معاش 30초 만에
- Ma'āsh (معاش) means livelihood: the means to secure life's necessities.
- It's about earning enough to live, covering food, shelter, etc.
- Often used in formal contexts discussing work, economy, or survival.
- More than just money; it's the system of provision for life.
Understanding 'معاش' (Ma'āsh)
The Persian word 'معاش' (ma'āsh) refers to one's livelihood, the means by which a person earns enough money to support themselves and their family. It encompasses the resources and income necessary to secure the basic necessities of life, such as food, shelter, and clothing. It's a fundamental concept tied to survival and the ability to maintain a standard of living.
Think of 'معاش' as the financial engine that keeps a household running. When people discuss their jobs, their financial stability, or their concerns about making ends meet, they are often talking about their 'معاش'. It's a word that carries weight, implying not just earning money, but earning enough to live with dignity and security.
- Core Meaning
- The income or resources needed to live; subsistence.
- Contexts of Use
- Often used in discussions about employment, financial well-being, poverty, and the challenges of earning a living, especially in contexts where economic hardship is a concern.
همه تلاش ما برای تأمین معاش خانواده است.
The term is somewhat formal and is frequently encountered in news reports, social commentary, and discussions about economic policies. It's less common in casual, everyday chat about personal finances, where words like 'پول' (pool - money) or 'درآمد' (dar-āmad - income) might be used more frequently. However, when emphasizing the *necessity* and the *struggle* or *effort* involved in earning, 'معاش' becomes the more fitting word.
Consider the difference: saying 'من پول در میآورم' (man pool dar miyāvaram - I earn money) is general. But saying 'من برای تأمین معاش تلاش میکنم' (man barāye ta'min-e ma'āsh talāsh mikonam - I strive to secure my livelihood) implies a more profound effort to ensure basic needs are met, possibly in challenging circumstances.
- Etymological Hint
- The root of 'معاش' is related to 'living' and 'companionship', suggesting the idea of living together and supporting each other, which naturally extends to earning a living.
بسیاری از مردم برای تأمین معاش خود به کشاورزی وابسته هستند.
In essence, 'معاش' is about the essential economic activity that sustains life. It's a term that resonates with the human need for security and stability, and it's a crucial concept for understanding discussions about social welfare and economic conditions in Persian-speaking cultures.
Mastering 'معاش' in Persian Sentences
Using 'معاش' (ma'āsh) correctly involves understanding its nuances and common grammatical structures. It functions primarily as a noun, often appearing in phrases related to earning, securing, or struggling for one's livelihood.
Common Verb Collocations
Verbs commonly used with 'معاش' often describe the action of providing for, seeking, or managing one's livelihood:
- تأمین کردن (ta'min kardan - to secure, to provide): This is perhaps the most frequent verb used with 'معاش'. It emphasizes the act of ensuring that the means of livelihood are available.
Example: پدرم سخت کار میکند تا معاش خانواده را تأمین کند. (Padaram sakht kār mikonad tā ma'āsh-e khānevādeh rā ta'min konad. - My father works hard to secure the family's livelihood.) - جستن (jostan - to seek): Implies actively looking for ways to earn a living.
Example: او در شهرهای بزرگ به دنبال معاش میگشت. (U dar shahrhā-ye bozorg be donbāl-e ma'āsh migasht. - He was searching in big cities for a livelihood.) - کسب کردن (kasb kardan - to earn, to gain): Similar to 'ta'min kardan' but can sometimes imply a more direct earning through a specific trade or skill.
Example: هنرمندان اغلب با فروش آثارشان معاش خود را کسب میکنند. (Honarmandān aglab bā forūsh-e āsār-eshān ma'āsh-e khod rā kasb mikonand. - Artists often earn their livelihood by selling their works.) - داشتن (dāshtan - to have): Used to describe the state of having a livelihood.
Example: بدون داشتن معاش مناسب، زندگی بسیار دشوار است. (Bedūn-e dāshtan-e ma'āsh-e monāseb, zendegi besiyār dushvār ast. - Without having a suitable livelihood, life is very difficult.) - به سختی تأمین کردن (be sakhti ta'min kardan - to secure with difficulty): Highlights the struggle involved.
Example: در دوران جنگ، تأمین معاش بسیار سخت بود. (Dar dowrān-e jang, ta'min-e ma'āsh besiyār sakht bud. - During the war, securing a livelihood was very difficult.)
Common Noun Phrases and Prepositional Usage
'معاش' is often preceded or followed by other nouns or prepositions to specify whose livelihood or what kind of livelihood is being discussed.
- معاشِ خانواده (ma'āsh-e khānevādeh - the livelihood of the family): The possessive 'ـِ' (ezāfeh) connects 'معاش' to 'خانواده'.
Example: او مسئول معاشِ خانوادهاش است. (U mas'ūl-e ma'āsh-e khānevādeh-ash ast. - He is responsible for his family's livelihood.) - معاشِ روزانه (ma'āsh-e rūzāneh - daily livelihood): Refers to the means of sustenance on a day-to-day basis.
Example: برای معاشِ روزانه، او در بازار کار میکند. (Barāye ma'āsh-e rūzāneh, u dar bāzār kār mikonad. - For his daily livelihood, he works in the market.) - در مورد معاش (dar mowred-e ma'āsh - regarding livelihood): Used to introduce a discussion about livelihood.
Example: امروز در جلسه در مورد معاش کارگران صحبت شد. (Emruz dar jalase dar mowred-e ma'āsh-e kārgarān sohbat shod. - Today in the meeting, they talked about the workers' livelihood.) - برای معاش (barāye ma'āsh - for livelihood): Indicates the purpose of an action.
Example: او مجبور شد شغلش را تغییر دهد برای تأمین معاش بهتر. (U majbūr shod shoghlesh rā taghyir dehad barāye ta'min-e ma'āsh-e behtar. - He had to change his job for a better livelihood.)
Adjectival Modifiers
While 'معاش' itself is a noun, adjectives can describe the quality or state of one's livelihood.
