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A2 verb #1,600 가장 일반적인 8분 분량

کم کردن

kam kardan 상위 1,600

연습하기 예시 노트와 팁 کم کردن 30초 만에

설명 کم کردن in your Level:

At the A1 level, 'kam kardan' is one of the first compound verbs you learn. It is used for very simple, concrete actions. You will mostly use it in the imperative form (giving commands) or simple present/past. Common contexts include asking someone to turn down the music (sedā rā kam kon), reducing the heat while cooking (shole rā kam kon), or basic subtraction in math (2 rā az 5 kam kon). The focus is on the physical act of making something 'less'. You should understand that 'kam' means 'little' and 'kardan' means 'to do'. At this stage, don't worry about formal synonyms; 'kam kardan' will cover almost all your needs for expressing reduction.

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At the A2 level, you start using 'kam kardan' in a wider variety of everyday situations. You can talk about your habits, such as 'reducing sugar' (ghand kam kardan) or 'reducing work hours'. You also begin to use it in the future tense and with modal verbs like 'must' (bāyad) or 'want' (mikhāham). You should be able to distinguish between 'kam kardan' (active) and 'kam shodan' (passive). For example, you can say 'I reduced the volume' vs 'The volume decreased'. You also use it for weight loss (vazn kam kardan), which is a very common topic of conversation. Your sentences become longer, often including the object marker 'rā' and prepositions like 'az'.

At the B1 level, you move beyond physical objects and start using 'kam kardan' for more abstract concepts. You might talk about 'reducing stress' (esteres rā kam kardan), 'reducing mistakes' (eshtebāhāt rā kam kardan), or 'reducing expectations'. You are comfortable using it in all tenses, including the subjunctive and perfect tenses. You also start to recognize the difference between 'kam kardan' and more formal terms like 'kāhesh dādan', though you still primarily use 'kam kardan' in speech. You can explain *why* something needs to be reduced and the consequences of doing so. You might also encounter it in more complex grammatical structures, such as relative clauses.

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At the B2 level, you use 'kam kardan' with nuance and precision. You understand its role in various registers and can switch to 'kāhesh dādan' or 'kāstan' when appropriate for formal writing or presentations. You use 'kam kardan' in idiomatic expressions and can handle it in complex sentences involving multiple clauses. You might use it to discuss social issues, like 'reducing poverty' or 'reducing pollution', while being aware that these topics often lean towards more formal vocabulary. Your mastery of the verb allows you to use it metaphorically, such as 'reducing the distance' between two people's opinions. You also understand the subtle difference between 'kam kardan' and 'pāyin āvardan' in medical or technical contexts.

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At the C1 level, 'kam kardan' is a tool you use with total fluency, but you often choose more sophisticated synonyms to vary your language. You understand the historical and etymological roots of the verb and its components. You can analyze its use in literature and identify when an author chooses 'kam kardan' over 'kāstan' for a specific stylistic effect (e.g., to sound more grounded or direct). You are capable of using the verb in high-level debates about economics, philosophy, or science, though you will likely supplement it with a wide range of technical vocabulary. You also understand the nuances of how 'kam kardan' interacts with different prefixes or in rare compound structures.

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At the C2 level, your command of 'kam kardan' is indistinguishable from a highly educated native speaker. You use it effortlessly in any context, from the most casual slang to the most rigorous academic discourse. You are aware of regional variations in its use across the Persian-speaking world (Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan). You can play with the verb in creative writing, using it in puns or complex metaphors. You have a deep understanding of the verb's place within the broader system of Persian compound verbs and can explain its grammatical properties to others. For you, 'kam kardan' is not just a word, but a versatile building block of the Persian language that you manipulate with artistic precision.

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연습하기 예시 노트와 팁

کم کردن 30초 만에

A versatile Persian compound verb meaning to reduce, decrease, or subtract, used in daily life for sound, heat, and math.
Composed of 'kam' (little) and 'kardan' (to do), it is transitive and requires an agent to perform the action.
Commonly used for weight loss, lowering prices, and adjusting electronic settings like volume or brightness.
Essential for A2 learners to distinguish from its passive counterpart 'kam shodan' and formal synonym 'kāhesh dādan'.

