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B1 adjective 9분 분량

محزون

mahzun

연습하기 예시 노트와 팁 محزون 30초 만에

설명 محزون in your Level:

At the A1 level, you usually learn 'ghamgin' (غمگین) for 'sad'. However, you might see 'mahzun' (محزون) in very simple storybooks or hear it in a famous song. At this stage, just remember that 'mahzun' is a special, 'extra' way to say someone is very sad. Think of it like the difference between 'sad' and 'mournful'. You don't need to use it in your daily speaking yet, but if you see it, know it means someone's heart is heavy. It's often used for music. If a song makes you want to cry, it might be a 'mahzun' song. Focus on recognizing the 'm-h-z-n' letters together. It's a formal word, so you won't hear it much when kids are talking, but you will hear it when adults talk about serious things or when they are reading beautiful poems. Just knowing it exists will help you sound more advanced later on!

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By A2, you are starting to see more adjectives. 'Mahzun' is an adjective that describes a deep feeling. You can use it in simple sentences like 'An mard mahzun ast' (That man is mournful). It's more formal than 'narahat' (upset). You might use it if you are talking about a movie that was very sad and serious. In Persian, we often use 'mahzun' to describe things like a 'chehreh' (face) or 'sedah' (voice). If someone looks like they have a big secret or a big sorrow, their face is 'mahzun'. It is important to know that this word comes from Arabic, and many 'm-something' words in Persian are adjectives. When you hear a very slow, sad piece of Iranian music, try saying 'In ahang mahzun ast'. This will show people you understand the feeling of the music, not just the words.

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At the B1 level, you should begin incorporating 'mahzun' into your written Persian and formal speech. It is the perfect word for describing literary themes or the atmosphere of a place. For example, if you are visiting an old, abandoned house, you might describe its 'faza' (atmosphere) as 'mahzun'. Unlike 'ghamgin', which is a general feeling, 'mahzun' suggests a certain quality of sorrow—one that is perhaps reflective or tragic. You should also be able to use it with the 'Ezafe' construction: 'neghah-e mahzun' (a mournful look). This level is where you distinguish between registers; 'ghamgin' is for your friend who lost their keys, while 'mahzun' is for the protagonist of a tragic novel. It's also a great word to use when writing about your feelings in a journal or a formal essay about Iranian culture, where the concept of 'huzn' (melancholy) is very significant.

At B2, you are expected to understand the nuance between 'mahzun' and its many synonyms like 'maghmum', 'hazin', and 'afsordeh'. You should recognize that 'mahzun' carries a poetic weight and is often used in artistic criticism. For instance, you might analyze a poem by saying the 'lahn' (tone) is 'mahzun' because it reflects the poet's 'hasrat' (regret). You can also use it in more complex grammatical structures, such as 'mahzunaneh' (the adverbial form, meaning mournfully). Example: 'او محزونانه به عکس‌ها نگاه کرد' (He looked at the photos mournfully). You should also be comfortable using it in professional or formal settings, such as giving a speech or writing a report on a sensitive social issue. It conveys a level of empathy and seriousness that 'ghamgin' lacks. Understanding the cultural 'prestige' of being 'mahzun' in Persian arts is key at this level.

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At the C1 level, 'mahzun' should be part of your active sophisticated vocabulary. You should be able to use it to discuss abstract concepts like 'melancholy' in Iranian philosophy or the 'mahzun' aesthetics of the Qajar era paintings. You will encounter it in classical texts where it might be paired with complex imagery. At this stage, you should also be aware of its derivatives and how it interacts with the root 'H-Z-N' in other Arabic-loanwords in Persian. You can use it to describe subtle shifts in tone in a political speech or a piece of high literature. It’s not just about being 'sad'; it's about the 'existential mournfulness' that characterizes much of Persian thought. You should be able to use it to contrast different emotional states in a single sentence, showing a high level of linguistic control and cultural awareness.

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At the C2 level, you have a masterly grasp of 'mahzun'. You understand its historical evolution in Persian literature, from its early use in epic poetry to its modern applications in cinema and contemporary prose. You can discuss the 'ontology of the mahzun soul' in the works of Sadegh Hedayat or the specific 'mahzun' quality of a particular 'radif' in Persian music. You use the word with perfect precision, knowing exactly when 'mahzun' is superior to 'hazin' or 'deltang' based on the rhythmic and emotional requirements of your sentence. You can also appreciate and use the word in its most abstract sense, perhaps describing a historical period or a philosophical outlook as 'mahzun'. Your usage reflects a deep integration into the Persian-speaking world's emotional and intellectual landscape, where 'mahzun' is not just a word, but a state of being often associated with wisdom and depth.