- معاشِ خوب (ma'āsh-e khūb - good livelihood)
- معاشِ ناچیز (ma'āsh-e nāchiz - meager livelihood)
- معاشِ شرافتمندانه (ma'āsh-e sherāfatmandāneh - honorable livelihood)
- Example: او یک معاشِ شرافتمندانه از طریق تدریس داشت. (U yek ma'āsh-e sherāfatmandāneh az tarīq-e tadris dāsht. - He had an honorable livelihood through teaching.)
تلاش برای تأمین معاش، بخشی اساسی از زندگی انسان است.
Formal vs. Informal Usage
'معاش' is generally considered a more formal word. In very casual conversation, people might use simpler terms like 'پول' (pool - money) or 'خرج' (kharj - expenses/what one spends). However, when discussing the broader concept of earning a living, especially in relation to social or economic issues, 'معاش' is appropriate.
Practice constructing sentences using the patterns above. Try to describe different scenarios where people are working to earn a living, whether it's for themselves or their families. This will help solidify your understanding of how 'معاش' functions in Persian.
Real-World Contexts for 'معاش'
The word 'معاش' (ma'āsh) isn't typically heard in everyday, lighthearted conversations about what you ate for lunch. Instead, it surfaces in contexts where the fundamental aspects of earning a living and economic stability are discussed. Its usage often carries a sense of seriousness and importance.
News and Media
You'll frequently encounter 'معاش' in news reports, especially those covering economic issues, labor rights, poverty, and social welfare. Articles might discuss the challenges faced by certain professions in securing their 'معاش', government policies aimed at improving people's 'معاش', or the impact of economic downturns on livelihoods.
گزارشها حاکی از آن است که بسیاری از کارگران برای تأمین معاش خود با مشکل مواجه هستند.
Social and Political Discourse
Discussions about social justice, economic inequality, and the well-being of citizens often involve the term 'معاش'. Politicians, social activists, and academics might use it when advocating for better wages, job security, or social support systems. It's a word that highlights the fundamental human need for economic stability.
Literature and Formal Writing
In Persian literature, particularly in novels or essays that delve into the lives of ordinary people or historical periods, 'معاش' can appear to describe the struggles and efforts of characters to survive and provide for their families. It adds a layer of depth and realism to the narrative.
Discussions about Specific Professions
When people talk about professions that are inherently precarious or where income is highly variable, 'معاش' is often used. For example, discussing the livelihood of artists, freelance workers, or farmers during challenging seasons might involve this term.
- Example Scenario
- Imagine a conversation between two older friends discussing the changing economy: "یادم میآید وقتی جوان بودیم، تأمین معاش خیلی سختتر بود. شغلها کمتر بود و درآمدها ناچیز." (Yādam miyāyad vaghti javān budim, ta'min-e ma'āsh kheyli sakht-tar bud. Shoghlohā kamtar bud va dar-āmadhā nāchiz. - I remember when we were young, securing a livelihood was much harder. There were fewer jobs, and incomes were meager.)
کشاورزان همیشه نگران معاش خود به دلیل شرایط آب و هوایی هستند.
In summary, 'معاش' is a word you'll encounter when the conversation or text shifts to the more serious aspects of economic survival and the means by which people sustain themselves and their families. It's a key term for understanding discussions about societal well-being and economic realities.
Avoiding Pitfalls with 'معاش'
While 'معاش' (ma'āsh) is a useful word, learners can sometimes misuse it by confusing its specific meaning with more general terms for money or income, or by using it in contexts where it sounds overly formal or out of place.
Mistake 1: Confusing 'معاش' with 'پول' (Pool - Money) or 'درآمد' (Dar-āmad - Income)
The Issue: 'پول' refers to money in general, and 'درآمد' refers to income earned. 'معاش' is broader; it's the *means* of securing the necessities of life, which includes income but also implies the overall stability and sufficiency for basic needs.
Incorrect Usage: من پول زیادی برای معاش نیاز دارم. (Man pool-e ziyādi barāye ma'āsh niyāz dāram. - I need a lot of money for livelihood.) - While related, this phrasing is slightly awkward. It's better to say 'I need a lot of money to live' or 'I need a good income'.
Correct Usage:- من برای تأمین معاش خانوادهام، به درآمد بیشتری نیاز دارم. (Man barāye ta'min-e ma'āsh-e khānevādeh-am, be dar-āmad-e bishtari niyāz dāram. - To secure my family's livelihood, I need more income.) - Here, 'معاش' is the goal, and 'درآمد' is the means.
- او پول خوبی از کارش به دست میآورد. (U pool-e khūbi az kārash be dast miyāvarad. - He earns good money from his work.) - This uses 'پول' correctly for general earning.
Mistake 2: Overusing 'معاش' in Casual Conversation
The Issue: 'معاش' has a formal tone. Using it when discussing simple financial matters with friends can sound unnatural or overly serious.
Incorrect Usage: امشب شام چی بخوریم؟ باید معاش رو در نظر بگیریم! (Emshab shām chi bokhorim? Bāyad ma'āsh ro dar nazar begirim! - What should we eat for dinner tonight? We need to consider our livelihood!) - This is humorous but incorrect. 'معاش' is not about deciding on a meal.
Correct Usage:- امشب شام چی بخوریم؟ ببینیم چقدر پول داریم. (Emshab shām chi bokhorim? Bebinim cheghadr pool dārim. - What should we eat for dinner tonight? Let's see how much money we have.) - Uses 'پول' for a casual financial decision.
- وضعیت معاش کارگران بهبود یافته است. (Vaz'iyat-e ma'āsh-e kārgarān behbūd yāfteh ast. - The workers' livelihood situation has improved.) - This is a formal statement where 'معاش' is appropriate.
Mistake 3: Incorrect Verb Collocations
The Issue: Using verbs that don't naturally pair with 'معاش'.
Incorrect Usage: من معاش را خوردم. (Man ma'āsh rā khordam. - I ate livelihood.) - This is nonsensical.
Correct Usage:- او برای معاش خود زحمت میکشد. (U barāye ma'āsh-e khod zahamat mikeshad. - He toils for his livelihood.) - 'زحمت کشیدن' (to toil/work hard) is a good fit.
