A1 · 초급 챕터 11

Identifying People and Things

6 총 규칙
63 예문
6 분
이 챕터의 규칙 빠른 연습

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of identifying people and objects with confidence in any French-speaking environment.

  • Identify yourself and others using essential French subject pronouns.
  • Distinguish between formal and informal social interactions.
  • Point out specific items using demonstrative markers like voici and celui-ci.
Identify anyone and anything with total French confidence.

배울 내용

Hey there, future French speaker! Ready to master identifying people and things with total confidence? This awesome chapter is designed for exactly that! First, you'll learn how to talk about yourself and others using French subject pronouns like 'I,' 'you,' 'he/she,' and more. These are the fundamental building blocks of every sentence, helping you express yourself with ease. Then, we tackle a crucial part: knowing when to use 'Tu' (informal you) and when to use 'Vous' (formal or plural you). This way, you'll know exactly how to be friendly with friends and respectful in formal settings. Hold on, there's more! You'll discover how to say 'we,' whether you're hanging out with pals or need to sound more professional in a work environment. Now, imagine you're in a café in Paris and want to point to that delicious croissant. This is where 'this one' and 'that one' (celui-ci) come to your rescue! You'll even learn how to use 'Voici' (here it is) and 'Voilà' (there it is) to announce people or things, making your communication super clear and cool. After this chapter, you won't just speak correctly, you'll sound like a true French native! You'll be able to confidently introduce yourself and others, point out items in shops without hesitation, and even make casual conversations sound more natural with a charming accent. Don't worry, learning it is easier and more exciting than you think! Let's go!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Correctly use subject pronouns in basic sentences.

챕터 가이드

Overview

Welcome, future French speaker, to an exciting chapter designed to build your confidence in identifying people and things! This guide is perfect for A1 French grammar learners, laying down the essential linguistic bricks you'll need for everyday conversations. Mastering these concepts is crucial for anyone beginning their journey in French, as they form the backbone of expressing who you are, who others are, and what items you're referring to.
You'll move beyond simple greetings to truly engage with the world around you in French. We'll delve into fundamental concepts like French subject pronouns (Je, Tu, Il, Elle, Nous, Vous, Ils, Elles), ensuring you can correctly say «I,» you, he/she, and more. You'll also learn the vital social cues of Tu vs Vous, helping you navigate informal and formal interactions with ease.
Get ready to sound natural and confident, whether you're introducing a friend or pointing out a delicious pastry! This chapter will transform how you interact in French, making you sound more like a native and less like a textbook.
This chapter is a cornerstone for CEFR A1 learners, focusing on practical, high-frequency structures. We'll cover how to articulate we using both Nous and the more common informal On, and how to effortlessly present things or people with Voici and Voilà. Ever wanted to say this one or that one in French?
We've got you covered with celui-ci and its variations. Plus, you'll discover the clever French emphasis echo (le pronom de rappel) to add clarity and emphasis to your sentences. By the end, you'll be able to confidently introduce yourself and others, point out items in shops, and engage in basic conversations with a genuine French flair.
Let's make your French truly shine!

How This Grammar Works

This chapter introduces several core French grammar A1 elements crucial for identifying people and things. First, French Subject Pronouns are your basic building blocks: Je (I), Tu (you, informal singular), Il (he/it, masculine singular), Elle (she/it, feminine singular), On (one/we, informal singular), Nous (we, plural), Vous (you, formal singular or plural), Ils (they/them, masculine plural), and Elles (they/them, feminine plural).
A key distinction is Tu vs Vous. Use Tu when speaking to friends, family, children, or people you know well. Use Vous for formal situations, strangers, elders, or when addressing multiple people.
For example: Comment vas-tu ? (How are you? - informal) vs. Comment allez-vous ? (How are you?
- formal or plural).
When saying we, you have two options: Nous and On. Nous is the standard, more formal we: Nous parlons français. (We speak French.) On is very commonly used in spoken French for we, one, or people in general, and it always takes a singular verb: On parle français. (We speak French - informal/common).
To announce people or things, use Voici (here is/are) and Voilà (there is/are). You can attach pronouns to them: Me voici ! (Here I am!), Le voilà ! (There he/it is!). For example, Voici Marie. (Here is Marie.) or Voilà mon livre. (There is my book.)
To specify this one or that one, you'll use Demonstrative Pronouns like celui-ci (this one, masculine singular), celle-ci (this one, feminine singular), ceux-ci (these ones, masculine plural), celles-ci (these ones, feminine plural). Replace '-ci' with '-là' for
that one/those ones
: celui-là, celle-là, ceux-là, celles-là. For example: **Quel livre veux-tu ?
Celui-ci ou celui-là ?** (Which book do you want? This one or that one?).
Finally, the French Emphasis Echo (le pronom de rappel) uses a disjunctive pronoun (like Moi, Toi, Lui, Elle, Nous, Vous, Eux, Elles) before the subject pronoun for emphasis or clarification. For instance: Moi, je suis français. (Me, I am French.) or Lui, il est étudiant. (Him, he is a student.) This adds a natural, conversational flow to your A1 French.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Wrong:
    Tu parlez français.
✓ Correct:
Tu parles français.
*Explanation:* The subject pronoun Tu (informal you) always pairs with a verb ending in -es (for -er verbs) or -s. Parlez is for Vous.
  1. 1✗ Wrong:
    Je veux la livre, celui-ci.
✓ Correct:
Je veux le livre, celui-ci.
or
Je veux la pomme, celle-ci.
*Explanation:* The demonstrative pronoun celui-ci (this one) must agree in gender with the noun it replaces or refers to. Livre (book) is masculine, so it should be celui-ci. If it were pomme (apple, feminine), you'd use celle-ci.
  1. 1✗ Wrong:
    On allons au marché.
✓ Correct:
On va au marché.
*Explanation:* While On means we (informally), it always takes a third-person singular verb conjugation, like Il/Elle. The verb aller (to go) conjugates as On va, not On allons.

