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B2 noun 13분 분량

compliqué(e)

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compliqué(e) 30초 만에

  • Describes things that are difficult due to many interconnected parts or details.
  • Requires careful thought and effort to understand or manage.
  • Agrees in gender and number with the noun it modifies.
  • Commonly used in everyday conversation, media, and technical contexts.
The French word compliqué(e), often used as an adjective but can also function as a noun meaning 'a complicated thing' or 'a complication', describes something that is difficult to understand, deal with, or explain because it has many interconnected parts, details, or factors. It's a versatile term used across various situations, from describing a difficult problem to a complex relationship or an intricate piece of machinery. Think of it as the opposite of simple or straightforward. When something is described as compliqué, it suggests that it requires effort, careful thought, or specialized knowledge to navigate. It can also imply a sense of being overwhelming or challenging. The feminine form, compliquée, is used when referring to a feminine noun. For instance, a task might be une tâche compliquée, or a situation could be une situation compliquée. The masculine form, compliqué, would be used for masculine nouns, such as un problème compliqué or un système compliqué. This word is frequently encountered in everyday conversations, professional settings, and academic discussions when the speaker wants to convey a sense of intricacy or difficulty. It’s a common way to express that something is not easily resolved or grasped. The nuance can range from a mild inconvenience to a significant obstacle, depending on the context. For example, discussing a scientific theory, a political issue, or even a personal dilemma might involve the use of compliqué to highlight its inherent complexity.
Usage Nuances
While often referring to intellectual difficulty, compliqué can also describe physical or emotional complexity. A recipe with many steps is compliquée, and so is a relationship with many emotional entanglements.
When to Use
Use compliqué when you want to emphasize that something has multiple layers, is hard to unravel, or presents significant challenges that go beyond mere difficulty. It suggests a lack of simplicity and an abundance of intertwined elements.

La recette de ce gâteau est assez compliquée, il y a beaucoup d'ingrédients et d'étapes.

The recipe for this cake is quite complicated; there are many ingredients and steps.

Le système politique de ce pays est très compliqué.

The political system of this country is very complicated.

Il a une relation compliquée avec sa famille.

He has a complicated relationship with his family.
Using compliqué(e) effectively in French sentences involves understanding its role as an adjective and ensuring agreement with the noun it describes. It can modify singular or plural nouns, and its form changes based on gender. Consider its placement: typically, it follows the noun, as is common for most descriptive adjectives in French. However, in certain stylistic contexts, especially in literature, it might precede the noun for emphasis, though this is less common in everyday speech. The word can also be used adverbially in a sense, implying 'in a complicated manner,' although a dedicated adverb like compliquée (rarely used) or phrases like de manière compliquée are more explicit. For instance, instead of saying 'He explained the situation complicated,' you would say 'Il a expliqué la situation de manière compliquée' or, more naturally, 'Il a expliqué la situation de façon compliquée.' A common structure is to use it with the verb 'être' (to be) to describe a state or quality. 'Ce projet est compliqué' (This project is complicated) is a straightforward example. When discussing abstract concepts, like a theory or a plan, compliqué is highly appropriate. 'Sa théorie est trop compliquée pour moi' (His theory is too complicated for me). In personal relationships, it can describe dynamics that are fraught with difficulty or ambiguity. 'Leur amitié est devenue compliquée après cette dispute' (Their friendship became complicated after that argument). When talking about technical or mechanical subjects, it denotes intricacy and a potential for malfunction or difficulty in repair. 'Le moteur de cette vieille voiture est très compliqué à réparer' (The engine of this old car is very complicated to repair). When referring to a series of events or a sequence of actions, compliqué highlights the lack of a simple, linear progression. 'L'intrigue du film était tellement compliquée que j'ai eu du mal à suivre' (The plot of the movie was so complicated that I had trouble following). The term can also be used to describe tasks or processes that demand significant attention to detail and multiple steps. 'Préparer ce repas demande une organisation compliquée' (Preparing this meal requires complicated organization). It's also used to describe situations that are emotionally taxing or ethically ambiguous. 'C'est une situation compliquée, il n'y a pas de bonne réponse facile' (It's a complicated situation; there's no easy right answer). When used as a noun, though less frequent, it can refer to a complex issue or a difficulty itself. 'Nous avons rencontré un compliqué imprévu' (We encountered an unforeseen complication). However, this usage is less common than its adjectival form. Pay attention to the context to understand whether it's describing a thing, a situation, or an abstract concept. The adjective form is far more prevalent and versatile in everyday French.
Adjective Agreement
Ensure compliqué agrees in gender and number with the noun. For example, un livre compliqué (masculine singular), des livres compliqués (masculine plural), une idée compliquée (feminine singular), des idées compliquées (feminine plural).
Common Sentence Structures
- Subject + être + compliqué(e)(s) (e.g., La tâche est compliquée.) - Subject + verb + noun + compliqué(e)(s) (e.g., Il a un emploi du temps compliqué.) - Subject + verb + de + infinitive + compliqué(e)(s) (e.g., C'est compliqué de comprendre.)