- آنها سعی میکنند معاش خانواده را تأمین کنند. (Ānhā sa'y mikonand ma'āsh-e khānevādeh rā ta'min konand. - They try to secure the family's livelihood.) - 'تأمین کردن' is a standard collocation.
اشتباه رایج این است که معاش را با پول یکی بدانیم.
By being mindful of these common mistakes, you can use 'معاش' more accurately and effectively in your Persian communication, conveying the intended meaning with greater precision.
Exploring Synonyms and Alternatives for 'معاش'
While 'معاش' (ma'āsh) is a specific term for livelihood, Persian offers several related words that can be used depending on the context, formality, and the specific aspect of earning a living you wish to emphasize. Understanding these nuances helps in choosing the most appropriate word.
Direct Synonyms and Closely Related Terms
- درآمد (Dar-āmad)
- Meaning: Income, earnings. Usage: This is a very common and general term for money earned. It focuses on the amount of money received, rather than the broader concept of sustenance. Example: درآمد او از شغل جدیدش بیشتر شده است. (Dar-āmad-e u az shogh-e jadid-ash bishtar shodeh ast. - His income from the new job has increased.) Comparison to معاش: 'درآمد' is more about the money itself, while 'معاش' is about what that money provides – the means to live. You can have income but still struggle for livelihood if it's insufficient.
- روزی (Rūzi)
- Meaning: Daily bread, sustenance, daily provisions. Often carries a more spiritual or fateful connotation. Usage: This term can imply God-given sustenance or the basic necessities provided daily. It's often used in contexts of trust in divine provision or when discussing very basic survival. Example: خداوند روزی همه بندگانش را میدهد. (Khodāvand rūzi-ye hameh bandegānash rā midahad. - God provides for all His servants.) Comparison to معاش: 'روزی' can be more passive and reliant on fate or divine will, whereas 'معاش' often implies active effort and securing means. 'معاش' is more about the system of earning, 'روزی' is about the provision itself.
- امرار معاش (Emrār-e Ma'āsh)
- Meaning: Livelihood, subsistence (often used as a verb phrase 'امرار معاش کردن' - to make a living). Usage: This is a very close synonym to 'معاش' and is often used interchangeably, especially in more formal contexts. It emphasizes the act of living or sustaining oneself. Example: او با فروش صنایع دستی امرار معاش میکند. (U bā forūsh-e sanāye'-e dasti emrār-e ma'āsh mikonad. - She makes a living by selling handicrafts.) Comparison to معاش: 'امرار معاش' often functions as a verbal phrase, focusing on the *action* of making a living, while 'معاش' itself is the noun for the means or livelihood.
More General or Related Terms
- شغل (Shogh)
کار (Kār) - Meaning: Job, work. Usage: These refer to the occupation or the activity of working. They are the *means* by which one might secure their livelihood, but they are not the livelihood itself. Example: او شغل جدیدی پیدا کرده است. (U shogh-e jadidi peydā kardeh ast. - He has found a new job.) Comparison to معاش: A job ('شغل' or 'کار') is a way to earn a livelihood ('معاش'), but 'معاش' is the outcome or the system of provision, not the job itself.
- معیشت (Ma'īshat)
- Meaning: Livelihood, living, sustenance. Often used in a more collective or societal sense, referring to the economic well-being of a group or nation. Usage: This term is very close to 'معاش' but can sound more academic or formal, often used in discussions about economic policy or the standard of living. Example: بهبود وضعیت معیشت مردم در اولویت دولت است. (Behbūd-e vaz'iyat-e ma'īshat-e mardom dar owlaviyat-e dowlat ast. - Improving the people's standard of living is the government's priority.) Comparison to معاش: 'معیشت' can be more abstract and societal, while 'معاش' can refer to an individual's or family's specific means of survival.
انتخاب کلمه مناسب بستگی به بافت جمله و میزان رسمی بودن آن دارد.
By understanding these distinctions, you can enrich your Persian vocabulary and express yourself with greater precision and cultural awareness.
How Formal Is It?
재미있는 사실
The root ع-ي-ش (ʿ-y-sh) is fundamental to the concept of life itself in Arabic and related languages. The association with 'living together' or 'companionship' is also inherent in related forms, subtly hinting at the shared effort often involved in securing a livelihood.
발음 가이드
- Pronouncing the 'ā' sounds as short vowels.
- Not stressing the second syllable sufficiently.
- Confusing the 'sh' sound with 's'.
난이도
The word 'معاش' is not extremely common in everyday spoken Persian but appears frequently in written texts, especially news, formal discussions, and literature. Learners at the B1 level and above should be able to understand it in context, especially when related to economic or social topics.
다음에 무엇을 배울까
선수 학습
다음에 배울 것
고급
알아야 할 문법
Ezāfeh construction (ـِ)
معاشِ خانواده (Ma'āsh-e khānevādeh) - The livelihood of the family. The 'ـِ' connects the noun 'معاش' to the possessor 'خانواده'.
Verb conjugation with 'kardan' (to do/make)
تأمین معاش کردن (Ta'min ma'āsh kardan) - To secure livelihood. The verb 'kardan' is conjugated based on the subject and tense.
Prepositional phrases
برای معاش (Barāye ma'āsh) - For livelihood. The preposition 'برای' (barāye - for) is used to indicate purpose.
Adjective agreement (limited)
معاشِ خوب (Ma'āsh-e khūb) - Good livelihood. While 'معاش' itself is singular, adjectives describing it usually follow standard Persian adjective rules.
Using nouns as adjectives (less common)
معاش روزانه (Ma'āsh-e rūzāneh) - Daily livelihood. 'روزانه' (rūzāneh - daily) acts as an adjective modifying 'معاش'.
수준별 예문
پدرم برای معاش ما کار میکند.
My father works for our livelihood.
The possessive suffix '-em' in 'پدرم' means 'my father'. The suffix '-e' in 'معاشِ' indicates possession (livelihood OF us).
او به دنبال معاش خود میگردد.
He is looking for his livelihood.
'میگردد' (migardad) is the present tense verb 'to search' or 'to look for'.
تأمین معاش مهم است.