The Persian verb کم کردن (kam kardan) is a fundamental compound verb that every learner must master early in their journey. At its core, it signifies the act of reducing, decreasing, or diminishing the quantity, intensity, or volume of something. It is composed of the adjective کم (kam) meaning 'little' or 'less' and the auxiliary verb کردن (kardan) meaning 'to do' or 'to make'. Together, they literally translate to 'to make less'. This verb is incredibly versatile, used in everything from adjusting the volume on a television to subtracting numbers in a mathematics class.

Core Concept: The intentional act of lowering a value or amount.

لطفاً صدای تلویزیون را کم کنید.

Please turn down (reduce) the TV volume.

In a physical sense, it refers to taking away a portion of a whole. For instance, if you are cooking and the soup is too salty, you might 'reduce' the salt by adding water, though in Persian, you would more likely use this verb to describe 'reducing' the heat of the stove. In the realm of mathematics, کم کردن is the standard term for subtraction. When you take five away from ten, you are performing the action of kam kardan. This dual utility—both physical and abstract—makes it a cornerstone of daily communication.

Mathematical Use: To subtract one number from another (e.g., 10 minus 2).

باید هزینه‌های اضافی را کم کنیم.

We must reduce extra expenses.

Furthermore, the verb extends into the psychological and social spheres. You can 'reduce' your stress, 'reduce' your speed while driving, or 'reduce' the amount of time you spend on social media. It implies a conscious effort to bring a level down to a more manageable or desired state. Unlike the passive 'kam shodan' (to become less), 'kam kardan' requires an agent—someone or something is actively doing the reducing.

او سرعت ماشین را کم کرد.

He reduced the car's speed.

Social Context: Reducing distance or formality in relationships (less common but possible).

دما را چند درجه کم کن.

Lower the temperature by a few degrees.

دکتر گفت باید مصرف قند را کم کنم.

The doctor said I must reduce my sugar intake.

Using کم کردن correctly involves understanding its structure as a compound verb. In Persian, compound verbs consist of a non-verbal element (in this case, the adjective 'kam') and a light verb ('kardan'). When conjugating, only the 'kardan' part changes to reflect the tense, person, and number. The word 'kam' remains static. For example, 'I reduced' is kam kardam, and 'they will reduce' is kam khāhand kard.

Grammar Rule: The object being reduced usually takes the object marker 'rā' (را) if it is definite.

نور اتاق را کم کن.

Dim (reduce) the room light.

One of the most common applications is in the kitchen. When a recipe calls for 'simmering', you are often told to 'reduce the heat'. In Persian, this is shole rā kam kardan (literally: to reduce the flame). Similarly, in a financial context, reducing prices or costs is a frequent use case. Business owners might 'reduce prices' (gheymat-hā rā kam kardan) to attract more customers during a sale.

Common Collocations: Sound (sedā), Speed (sor'at), Weight (vazn), Heat (damā/shole).

او ده کیلو وزن کم کرده است.

He has lost (reduced) ten kilograms of weight.

In the imperative form, which is very common, you will say کم کن (kam kon) for 'reduce!' (informal) or کم کنید (kam konid) (formal). This is used constantly in daily life—asking someone to lower the music, turn down the heater, or talk less. It's important to note that 'kam kardan' is transitive, meaning it needs an object. If you want to say 'the rain decreased' (intransitive), you would use 'kam shodan'.

می‌خواهم زمان کارم را کم کنم.

I want to reduce my working hours.

Negative Form: Add 'na-' to the 'kardan' part: 'kam nakon' (don't reduce).

نمک غذا را کم نکن، خوشمزه است.

Don't reduce the salt in the food; it's delicious.

باید فاصله‌مان را با ماشین جلویی کم کنیم.

