gastado' as an adjective for 'penniless' is rare. It usually refers to the budget itself being 'depleted'.

Mira ese sillón, está totalmente gastado por el uso constante de los niños.

Using gastado correctly involves mastering its placement and its relationship with the verbs ser and estar. As a general rule, when you are describing the current state or condition of an object, you will use estar. This is because being 'worn out' is typically viewed as a state that has resulted from a process over time. For example, 'Mis zapatos están gastados' implies that they weren't always this way, but through the action of walking, they have reached this condition. In contrast, using ser with gastado is much less common and usually occurs in passive voice constructions where the focus is on the action of spending or wearing something out, rather than the resulting state. Understanding this distinction is key to sounding like a native speaker.

With Estar (State/Result): The most common usage. Focuses on the condition of the object right now. 'La alfombra está gastada en las esquinas.'

El teclado de mi laptop ya está gastado de tanto escribir mis ensayos.

As an Attributive Adjective: Placed directly after the noun to describe it. 'Un abrigo gastado' (A worn-out coat). This is the standard way to provide descriptive detail in a narrative.

Encontré un libro gastado en la biblioteca que tenía notas en los márgenes.

When using gastado to describe metaphorical concepts, the same rules of agreement apply. A 'recurso gastado' (a worn-out resource/cliché) is masculine, while a 'frase gastada' (a worn-out phrase) is feminine. In literary contexts, writers often use gastado to evoke a sense of nostalgia or decay. It can describe a 'cara gastada por los años' (a face worn by the years), which adds a layer of character and history to a description. In conversation, you might hear someone say 'Eso está muy gastado' when referring to a trend that has passed its prime, like a specific fashion style or a catchphrase from a TV show that is no longer relevant.

Sus manos gastadas por el trabajo en el campo contaban una historia de esfuerzo.

Positioning for Emphasis: While usually placed after the noun, placing 'gastado' before the noun ('el gastado sofá') can sometimes provide a more poetic or subjective tone, emphasizing the speaker's feeling about the object's weariness.

No quiero volver a escuchar ese gastado discurso sobre la austeridad.

El peluche de mi hija está tan gastado que ya no tiene color.

You will encounter gastado in a wide variety of daily scenarios, from the mundane to the professional. In a domestic setting, it is the go-to word for discussing household maintenance. If you are at a hardware store (ferretería) in a Spanish-speaking country, you might tell the clerk that a screw is 'gastado' (stripped) or that a washer is 'gastada' (worn out). It is an essential word for describing things that need replacement. In the world of fashion and retail, 'gastado' is used both as a negative (a garment that is too worn to wear) and a positive (the 'distressed' or 'faded' look of jeans). You might see 'vaqueros con efecto gastado' in a clothing catalog, referring to denim that has been intentionally treated to look old and comfortable. This dual nature—referring to both unwanted decay and intentional style—makes it a very useful word for shoppers and fashionistas alike.

In the Mechanic's Shop: Mechanics use it constantly to describe parts like brake pads (pastillas de freno) or tires (neumáticos). 'Tus frenos están gastados' is a phrase you definitely don't want to hear but need to understand.

El mecánico dijo que el motor está muy gastado y necesita una reparación mayor.

In Literary and Journalistic Contexts: Journalists often use 'gastado' to criticize overused political tropes or tired metaphors. In literature, it describes the physical environment to set a mood of poverty, age, or long-standing history.

La crítica describió la película como una colección de tropos gastados del cine de acción.

Furthermore, you will hear gastado in the context of currency. A 'moneda gastada' is a coin whose face has been rubbed smooth over decades of exchange. Similarly, a 'billete gastado' is a worn-out banknote. In some regions, if someone says 'estoy gastado,' they might mean they have spent all their money for the day, though this is more of a literal use of the past participle ('I have spent') than the adjective ('I am worn out'). In social settings, 'un chiste gastado' is a frequent complaint when someone tries to be funny with a joke that has lost its edge. Being able to recognize these different environments where gastado appears will help you grasp the 'vibe' of the conversation, whether it's about a car repair, a fashion choice, or a critique of a boring speech.

Las escaleras de piedra de la antigua catedral están gastadas por los pasos de millones de peregrinos.