Securing a livelihood is important.
'تأمین' (ta'min) is the gerund form of 'to secure' or 'to provide'.
این شغل معاش خوبی دارد.
This job has a good livelihood.
'خوبی' (khūbi) is the indefinite form of 'good', meaning 'a good one'.
زندگی بدون معاش سخت است.
Life without a livelihood is difficult.
'بدون' (bedūn) is a preposition meaning 'without'.
او تلاش میکند معاش خانواده را فراهم کند.
He tries to provide the family's livelihood.
'فراهم کند' (farāham konad) is a verb meaning 'to provide' or 'to make available'.
در این شهر، معاش از طریق کشاورزی است.
In this city, livelihood is through agriculture.
'از طریق' (az tarīq) means 'through' or 'by means of'.
بسیاری از مردم به معاش خود اهمیت میدهند.
Many people value their livelihood.
'اهمیت میدهند' (ahamiyat midahand) means 'they give importance' or 'they value'.
تأمین معاش در دوران رکود اقتصادی چالشبرانگیز است.
Securing a livelihood during an economic recession is challenging.
'رکود اقتصادی' (rukūd-e eqtesādi) means 'economic recession'. 'چالشبرانگیز' (chālesh-barangiz) means 'challenging'.
او با وجود سختیها، برای معاش خانوادهاش جنگید.
Despite the difficulties, he fought for his family's livelihood.
'با وجود' (bā vojud) means 'despite'. 'جنگید' (jangid) is the past tense of 'to fight'.
بسیاری از مهاجران به دنبال فرصتهایی برای کسب معاش بهتر هستند.
Many immigrants are looking for opportunities to earn a better livelihood.
'مهاجران' (mohājerān) means 'immigrants'. 'کسب' (kasb) here is used as a verb prefix, meaning 'to earn'.
قانون جدید برای حمایت از معاش کارگران تصویب شد.
A new law was passed to support the workers' livelihood.
'حمایت از' (hemāyat az) means 'support for'. 'تصویب شد' (tasvīb shod) means 'was approved' or 'was passed'.
او با صداقت و پشتکار، معاش شرافتمندانهای داشت.
He had an honorable livelihood through honesty and perseverance.
'صداقت' (sedāqat) means 'honesty'. 'پشتکار' (poshtkār) means 'perseverance'. 'شرافتمندانهای' (sherāfatmandāneh-i) means 'an honorable one'.
وقتی معاش انسان تأمین باشد، آرامش بیشتری دارد.
When a person's livelihood is secured, they have more peace.
'آرامش' (ārāmesh) means 'peace'. 'بیشتری' (bishtari) means 'more'.
در مناطقی که معاش دشوار است، مردم به هم کمک میکنند.
In areas where livelihood is difficult, people help each other.
'مناطق' (manāṭeq) means 'areas'. 'به هم' (be ham) means 'each other'.
بسیاری از هنرمندان برای تأمین معاش خود به کارهای دیگر نیز مشغولند.
Many artists are also engaged in other jobs to secure their livelihood.
'مشغولند' (mashghūland) means 'they are busy' or 'they are engaged'.
تغییرات اقلیمی تهدیدی جدی برای معاش میلیونها نفر در سراسر جهان است.
Climate change is a serious threat to the livelihood of millions worldwide.
'تغییرات اقلیمی' (taghyīrāt-e aqlīmi) means 'climate change'. 'تهدیدی جدی' (tahdid-i jeddī) means 'a serious threat'.
دولت قول داده است که با ایجاد فرصتهای شغلی پایدار، معاش شهروندان را بهبود بخشد.
The government has promised to improve citizens' livelihood by creating sustainable job opportunities.
'فرصتهای شغلی پایدار' (forsat-hā-ye shoghli pāydār) means 'sustainable job opportunities'. 'بهبود بخشد' (behbud bakhshad) is the subjunctive form of 'to improve'.
درک عمیق از شرایط اقتصادی برای تضمین معاش ضروری است.
A deep understanding of economic conditions is essential for ensuring livelihood.
'تضمین' (tazmīn) means 'ensuring' or 'guaranteeing'. 'ضروری' (zarūrī) means 'essential'.
بسیاری از خانوادهها در مناطق روستایی، معاش خود را از طریق دامپروری تأمین میکنند.
Many families in rural areas secure their livelihood through animal husbandry.
'مناطق روستایی' (manāṭeq-e rūstā'ī) means 'rural areas'. 'دامپروری' (dāmpāvari) means 'animal husbandry'.
فقدان آموزش کافی میتواند مانعی بزرگ در برابر کسب معاش مناسب باشد.
Lack of adequate education can be a major obstacle to earning a suitable livelihood.
'فقدان' (feqdān) means 'lack'. 'مانعی بزرگ' (māne'ī bozorg) means 'a major obstacle'.
اقتصادهای مبتنی بر گردشگری نیازمند توجه ویژه به معاش جوامع محلی هستند.
Tourism-based economies require special attention to the livelihood of local communities.
'اقتصادهای مبتنی بر گردشگری' (eqtesād-hā-ye mobtanī bar gerdishgarī) means 'tourism-based economies'. 'جوامع محلی' (javāme'-e mahalli) means 'local communities'.
بسیج منابع برای ایجاد معاش پایدار در مناطق محروم امری حیاتی است.
Mobilizing resources to create sustainable livelihoods in deprived areas is vital.
'بسیج منابع' (basīj-e manābe') means 'mobilizing resources'. 'مناطق محروم' (manāṭeq-e mahrum) means 'deprived areas'. 'حیاتی' (hayāti) means 'vital'.
درک تأثیرات بلندمدت سیاستهای اقتصادی بر معاش مردم، نیازمند تحلیل کارشناسانه است.
Understanding the long-term effects of economic policies on people's livelihood requires expert analysis.
'تأثیرات بلندمدت' (ta'sīrāt-e boland-moddat) means 'long-term effects'. 'تحلیل کارشناسانه' (tahlīl-e kār-shenāsāneh) means 'expert analysis'.
توسعه پایدار مستلزم ایجاد تعادل میان پیشرفت اقتصادی و حفظ معاش نسلهای آینده است.
