A1 Case System 1 min read 쉬움

Genitive Suffixes for Nouns ending in Vowels

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

To show possession for nouns ending in a vowel, add -н or -ы/-и depending on the stem.

  • If a noun ends in a vowel, add -н: 'багш' (teacher) -> 'багшийн' (teacher's).
  • If the noun ends in a consonant, use -ын/-ийн.
  • The genitive case links two nouns, showing who owns what.
Noun (vowel) + н = Possessive Noun

Genitive Suffix Rules

Noun Ending Suffix Example
Vowel
багш -> багшийн
Consonant
-ын/-ийн
гэр -> гэрийн
Vowel (long)
ээж -> ээжийн
Consonant (soft)
-ийн
ном -> номын

Meanings

The genitive case indicates possession, origin, or relationship between two nouns.

1

Possession

Indicates that the first noun owns the second.

“Ээжийн цүнх (Mom's bag)”

“Аавын машин (Dad's car)”

Reference Table

Reference table for Genitive Suffixes for Nouns ending in Vowels
Form Structure Example
Affirmative
Noun + Suffix
багшийн
Possessive Pronoun
Pronoun + Suffix
миний
Plural Possessive
Noun + Plural + Suffix
хүүхдүүдийн
Question
Noun + Suffix + уу/үү?
багшийнх уу?
Negative
Not applicable
N/A

격식 수준 스펙트럼

격식체
Энэ бол багшийн ном юм.

Энэ бол багшийн ном юм. (Classroom)

중립
Энэ бол багшийн ном.

Энэ бол багшийн ном. (Classroom)

비격식체
Энэ багшийн ном.

Энэ багшийн ном. (Classroom)

속어
Багшийн ном байна.

Багшийн ном байна. (Classroom)

Genitive Case Connections

Owner

Possession

  • Миний My
  • Багшийн Teacher's

수준별 예문

1

Миний ном.

My book.

2

Багшийн ширээ.

Teacher's desk.

3

Ээжийн цүнх.

Mom's bag.

4

Аавын машин.

Dad's car.

1

Энэ бол миний найзын утас.

This is my friend's phone.

2

Сургуулийн хаалга том.

The school's door is big.

3

Дэлгүүрийн бараа хямд.

The shop's goods are cheap.

4

Номын сангийн ном.

The library's book.

1

Бидний багшийн зөвлөгөө чухал.

Our teacher's advice is important.

2

Хотын төвийн байшингууд.

The city center's buildings.

3

Найзынхаа гэрт очлоо.

I went to my friend's house.

4

Энэ бол миний аавын ажил.

This is my dad's work.

1

Засгийн газрын шийдвэр гарлаа.

The government's decision was made.

2

Компанийн захирлын уулзалт.

The company director's meeting.

3

Улсын их сургуулийн оюутан.

A student of the National University.

4

Өвлийн улирлын хүйтэн.

The cold of the winter season.

1

Энэ бол түүхийн номын хуудас.

This is a page of the history book.

2

Хүний эрхийн төлөө тэмцэл.

The struggle for human rights.

3

Байгалийн үзэсгэлэнгийн газар.

A place of natural beauty.

4

Шинжлэх ухааны нээлтийн ач холбогдол.

The importance of the scientific discovery.

1

Монголын ард түмний соёлын өв.

The cultural heritage of the Mongolian people.

2

Эдийн засгийн хөгжлийн бодлого.

The policy of economic development.

3

Оюун ухааны хөгжлийн үе шат.

The stage of intellectual development.

4

Уран зохиолын хэлний онцлог.

The characteristics of literary language.

혼동하기 쉬운

Genitive Suffixes for Nouns ending in Vowels Accusative Case

Both use suffixes that look similar.

Genitive Suffixes for Nouns ending in Vowels Dative Case

Both involve noun suffixes.

Genitive Suffixes for Nouns ending in Vowels Plural Suffix

Both add letters to the end.

자주 하는 실수

багш ном

багшийн ном

Missing the genitive suffix.

минийн ном

миний ном

Double suffixing.

багш-ын ном

багшийн ном

Wrong suffix choice.

ном багшийн

багшийн ном

Wrong word order.

найз-ын ном

найзын ном

Incorrect vowel harmony.

ээж-ын ном

ээжийн ном

Incorrect suffix.

сургууль-ын ном

сургуулийн ном

Incorrect suffix.

хот-ын төвийн

хотын төвийн

Redundant suffixing.

засгийн-ын

засгийн

Double suffixing.

компани-ын

компанийн

Incorrect vowel handling.

ард түмэн-ийн

ард түмний

Incorrect stem modification.