Ce raisonnement est trop compliqué pour moi.

This reasoning is too complicated for me.

Elle vit une période compliquée dans sa vie.

She is going through a complicated period in her life.

Les démarches administratives peuvent être très compliquées.

Administrative procedures can be very complicated.
You'll encounter the word compliqué(e) in a wide array of everyday French conversations and media. In casual discussions among friends or family, it's frequently used to describe everyday challenges. For example, someone might say, 'J'ai eu une journée compliquée au travail' (I had a complicated day at work), or 'Mon ordinateur est devenu très compliqué à utiliser' (My computer has become very complicated to use). When discussing personal matters, it can refer to relationships, emotions, or life circumstances. 'Leur relation est un peu compliquée en ce moment' (Their relationship is a bit complicated right now) is a common sentiment. In more formal settings, like a business meeting or a news report, compliqué is used to describe complex issues, strategies, or systems. A journalist might report on 'une situation économique compliquée' (a complicated economic situation), or a manager might explain 'un processus de décision compliqué' (a complicated decision-making process). In educational contexts, teachers and students use it to talk about difficult subjects or assignments. 'Cette leçon de physique est particulièrement compliquée' (This physics lesson is particularly complicated). Even in creative works like films, books, or music lyrics, compliqué appears to describe intricate plots, complex characters, or challenging themes. A movie review might mention 'un scénario compliqué' (a complicated screenplay). When discussing technology or mechanics, it's the go-to word for anything intricate or hard to fix. 'Le câblage de cette vieille maison est compliqué' (The wiring in this old house is complicated). The word is also common when people are trying to explain something that is not straightforward. 'Ce n'est pas simple, c'est un peu compliqué' (It's not simple, it's a bit complicated). Listen for it when people are expressing frustration or difficulty in understanding or dealing with something. It's a fundamental adjective for conveying complexity and intricacy in the French language. You'll hear it in weather forecasts describing challenging conditions, in legal discussions about intricate cases, and even in cooking shows explaining elaborate recipes. It's a word that truly spans the spectrum of human experience and the challenges it presents.
Everyday Conversations
Used to describe daily frustrations, difficult tasks, or intricate personal situations. Example: 'Mon trajet pour venir ici a été compliqué à cause des travaux.' (My commute to get here was complicated because of roadworks.)
Media and News
Applies to political, economic, or social issues that are multifaceted and difficult to resolve. Example: 'Le gouvernement fait face à une crise diplomatique compliquée.' (The government is facing a complicated diplomatic crisis.)
Technical and Scientific Contexts
Describes complex machinery, theories, or processes. Example: 'La compréhension de la physique quantique peut être compliquée.' (Understanding quantum physics can be complicated.)

Il a trouvé le montage de ce meuble compliqué.

He found the assembly of this furniture complicated.

Les démarches pour obtenir un visa sont souvent compliquées.

The procedures to obtain a visa are often complicated.

Il faut être patient avec les enfants, leurs émotions sont parfois compliquées.