Sustainable development necessitates balancing economic progress with preserving the livelihood of future generations.
'توسعه پایدار' (tose'eh pāydār) means 'sustainable development'. 'مستلزم' (mostalzam) means 'necessitates' or 'entails'.
فقدان سرمایهگذاری کافی در بخشهای مولد، عملاً توانایی جامعه برای تأمین معاش خود را تضعیف میکند.
The lack of sufficient investment in productive sectors effectively weakens the society's ability to secure its livelihood.
'بخشهای مولد' (bakhsh-hā-ye mowalled) means 'productive sectors'. 'تضعیف میکند' (taz'īf mikonad) means 'weakens'.
استراتژیهای نوآورانه برای بازسازی اقتصاد پس از بحران، باید بر اولویتبخشی به معاش اقشار آسیبپذیر تمرکز کنند.
Innovative strategies for post-crisis economic recovery must focus on prioritizing the livelihood of vulnerable segments of the population.
'استراتژیهای نوآورانه' (estrātezhī-hā-ye no'āvarāneh) means 'innovative strategies'. 'اقشار آسیبپذیر' (ashqār-e āsib-pazir) means 'vulnerable segments'.
تأثیرات جهانیشدن بر معاش کارگران در کشورهای در حال توسعه، موضوعی پیچیده و چندوجهی است.
The impacts of globalization on the livelihood of workers in developing countries is a complex and multifaceted issue.
'جهانیشدن' (jahānī-shodan) means 'globalization'. 'چندوجهی' (chand-vajhī) means 'multifaceted'.
رونق اقتصادی بلندمدت تنها از طریق ارتقاء سطح دانش و مهارت نیروی کار و تضمین معاش آنها میسر خواهد شد.
Long-term economic prosperity will only be achieved through improving the knowledge and skill level of the workforce and ensuring their livelihood.
'رونق اقتصادی' (ronaq-e eqtesādi) means 'economic prosperity'. 'ارتقاء' (erteqā') means 'improvement' or 'upgrading'.
بحرانهای زیستمحیطی، نظیر خشکسالیهای مداوم، مستقیماً معاش جوامع وابسته به کشاورزی را به مخاطره میاندازد.
Environmental crises, such as continuous droughts, directly endanger the livelihood of agriculture-dependent communities.
'بحرانهای زیستمحیطی' (bohrān-hā-ye zist-moḥīṭī) means 'environmental crises'. 'به مخاطره میاندازد' (be makhātere mi-andāzad) means 'endangers'.
سیاستهای حمایتی باید به گونهای طراحی شوند که ضمن ایجاد فرصتهای اقتصادی، از معاش افراد در برابر شوکهای ناگهانی محافظت کنند.
Supportive policies should be designed to protect people's livelihood against sudden shocks, while creating economic opportunities.
'سیاستهای حمایتی' (siyāsat-hā-ye hemāyati) means 'supportive policies'. 'شوکهای ناگهانی' (shok-hā-ye nāgahāni) means 'sudden shocks'.
تحول دیجیتال، ضمن ایجاد فرصتهای نوین، چالشهایی را نیز برای بازتعریف معاش در مشاغل سنتی پدید آورده است.
Digital transformation, while creating new opportunities, has also brought challenges for redefining livelihood in traditional occupations.
'تحول دیجیتال' (tahavvol-e digitāl) means 'digital transformation'. 'مشاغل سنتی' (mashāghel-e sonnati) means 'traditional occupations'.
تجدید حیات اقتصادی مناطق محروم مستلزم رویکردهای چندوجهی است که هم به ارتقاء زیرساختها و هم به توانمندسازی افراد برای تأمین معاش پایدار توجه کند.
The economic revitalization of deprived regions requires multifaceted approaches that attend to both upgrading infrastructure and empowering individuals for sustainable livelihood provision.
'تجدید حیات اقتصادی' (tajdīd-e ḥayāt-e eqtesādi) means 'economic revitalization'. 'توانمندسازی' (tavānmandsāzī) means 'empowerment'.
در مواجهه با چالشهای فزاینده ناشی از تغییرات اقلیمی و نوسانات بازار جهانی، حفظ و تضمین معاش جوامع آسیبپذیر، وظیفهای اخلاقی و اجتماعی خطیر است.
In the face of increasing challenges posed by climate change and global market fluctuations, maintaining and ensuring the livelihood of vulnerable communities is a grave ethical and social imperative.
'نوسانات بازار جهانی' (navāsānāt-e bāzār-e jahānī) means 'global market fluctuations'. 'وظیفهای اخلاقی و اجتماعی خطیر' (vazīfeh-i akhlāqī va ejtemā'ī khatīr) means 'a grave ethical and social imperative'.
گذار به اقتصاد سبز، گرچه فرصتهای شغلی نوین پدید میآورد، اما نیازمند بازنگری اساسی در الگوهای معاش و مهارتهای نیروی کار سنتی است.
The transition to a green economy, while creating new job opportunities, necessitates a fundamental re-evaluation of livelihood patterns and the skills of the traditional workforce.
'گذار به اقتصاد سبز' (gozar be eqtesād-e sabz) means 'transition to a green economy'. 'بازنگری اساسی' (bāznegari-ye asāsī) means 'fundamental re-evaluation'.
تأمین معاش پایدار در بلندمدت، فراتر از صرفاً ایجاد شغل، نیازمند ایجاد اکوسیستمهای اقتصادی حمایتی و ارتقاء تابآوری جوامع در برابر شوکهای پیشبینیناپذیر است.
Ensuring sustainable livelihood in the long term, beyond merely creating jobs, requires establishing supportive economic ecosystems and enhancing community resilience against unpredictable shocks.
'اکوسیستمهای اقتصادی حمایتی' (ekosistem-hā-ye eqtesādi hemāyati) means 'supportive economic ecosystems'. 'تابآوری' (tāb-āvari) means 'resilience'.
پیامدهای عمیق اتوماسیون و هوش مصنوعی بر ساختار بازار کار، ایجاب میکند که سیاستگذاران به طور پیشگیرانه به تدوین راهکارهایی برای تضمین معاش افرادی که مشاغلشان در معرض دگرگونی قرار دارد، بپردازند.