Real Conversations

A

A

Bonjour, je m'appelle Sophie. Et vous, comment vous appelez-vous ? (Hello, my name is Sophie. And you, what is your name? - formal)
B

B

Bonjour Sophie, moi, je m'appelle Marc. Enchanté ! (Hello Sophie, I, my name is Marc. Nice to meet you!)
A

A

Regarde ! Voici mon ami, Paul. Lui, il est de Paris. (Look! Here is my friend, Paul. He, he is from Paris.)
B

B

Salut Paul ! Oh, et cette baguette, c'est celle-ci que tu préfères ? (Hi Paul! Oh, and this baguette, is this the one you prefer?)

Quick FAQ

Q

What's the main difference between Nous and On for we in A1 French grammar?

Nous is the standard, more formal we that takes a plural verb. On is widely used in spoken French for we (and one or people in general) but always takes a singular verb, making it sound more casual.

Q

How do I correctly use celui-ci and celle-ci when identifying things in French A1?

These are demonstrative pronouns meaning this one. You choose based on the gender of the noun they refer to: celui-ci for masculine singular nouns and celle-ci for feminine singular nouns.

Q

When is it appropriate to use the French emphasis echo (e.g., Moi, je...) at the A1 CEFR level?

You use it to emphasize or clarify the subject, often to contrast or highlight who is performing the action. For example,

Moi, je préfère le café
(Me, I prefer coffee), implying others might not.

Q

Can I always use Vous to be polite in French A1?

Yes, using Vous is always the safe and polite choice when you're unsure, speaking to strangers, elders, or in formal settings. It's better to be too polite than too informal.

Cultural Context

The choice between Tu and Vous is a cornerstone of French social etiquette and A1 French cultural understanding. It reflects respect, social distance, and familiarity. While Tu signals intimacy or equality, Vous is the default for politeness and formality.
Using On instead of Nous for we is extremely common in everyday spoken French, making conversations sound more natural and less stiff. Mastering these nuances helps learners navigate social situations smoothly, showing an appreciation for French communication norms beyond just grammar rules.

주요 예문 (6)

1

`Tu` es là ?

너 거기 있어?

Tu vs Vous: 격식 있는 '당신'과 친근한 '너'
2

`Vous` avez une table pour deux ?

두 명 앉을 테이블 있나요?

Tu vs Vous: 격식 있는 '당신'과 친근한 '너'
3

Nous sommes ravis de vous rencontrer.

만나 뵙게 되어 정말 기쁩니다.

Nous 대 On 사용하기: 프랑스어에서 전문적으로 들리는 법 (`nous` / `on`)
4

On va au ciné ce soir ?

우리 오늘 저녁에 영화 보러 갈래?

Nous 대 On 사용하기: 프랑스어에서 전문적으로 들리는 법 (`nous` / `on`)
5

Moi, je préfère le thé.

나, 나는 차를 더 좋아해.

프랑스어 강조 에코 (Le pronom de rappel)
6

Ton téléphone, il sonne !

네 전화기, 그거 울리고 있어!