In the Office: You might hear it regarding office supplies. 'El tóner está gastado' (The toner is used up) or 'La cinta de la impresora está gastada'. It indicates a need for replenishment.

Ese color en la pared se ve gastado; deberíamos pintar de nuevo antes de la reunión.

No compres esos neumáticos, se ven muy gastados y no pasarán la inspección.

One of the most frequent errors English speakers make with gastado is confusing it with other words that mean 'broken' or 'tired.' Because 'worn out' in English can sometimes mean 'exhausted' (I am worn out from work), learners often try to say 'Estoy gastado' when they mean 'Estoy cansado' (I am tired) or 'Estoy agotado' (I am exhausted/spent). While 'gastado' can metaphorically describe a person, in 99% of daily conversations, using it for personal fatigue sounds unnatural or implies that your skin is literally wearing off. Stick to cansado for physical tiredness. Another common pitfall is using gastado when something is actually broken or torn. If your shirt has a hole in it because you caught it on a nail, it is roto (broken/torn), not gastado. Gastado implies a slow, gradual process of friction and use, not a sudden accident.

Mistake: Using it for People: Incorrect: 'Después de correr, estoy muy gastado.' Correct: 'Después de correr, estoy muy cansado/agotado.'

No digas que tu amigo está gastado a menos que quieras decir que parece muy viejo por el trabajo duro.

Mistake: Gastado vs. Roto: Gastado = Worn down slowly. Roto = Broken or torn suddenly. If a window is smashed, it is 'rota'. If the wooden frame is thin from 100 years of wind, it is 'gastada'.

Mi pantalón no está gastado, se rompió cuando me caí de la bicicleta.

Furthermore, learners sometimes confuse gastado with sucio (dirty). A floor might be 'gastado' because the varnish has worn off, but it might not be 'sucio'. Using the wrong word here can lead to confusion during cleaning or home improvement discussions. Additionally, in the context of money, 'He gastado' (I have spent) is a verb usage, while 'El dinero está gastado' (The money is spent) is an adjective usage. While both are correct, learners often struggle with the 'ado/ido' endings of past participles and forget that they can function as adjectives. Always check if you are describing a noun or completing a verb tense.

Las llaves están gastadas y ya no abren bien la cerradura.

Confusion with 'Usado': 'Usado' just means 'second-hand' or 'used'. 'Gastado' means it shows signs of wear. A 'coche usado' might be in perfect condition, but a 'coche gastado' is clearly showing its age.

Compré un libro usado, pero no está nada gastado; parece nuevo.

La pintura de la puerta está gastada por el sol intenso del verano.

To truly master Spanish, you need to know when gastado is the best choice and when another word might be more precise. Spanish is a rich language with many synonyms for 'worn,' each carrying a slightly different shade of meaning. For instance, if you are talking about fabric that is starting to fray or has lost its nap, raído is a much more descriptive and sophisticated choice. If you are describing a building or a person's health that is failing, deteriorado (deteriorated) provides a more formal and serious tone. For abstract things like ideas or clichés, trillado (hackneyed/commonplace) or manido (overused) are excellent alternatives that will make you sound more like a native speaker and less like a student using basic vocabulary.

Gastado vs. Raído: 'Gastado' is general wear. 'Raído' specifically refers to fabric where the threads are showing. 'Sus puños estaban raídos' is more specific than 'gastados'.

El cuello de su camisa vieja estaba totalmente raído por el roce constante.

Gastado vs. Agotado: 'Gastado' means worn but perhaps still usable. 'Agotado' means completely finished, empty, or sold out. 'Las existencias están agotadas' (The stock is sold out).

Después de la maratón, mi energía estaba agotada, no solo gastada.

In more technical or formal contexts, you might use erosionado (eroded) for geological or environmental wear, or desgastado, which is often used interchangeably with gastado but can sound slightly more formal or suggest a more intense process of attrition. For example, 'el desgaste de las piezas' refers to the technical wear and tear of mechanical components. If you want to describe a person who looks 'worn down' by life or stress, ajado is a beautiful, literary word that implies a loss of freshness or youth. Expanding your vocabulary with these alternatives will allow you to describe the world with much greater precision and emotional depth.