The profound implications of automation and artificial intelligence on the labor market structure necessitate that policymakers proactively develop strategies to ensure the livelihood of individuals whose jobs are at risk of transformation.
'اتوماسیون' (otomāsiyōn) means 'automation'. 'ایجاب میکند' (ījāb mikonad) means 'necessitates' or 'requires'.
درک پیچیدگیهای رابطه میان توسعه تکنولوژیک و معاش سنتی، مستلزم نگاهی میانرشتهای و فراتر از تحلیلهای صرفاً اقتصادی است.
Understanding the complexities of the relationship between technological development and traditional livelihood requires an interdisciplinary perspective that transcends purely economic analyses.
'رابطه میان' (rābeteh miyān) means 'relationship between'. 'نگاهی میانرشتهای' (negāhī miyān-reshte-i) means 'an interdisciplinary perspective'.
تلاش برای دستیابی به عدالت اقتصادی و رفاه اجتماعی، بدون توجه جدی به تضمین معاش پایدار برای همه اقشار جامعه، امری واهی و دستنیافتنی خواهد بود.
The pursuit of economic justice and social welfare, without serious attention to ensuring sustainable livelihood for all segments of society, will be a futile and unattainable endeavor.
'عدالت اقتصادی' (edālat-e eqtesādi) means 'economic justice'. 'رفاه اجتماعی' (refāh-e ejtemā'ī) means 'social welfare'. 'امری واهی' (amrī vāhī) means 'a futile endeavor'.
تغییرات پارادایمی در بازار کار جهانی، ناشی از تحولات فناورانه و جهانیشدن، نیازمند بازاندیشی عمیق در مفهوم معاش و سازوکارهای حمایتی متناسب با قرن بیست و یکم است.
Paradigm shifts in the global labor market, resulting from technological advancements and globalization, necessitate a profound rethinking of the concept of livelihood and supportive mechanisms commensurate with the 21st century.
'تغییرات پارادایمی' (taghyīrāt-e pārādāymī) means 'paradigm shifts'. 'سازوکارهای حمایتی' (sāzokār-hā-ye hemāyati) means 'supportive mechanisms'.
자주 쓰는 조합
자주 쓰는 구문
— To secure livelihood; to provide the means for living.
او سخت کار میکند تا بتواند معاش خانوادهاش را تأمین کند.
— To make a living; to subsist.
بسیاری از مردم در روستاها با کشاورزی امرار معاش میکنند.
— Difficulty of livelihood; hardship in earning a living.
در دوران جنگ، دشواری معاش برای همه مشهود بود.
— Improvement of livelihood; better means of living.
دولت قول داد که به بهبود معاش مردم کمک کند.
— Regarding livelihood; concerning the means of living.
امروز در جلسه در مورد معاش کارگران بحث شد.
— Honorable livelihood; honest way of making a living.
او همیشه سعی کرده است که معاش شرافتمندانه داشته باشد.
— Livelihood problems; difficulties in earning a living.
بسیاری از مردم با مشکلات معاش دست و پنجه نرم میکنند.
자주 혼동되는 단어
'معاش' refers to the overall means of living and sustenance, often implying effort and sufficiency for basic needs. 'درآمد' specifically means income or earnings, the amount of money received. One can have income but still struggle for livelihood if it's insufficient or unstable.
'روزی' means sustenance or daily bread, often carrying a connotation of divine provision or fate. 'معاش' emphasizes the human effort and system involved in securing one's living, rather than solely relying on fate.
'کار' means work or job. It is the activity through which one might earn a livelihood ('معاش'), but it is not the livelihood itself. 'معاش' is the outcome or the means of survival derived from work.
관용어 및 표현
— Barely enough to live on; meager sustenance. It refers to a livelihood that just covers the absolute minimum necessities.
با این حقوق، فقط میتوان نان بخور و نمیر داشت.
Informal— To take away someone's livelihood; to cause someone to lose their job or source of income.
نباید با کارهایمان نان کسی را آجر کنیم.
Informal— God is the provider of sustenance. An expression of faith that one's livelihood will be provided, often used in difficult times.
نگران نباش، خدا روزیرسان است.
Religious/Informal— To beg or plead with someone for help to secure one's livelihood.
او مجبور شد برای معاش خود دست به دامن همسایهاش شود.
Formal/Literary— To covet others' livelihood; to be envious of someone's financial success or means of living.
به جای چشم به معاش دیگران داشتن، روی کار خودت تمرکز کن.
Informal— To cut off someone's livelihood; to deprive someone of their means of living, often by withholding resources or work.
آنها آب و نان او را قطع کردند تا مجبور به ترک خانه شود.
Formal/Serious— To earn one's livelihood through honest and lawful means.
مهم است که از راه حلال معاش کنیم.
Religious/Formal— Livelihood being secured with great difficulty; struggling to make ends meet.
در این شرایط، معاش به سختی تأمین میشود.
Formal— To make ends meet; to balance income and expenses. It relates to managing one's livelihood effectively.
با این حقوق، به سختی میتوان دخل و خرج را یکی کرد.
Informal— To rely on a weak or unreliable source for one's livelihood; to have a precarious source of income.
وابستگی به این شغل ناپایدار، مثل دست به ریسمان سست بستن است.
Formal/Figurative혼동하기 쉬운
Both relate to money earned and economic means.
'معاش' is the broader concept of livelihood – the system and sufficiency for living. 'درآمد' is specifically the income or money received. You secure your 'معاش' through your 'درآمد'. Example: He has a good income (درآمد خوب) but struggles with his livelihood (معاش سخت).
او درآمد بالایی دارد اما هنوز برای تأمین معاش خود نگران است.
Both refer to sustenance and provision for life.
'معاش' implies active effort, securing means, and maintaining a standard of living. 'روزی' often carries a more passive or fateful connotation, suggesting provision from a higher source or simply daily sustenance. 'معاش' is more about the economic system, 'روزی' is about the provision itself. Example: The farmer works hard for his livelihood (معاش), trusting God for his daily bread (روزی).