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연습하기 예시 노트와 팁

محزون 30초 만에

Mahzun is a formal Persian adjective meaning 'mournful' or 'sorrowful', used for deep emotions.
It is more literary than the common word 'ghamgin' and often describes music, poetry, or faces.
The word originates from the Arabic root H-Z-N, which is also the base for 'huzn' (sadness).
Use it to convey a serious, poetic, or dignified sense of grief rather than casual unhappiness.

The Persian word محزون (pronounced as 'mah-zun') is a profound adjective that translates most accurately to 'mournful', 'sorrowful', or 'deeply sad'. While the word 'ghamgin' (غمگین) is the most common way to say 'sad' in everyday Persian, mahzun carries a heavier, more poetic, and often more formal weight. It describes an emotional state that isn't just a fleeting feeling of unhappiness but a deep-seated sorrow that often manifests in one's voice, face, or artistic expression. You will encounter this word frequently in classical Persian literature, melancholic music (especially traditional Iranian music or 'Avaz'), and formal storytelling. It suggests a sense of grief or a heart heavy with loss. When someone is described as mahzun, it implies that their sadness is visible and perhaps even beautiful in its melancholy.

Emotional Depth: Unlike the simple 'sadness' of losing a toy, this word reflects a soul-deep sorrow, often linked to tragedy or profound longing.

صدای او در هنگام خواندن آن آواز، بسیار محزون بود. (His voice was very mournful while singing that song.)

In a social context, using this word rather than 'ghamgin' elevates the conversation. It shows a sophisticated grasp of Persian vocabulary. For example, if you are describing a movie that moved you to tears because of its tragic ending, calling it a 'film-e mahzun' (a mournful film) suggests that the sadness had a certain dignity or artistic merit. It is also used to describe melodies. In Persian music theory, certain 'Dastgahs' (modes) like 'Homayoun' or 'Dashti' are frequently described as having a mahzun atmosphere, evoking a sense of nostalgic yearning and spiritual grief.

Linguistic Origin: Derived from the Arabic root H-Z-N (حزن), which means sadness or grief, it has been a staple of Persian literature for centuries.

چرا سیمای تو امروز این‌قدر محزون است؟ (Why is your face so sorrowful today?)

Furthermore, the word is often paired with 'del' (heart) to create the image of a 'del-e mahzun' (a sorrowful heart), a common trope in Persian poetry. This phrase encapsulates the idea of someone who carries a burden of love or loss within them. Understanding mahzun is a gateway to understanding the 'culture of melancholy' that is often celebrated in Iranian arts, where sadness is seen as a path to spiritual depth and empathy.

Using محزون correctly requires understanding its role as an adjective. It typically follows the noun it modifies using the 'Ezafe' construction (the short 'e' sound connecting words) or acts as a predicate after the verb 'to be' (budan). Because it is a formal and emotionally charged word, it is rarely used for trivial matters. You wouldn't say you are mahzun because you ran out of milk; you would use it to describe a person's state after a major life event or the quality of a piece of art.

Describing People: When describing a person, it often refers to their appearance or their overall demeanor. 'Mard-e mahzun' means 'the mournful man'.

او با نگاهی محزون به افق خیره شده بود. (He was staring at the horizon with a mournful gaze.)

In grammatical structures, you can use it with intensive adverbs like 'besyar' (very) or 'kheyli' (very) to emphasize the depth of the sorrow. However, 'besyar' is more stylistically appropriate for the formal tone of mahzun. For example, 'besyar mahzun shodam' (I became very sorrowful) is a common way to express condolences or reaction to tragic news in a formal letter or speech.

Describing Art and Music: This is perhaps the most common use. 'Ahang-e mahzun' (a sad song) or 'dastan-e mahzun' (a mournful story).

این قطعه موسیقی بسیار محزون و تاثیرگذار است. (This piece of music is very mournful and moving.)

Another common pattern is using it as an adverbial phrase 'ba lahne-ye mahzun' (with a mournful tone). This is used to describe how someone speaks. 'Ba lahne-ye mahzun goft...' (He said with a mournful tone...). This construction is very frequent in novels and scripts to indicate the emotional state of a character during dialogue. By using mahzun, the writer conveys a specific type of sadness—one that is heavy, resonant, and perhaps reflective of a tragic past.