Ese es un argumento muy trillado en los debates de televisión; ya nadie se lo cree.

Gastado vs. Viejo: Something can be 'viejo' (old) but well-preserved. 'Gastado' implies that the age is showing through physical damage or loss of quality. A 'reloj viejo' could be a pristine antique; a 'reloj gastado' has scratches and a fading dial.

Aunque el coche es viejo, el tapizado no está nada gastado porque siempre tuvo fundas.

Su rostro ajado por el sol reflejaba una vida de trabajo duro al aire libre.

How Formal Is It?

재미있는 사실

The English word 'waste' and the Spanish word 'gastar' share the same ancient root. While English kept the sense of 'ruin/discard', Spanish focused on the 'spending/using' aspect.

발음 가이드

UK /ɡæsˈtɑː.ðoʊ/

US /ɡæsˈtɑ.ðoʊ/

Second syllable (gas-TA-do).

라임이 맞는 단어

cansado pesado llegado pintado casado lado estado dado

자주 하는 실수

Pronouncing the 'd' like an English 'd' (hard and dental). It should be soft and interdental.
Pronouncing the first 'a' like the 'a' in 'game'. It should be like 'ah'.
Stress on the first syllable (GAS-tado).
Stress on the last syllable (gasta-DO).
Dropping the 'd' entirely (gastao), which is common in casual Spain but can be confusing for learners.

난이도

독해 2/5

Easy to recognize in texts, especially when describing objects or in the past tense of 'gastar'.

쓰기 3/5

Requires attention to gender/number agreement and choosing the right verb (ser/estar).

말하기 3/5

Learners often use it for 'tired' (people), which is a common mistake to overcome.

듣기 2/5

Clearly pronounced in most dialects, though '-ado' can become '-ao' in casual speech.

다음에 무엇을 배울까

선수 학습

gastar viejo nuevo usar roto

다음에 배울 것

raído deteriorado trillado desgaste agotado

고급

obsolescencia fricción ajado manido periclitar

알아야 할 문법

Adjective Agreement

El zapato (m) gastado / La bota (f) gastada.

Estar vs Ser with Adjectives

La alfombra está gastada (current state).

Past Participle as Adjective

El dinero gastado (from the verb gastar).

Placement of Adjectives

Un chiste gastado (normal) vs. Un gastado chiste (poetic).

Nominalization of Adjectives

Lo gastado tiene su encanto (The worn quality has its charm).

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수준별 예문

Mis zapatos están muy gastados.

My shoes are very worn out.

Plural masculine agreement: zapatos (m. pl.) -> gastados.

La pelota está un poco gastada.

The ball is a bit worn out.

Singular feminine agreement: pelota (f. s.) -> gastada.

Tengo un lápiz gastado.

I have a worn-down pencil.

Attributive adjective following the noun 'lápiz'.

Tus juguetes están gastados.

Your toys are worn out.

Plural masculine agreement with 'juguetes'.

Esta mesa está gastada.

This table is worn out.

Use of 'estar' to describe the current state.

El libro está gastado por el uso.

The book is worn out from use.

'Por el uso' explains the reason for the state.

Mis calcetines están gastados.

My socks are worn out.

Plural masculine agreement with 'calcetines'.

La alfombra de la sala está gastada.

The living room rug is worn out.

Singular feminine agreement with 'alfombra'.

Los neumáticos del coche están gastados.

The car tires are worn out.

Common technical use for tires.

La batería de mi móvil está gastada.

My mobile battery is used up/low.

Metaphorical use for energy/power.

Ese cepillo de dientes ya está gastado.

That toothbrush is already worn out.

Refers to the loss of functionality.

Las llaves de la casa están gastadas.

The house keys are worn down.

Refers to physical friction over time.

El teclado tiene las letras gastadas.

The keyboard has worn-off letters.

Agreement with 'letras' (f. pl.).

Compré unos pantalones con efecto gastado.

I bought some pants with a distressed effect.

Refers to a fashion style.

El jabón está muy gastado.

The soap is very used up.

Refers to a diminishing physical quantity.

La suela de mi bota está gastada.

The sole of my boot is worn out.

Singular feminine agreement with 'suela'.

Ese es un chiste muy gastado, todo el mundo lo sabe.