We should reduce our distance from the car in front (though usually we increase it for safety, this is a grammatical example).

You will encounter کم کردن in almost every corner of Iranian life. In the bustling bazaars of Tehran or Isfahan, you might hear a customer asking a shopkeeper to gheymat rā kam kon (lower the price)—a standard part of the bargaining culture. While 'takhfif' (discount) is the specific word for a discount, 'kam kardan' is the action of actually lowering that price during the negotiation.

In the Kitchen: Cooking shows and mothers alike will say 'shole rā kam kon' to prevent burning the rice.

وقتی آب جوش آمد، شعله را کم کن.

When the water boils, turn down the flame.

In the digital world, your phone or computer settings will use this verb. If you are adjusting the brightness of your screen or the volume of your headphones, the interface (if set to Persian) will likely use 'kam kardan' or its icons. Radio and TV presenters often use it when they ask listeners to 'lower the volume of their receivers' before calling in to avoid feedback loops.

Health & Fitness: Gyms and dietitians focus heavily on 'vazn kam kardan' (losing weight).

چطور می‌توانم در یک ماه وزنم را کم کنم؟

How can I reduce my weight in one month?

In educational settings, especially primary school, this is the first verb children learn for math. Teachers will say, 'If we take 3 away from 7, what is left?' using the verb kam kardan. It is also found in news reports regarding economics, such as 'reducing inflation' or 'reducing the budget deficit', though more formal synonyms like 'kāhesh dādan' are also common in these high-register contexts.

دولت قول داده است مالیات را کم کند.

The government has promised to reduce taxes.

Daily Chores: Reducing waste, reducing water consumption, or reducing electricity use.

باید مصرف پلاستیک را کم کنیم.

We must reduce plastic consumption.

صدای رادیو را کمی کم کن، می‌خواهم بخوابم.

Turn down the radio a bit; I want to sleep.

One of the most frequent errors for English speakers is confusing کم کردن (kam kardan) with کم شدن (kam shodan). Remember: 'kam kardan' is active (transitive). You do it to something. 'Kam shodan' is passive (intransitive). Something happens on its own. If you say 'the price reduced' using 'kam kard', it sounds like the price itself performed an action on something else, which is nonsensical.

Transitive vs. Intransitive: Use 'kardan' when there is a 'who' doing the reducing. Use 'shodan' when describing a state change.

غلط: قیمت کم کرد. درست: قیمت کم شد.

Wrong: The price reduced (active). Right: The price decreased (passive).

Another mistake involves the preposition used for subtraction. In English, we say 'subtract 5 from 10'. In Persian, the order is often similar, but learners sometimes forget the 'az' (from). Without 'az', the sentence can become confusing. Also, when talking about 'losing weight', learners might try to translate 'lose' literally (gom kardan), but in Persian, we always 'reduce' weight (vazn kam kardan).

Preposition Pitfall: Always use 'az' when specifying the source of the reduction.

از نمره من کم نکنید!

Don't take points off (reduce from) my grade!

Learners also struggle with the register. While kam kardan is perfect for daily life, using it in a highly formal academic paper about 'the mitigation of environmental risks' might sound a bit too simple. In those cases, 'kāhesh dādan' is the better choice. However, for A2 learners, 'kam kardan' is the safe, go-to verb that will be understood and appreciated in almost all contexts.

او اشتباهاتش را کم کرد.

He reduced his mistakes.

Spelling Note: In compound verbs, 'kam' and 'kardan' are written as two separate words, though they function as one unit.

نباید سرعت را ناگهانی کم کرد.

One should not reduce speed suddenly.

چرا نور را کم کردی؟

Why did you dim (reduce) the light?

To truly master کم کردن, you must understand how it relates to its synonyms and cousins. The most formal sibling is کاهش دادن (kāhesh dādan). You will see this in newspapers, economic reports, and scientific journals. While it means the exact same thing, 'kam kardan' is the 'street' and 'home' version, whereas 'kāhesh dādan' is the 'office' and 'university' version.