One must be patient with children; their emotions are sometimes complicated.
One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make with compliqué(e) is related to gender and number agreement. French adjectives must agree with the noun they modify. Forgetting to change compliqué to compliquée when referring to a feminine noun, or to the plural forms compliqués or compliquées, is a common error. For example, saying 'une situation compliqué' instead of 'une situation compliquée' is incorrect. Another pitfall is using compliqué when a simpler adjective would suffice. While compliqué accurately conveys complexity, sometimes a word like difficile (difficult) or ardu (arduous) might be more appropriate depending on the exact nuance. Overusing compliqué can make your speech sound less precise. Some learners might also struggle with the placement of the adjective. While it generally follows the noun, there are exceptions and stylistic choices that can be confusing. For instance, in certain literary contexts, it might precede the noun for emphasis. However, in everyday conversation, sticking to the post-noun placement is usually safest. Misunderstanding the subtle difference between compliqué and difficile is also common. Difficile simply means hard to do or understand, while compliqué implies a more intricate structure, more moving parts, or a web of interconnected issues. Something can be difficult without being complicated, and vice versa. For example, lifting a very heavy object is difficult, but not necessarily complicated. A complex legal document might be complicated, even if an expert finds it not difficult. Another error is translating 'it's complicated' too literally. While 'c'est compliqué' is correct, learners might try to use more complex sentence structures that sound unnatural. Finally, some may confuse compliqué with words that have similar meanings but different connotations, such as embrouillé (tangled, confused) or énigmatique (enigmatic). While related, they each carry distinct shades of meaning. It’s crucial to grasp that compliqué specifically refers to the presence of multiple, often intertwined, factors that make something hard to understand, manage, or resolve.
Gender and Number Agreement
Incorrect: Le problème est compliqué. (Correct for masculine singular). Incorrect: La tâche est compliqué. (Should be compliquée).
Overuse and Nuance
Using compliqué for every difficult situation instead of more specific adjectives like difficile, ardu, or complexe. Example: Instead of 'Ce devoir est compliqué', consider 'Ce devoir est difficile' if it's just hard, or 'Ce devoir est complexe' if it has many interlocking parts.
Distinguishing from 'Difficile'
Confusing compliqué (complex, many parts) with difficile (hard to do/understand). Example: A heavy box is difficile to lift, but a complex machine is compliqué.

Incorrect: La situation est compliqué.

Correct: La situation est compliquée.

Incorrect: Les idées est compliqué.

Correct: Les idées sont compliquées.
When describing something that is not simple, French offers a range of words, each with its own subtle meaning. The most direct synonym for compliqué(e) is complexe. Both words convey the idea of having many interconnected parts. However, complexe often suggests a more systematic or inherent intricacy, perhaps even a scientific or technical one, whereas compliqué can sometimes imply a difficulty that might be due to poor design, excessive steps, or an unnecessarily convoluted approach. For instance, a biological system might be described as complexe, while a poorly written instruction manual is compliqué. Another common alternative is difficile, which simply means 'difficult' or 'hard.' While many complicated things are also difficult, not everything difficult is complicated. Lifting a heavy object is difficile but not necessarily compliqué. A challenging exam might be both difficile and compliqué if it requires understanding multiple interconnected concepts. Ardu is a more formal synonym for difficile, suggesting something that is hard to achieve and requires great effort, often implying a long and arduous task. It's less about the number of parts and more about the sheer effort required. For situations that are tangled, confusing, or messy, embrouillé(e) is a good choice. It suggests a lack of clarity or order, like a tangled ball of yarn. This can apply to situations, explanations, or even physical objects. If something is particularly puzzling or mysterious, énigmatique might be used, though this is more about being hard to understand due to its mysterious nature rather than its structure. In informal settings, you might hear pas simple (not simple) or pas facile (not easy) as milder alternatives. When something is convoluted or unnecessarily elaborate, alambiqué(e) can be used, often with a slightly negative connotation, suggesting an overly elaborate or obscure method or explanation. Finally, for things that are problematic or challenging in a way that creates issues, problématique is a useful term.
Compliqué vs. Complexe
- Compliqué: Often implies difficulty due to many steps, details, or an intricate structure. Can sometimes suggest it's unnecessarily so. - Complexe: Implies inherent intricacy, often in a systematic or scientific way. Less subjective than compliqué.
Compliqué vs. Difficile
- Compliqué: Focuses on the number of interconnected parts or factors. - Difficile: Focuses on the effort or skill required to do or understand something. A task can be difficult without being complicated, and vice-versa.
Other Alternatives
- Embrouillé(e): Tangled, confused, messy. - Ardu: Arduous, requiring great effort. - Alambiqué(e): Convoluted, excessively elaborate. - Pas simple/pas facile: Not simple/not easy (informal).

Ce problème est compliqué.

This problem is complicated.

Ce problème est complexe.

This problem is complex.

Ce problème est difficile.

This problem is difficult.

L'explication était embrouillée.

The explanation was tangled/confused.

How Formal Is It?

재미있는 사실

The etymological root 'plicare' (to fold) is shared with many English words like 'complicate', 'duplicate', 'implicate', and 'supplicate', all of which involve some form of folding, entwinement, or involvement.