کشاورز با تلاش خود معاش را تأمین میکند و به روزی خدا امیدوار است.
Work is the primary means of earning a livelihood.
'کار' is the activity of working or the job itself. 'معاش' is the outcome of that work – the means to live. You do 'کار' to secure your 'معاش'. Example: He found a job (پیدا کردن کار) to earn his livelihood (تأمین معاش).
او شغلی پیدا کرد تا بتواند معاش خانوادهاش را تأمین کند.
Very similar in meaning, both relate to living and sustenance.
'معاش' often refers to an individual's or family's specific means of earning and living. 'معیشت' is frequently used in a more collective, societal, or academic context, referring to the general standard of living or economic well-being of a population. Example: The government aims to improve the people's livelihood (معیشت مردم), while an individual focuses on their own livelihood (معاش خود).
سیاستهای دولت برای بهبود معیشت عمومی طراحی شدهاند، اما هر فرد باید برای معاش خود تلاش کند.
Very close synonym, often used as a verb phrase.
'معاش' is the noun itself – the livelihood. 'امرار معاش' is often used as a verbal phrase, 'امرار معاش کردن' (to make a living), focusing on the *act* of sustaining oneself. They are largely interchangeable in meaning but differ in grammatical function. Example: He makes a living (امرار معاش میکند) through his livelihood (معاشش).
او با هنر خود امرار معاش میکند و معاشش از این راه تأمین میشود.
문장 패턴
Subject + برای + Noun + تأمین + معاش + Verb
پدرم برای خانوادهاش تأمین معاش میکند.
Noun + Subject + از + Noun + کسب + معاش + Verb
او از طریق نقاشی کسب معاش میکند.
Subject + با + Noun + امرار معاش + Verb
آنها با دامداری امرار معاش میکنند.
Noun + Subject + برای + Noun + معاش + Verb
دولت برای معاش کارگران برنامه دارد.
Noun + Subject + در + Noun + معاش + Verb
او در معاش خود با مشکل مواجه است.
Noun (Abstract) + Verb + Subject + Noun + معاش + Verb
تأمین معاش پایدار، نیازمند تلاش جمعی است.
Adjective + Noun + Subject + Verb + Noun + معاش
آنها به دنبال معاش شرافتمندانهتری هستند.
Noun + Subject + Verb + Noun + معاش + Preposition + Noun
تغییرات اقتصادی، معاش مردم را تحت تأثیر قرار داده است.
어휘 가족
명사
동사
형용사
관련
사용법
Medium to High in formal contexts, Low in informal spoken contexts.
-
Using 'معاش' in very casual conversation.
→
Use 'پول' (money) or 'خرج' (expenses) in informal settings.
'معاش' is generally formal. Saying 'I need money for my livelihood' casually might sound overly dramatic or out of place. Stick to simpler terms for everyday chat.
-
Confusing 'معاش' with 'درآمد'.
→
'معاش' is the means of living; 'درآمد' is the income.
'درآمد' is the money earned, while 'معاش' is what that money provides – the ability to live. You earn 'درآمد' to secure your 'معاش'.
-
Incorrect verb collocations.
→
Use verbs like 'تأمین کردن', 'کسب کردن', 'امرار معاش کردن'.
Verbs like 'خوردن' (to eat) or 'نوشتن' (to write) do not fit with 'معاش'. Focus on verbs related to securing, earning, or making a living.
-
Treating 'معاش' as a plural noun.
→
'معاش' is generally used as an uncountable noun.
You don't typically say 'معاشها' to mean multiple livelihoods. It refers to the concept or a singular means of living.
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Using 'معاش' when 'روزی' or 'رزق' would be more appropriate.
→
Use 'روزی' or 'رزق' for sustenance with a connotation of fate or divine provision.
'معاش' emphasizes human effort and economic systems. 'روزی' and 'رزق' often carry a more spiritual or fateful undertone of provision.
팁
Stress the Second Syllable
The word 'معاش' is stressed on the second syllable: ma-AASH. Practicing this stress pattern will make your pronunciation sound more natural to native speakers.
Learn Collocations
Memorizing common phrases like 'تأمین معاش' (to secure livelihood) and 'امرار معاش کردن' (to make a living) will significantly improve your fluency and accuracy when using the word.
Ezāfeh Usage
Pay attention to the 'ezāfeh' (ـِ) construction when connecting 'معاش' to another noun, such as 'معاشِ خانواده' (family's livelihood). This is a fundamental grammatical structure in Persian.
Visual Association
Try associating 'معاش' with an image of someone working diligently to provide for their family, perhaps in a slightly formal or serious setting, to reinforce its meaning.
Cultural Significance
Understand that 'معاش' is tied to cultural values of hard work, family provision, and dignity. Using it appropriately shows cultural awareness.
Sentence Construction
Actively try to create your own sentences using 'معاش' in different contexts. This hands-on practice is crucial for internalizing the word's usage.
Distinguish from Synonyms
Be aware of the subtle differences between 'معاش', 'درآمد', and 'روزی'. Knowing when to use each word will enhance your precision in Persian.
Listen to Native Speakers
Expose yourself to Persian media, especially news and documentaries, where 'معاش' is frequently used. This will help you grasp its natural context and pronunciation.
Formal Writing Practice
In your Persian writing assignments, especially essays or reports on social or economic topics, consciously try to incorporate 'معاش' where appropriate to practice its formal usage.
암기하기
기억법
Imagine a person named 'Mash' who is very concerned about his 'Ma's' 'cash' to ensure their livelihood. Say 'Ma's cash for Ma'āsh!'
시각적 연상
Picture a farmer diligently tending to crops (his livelihood) under a hot sun, sweating profusely. The sweat beads could look like the Persian letters.
Word Web
챌린지
Try to describe your own or someone else's job or way of earning money using the word 'معاش' in a sentence, focusing on the effort involved in securing it.
어원
The word 'معاش' originates from the Arabic root ع-ي-ش (ʿ-y-sh), which relates to living, life, and sustenance. It is closely related to words like 'عیش' (ʿaysh - life, living, enjoyment) and 'عاش' (āsh - lived). The form 'مَفْعَل' (maf'al) or 'مِفْعَل' (mif'al) often denotes a place or means, hence 'معاش' signifies the means of living.