프랑스어 강조 에코 (Le pronom de rappel)

팁과 요령 (4)

🎯

'On'을 활용하는 꿀팁

말할 때는 'Nous' 대신 On을 써보세요. 훨씬 자연스럽고 동사 변화도 쉬워져요:
On va au cinéma.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 프랑스어 주어 대명사 (Je, Tu, Il, Elle...)
⚠️

프랑스식 냉대

처음 만난 사람에게 'tu'를 쓰면 무례하다고 생각할 수 있어요. 상대방이 'tu'를 써도 된다고 말하기 전까지는 'vous'를 고수하세요. "Vous pouvez m'aider ?" (도와주실 수 있나요?)
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Tu vs Vous: 격식 있는 '당신'과 친근한 '너'
🎯

링크드인(LinkedIn)의 법칙

링크드인 포스트나 프로필을 작성할 때는 항상 nous를 쓰세요. 전문적인 경력이 훨씬 더 신뢰감 있게 들려요:
Nous avons une grande expérience.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Nous 대 On 사용하기: 프랑스어에서 전문적으로 들리는 법 (`nous` / `on`)
🎯

모를 땐 Voilà 하나로 통일!

현대 프랑스어 구어체에서는 가까이 있든 멀리 있든 voilà를 정말 많이 써요. 헷갈린다면 그냥 voilà를 써보세요! Me voilà !
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Voici와 Voilà를 동반한 대명사: 나 여기 있어 (Me voici)

핵심 어휘 (6)

je I tu you (informal) nous we (formal) on we (casual) voici here is/are celui-ci this one

Real-World Preview

coffee

At the Café

Review Summary

  • Subject + Verb
  • Tu (informal) vs Vous (formal)
  • On (casual) = We
  • Voici/Voilà + noun
  • Celui-ci (this one)
  • Moi, je...

자주 하는 실수

Do not combine 'suis' (am) with other verbs. Use the conjugated verb directly.

Wrong: Je suis va au marché.
정답: Je vais au marché.

The verb 'être' for 'tu' is 'es', not 'est'.

Wrong: Tu est mon ami.
정답: Tu es mon ami.

Voici is for things close to you; Voilà is for things further away.

Wrong: Voici celui-là.
정답: Voilà celui-là.

이 챕터의 규칙 (6)

1

프랑스어 주어 대명사 (Je, Tu, Il, Elle...)

A1
프랑스어 문장의 주인공인 주어 대명사는 성별, 숫자, 그리고 상대방과의 친밀도에 따라 Je, Tu, Il, Elle 중에서 골라 쓰면 돼요!
Je regarde Netflix.
10 예문
2

Tu vs Vous: 격식 있는 '당신'과 친근한 '너'

A1
프랑스어에서 'tu'는 '친밀함'을, 'vous'는 '존경' 또는 '여럿'을 나타내요. 헷갈릴 때는 일단 'vous'를 쓰면 예의를 지킬 수 있어요!
`Tu` es là ?
10 예문
3

Nous 대 On 사용하기: 프랑스어에서 전문적으로 들리는 법 (`nous` / `on`)

A1
격식 있는 자리나 전문적인 느낌을 주고 싶을 때는 on 대신 nous를 사용해서 예의를 갖춰보세요! nous는 격식, on은 일상이라고 기억하면 쉬워요.
Nous sommes ravis de vous rencontrer.
10 예문
4

Voici와 Voilà를 동반한 대명사: 나 여기 있어 (Me voici)

A1
대명사 me, le, la 등을 voici나 voilà 바로 앞에 붙여서 사람이나 물건을 소개하거나 위치를 알려줄 때 사용해요.
Me voici ! Je suis enfin arrivé à la fête.
11 예문
5

이것 / 저것 (celui-ci)

A1
특정한 물건을 콕 집어서 «이것»이라고 말하고 싶을 때 celui-ci(남성)나 celle-ci(여성)를 사용해 보세요!
J'aime bien ton sac, mais je préfère celui-ci.
10 예문
6

프랑스어 강조 에코 (Le pronom de rappel)

A1
강조하고 싶은 단어를 먼저 말하고 쉼표 뒤에 je, tu, il 같은 대명사로 한 번 더 받아주면 끝이에요!
Moi, je préfère le thé.
12 예문

Next Steps

You've done an incredible job today! Keep practicing, and those pronouns will become second nature in no time.

Write a short paragraph about your friends using all pronouns.

Continue to: Connecting Sentences with Who, That, and Where

빠른 연습 (10)

('la pizza'를 대신하여) 빈칸에 알맞은 지시대명사를 채워보세요.