Kam Kardan vs. Kāhesh Dādan: 'Kam kardan' is conversational; 'Kāhesh dādan' is formal/technical.

بانک نرخ بهره را کاهش داد.

The bank reduced (formal) the interest rate.

Another related verb is کاستن (kāstan). This is a literary and somewhat archaic verb often found in poetry or classical literature. It also means to diminish or lessen. In modern speech, you might hear the compound form kam o kast (deficiencies), but the verb kāstan itself is rare in daily conversation. Then there is تخفیف دادن (takhfif dādan), which is specifically used for giving a discount or reducing a punishment.

Kam Kardan vs. Kam Shodan: 'Kardan' is to reduce (active); 'Shodan' is to decrease (passive).

باران کم شد.

The rain decreased (passive).

Finally, consider پایین آوردن (pāyin āvardan), which literally means 'to bring down'. This is often used interchangeably with 'kam kardan' when talking about levels, prices, or temperatures. 'Pāyin āvardan' emphasizes the downward movement, whereas 'kam kardan' emphasizes the resulting smaller quantity. For example, 'pāyin āvardan-e tab' (bringing down a fever) is a very common medical phrase.

باید تب او را پایین بیاوریم.

We must bring down (reduce) his fever.

Summary Table: - Kam kardan: General/Daily
- Kāhesh dādan: Formal/Economic
- Takhfif dādan: Discounts
- Pāyin āvardan: Levels/Fever

لطفاً کمی از توقعات خود کم کنید.

Please reduce your expectations a bit.

او مصرف سیگار را کم کرد.

He reduced his cigarette consumption.

How Formal Is It?

난이도

알아야 할 문법

Compound verb conjugation

Object marker 'rā'

Preposition 'az' for source

Subjunctive mood with 'bāyad'

Imperative mood construction

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수준별 예문

صدای رادیو را کم کن.

Turn down the radio volume.

Imperative form.

من قند چای را کم کردم.

I reduced the sugar in the tea.

Simple past tense.

لطفاً شعله را کم کنید.

Please turn down the flame.

Formal imperative.

دو را از پنج کم کن.

Subtract two from five.

Use of 'az' for subtraction.

او نمک غذا را کم کرد.

He reduced the salt in the food.

Third person singular past.

آیا می‌توانم نور را کم کنم؟

Can I dim the light?

Question with 'tavānestan'.

سرعت را کم کن!

Reduce the speed!

Urgent imperative.

ما هزینه را کم می‌کنیم.

We are reducing the cost.

Present continuous/habitual.

او می‌خواهد وزنش را کم کند.

He wants to lose weight.

Subjunctive after 'mikhāhad'.

باید مصرف آب را کم کنیم.

We must reduce water consumption.

Modal 'bāyad' + subjunctive.

دکتر گفت چربی را کم کن.

The doctor said, 'Reduce fat'.

Reported speech.

او صدای تلویزیون را کمی کم کرد.

He turned down the TV volume a bit.

Use of 'kami' (a bit).

چرا قیمت را کم نکردی؟

Why didn't you lower the price?

Negative past question.

من همیشه سرعت ماشین را کم می‌کنم.

I always reduce the car's speed.

Habitual present.

او سعی می‌کند اشتباهاتش را کم کند.

He tries to reduce his mistakes.

Present continuous.

لطفاً فاصله را کم نکنید.

Please do not reduce the distance.

Negative formal imperative.

مدیر تصمیم گرفت حقوق‌ها را کم نکند.

The manager decided not to reduce salaries.

Infinitive as object.

اگر استرس را کم کنی، بهتر می‌خوابی.

If you reduce stress, you will sleep better.

Conditional sentence.

او توانست زمان مطالعه‌اش را کم کند.

He was able to reduce his study time.

Past ability.

باید از اتلاف وقت کم کنیم.

We must reduce time wasting.

Abstract object.