If you are navigating daily life in Tehran, you might not hear 'mahzun' at the grocery store or while haggling for a taxi. However, as soon as you turn on the radio to a classical music station, attend a poetry reading (Shab-e Sher), or watch a period drama on television, the word محزون becomes ubiquitous. It is a 'high-register' word. In Iranian culture, there is a deep appreciation for 'huzn' (the noun form of sadness), which is often viewed as a sign of intellectual and spiritual maturity. Therefore, critics and scholars use mahzun to describe the works of great poets like Hafez or Rumi when they touch upon themes of separation and longing.

Traditional Music (Avaz): Singers like Mohammad-Reza Shajarian often perform 'tasnifs' that are described as mahzun because they evoke a sense of historical and personal grief.

اشعار او همیشه تمی محزون و عارفانه دارند. (His poems always have a mournful and mystical theme.)

You will also hear this word during religious commemorations, such as the month of Muharram. The elegies (Noheh) sung during this time are intentionally mahzun to help the listeners connect with the tragedy being recounted. In this context, the word isn't just a description; it's an aesthetic goal. The ability to create a mahzun atmosphere is considered a skill for a reciter or a musician, as it requires a deep understanding of human suffering and the ability to translate it into sound.

News and Media: When a national figure passes away, news anchors will use 'mahzun' to describe the mood of the nation.

امروز تمام شهر فضایی محزون به خود گرفته است. (Today, the entire city has taken on a mournful atmosphere.)

Finally, in formal correspondence, such as a letter of condolence, 'mahzun' is the standard choice. Writing 'man ghamgin hastam' (I am sad) to a grieving family might sound too casual or even slightly childish. Writing 'az in khabar besyar mahzun shodam' (I became very sorrowful from this news) shows respect and a shared sense of gravity. It acknowledges that the situation is serious and warrants a higher level of linguistic expression.

The most common mistake learners make with محزون is using it in informal settings where it feels out of place. It is a 'heavy' word, so using it for minor disappointments can sound melodramatic or even sarcastic. For instance, if you lose your pen, saying 'man mahzun hastam' would likely make a native speaker chuckle because the word is too 'big' for the situation. In such cases, stick to 'narahat' (upset) or 'ghamgin' (sad).

Confusing with 'Hazin' (حزین): While very similar, 'hazin' is often used more specifically for sounds or voices. 'Mahzun' is more general for states of being or atmospheres.

اشتباه: من برای نمره امتحانم محزون هستم. (Mistake: I am 'mournful' about my exam grade.)

Another mistake is grammatical: forgetting that mahzun is an adjective and not a verb. You cannot 'mahzun' something. You must use it with a linking verb like 'shodan' (to become) or 'budan' (to be). Also, pay attention to the pronunciation. The 'h' (ح) is a soft breathy sound in Persian, not a harsh 'kh' (خ). Pronouncing it as 'makhzun' would be a significant error and could lead to confusion with other words.

Register Mismatch: Using it in slang or very casual text messages might seem odd unless you are being intentionally poetic or dramatic.

درست: او پس از مرگ دوستش روزهای محزونی را سپری کرد. (Correct: He spent mournful days after his friend's death.)

Finally, learners sometimes confuse mahzun with 'afsordeh' (depressed). While a mahzun person is certainly sad, 'afsordeh' implies a clinical or long-term state of depression. Mahzun is more about the external expression of sorrow or the poetic quality of grief. You can be mahzun for an evening while listening to music, but you wouldn't say you are 'depressed' just for that duration.

Persian is a language incredibly rich in 'emotional' vocabulary. Understanding where محزون fits among its synonyms will help you choose the right word for the right moment. The most direct alternative is 'ghamgin' (غمگین). If 'ghamgin' is the color blue, then 'mahzun' is a deep navy or indigo. It's the same family of emotion but with more saturation and weight. Another close relative is 'hazin' (حزین), which is almost interchangeable but often specifically describes a pathetic or heart-rending sound.

Mahzun vs. Ghamgin: Ghamgin is everyday sadness; Mahzun is literary or profound sorrow.
Mahzun vs. Deltang: Deltang specifically means 'homesick' or 'missing someone' (literally 'tight-hearted').

او نه تنها محزون، بلکه کاملاً ناامید بود. (He was not only mournful but completely hopeless.)