Je n'aime pas cette pizza, je préfère ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: celle-ci
'pizza'는 여성 단수 명사이므로 'celle-ci'를 써야 맞습니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 이것 / 저것 (celui-ci)

공식적인 자기소개서에 어울리는 문장은 무엇일까요?

전문적인 옵션을 선택하세요:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nous sommes très motivés.
Nous sommes는 '우리는 ~입니다'의 격식 있는 표현으로 자기소개서에 딱 맞아요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Nous 대 On 사용하기: 프랑스어에서 전문적으로 들리는 법 (`nous` / `on`)

틀린 부분을 찾아 고치세요.

Find and fix the mistake:

Ton ami, elle est très sympa.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ton ami, il est très sympa.
'Ton ami'는 남성 명사이므로 대명사 'il'을 써야 합니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 프랑스어 강조 에코 (Le pronom de rappel)

문장에서 틀린 부분을 고쳐보세요.

Je aime Paris.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: J'aime Paris.
모음 앞에서는 'Je'가 'J''로 축약되어야 해요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 프랑스어 주어 대명사 (Je, Tu, Il, Elle...)

프랑스어 회화에서 자연스러운 문장을 고르세요.

올바른 강조 문장을 선택하세요:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ma pizza, elle est délicieuse.
'Pizza'는 여성 명사이므로 'elle'을 써야 합니다. 'Moi est'는 문법적으로 틀린 표현입니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 프랑스어 강조 에코 (Le pronom de rappel)

사장님께 쓸 올바른 대명사를 고르세요.

___ travaillez beaucoup, Monsieur.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Vous
사장님께는 존경을 표하기 위해 'vous'를 사용해요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Tu vs Vous: 격식 있는 '당신'과 친근한 '너'

문장의 틀린 부분을 고치세요.

Find and fix the mistake:

Tu parlez avec moi ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Tu parles avec moi ?
'tu' 다음에는 보통 동사가 '-s'로 끝나고, '-ez'로 끝나지 않아요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Tu vs Vous: 격식 있는 '당신'과 친근한 '너'

남성 명사인 {le|m} 't-shirt'를 가리키는 문장에서 틀린 부분을 찾아 고쳐보세요.

Ce t-shirt est beau, mais j'aime celle-ci.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ce t-shirt est beau, mais j'aime celui-ci.
'T-shirt'는 남성이므로 여성형인 'celle-ci'는 틀려요. 'celui-ci'를 써야 합니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 이것 / 저것 (celui-ci)

친구들 그룹에게 올바른 문장은 무엇인가요?

Select the correct plural form:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Vous mangez une pizza ?
두 명 이상에게 말할 때는 항상 'vous'를 사용해요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Tu vs Vous: 격식 있는 '당신'과 친근한 '너'

격식 있는 문장에서 틀린 부분을 찾아 고쳐보세요.

Find and fix the mistake:

Nous avons reçu votre message, nous est d'accord.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nous avons reçu votre message, nous sommes d'accord.
nous est는 틀린 표현이에요. 격식을 맞추려면 nous sommes라고 해야 합니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Nous 대 On 사용하기: 프랑스어에서 전문적으로 들리는 법 (`nous` / `on`)

Score: /10

자주 묻는 질문 (6)

'Tu'는 친구나 가족에게 쓰는 반말이고, 'vous'는 처음 본 사람이나 상사에게 쓰는 존댓말이에요.
Vous êtes prêt ?
처럼 쓰세요.
말할 때 'Nous'보다 훨씬 짧고 동사 변화도 쉬워서 90% 이상의 상황에서
On va y aller !
처럼 사용해요.
회사 분위기에 따라 달라요. 요즘 스타트업에서는 모두 'tu'를 사용하지만, 전통적인 사무실에서는 상대방이 먼저 'tu'를 쓰자고 하기 전까지는 'vous'를 쓰는 게 좋아요.
당연히 'tu'를 써야죠! 애완동물에게 'vous'를 쓰는 건 마치 공식적인 파티에 초대하는 것 같아요.
Tu es un bon chien !
(너는 좋은 개야!)
가능은 하지만 너무 딱딱하거나 장난치는 것처럼 들릴 수 있어요. 친구를 '귀하'라고 부르는 느낌이거든요. Nous allons manger ?라고 하면 친구가 웃을지도 몰라요.
대부분 그렇지만, '누군가'나 '사람들'을 뜻하기도 해요. 예를 들어 On frappe는 '누가 문을 두드린다'는 뜻이에요.
이전 챕터
Explaining Why and How
다음 챕터
Connecting Sentences with Who, That, and Where
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