او با ورزش زیاد، وزن زیادی کم کرده است.

By exercising a lot, he has lost a lot of weight.

Present perfect.

دولت سعی دارد تورم را کم کند.

The government is trying to reduce inflation.

Political context.

می‌توانید صدای موسیقی را کمی کم کنید؟

Could you please turn down the music a bit?

Polite question.

او قول داد که مصرف پلاستیک را کم کند.

He promised to reduce plastic consumption.

Noun clause.

کاهش هزینه‌ها به ما کمک کرد بدهی را کم کنیم.

Reducing costs helped us reduce the debt.

Complex sentence.

او با کم کردن توقعاتش، شادتر شد.

By reducing his expectations, he became happier.

Gerund form (kam kardan-e).

باید از فاصله‌ی طبقاتی در جامعه کم کرد.

The class gap in society must be reduced.

Impersonal 'bāyad'.

او سعی کرد از شدت عصبانیت خود کم کند.

He tried to reduce the intensity of his anger.

Psychological context.

این دارو می‌تواند درد را به سرعت کم کند.

This medicine can reduce pain quickly.

Medical context.

آن‌ها می‌خواهند وابستگی به نفت را کم کنند.

They want to reduce dependence on oil.

Economic strategy.

با کم کردن نور، فضای اتاق رمانتیک شد.

By dimming the light, the room's atmosphere became romantic.

Adverbial phrase.

او هیچ‌گاه از تلاش خود کم نکرد.

He never reduced (lessened) his efforts.

Idiomatic usage.

نویسنده با کم کردن حواشی، به اصل مطلب پرداخت.

The author got to the point by reducing the fluff.

Literary context.

سیاست‌های جدید به منظور کم کردن شکاف دیجیتالی است.

The new policies are intended to reduce the digital divide.

Formal purpose clause.

او با ظرافت از بار مسئولیت‌هایش کم کرد.

He subtly reduced the burden of his responsibilities.

Nuanced meaning.

باید از اصطکاک بین گروه‌های مختلف کم کنیم.

We must reduce the friction between different groups.

Metaphorical use.

این فرآیند به کم کردن ضایعات صنعتی کمک می‌کند.

This process helps in reducing industrial waste.

Technical context.

او با کم کردن از سهم خود، به دیگران کمک کرد.

By reducing his own share, he helped others.

Altruistic context.

تکنولوژی جدید مصرف انرژی را به شدت کم کرده است.

New technology has drastically reduced energy consumption.

Intensifier 'be sheddat'.

او تلاش کرد از ابهام سخنانش کم کند.

He tried to reduce the ambiguity of his words.

Abstract noun.

فلاسفه همواره سعی در کم کردن رنج بشری داشته‌اند.

Philosophers have always tried to reduce human suffering.

Philosophical context.

او با کم کردن از منیت خود، به کمال رسید.

By reducing his ego, he reached perfection.

Mystical/Sufi context.

این اصلاحات ساختاری، بروکراسی را کم خواهد کرد.

These structural reforms will reduce bureaucracy.

Future tense in formal context.

باید از غلظت این محلول شیمیایی کم کرد.

The concentration of this chemical solution must be reduced.

Scientific precision.

او با کم کردن از زرق و برق زندگی، به آرامش رسید.

By reducing the glitz and glamour of life, he found peace.

Stylistic contrast.

هدف این معاهده، کم کردن تسلیحات هسته‌ای است.

The goal of this treaty is to reduce nuclear weapons.

Geopolitical context.

او با کم کردن از تندی کلامش، فضا را آرام کرد.

By reducing the sharpness of his speech, he calmed the atmosphere.

Interpersonal nuance.

این رویکرد به کم کردن تصادفات جاده‌ای منجر شد.

This approach led to the reduction of road accidents.

Resultative clause.