For an even higher level of intensity, you might use 'sugvar' (سوگوار), which specifically means 'mourning' (as in after a death). While a mahzun person is sad, a 'sugvar' person is in the formal process of mourning. On the other end of the spectrum, 'pazhmardeh' (پژمرده) literally means 'withered' like a flower, and is used to describe someone who looks physically drained and sad. This is a very descriptive and visual alternative to mahzun.

Mahzun vs. Maghmum: Maghmum (مغموم) is another Arabic-rooted synonym, often implying a sadness that is stifling or heavy, like a cloud over the head.

نوای محزون نی در سکوت شب پیچید. (The mournful sound of the reed flute echoed in the silence of the night.)

When choosing between these, consider the 'texture' of the sadness. Is it a sharp pain? (Use 'dardnak'). Is it a slow, lingering sorrow? (Use mahzun). Is it a feeling of being let down? (Use 'narahat'). By mastering these nuances, you move beyond basic communication and start to express the real complexity of human emotion in Persian, which is highly valued in Iranian culture and social interaction.

How Formal Is It?

재미있는 사실

The root H-Z-N is one of the most productive roots in Arabic-Persian vocabulary relating to emotions. It is even mentioned in the Quran to describe the state of the believers' hearts.

발음 가이드

UK /mæhˈzuːn/

US /mɑːhˈzuːn/

The stress is on the second syllable: mah-ZUN.

라임이 맞는 단어

افزون (afzun) بیرون (birun) دگرگون (degargun) مجنون (majnun) مدفون (madfun) گردون (gardun) همایون (homayun) وارون (varun)

자주 하는 실수

Pronouncing 'h' as 'kh' (makh-zun).
Pronouncing the 'u' as a short sound (mah-zun instead of mah-zoon).
Missing the soft 'h' entirely (ma-zun).
Stressing the first syllable.
Confusing the 'z' with a 'zh' sound.

난이도

독해 3/5

Easy to recognize in texts but requires understanding of context.

쓰기 4/5

Requires knowing when to choose it over 'ghamgin'.

말하기 4/5

Might sound too formal if used in the wrong conversation.

듣기 3/5

Common in media and music; easy to hear the 'zun' ending.

다음에 무엇을 배울까

선수 학습

غمگین (ghamgin) ناراحت (narahat) دل (del) صدا (seda) شدن (shodan)

다음에 배울 것

مغموم (maghmum) حزین (hazin) اندوهگین (anduhgin) متاثر (mota'asser) سوگوار (sugvar)

고급

تغزل (taghazzol) مرثیه (marsiyeh) حرمان (herman)

알아야 할 문법

Ezafe Construction

صدایِ محزون (Seda-ye mahzun) - The mournful voice.

Adverb Formation with -aneh

او محزونانه (mahzun-aneh) گریست. - He cried mournfully.

Using 'shodan' for state change

او محزون شد. (He became mournful.)

Intensifiers with formal adjectives

بسیار محزون (Very mournful) is better than خیلی محزون in formal writing.

Indefinite 'i'

او نگاهی محزون داشت. (He had a mournful look.)

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수준별 예문

آن مرد بسیار محزون است.

That man is very mournful.

Simple subject + adjective + verb 'to be'.

این آهنگ محزون است.

This song is mournful.

Demonstrative pronoun 'in' (this) + noun + adjective.

او محزون شد.

He became sad.

Use of 'shodan' (to become) as a linking verb.

چرا محزون هستی؟

Why are you mournful?

Question word 'chera' (why) + adjective + verb.

داستان محزونی بود.

It was a mournful story.

Adjective following the noun with Ezafe.

او نگاه محزونی دارد.

He has a mournful look.

Noun + adjective + 'dashtan' (to have).

گل‌ها محزون به نظر می‌رسند.

The flowers look mournful.

Plural noun + adjective + 'be nazar residan' (to look/seem).

امروز هوا محزون است.

Today the weather is mournful.

Using 'mahzun' metaphorically for weather.

صدای محزون او را شنیدم.

I heard his mournful voice.

Direct object with 'ra'.

او با چهره‌ای محزون وارد شد.

He entered with a mournful face.

Prepositional phrase 'ba' (with).

فیلم خیلی محزون تمام شد.

The movie ended very mournfully.

Adjective used to describe the state of the ending.

نامه‌ای محزون برایش نوشتم.

I wrote a mournful letter to him.

Indefinite 'i' attached to the adjective.

او همیشه محزون به نظر می‌آید.

He always seems mournful.

Adverb 'hamisheh' (always) + 'be nazar amadan'.

با شنیدن خبر، محزون شدیم.