발음 가이드

UK /kɔ̃pliˈke/
US /kɔ̃pliˈke/
on the last syllable: -qué
라임이 맞는 단어
parlé chanté aimé arrivé terminé expliqué signé pensé
자주 하는 실수
  • Pronouncing the 'on' as a regular 'on' sound instead of nasalized.
  • Not stressing the final syllable.
  • Pronouncing the 'é' sound as a standard 'eh' sound.

난이도

독해 4/5

CEFR B2 level indicates a solid understanding of complex texts. 'Compliqué' is frequently used in B2 materials to describe challenging concepts, situations, or narratives. Learners at this level should be able to grasp its meaning and usage in various contexts.

쓰기 4/5

At B2, learners are expected to write clear, detailed text on a range of subjects. Using 'compliqué' correctly, with proper agreement and in appropriate contexts, is a key skill for expressing nuanced ideas.

말하기 4/5

B2 speakers can engage in spontaneous and fluent conversation. Describing complex situations or problems using 'compliqué' is essential for effective communication at this level.

듣기 4/5

B2 learners can understand the main ideas of complex speech. 'Compliqué' is a common adjective in everyday conversations and media, so recognizing it and its implications is crucial.

다음에 무엇을 배울까

선수 학습

difficile simple facile comprendre expliquer

다음에 배울 것

complexe ardu embrouillé alambiqué problématique

고급

intrication dédale subtilité nuance énigme

알아야 할 문법

Adjective Agreement (Gender and Number)

Le livre est compliqué. (masculine singular) / La tâche est compliquée. (feminine singular) / Les livres sont compliqués. (masculine plural) / Les tâches sont compliquées. (feminine plural)

Placement of Adjectives

Most descriptive adjectives, including 'compliqué', follow the noun: 'un problème compliqué'. However, for emphasis or in specific contexts, it might precede the noun, though this is less common in everyday speech.

Using 'être' with Adjectives

This is the most common structure to describe a state or quality: 'C'est compliqué.' (It's complicated.)

Using 'compliqué' with Infinitives

It is complicated to do X: 'Il est compliqué de faire X.' or 'C'est compliqué de faire X.'

Intensifiers and Moderators

Adding adverbs like 'très' (very), 'un peu' (a bit), 'trop' (too) to modify the degree of complication: 'C'est très compliqué.' / 'C'est un peu compliqué.'

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수준별 예문

1

C'est compliqué.

It's complicated.

Basic statement of difficulty.

2

Le chemin est compliqué.

The path is complicated.

Masculine singular agreement.

3

La tâche est compliquée.

The task is complicated.

Feminine singular agreement.

4

Il y a beaucoup de choses compliquées.

There are many complicated things.

Plural agreement.

5

Ce n'est pas simple.

It's not simple.

Using negation for contrast.

6

C'est un peu difficile.

It's a bit difficult.

Using 'un peu' to moderate difficulty.

7

Je ne comprends pas.

I don't understand.

Expressing lack of understanding.

8

C'est trop pour moi.

It's too much for me.

Expressing being overwhelmed.

1

Ce dessin est compliqué.

This drawing is complicated.

Masculine singular agreement with 'dessin'.

2

La recette est compliquée.

The recipe is complicated.

Feminine singular agreement with 'recette'.

3

Leurs projets sont compliqués.

Their projects are complicated.

Masculine plural agreement with 'projets'.

4

Elle a une idée compliquée.

She has a complicated idea.

Feminine singular agreement with 'idée'.

5

Il faut suivre des règles compliquées.

One must follow complicated rules.

Feminine plural agreement with 'règles'.

6

Le système est un peu complexe.

The system is a bit complex.

Using 'complexe' as a near synonym.

7

Ce n'est pas facile à comprendre.

It's not easy to understand.

Using 'facile' with negation.

8

La situation est plus difficile que prévue.

The situation is more difficult than expected.

Comparing difficulty.

1

Le montage de ce meuble est compliqué.

The assembly of this furniture is complicated.

Describes a practical, multi-step task.

2

J'ai une relation compliquée avec mon père.

I have a complicated relationship with my father.

Describes interpersonal dynamics.

3

Les démarches administratives sont souvent compliquées.

Administrative procedures are often complicated.

Refers to bureaucratic processes.

4

Ce livre a une intrigue compliquée.

This book has a complicated plot.

Describes narrative structure.

5

Il a un emploi du temps très compliqué.

He has a very complicated schedule.