자주 쓰는 조합

صدای تلویزیون را کم کردن

وزن کم کردن

سرعت را کم کردن

شعله را کم کردن

قیمت را کم کردن

مصرف آب را کم کردن

نور را کم کردن

استرس را کم کردن

هزینه‌ها را کم کردن

فاصله را کم کردن

자주 쓰는 구문

کمی کم کن

باید کم کنیم

داری کم می‌کنی؟

ازش کم کن

وزن کم کرده

صداتو کم کن

رنگشو کم کن

سرعتتو کم کن

پولشو کم کن

توقعشو کم کن

자주 혼동되는 단어

کم کردن vs کم شدن

کم کردن vs گم کردن

کم کردن vs کاستن

관용어 및 표현

"روی کسی را کم کردن (to put someone in their place)"

"از سر و ته چیزی کم کردن (to cut corners)"

"کم آوردن (to run out of something/to be unable to cope)"

"کم نگذاشتن (to give one's all)"

"دست‌کم گرفتن (to underestimate)"

"کم‌لطفی کردن (to be unkind/unfair)"

"کم و کسر نداشتن (to have everything needed)"

"کم‌رنگ شدن (to fade away)"

"کم‌طاقت بودن (to be impatient)"

"کم‌حرف بودن (to be taciturn)"

혼동하기 쉬운

کم کردن vs

문장 패턴

무료 가입하고 모든 예문 보기

사용법

math

Standard for subtraction.

weight

The only natural way to say 'lose weight'.

active voice

Always requires someone doing the action.

자주 하는 실수

Using 'kam kardan' for losing physical objects (like keys).
Confusing 'kam kardan' (active) with 'kam shodan' (passive).
Forgetting the object marker 'rā' for definite objects.
Using 'kam kardan' in highly formal academic writing where 'kāhesh dādan' is expected.
Misplacing the 'na-' prefix in the negative form (it should be 'kam nakon', not 'nakam kon').

팁

Conjugation Focus

Always remember that only the 'kardan' part changes. If you can conjugate 'kardan', you can conjugate 'kam kardan' and hundreds of other Persian verbs. Practice the present, past, and future of 'kardan' until it becomes second nature. This will significantly boost your fluency.

Volume Control

This is the most common way to ask someone to lower the volume. Whether it's a TV, radio, or someone's voice, 'sedā rā kam kon' is your go-to phrase. It's polite yet direct. If you want to be extra polite, add 'lotfan' at the beginning or end.

Weight Loss

In English, we say 'lose weight', but in Persian, we 'reduce weight'. Don't use 'gom kardan' (to lose an object). Using 'vazn kam kardan' will make you sound much more like a native speaker. It's a very common topic in social gatherings.

Easy Subtraction

Use 'kam kardan' for all your basic math needs. It's much easier than learning formal math terms. Just remember the pattern: [Number A] rā az [Number B] kam kon. This literally means 'Take Number A from Number B'. It's simple and effective.

Chef's Secret

Persian cooking is all about 'shole rā kam kardan'. Most Persian dishes need to simmer on low heat for a long time to develop their flavor. If you're following a Persian recipe, you'll see this instruction often. It's the key to a perfect stew.

Know Your Audience

While 'kam kardan' is great for daily life, try to use 'kāhesh dādan' in formal emails or academic settings. It shows a higher level of language proficiency. However, if you're unsure, 'kam kardan' is never 'wrong', just a bit informal.

The 'Az' Factor

When you are reducing something *from* a total, always use the preposition 'az'. For example, 'az hazine-hā kam kon' (reduce from the expenses). This helps clarify the relationship between the reduction and the original amount.

Phone Settings

Change your phone's language to Persian. You will see 'kam kardan' used in the settings for brightness, volume, and data usage. This is a great way to see the verb used in a modern, practical context every single day.

Modesty Matters

In Persian culture, being humble is valued. You might hear people say they need to 'reduce' their own importance. Understanding this cultural nuance helps you use the verb in more sophisticated social interactions, not just for physical objects.