Upon hearing the news, we became mournful.

Gerund-like construction 'ba shenidan' (with hearing).

این اتاق فضای محزونی دارد.

This room has a mournful atmosphere.

Describing 'faza' (atmosphere).

او لبخندی محزون بر لب داشت.

He had a mournful smile on his lips.

Oxymoron 'labkhand-e mahzun'.

شاعر با بیانی محزون از تنهایی گفت.

The poet spoke of loneliness with a mournful expression.

Formal noun 'bayan' (expression/statement).

غروب پاییز همیشه محزون است.

The autumn sunset is always mournful.

Temporal noun 'ghorub' (sunset).

او با لحنی محزون عذرخواهی کرد.

He apologized with a mournful tone.

Describing 'lahn' (tone).

پایان آن رمان بسیار محزون بود.

The end of that novel was very mournful.

Genitive construction 'payan-e an roman'.

او پس از سفر، محزون و ساکت شده بود.

After the trip, he had become mournful and quiet.

Past perfect 'shodeh bud' + compound adjectives.

تصویر محزونی از فقر در فیلم دیدیم.

We saw a mournful image of poverty in the film.

Using 'tasvir' (image/picture).

او برای از دست دادن گربه‌اش محزون بود.

He was mournful for losing his cat.

Preposition 'baraye' (for/because of).

این موسیقی محزون مرا به یاد گذشته می‌اندازد.

This mournful music reminds me of the past.

Causative phrase 'be yad andakhtan' (to remind).

نویسنده فضایی محزون و نوستالژیک خلق کرده است.

The author has created a mournful and nostalgic atmosphere.

Present perfect 'khalgh kardeh ast'.

او محزونانه به جاده‌ی خالی خیره شده بود.

He was staring mournfully at the empty road.

Adverbial form 'mahzunaneh'.

در چشمانش غمی محزون و عمیق دیده می‌شد.

A mournful and deep sadness could be seen in his eyes.

Passive voice 'dideh mishod'.

این شعر، حکایتی محزون از عشقی نافرجام است.

This poem is a mournful tale of an unrequited love.

Complex noun phrase 'hekayati mahzun az...'.

او با وجود موفقیت، هنوز قلبی محزون داشت.

Despite success, he still had a mournful heart.

Concessive phrase 'ba vojud-e' (despite).

صدای محزون نی در کوهستان می‌پیچید.

The mournful sound of the reed flute echoed in the mountains.

Imperfect tense 'mipichid'.

او از این که نتوانسته بود کمک کند، محزون بود.

He was mournful because he hadn't been able to help.

Subordinate clause with 'az in ke'.

روزهای محزون جدایی بالاخره به پایان رسید.

The mournful days of separation finally came to an end.

Subject is a complex noun phrase.

آثار او بازتابی از دوران محزون جنگ است.

His works are a reflection of the mournful era of war.

Noun 'baztab' (reflection) + Ezafe.

او در تنهایی خویش، نغمه‌ای محزون سر می‌داد.

In his solitude, he would sing a mournful melody.

Literary verb 'sar dadan' (to sing/utter).

نگاه محزون او گویای دردی بی‌پایان بود.

Her mournful gaze was indicative of an endless pain.

Adjective 'guya' (indicative/expressive).

این قطعه با تمی محزون آغاز می‌شود و به اوج می‌رسد.

This piece begins with a mournful theme and reaches a climax.

Describing musical structure.

فیلسوف با نگاهی محزون به وضعیت بشر می‌نگریست.

The philosopher looked at the human condition with a mournful gaze.

Formal verb 'negaristan' (to look).

او در اشعارش از دنیایی محزون و بی‌وفا گلایه می‌کرد.

In his poems, he complained about a mournful and unfaithful world.

Verb 'gelayeh kardan' (to complain/lament).

صدای محزون اذان در غروب، دل را می‌لرزاند.

The mournful sound of the call to prayer at sunset makes the heart tremble.

Metaphorical use of 'larzandan' (to shake/tremble).

او با وجود لبخند، روحی محزون و خسته داشت.

Despite the smile, he had a mournful and tired soul.

Contrasting 'ruh' (soul) with appearance.

هستی‌شناسی او بر پایه‌ی درکی محزون از زمان بنا شده است.

His ontology is built upon a mournful understanding of time.

Academic terminology 'hastishenasi' (ontology).

این موسیقی، تجسمی صوتی از یک روح محزون است.

This music is an auditory embodiment of a mournful soul.