원래 의미: Means of living, subsistence.
Semitic (Arabic origin, adopted into Persian)문화적 맥락
When discussing 'معاش,' particularly in contexts of poverty or economic hardship, it's important to be sensitive and empathetic. The term relates to fundamental human needs and dignity.
In English-speaking contexts, 'livelihood' is the closest equivalent, but 'ma'āsh' can sometimes carry a slightly more formal or socio-economic weight, especially when discussing policy or poverty.
실생활에서 연습하기
실제 사용 상황
Economic news and reports
- تأمین معاش کارگران
- وضعیت معاش مردم
- بهبود معاش
Discussions about employment and professions
- معاش از طریق کشاورزی
- کسب معاش شرافتمندانه
- مشکلات معاش
Social welfare and poverty discussions
- تأمین معاش خانواده
- معاش روزانه
- دشواری معاش
Literature and formal writing
- امرار معاش کردن
- معاش پایدار
- تلاش برای معاش
Political speeches and policy debates
- تضمین معاش شهروندان
- حمایت از معاش اقشار کمدرآمد
- برنامههای بهبود معاش
대화 시작하기
"What are the main ways people earn their livelihood in your country?"
"How has the concept of 'livelihood' changed over the generations?"
"What challenges do people face in securing their livelihood today?"
"Is it more important to have a job you love or a job that provides a secure livelihood?"
"How can a community support its members in securing their livelihood?"
일기 주제
Reflect on the efforts involved in securing your own or your family's livelihood. What are the biggest challenges and rewards?
Imagine a character in a story whose primary struggle is to secure their livelihood. Describe their daily life and the efforts they make.
Write about a time when you or someone you know faced difficulties in earning a living. How was the situation overcome?
Discuss the difference between simply earning money and having a secure livelihood. What makes a livelihood feel truly secure?
Consider the role of community support in ensuring everyone has a stable means of living. What initiatives could help?
자주 묻는 질문
10 질문'معاش' generally carries a formal tone. While it can be used in neutral contexts, it's less common in very casual, everyday conversations among friends about simple financial matters. In those situations, words like 'پول' (money) or 'خرج' (expenses) might be more appropriate. However, when discussing economic issues, social welfare, or the serious effort involved in earning a living, 'معاش' is the fitting and often preferred term.
'معاش' refers to the broader concept of livelihood – the means, resources, and stability required to live and cover necessities. 'درآمد' specifically means income or earnings, the amount of money received. You earn an 'درآمد' to secure your 'معاش'. For example, someone might have a high 'درآمد' but still face challenges with their 'معاش' if it's unstable or doesn't cover all their needs.
Generally, 'معاش' is used for humans and their means of living. For animals, terms like 'غذا' (food), 'خورااک' (rations), or specific terms related to their care (e.g., 'علوفه' for livestock feed) would be used. The concept of 'livelihood' as a human endeavor involving work and provision is central to 'معاش'.
The pronunciation is approximately /mæˈɑːʃ/. The stress is on the second syllable ('āsh'). The 'm' is standard, the 'ā' is a long 'ah' sound like in 'father', and 'sh' is like in 'shoe'. Practice saying 'ma-AHSH'.
While 'معاش' itself is not typically slang, slang phrases might incorporate the idea of livelihood. For example, the idiom 'نان بخور و نمیر' (barely enough to live on) relates to a meager livelihood. The word 'معاش' itself maintains a more formal or serious register, even when discussing difficult economic situations.
Very common verbs include 'تأمین کردن' (to secure/provide), 'کسب کردن' (to earn/gain), and 'امرار معاش کردن' (to make a living). You might also hear 'جستن' (to seek) or 'داشتن' (to have) in relation to livelihood.
No, 'معاش' is a general term for livelihood and does not imply a specific type of job. It can refer to the means of living obtained through any profession, trade, agriculture, or even assistance, as long as it provides for basic necessities.
'معاش' is typically used as an uncountable noun referring to the concept of livelihood. You wouldn't usually say 'معاشها' (ma'āsh-hā) to mean multiple livelihoods in the way you would pluralize other nouns. If discussing different means of earning, descriptive phrases are more common.
'معاش' often refers to an individual's or family's specific means of earning and living. 'معیشت' is frequently used in a more collective, societal, or academic context, referring to the general standard of living or economic well-being of a population.
While 'معاش' itself is not inherently religious, the concept of earning a living and sustenance often intersects with religious beliefs in Persian culture. Terms like 'روزی' (daily bread) and 'رزق' (sustenance, provision) are more directly linked to religious concepts of divine provision, but 'معاش' is the practical, human effort involved.
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Summary
Ma'āsh (معاش) is the Persian term for 'livelihood,' signifying the essential means, income, or resources required to sustain oneself and one's family, covering basic necessities and ensuring a fundamental standard of living. It emphasizes the effort and system involved in securing one's survival and well-being.
- Ma'āsh (معاش) means livelihood: the means to secure life's necessities.
- It's about earning enough to live, covering food, shelter, etc.
- Often used in formal contexts discussing work, economy, or survival.
- More than just money; it's the system of provision for life.
Context is Key
Remember that 'معاش' is generally more formal. Use it when discussing economic stability, job security, or the means of survival. For casual chats about money, stick to 'پول' or 'درآمد'.
Stress the Second Syllable
The word 'معاش' is stressed on the second syllable: ma-AASH. Practicing this stress pattern will make your pronunciation sound more natural to native speakers.
Learn Collocations
Memorizing common phrases like 'تأمین معاش' (to secure livelihood) and 'امرار معاش کردن' (to make a living) will significantly improve your fluency and accuracy when using the word.
Ezāfeh Usage
Pay attention to the 'ezāfeh' (ـِ) construction when connecting 'معاش' to another noun, such as 'معاشِ خانواده' (family's livelihood). This is a fundamental grammatical structure in Persian.
예시
او برای تامین معاش خانوادهاش سخت کار میکند.
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