Bazaar Bargaining

Next time you're in a market, listen to the interactions. You'll hear 'kam kon' (reduce it) constantly. This is the heartbeat of the bazaar. Listening to the different tones people use can help you understand the social dynamics of bargaining.

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기억법

Think of a 'camera' (kam) zoom lens 'reducing' the field of view.

어원

Middle Persian

문화적 맥락

Crucial for slow-cooked Persian stews (Khoresht).

Used in self-deprecating phrases about one's own efforts.

Essential for shopping in traditional bazaars.

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실제 사용 상황

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"چطور می‌توانم استرسم را کم کنم؟"

"آیا قیمت این لباس را کم می‌کنید؟"

"می‌توانی صدای موسیقی را کمی کم کنی؟"

"برای وزن کم کردن چه پیشنهادی داری؟"

"چرا باید مصرف گوشت را کم کنیم؟"

일기 주제

امروز چه کارهایی انجام دادی تا هزینه‌هایت را کم کنی؟

یک خاطره بنویس که در آن مجبور شدی سرعتت را در زندگی کم کنی.

چگونه می‌توانی زمان استفاده از گوشی را کم کنی؟

درباره زمانی بنویس که با کم کردن توقعاتت، خوشحال‌تر شدی.

اگر بخواهی مصرف پلاستیک را کم کنی، از کجا شروع می‌کنی؟

자주 묻는 질문

10 질문

'Kam kardan' is the common, everyday term used in conversation and informal writing. 'Kāhesh dādan' is much more formal and is typically found in news, academic papers, or official documents. For an A2 learner, 'kam kardan' is almost always the better choice. You would use 'kam kardan' with your friends and 'kāhesh dādan' in a business report.

No, you cannot. 'Kam kardan' means to reduce the amount or intensity of something. To lose an object like keys or a wallet, you must use the verb 'gom kardan'. However, if you want to say you 'lost weight', you *must* use 'vazn kam kardan'. This is a common point of confusion for English speakers.

The most common way to say 'subtract' is 'kam kardan'. For example, to say 'subtract 3 from 10', you would say 'se rā az dah kam kon'. In more formal mathematical contexts, you might hear 'menhā kardan', but 'kam kardan' is perfectly acceptable and very common in schools.

It is not usually used to describe people directly, but it can be used for their attributes. For example, you can 'reduce someone's salary' or 'reduce someone's influence'. There is also an idiom 'ru-ye kasi rā kam kardan', which means to humble someone or put them in their place, often in a competitive context.

To conjugate it in the present tense, you take the present stem of 'kardan', which is 'kon', and add the personal endings. For example: man kam mikonam (I reduce), to kam mikoni (you reduce), u kam mikonad (he/she reduces), mā kam mikonim (we reduce), shomā kam mikonid (you all reduce), ānhā kam mikonand (they reduce).

No, 'kam kardan' means to dim or reduce the light. If you want to turn the light off completely, you should use the verb 'khāmush kardan'. If you just want to make the room darker but keep the light on, 'nur rā kam kon' is the correct phrase to use.

The direct opposite is 'ziyād kardan', which means to increase, add to, or turn up. Just like 'kam kardan', it is a compound verb. For example, 'sedā rā ziyād kon' means 'turn up the volume'. Another opposite in more formal contexts is 'afzāyesh dādan'.

In Persian script, it is written as two separate words: 'کم' and 'کردن'. However, they function together as a single semantic unit called a compound verb. When you look it up in a dictionary, you might find it under 'kardan' or as a separate entry for 'kam kardan'.

While 'kam kardan' can mean reducing length, usually for physical objects like hair or a dress, Persians prefer the verb 'kutāh kardan' (to make short). However, for abstract things like 'reducing the length of a meeting', 'kam kardan-e zamān-e jalase' is perfectly fine.

If the object you are reducing is specific or definite, you must use the object marker 'rā'. For example, 'sedā rā kam kon' (turn down *the* sound). If you are talking about reduction in general, you might omit it, but in most daily sentences, 'rā' is necessary.

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