Describes time management challenges.

6

La théorie derrière ce phénomène est complexe.

The theory behind this phenomenon is complex.

Using 'complexe' for scientific intricacy.

7

Ce n'est pas une situation simple, c'est plutôt embrouillé.

It's not a simple situation, it's rather tangled/confused.

Contrasting 'simple' with 'embrouillé'.

8

C'est un défi ardu de changer ces vieilles habitudes.

It's an arduous challenge to change these old habits.

Using 'ardu' for a task requiring great effort.

1

Le système de freinage de cette voiture est particulièrement compliqué.

The braking system of this car is particularly complicated.

Describes technical complexity.

2

Elle gère une situation personnelle très compliquée.

She is managing a very complicated personal situation.

Refers to multifaceted personal issues.

3

Les négociations politiques sont devenues compliquées.

The political negotiations have become complicated.

Describes intricate diplomatic processes.

4

Ce document juridique contient des clauses compliquées.

This legal document contains complicated clauses.

Refers to intricate legal language.

5

L'intrigue du film était si compliquée que j'ai dû la regarder deux fois.

The plot of the movie was so complicated that I had to watch it twice.

Expresses the need for re-evaluation due to complexity.

6

Comprendre les motivations de cet homme est complexe.

Understanding this man's motivations is complex.

Describes psychological intricacy.

7

Son raisonnement semblait alambiqué et difficile à suivre.

His reasoning seemed convoluted and difficult to follow.

Using 'alambiqué' for overly complex reasoning.

8

C'est une affaire problématique qui nécessite une analyse approfondie.

It's a problematic affair that requires in-depth analysis.

Using 'problématique' to highlight issues within complexity.

1

La mise en œuvre de cette nouvelle politique économique s'avère particulièrement compliquée.

The implementation of this new economic policy is proving particularly complicated.

Formal context, describes multifaceted policy execution.

2

Il a une vision du monde qui est à la fois profonde et compliquée.

He has a worldview that is both profound and complicated.

Describes abstract philosophical complexity.

3

Les interactions entre les différentes factions politiques rendaient la situation extrêmement compliquée.

The interactions between the different political factions made the situation extremely complicated.

Highlights complexity arising from multiple actors.

4

La structure narrative de ce roman est intentionnellement compliquée pour défier le lecteur.

The narrative structure of this novel is intentionally complicated to challenge the reader.

Describes deliberate complexity in art/literature.

5

Il faut démêler un réseau compliqué d'intérêts financiers.

One must untangle a complicated network of financial interests.

Metaphorical use for financial intricacies.

6

Le débat sur l'intelligence artificielle soulève des questions éthiques complexes.

The debate on artificial intelligence raises complex ethical questions.

Using 'complexe' for ethical and philosophical depth.

7

Son style d'écriture, bien qu'élégant, est parfois rendu alambiqué par une terminologie obscure.

His writing style, though elegant, is sometimes made convoluted by obscure terminology.

Critiques stylistic convolution.

8

Les enjeux géopolitiques actuels créent une toile de fond problématique pour la paix mondiale.

Current geopolitical stakes create a problematic backdrop for world peace.

Formal use of 'problématique' in international relations.

1

La résolution de ce paradoxe philosophique exige une analyse déconstructiviste des présupposés épistémologiques.

The resolution of this philosophical paradox requires a deconstructivist analysis of epistemological presuppositions.

Highly academic, implies extreme complexity requiring specialized knowledge.

2

Le tissage des motivations psychologiques et des déterminismes sociaux rend le comportement humain d'une complexité fascinante.

The weaving of psychological motivations and social determinisms makes human behavior of fascinating complexity.

Describes the intricate interplay of factors in human behavior.

3

L'architecture de ce système distribué est d'une sophistication telle qu'elle défie toute description simple.

The architecture of this distributed system is of such sophistication that it defies any simple description.

Focuses on sophisticated, almost incomprehensible, technical design.

4

La dialectique des forces historiques, souvent occultes, engendre des situations politiques d'une complexité inextricable.

The dialectic of historical forces, often occult, engenders political situations of inextricable complexity.

Refers to deep, hidden forces creating political complexity.

5

La nature même de la conscience demeure un problème philosophique d'une profondeur déconcertante.

The very nature of consciousness remains a philosophical problem of disconcerting depth.

Highlights profound, fundamental complexity.

6

Il est aisé de tomber dans des explications alambiquées lorsque l'on cherche à rationaliser l'irrationnel.