Noun 'tajasom' (embodiment).

او در بطن این زیبایی، حقیقتی محزون را جستجو می‌کرد.

In the heart of this beauty, he sought a mournful truth.

Prepositional phrase 'dar batn-e' (in the heart/womb of).

اشعار او میان حماسه و تغزلی محزون در نوسان است.

His poems fluctuate between epic and a mournful lyricism.

Verb 'navasan kardan' (to fluctuate).

او با قلمی محزون، زوال یک تمدن را به تصویر کشید.

With a mournful pen, he depicted the decline of a civilization.

Metaphorical 'ghalam' (pen/style).

این سکوت محزون، گویاتر از هر فریادی است.

This mournful silence is more eloquent than any shout.

Comparative 'guyatar' (more eloquent).

او در دیالوگ‌هایش، طنزی محزون و تلخ را به کار می‌برد.

In his dialogues, he employs a mournful and bitter irony.

Describing literary 'tanz' (irony/humor).

تجربه‌ی غربت، او را به انسانی محزون و خودنگر بدل کرد.

The experience of exile turned him into a mournful and introspective human.

Verb 'badal kardan' (to transform/turn into).

자주 쓰는 조합

صدای محزون

چهره‌ی محزون

آهنگ محزون

نگاه محزون

داستان محزون

لحن محزون

فضای محزون

قلب محزون

غروب محزون

خاطرات محزون

자주 쓰는 구문

بسیار محزون شدن

— To become very sorrowful. Used when hearing bad news.

از شنیدن خبر فوت ایشان بسیار محزون شدم.

محزون و ناامید

— Mournful and hopeless. A common pairing in literature.

او محزون و ناامید به خانه برگشت.

دلِ محزون

— A sorrowful heart. Very common in poetry.

دل محزون مرا تسلی بده.

لبخند محزون

— A sad/mournful smile. Used for bittersweet moments.

لبخندی محزون بر لبانش نقش بست.

نوای محزون

— A mournful melody/sound. Used for music or nature.

نوای محزون نی از دور شنیده می‌شد.

چشمان محزون

— Mournful eyes. Describing someone's deep sadness.

چشمان محزونش گویای همه چیز بود.

فضای محزون حاکم

— The prevailing mournful atmosphere.

فضای محزونی بر جلسه حاکم بود.

روزگار محزون

— Sorrowful times/era.

او در روزگاری محزون زندگی می‌کرد.

بیان محزون

— Mournful expression or delivery.

بیان محزون او همه را متاثر کرد.

حکایت محزون

— A mournful tale.

این حکایت محزونِ عشقِ آن‌هاست.

자주 혼동되는 단어

محزون vs حزین (hazin)

Hazin is almost identical but often used for sounds. Mahzun is broader.

محزون vs مخزن (makhzan)

Makhzan means 'reservoir' or 'storehouse'. Don't confuse the 'kh' with the 'h'.

محزون vs محزون (mahzun) vs. محزون (Arabic pronunciation)

In Persian, the 'h' is much softer than in original Arabic.

관용어 및 표현

"با دلی محزون"

— With a sorrowful heart. Used to describe doing something while feeling deep grief.

او با دلی محزون شهر را ترک کرد.

Formal

"محزون و شکسته"

— Mournful and broken. Describes someone devastated by loss.

او پس از آن حادثه، محزون و شکسته شد.

Literary

"نغمه‌ی محزون سر دادن"

— To start a mournful song or lament.

مرغ شب نغمه‌ای محزون سر داد.

Poetic

"در سوگ محزون بودن"

— To be in a state of mournful grief for someone.

او هنوز در سوگ برادرش محزون است.

Formal

"محزونِ روزگار"

— Saddened by the world/times.

او پیری محزونِ روزگار بود.

Literary

"سیمای محزون"

— Mournful countenance/visage.

سیمای محزون او نشان از دردهای نهان داشت.

Formal

"آه محزون"

— A mournful sigh.

آهی محزون از سینه‌اش برآمد.

Poetic

"خلوت محزون"

— Mournful solitude.

او در خلوت محزون خود به فکر فرو رفت.

Literary

"اشک محزون"

— Mournful tears.

اشک‌های محزونش بر گونه جاری شد.

Poetic

"وداع محزون"

— A mournful farewell.

آن‌ها وداعی محزون در ایستگاه قطار داشتند.

Formal

혼동하기 쉬운

محزون vs غمگین (ghamgin)

Both mean sad.