That's a very overused joke; everyone knows it.

Metaphorical use for social concepts.

La pintura de la fachada se ve gastada por el sol.

The paint on the facade looks faded by the sun.

Use of 'se ve' (looks) instead of 'está'.

No uses ese argumento, ya está muy gastado.

Don't use that argument; it's already very overused.

Applied to intellectual debate.

El billete estaba tan gastado que no parecía real.

The bill was so worn out it didn't look real.

Refers to the physical state of currency.

Sus manos estaban gastadas por años de trabajo duro.

His hands were worn by years of hard work.

Metaphorical/Physical blend for human features.

La tela de las cortinas está gastada y se rompe fácil.

The curtain fabric is worn and breaks easily.

Describes structural weakness due to wear.

Es un tema gastado en las películas de terror.

It's a tired theme in horror movies.

Refers to artistic tropes.

Las monedas antiguas están gastadas y no se lee la fecha.

The old coins are worn and the date can't be read.

Plural feminine agreement with 'monedas'.

La retórica del político me parece un discurso gastado.

The politician's rhetoric seems like a worn-out speech to me.

Critique of repetitive language.

El rodamiento está gastado y produce un ruido extraño.

The bearing is worn and produces a strange noise.

Technical mechanical context.

Lleva un estilo gastado que ahora es tendencia en la ciudad.

He wears a distressed style that is now a trend in the city.

Refers to intentional aesthetics.

La paciencia de los vecinos está gastada tras tantos ruidos.

The neighbors' patience is worn thin after so much noise.

Metaphorical use for emotional states.

Esos frenos están gastados y necesitan un cambio urgente.

Those brakes are worn out and need an urgent change.

Safety-related mechanical context.

El mármol de la escalera está gastado por el paso del tiempo.

The marble of the stairs is worn down by the passage of time.

Describes long-term physical erosion.

Sus zapatos gastados delataban su larga caminata por el monte.

His worn shoes gave away his long walk through the mountain.

Narrative use to provide character detail.

No me vengas con esa gastada excusa de que el perro se comió la tarea.

Don't come to me with that worn-out excuse that the dog ate the homework.

Used as an attributive adjective before the noun for emphasis.

La novela recurre a metáforas gastadas que restan frescura al relato.

The novel resorts to worn-out metaphors that take away freshness from the story.

Literary criticism.

El mobiliario, aunque gastado, conservaba una elegancia aristocrática.

The furniture, although worn, retained an aristocratic elegance.

Concessive clause ('aunque') with 'gastado'.

Su rostro, gastado por las inclemencias del clima, era un mapa de su vida.

His face, worn by the harshness of the weather, was a map of his life.

Poetic description of aging.

El sistema democrático parece estar gastado y necesita una reforma profunda.

The democratic system seems to be worn out and needs deep reform.

Political/Systemic metaphorical use.

Las suelas gastadas de los peregrinos son testigos de su fe.

The worn soles of the pilgrims are witnesses to their faith.

Symbolic use in a spiritual context.

La alfombra persa mostraba un dibujo gastado pero aún reconocible.

The Persian rug showed a worn but still recognizable pattern.

Describes partial preservation vs. wear.

Siento que mi entusiasmo está gastado por la rutina diaria.

I feel that my enthusiasm is worn out by the daily routine.

Internal psychological state.

La madera del umbral estaba gastada por el roce de tantas generaciones.

The wood of the threshold was worn by the friction of so many generations.

Focus on historical continuity through wear.

La pátina de lo gastado otorga a la estancia un aura de melancolía.

The patina of the worn gives the room an aura of melancholy.

Use of 'lo gastado' as a nominalized adjective (the worn quality).

Sus palabras, de puro gastadas, ya no alcanzaban a herir a nadie.

His words, from being so overused, no longer managed to hurt anyone.

'De puro + adjective' construction meaning 'because they were so...'.

Habitaba un mundo de terciopelos gastados y sueños rotos.

He inhabited a world of worn velvets and broken dreams.

Evocative literary imagery.

El concepto de 'progreso' ha quedado gastado tras las crisis del siglo.

The concept of 'progress' has become worn out after the crises of the century.

Philosophical critique of terminology.

La piedra gastada por el mar adquiere formas caprichosas y suaves.