эдийн засаг-ын

эдийн засгийн

Incorrect suffix.

шинжлэх ухаан-ын

шинжлэх ухааны

Incorrect suffix.

문장 패턴

___-ийн ном.

___-ын машин.

___-ийн ажил чухал.

___-ийн ном хямд.

Real World Usage

Texting constant

Найзын гэрт байна.

Social Media very common

Миний ээжийн зураг.

Job Interview common

Компанийн зорилго.

Travel common

Хотын төв.

Food Delivery common

Дэлгүүрийн цэс.

Classroom very common

Багшийн ном.

💡

Listen for the 'n' sound

When you hear a word ending in 'n' in a possessive context, it's likely the genitive case.
⚠️

Watch the stem

Always check the last letter of the noun before adding the suffix.
🎯

Practice with names

Try adding the suffix to your friends' names.
💬

Use it naturally

Don't overthink it; it becomes muscle memory.

Smart Tips

Check if one owns the other.

Багш ном Багшийн ном

Look at the last vowel.

Багш-ын Багшийн

Ensure all possessives are marked.

Компани зорилго Компанийн зорилго

Focus on the rhythm.

Ээж-ийн Ээжийн

발음

ba-gshii-n

Vowel Harmony

The suffix changes to match the vowel in the stem.

Rising

Багшийнх уу? ↑

Questioning possession

암기하기

기억법

Nouns ending in vowels are 'N'ice, so add an 'N'!

시각적 연상

Imagine a teacher (багш) holding a giant letter 'N' that connects to a book.

Rhyme

If the word ends in a vowel sound, add an N and you're bound.

Story

A teacher (багш) walks into a room. She holds a book. The book belongs to the teacher (багшийн ном). She smiles because she knows the rule.

Word Web

багшээжаавномгэрнайз

챌린지

Write 5 sentences using the genitive case to describe things in your room.

문화 노트

Possession is often communal in nomadic culture, but the genitive is still used for personal items.

The genitive case in Mongolian stems from ancient Turkic and Mongolic roots.

대화 시작하기

Энэ хэний ном бэ?

Чиний найзын нэр хэн бэ?

Сургуулийн чинь нэр юу вэ?

Энэ компанийн захирал хэн бэ?

일기 주제

Describe your family members' jobs.
Write about your favorite book.
Describe your city's best places.
Write about your company's goals.

자주 하는 실수

Incorrect

정답


Incorrect

정답


Incorrect

정답


Incorrect

정답

Test Yourself

Fill in the correct suffix.

Багш___ ном.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Vowel-final stem requires -ийн.
Choose the correct sentence. 객관식

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Миний is already possessive.
Fix the error. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Аав-ын машин.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Correct suffix is -ын.
Reorder the words. Sentence Reorder

Arrange the words in the correct order:

All words placed

Click words above to build the sentence

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Correct order is subject-possessor-object.
Translate to Mongolian. 번역

My friend's house.

Answer starts with: a...

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Correct genitive form.
Match the noun to its genitive form. Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Correct suffixes.
Conjugate the noun. Conjugation Drill

Conjugate 'Сургууль'.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Correct suffix.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Энэ хэний утас вэ? B: ___

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Correct possessive.

Score: /8

연습 문제

8 exercises
Fill in the correct suffix.

Багш___ ном.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Vowel-final stem requires -ийн.
Choose the correct sentence. 객관식

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Миний is already possessive.
Fix the error. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Аав-ын машин.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Correct suffix is -ын.
Reorder the words. Sentence Reorder

ном / багшийн / энэ

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Correct order is subject-possessor-object.
Translate to Mongolian. 번역

My friend's house.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Correct genitive form.
Match the noun to its genitive form. Match Pairs

Match: Багш, Ээж, Аав

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Correct suffixes.
Conjugate the noun. Conjugation Drill

Conjugate 'Сургууль'.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Correct suffix.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Энэ хэний утас вэ? B: ___

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Correct possessive.

Score: /8

자주 묻는 질문 (8)

It's the standard genitive suffix for vowel-final nouns.

No, it depends on the stem's final letter.

Yes, after the plural suffix.

Use -ын or -ийн.

Yes, it is essential.

Follow the vowel harmony rules.

No, it's very logical.

Use the exercises in this guide.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Spanish low

de

Mongolian is agglutinative; Spanish is analytic.

French low

de

Suffix vs preposition.

German moderate

Genitiv

German uses articles; Mongolian does not.

Japanese high

no

Particle vs suffix.

Arabic low

Idafa

Word order vs suffix.

Chinese low

de

Particle vs suffix.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

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