Ghamgin is common/everyday; Mahzun is formal/poetic.

I am sad (ghamgin) I lost my pen vs. The music was mournful (mahzun).

محزون vs افسرده (afsordeh)

Both relate to sadness.

Afsordeh means 'depressed' (long term); Mahzun is an emotional state/quality.

He has depression (afsordeh) vs. He looks mournful (mahzun) today.

محزون vs دلتنگ (deltang)

Both are sad feelings.

Deltang is specifically 'missing someone'; Mahzun is general sorrow.

I miss my mom (deltang) vs. The poem was mournful (mahzun).

محزون vs متاثر (mota'asser)

Used in similar formal contexts.

Mota'asser means 'affected' or 'moved' (often by sadness).

I was moved (mota'asser) by the news vs. I became mournful (mahzun).

محزون vs ناراحت (narahat)

General word for not being happy.

Narahat is very broad (upset, uncomfortable); Mahzun is specific to sorrow.

This chair is uncomfortable (narahat) vs. His eyes are mournful (mahzun).

문장 패턴

[Subject] + [mahzun] + [ast/hast].

او محزون است.

[Subject] + [mahzun] + [shodan].

من محزون شدم.

[Noun] + [e] + [mahzun] + [verb].

صدای محزون او آمد.

[Ba] + [lahne/chehreh-ye] + [mahzun] + [verb].

با چهره‌ای محزون گفت...

[Subject] + [mahzunaneh] + [verb].

او محزونانه خندید.

[Noun phrase] + [mahzun] + [be nazar residan].

اوضاع کمی محزون به نظر می‌رسد.

[Az] + [Noun] + [besyar mahzun shodam].

از این واقعه بسیار محزون شدم.

[Abstract Noun] + [i] + [mahzun] + [dar batn-e] + [Noun].

حقیقتی محزون در بطن این زیبایی است.

어휘 가족

명사

حزن (huzn) - sadness/grief

محزونی (mahzuni) - the state of being mournful

동사

محزون کردن (mahzun kardan) - to make mournful

محزون شدن (mahzun shodan) - to become mournful

형용사

محزون (mahzun) - mournful

حزین (hazin) - sad/pathetic

사용법

frequency

Common in literature, music, and formal news; rare in casual street slang.

자주 하는 실수

Using 'mahzun' for losing a small object. → Use 'narahat' or 'ghamgin'.
Mahzun is too formal and heavy for minor inconveniences.
Pronouncing it as 'makhzun'. → Pronounce with a soft 'h' (mah-zun).
The 'kh' sound changes the word entirely or makes it unintelligible.
Using it as a verb without 'shodan' or 'budan'. → من محزون شدم (I became mournful).
Mahzun is an adjective and cannot function as a verb on its own.
Confusing 'mahzun' with 'afsordeh' (depressed). → Use 'mahzun' for a state of sorrow, 'afsordeh' for a clinical condition.
Afsordeh implies a deeper, often longer-lasting psychological state.
Using 'mahzun' in a very slang-heavy sentence. → Stick to 'ghamgin' or slang terms like 'poker'.
The registers clash, making the sentence sound awkward or sarcastic.

팁

Register Awareness

Always remember that 'mahzun' is a 'heavy' word. Use it for serious topics like literature, loss, or deep music.

Soft H

Keep the 'h' sound light. If you make it too heavy, you might be confused with the word 'makhzan' (storehouse).

Poetic Pairings

Try pairing 'mahzun' with 'del' (heart) or 'neghah' (look) in your writing to sound more like a native writer.

Sadness as Depth

Understand that in Iran, being 'mahzun' in art is often a compliment, implying the work has soul and depth.

Adverbial Use

Don't forget 'mahzunaneh'. It's a great way to describe how someone is acting or speaking in a story.

Music Search

Search for 'Ahang-e Mahzun' on YouTube to hear the kind of music that Persians describe with this word.

Condolences

Keep this word in your pocket for formal letters of sympathy; it sounds much more sincere than 'ghamgin'.

Context Clues

If you see 'mahzun' in a text, look for other words like 'geryeh' (crying) or 'huzn' (grief) to confirm the tone.

Root Recognition

Learn the root H-Z-N. It will help you recognize 'huzn', 'hazin', and 'mahzun' all at once.

Tone of Voice

When you say 'mahzun', try to match your tone to the word—slow and slightly lower in pitch.