The stone worn by the sea acquires whimsical and soft shapes.

Natural erosion context.

No es más que un actor secundario con un repertorio de gestos gastados.

He is nothing more than a supporting actor with a repertoire of hackneyed gestures.

Critique of performance and lack of originality.

La maquinaria social se halla gastada por la falta de inversión en valores.

The social machinery is worn out by the lack of investment in values.

Complex sociopolitical metaphor.

Buscaba la belleza en lo viejo, en lo gastado, en lo que el tiempo ha tocado.

He sought beauty in the old, in the worn, in that which time has touched.

Aesthetic philosophy of 'wabi-sabi' in a Spanish context.

자주 쓰는 조합

zapatos gastados

neumáticos gastados

chiste gastado

pila gastada

suela gastada

ropa gastada

moneda gastada

paciencia gastada

argumento gastado

muebles gastados

자주 쓰는 구문

estar más gastado que...

— A common way to start a humorous comparison about how worn something is.

Este sofá está más gastado que el de los Simpson.

efecto gastado

— Refers to the intentional 'distressed' look in fashion, especially denim.

Me gustan estos vaqueros con efecto gastado.

un disco gastado

— Metaphor for someone who repeats the same thing over and over.

Pareces un disco gastado siempre diciendo lo mismo.

con el paso gastado

— Literary phrase describing someone walking in a tired or weary manner.

El viejo caminaba con el paso gastado por la calle.

mirada gastada

— Describes eyes that look tired or have seen too much struggle.

Tenía una mirada gastada por la tristeza.

dinero gastado

— Money that has already been used/spent.

No pienses en el dinero gastado, piensa en lo que disfrutaste.

tiempo gastado

— Time that has been used up, often implies wasted time.

Es tiempo gastado que no volverá.

camino gastado

— A well-trodden path or a metaphorical 'standard' way of doing things.

Prefiero seguir el camino gastado para no perderme.

voz gastada

— A voice that sounds raspy or weak due to age or overuse.

El cantante tenía la voz gastada al final de la gira.

frase gastada

— A cliché or overused expression.

'No eres tú, soy yo' es una frase muy gastada.

자주 혼동되는 단어

gastado vs cansado

English speakers say 'I am worn out' for people, but Spanish uses 'cansado' for people and 'gastado' for things.

gastado vs roto

'Roto' means broken or torn. 'Gastado' means worn down slowly over time.

gastado vs sucio

Something can be 'gastado' (worn) without being 'sucio' (dirty).

관용어 및 표현

"Estar más gastado que el tintero de un notario"

— To be extremely worn out or used up (referring to how much a notary writes).

Después de la mudanza, estoy más gastado que el tintero de un notario.

informal/humorous

"Tener el disco gastado"

— To be like a broken record; to repeat oneself constantly.

Mi abuelo tiene el disco gastado con sus historias de la guerra.

informal

"Gastar saliva"

— To waste one's breath talking to someone who won't listen (related to the verb gastar).

No gastes saliva intentando convencerlo, es muy terco.

informal

"Gastar bromas"

— To play jokes on people.

A Juan le encanta gastar bromas a sus compañeros.

neutral

"Gastar los codos"

— To study very hard (literally: to wear out one's elbows on the desk).

Si quieres aprobar, vas a tener que gastar los codos este fin de semana.

informal

"Gastar una mala pasada"

— To play a dirty trick on someone or for luck to go against someone.

Los nervios me gastaron una mala pasada en el examen.

neutral

"Estar gastado de la vida"

— To be weary of life or disillusioned.

A sus ochenta años, se sentía un poco gastado de la vida.

literary

"Gastar los ahorros"

— To use up all of one's savings.

Gastaron todos sus ahorros en el viaje a Japón.

neutral

"Gastar pista"

— To dance a lot (literally: to wear out the dance floor).

¡Vamos a gastar pista esta noche!

slang (Latin America)

"No gastar ni un taco"

— To be very stingy or to not use even a common expression (regional/informal).

Es tan tacaño que no gasta ni un taco.

informal

혼동하기 쉬운

gastado vs agotado

Both can mean 'used up'.

'Gastado' means worn or partly used. 'Agotado' means completely finished, empty, or sold out.

La pila está gastada (low) vs La pila está agotada (dead).

gastado vs usado

Both imply previous use.

'Usado' simply means second-hand. 'Gastado' means it shows physical signs of wear.

Vendo un coche usado, pero no está gastado.

gastado vs viejo

Old things are often worn.

'Viejo' refers to age. 'Gastado' refers to condition.

Es un mueble viejo pero está como nuevo, no está gastado.

gastado vs estropeado

Both mean 'in bad condition'.

'Estropeado' usually implies it is broken or damaged by an event. 'Gastado' is gradual wear.

El reloj está estropeado (doesn't work) vs El reloj está gastado (scratched).

gastado vs trillado

Both mean 'overused'.

'Trillado' is specific to ideas, stories, and metaphors. 'Gastado' is more general.

Es un argumento trillado.

문장 패턴

Sujeto + estar + gastado/a.

El libro está gastado.

Sujeto + tener + sustantivo + gastado/a.

Mi coche tiene los neumáticos gastados.

Es un/una + sustantivo + muy gastado/a.

Es un chiste muy gastado.

Sustantivo + gastado/a + por + causa.

Piedras gastadas por el agua.

Lo + gastado + de + sustantivo.

Lo gastado de sus guantes.

De puro + gastado/a, + consecuencia.

De puro gastada, la tela se deshizo.

Sujeto + parecer + gastado/a.

Ese sofá parece gastado.

No me gusta + sustantivo + gastado/a.

No me gusta la ropa gastada.

어휘 가족

명사

gasto (expense/spending)

desgaste (wear and tear)

gastador (big spender)

동사

gastar (to spend/to wear out)

desgastar (to wear away/to erode)

malgastar (to waste/to squander)

형용사

gastado (worn out/spent)

gastoso (expensive - rare/archaic)

gastable (spendable)

사용법

frequency

Very high in both spoken and written Spanish.

자주 하는 실수

Estoy gastado (meaning tired) → Estoy cansado / agotado
Gastado is for objects. Cansado is for people.
La mesa está gastado → La mesa está gastada
The adjective must agree with the feminine noun 'mesa'.
Mi camisa está gastada (with a big hole) → Mi camisa está rota
Gastada is for slow wear. Rota is for a tear or break.
Un chiste usado → Un chiste gastado
We use 'gastado' or 'trillado' for overused jokes, not 'usado'.
Las pilas están agotadas (when they still have some power) → Las pilas están gastadas
Agotadas means totally dead. Gastadas means they are becoming weak.

팁

Agreement is Key

Always check the gender of the object. A common mistake is saying 'la rueda está gastado'. It must be 'gastada' because 'rueda' is feminine.

Use for Ideas

Don't just use 'gastado' for shoes. Use it for 'excusas gastadas' or 'temas gastados' to sound more advanced.

The Soft D

Practice the soft Spanish 'd'. It's more like a 'th' sound. This will make your pronunciation of '-ado' words sound much more native.

Mechanical Wear

If you have car trouble, 'gastado' is the word for tires or brakes. Knowing this can help you explain problems to a mechanic.

Aesthetic Wear

Remember 'efecto gastado' for fashion. It's a specific term used in stores like Zara to describe the distressed look.

Gastado vs Agotado

Think of a candle. When it's 'gastada', it's shorter but still burning. When it's 'agotada', it's gone out completely.

The Notary's Inkwell

Learn the phrase 'más gastado que el tintero de un notario'. It's a fun, native way to emphasize extreme wear.

Literary Flair

Use 'gastado' to describe the setting in a story to suggest poverty or a long history, like 'una alfombra gastada' in an old house.

Listen for 'Gastao'

In Spain, people often drop the 'd'. If you hear 'gastao', they are saying 'gastado'. Don't let it confuse you!

Not for Fatigue

Avoid saying 'Estoy gastado' after work. Say 'Estoy muerto' (colloquial) or 'Estoy cansado' (standard).

암기하기

기억법

Think of a 'Gas Star'. A star that uses up all its gas becomes 'gastado' (burned out/worn out).

시각적 연상

Imagine a pair of old sneakers with a hole in the sole. Visualize the word GASTADO written on the worn-out rubber.