암기하기

기억법

Think of a 'Moon' (sounds like the end of mahzun) looking down at a sad person. A 'Mah-zun' person is as sad as a dark night with a lonely moon.

시각적 연상

Imagine a person sitting by a window on a rainy day, holding a cup of tea and looking at an old photograph. The 'blue' and 'grey' colors represent the 'mahzun' feeling.

Word Web

غمگین (ghamgin) موسیقی (musiqi) شعر (sher) گریه (geryeh) تنهایی (tanhayi) حزن (huzn) دل (del) چهره (chehreh)

챌린지

Try to write three sentences describing your favorite sad movie using 'mahzun' instead of 'ghamgin'.

어원

Mahzun is a loanword from Arabic. It is the passive participle of the verb 'hazana' (حَزَنَ), which means 'to make sad' or 'to grieve'. It entered the Persian language early in the Islamic period and became fully integrated.

원래 의미: One who is made sad or one who is in a state of grief.

Semitic (Arabic root) integrated into Indo-European (Persian).

문화적 맥락

Be careful using 'mahzun' for trivial things as it might sound like you are mocking the person's minor problem.

English speakers might use 'melancholy' or 'mournful' in similar high-register contexts, but 'sad' is much more common in English than 'mahzun' is in daily Persian.

The poetry of Hafez often explores 'huzn' and 'mahzun' states of the lover. The 'Dashti' mode in Persian music is the quintessential 'mahzun' melody. Sadegh Hedayat's 'The Blind Owl' is filled with mahzun imagery.

실생활에서 연습하기

실제 사용 상황

Funerals or Condolences

بسیار محزون شدم
خانواده محزون
تسلیت برای این اتفاق محزون
دلی محزون

Music and Art Criticism

آهنگ محزون
صدای محزون خواننده
تم محزون اثر
فضای محزون تابلو

Literature and Poetry

شعر محزون
داستان محزون
قهرمان محزون
پایان محزون

Describing People's Mood

چهره محزون
نگاه محزون
لحن محزون
حالت محزون

Nature and Atmosphere

غروب محزون
پاییز محزون
خانه محزون
شب محزون

대화 시작하기

"آیا تا به حال فیلمی دیده‌ای که پایانش خیلی محزون باشد؟"

"به نظر تو چرا موسیقی سنتی ایران این‌قدر محزون است؟"

"وقتی محزون هستی، ترجیح می‌دهی تنها باشی یا با دوستانت؟"

"کدام فصل برای تو فضای محزون‌تری دارد؟"

"آیا کتابی می‌شناسی که داستانی محزون اما زیبا داشته باشد؟"

일기 주제

درباره زمانی بنویسید که یک آهنگ محزون شما را به یاد خاطره‌ای دور انداخت.

توصیف کنید که یک 'چهره محزون' از نظر شما چه ویژگی‌هایی دارد.

آیا فکر می‌کنید محزون بودن می‌تواند جنبه‌ی زیبایی هم داشته باشد؟ چرا؟

نامه‌ای محزون (فرضی) به یک دوست قدیمی بنویسید و از دلتنگی‌هایتان بگویید.

تفاوت بین 'غمگین بودن' و 'محزون بودن' را از دیدگاه خودتان توضیح دهید.

자주 묻는 질문

10 질문

Yes, it is very common to describe someone's face (chehreh), look (neghah), or state of being as mahzun, especially if their sadness is deep or poetic.

No, 'ghamgin' is the most common word for 'sad'. 'Mahzun' is a higher-register word used in literature, music, and formal situations.

In Persian, the 'h' (ح) is pronounced like a soft, breathy 'h' in English (as in 'heart'). Do not pronounce it as the raspy 'kh' (خ).

No, it is frequently used to describe music, stories, poems, sunsets, and even the 'atmosphere' (faza) of a place.

In Persian culture, a 'mahzun' quality in art is often highly valued and seen as 'beautiful' or 'deep', so in an artistic sense, it can be a positive attribute.

The adverb form is 'mahzunaneh' (محزونانه), which means 'mournfully' or 'sadly'.

Yes, it is considered formal and literary. You would use it in an essay or a poem more often than in a casual text message.

The most common opposites are 'shad' (happy) or 'khoshhal' (glad). A more formal opposite would be 'm Masrur' (joyous).

Not necessarily. It implies a state of sorrow or a mournful quality, whereas 'afsordeh' is the word for 'depressed' in a more psychological sense.

Yes, saying 'besyar mahzun shodam' (I became very sorrowful) is a very polite and formal way to express condolences.

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