Word Web

gastar zapatos chiste neumáticos dinero viejo usado roto

챌린지

Try to find three things in your room right now that are 'gastados' and name them in Spanish using 'estar'. Example: 'Mi teclado está gastado'.

어원

From the Latin 'vastare' (to lay waste, to devastate), which evolved into the Vulgar Latin 'guastare' under Germanic influence (Old High German 'wostan').

원래 의미: To destroy, empty, or devastate. Over time, it shifted from total destruction to the gradual process of using something up or wearing it down.

Romance (Spanish), derived from Latin with Germanic influence.

문화적 맥락

Be careful when describing a person's appearance as 'gastado', as it can imply they look haggard or significantly aged by hardship. It's better to use 'cansado' if you mean they just need a nap.

English speakers often use 'worn out' for people (I'm worn out). Remember that Spanish speakers prefer 'cansado' for people and reserve 'gastado' mostly for objects and concepts.

The concept of 'lo gastado' appears in the poetry of Pablo Neruda, who often found beauty in common, worn-out objects. The 'distressed' fashion trend (efecto gastado) is huge in brands like Zara (Spain) and Pull&Bear. Many Tango lyrics describe hearts and lives as 'gastados' by the city and lost loves.

실생활에서 연습하기

실제 사용 상황

At the mechanic

¿Están gastados los frenos?
Neumáticos gastados
Pieza gastada
Desgaste del motor

Buying clothes

Vaqueros con efecto gastado
La tela está gastada
¿Está muy gastado este abrigo?
Color gastado

At home

Suela de zapato gastada
Alfombra gastada
Muebles gastados
Pila gastada

Socializing

Chiste gastado
Tema gastado
Frase gastada
Excusa gastada

Finance

Dinero gastado
Presupuesto gastado
Billetes gastados
Haber gastado mucho

대화 시작하기

"¿Crees que este sofá está demasiado gastado para quedárnoslo?"

"¿Alguna vez has comprado ropa con efecto gastado a propósito?"

"¿Cuál es el chiste más gastado que conoces en tu idioma?"

"Mis zapatos favoritos están muy gastados, ¿conoces a un buen zapatero?"

"¿Piensas que el tema de los vampiros en el cine ya está muy gastado?"

일기 주제

Describe un objeto de tu infancia que estuviera muy gastado y por qué era especial para ti.

Escribe sobre una idea o un cliché que creas que está totalmente gastado en la sociedad actual.

¿Prefieres las cosas nuevas y brillantes o las que tienen un aspecto gastado y con historia? ¿Por qué?

Describe la sensación de caminar con zapatos gastados por un lugar que conoces bien.

Reflexiona sobre cómo el tiempo hace que las cosas se vuelvan gastadas y si eso les añade o les quita valor.

자주 묻는 질문

10 질문

Generally, no. If you say 'Estoy gastado', people might think you mean you've spent all your money or you're using a very poetic, old-fashioned way of saying you're exhausted. Use 'Estoy cansado' or 'Estoy agotado' instead.

They are very similar. 'Gastado' is more common for everyday objects like shoes or jokes. 'Desgastado' is slightly more formal and often used for mechanical wear (fricción) or environmental erosion.

You can say 'vaqueros con efecto gastado' or simply 'vaqueros gastados'. Some people also use 'vaqueros rotos' if they have holes.

Usually, yes, it implies something is old and needs replacing. However, in fashion (distressed look) or antiques (patina), it can be seen as a positive or aesthetic quality.

Yes, as the past participle of 'gastar'. 'He gastado diez euros' (I have spent ten euros). As an adjective, you might say 'el dinero gastado' (the money spent).

It means a joke that has been told so many times that it is no longer funny or original. It's like calling a joke 'stale' or 'old' in English.

Yes, always. It is an adjective. Un zapato gastado, una bota gastada, unos zapatos gastados, unas botas gastadas.

It is a soft 'd'. Place your tongue between your teeth, like the 'th' in 'then'. Don't make it a hard 'd' like in 'dog'.

Yes, 'una voz gastada' refers to a voice that sounds raspy or weak because the person has spoken too much or is very old.

'Gastado' is general wear. 'Raído' is specifically for fabric where you can see the individual threads because the surface has worn away.

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