It is easy to fall into convoluted explanations when one seeks to rationalize the irrational.

Critiques the tendency towards convoluted reasoning when dealing with irrationality.

7

Les ramifications d'une telle décision créent un enchevêtrement problématique d'implications éthiques et juridiques.

The ramifications of such a decision create a problematic entanglement of ethical and legal implications.

Formal, emphasizes the problematic nature of interconnected implications.

8

La compréhension de cette œuvre d'art postmoderne requiert une herméneutique sophistiquée pour en saisir les multiples strates de signification.

Understanding this postmodern artwork requires a sophisticated hermeneutics to grasp its multiple layers of meaning.

Applies to highly nuanced interpretations of art or text.

자주 쓰는 조합

très compliqué(e)
un peu compliqué(e)
trop compliqué(e)
assez compliqué(e)
extrêmement compliqué(e)
compliqué(e) à comprendre
compliqué(e) à faire
une situation compliquée
un problème compliqué
une tâche compliquée

자주 쓰는 구문

C'est compliqué.

— It's complicated. This is a very common and versatile phrase used to describe any situation, task, or idea that is not simple or easy to understand.

Comment s'est passé ton entretien ? - Oh, c'est compliqué.

C'est un peu compliqué.

— It's a bit complicated. This is a milder way of saying something is complicated, often used to downplay the difficulty slightly or to indicate that a simple answer isn't possible.

Je peux t'expliquer, mais c'est un peu compliqué.

Ce n'est pas simple.

— It's not simple. This is a direct contrast to 'simple' and implies that the situation or task has multiple facets or challenges.

Obtenir ce permis, ce n'est pas simple du tout.

La situation est compliquée.

— The situation is complicated. Used to describe a state of affairs that is difficult to manage or resolve due to various factors.

La situation économique actuelle est compliquée pour beaucoup d'entreprises.

Trop compliqué pour moi.

— Too complicated for me. Expresses an inability or unwillingness to deal with something due to its complexity.

J'ai essayé de lire le manuel, mais c'était trop compliqué pour moi.

C'est compliqué à faire.

— It's complicated to do. Refers to the difficulty of performing a task.

Réparer ce vieux moteur, c'est compliqué à faire.

C'est compliqué à comprendre.

— It's complicated to understand. Refers to the difficulty of comprehending something.

La physique quantique est compliquée à comprendre.

Une relation compliquée.

— A complicated relationship. Used to describe relationships (romantic, familial, friendships) that are fraught with difficulties, misunderstandings, or complex dynamics.

Ils ont une relation compliquée, faite de hauts et de bas.

Un problème compliqué.

— A complicated problem. Refers to a problem that has many contributing factors or is difficult to solve.

Nous faisons face à un problème compliqué d'ordre technique.

Une tâche compliquée.

— A complicated task. Describes a task that involves many steps, details, or requires significant effort and planning.

Organiser ce grand événement est une tâche compliquée.

자주 혼동되는 단어

compliqué(e) vs complexe

While often interchangeable, 'complexe' can imply a more inherent, systematic intricacy, whereas 'compliqué' might suggest difficulty arising from too many steps or factors, sometimes unnecessarily so.

compliqué(e) vs difficile

'Difficile' means hard to do or understand. Something complicated is usually difficult, but something can be difficult without being complicated (e.g., lifting a heavy object).

compliqué(e) vs embrouillé

'Embrouillé' means tangled, confused, or muddled. It's used for things that are messy or unclear, often lacking order.

혼동하기 쉬운

compliqué(e) vs complexe

Both words describe things with multiple parts or aspects that are hard to understand. They are often used interchangeably.

'Compliqué' can sometimes imply that the difficulty arises from an excessive number of steps, details, or an unnecessary addition of elements, making it seem convoluted. 'Complexe' tends to refer to an inherent, systematic intricacy, often in scientific, technical, or philosophical contexts, suggesting a structure that is naturally multifaceted and interconnected.

Le cerveau humain est une structure complexe. / Le montage de cette maquette est compliqué.

compliqué(e) vs difficile

Many complicated things are also difficult, leading to overlap in meaning.

'Difficile' focuses on the effort, skill, or challenge required to perform an action or understand something. It's a general term for 'hard.' 'Compliqué' specifically points to the structure or the number of interconnected elements that *cause* the difficulty. For example, a physical task like lifting a heavy weight is 'difficile' but not necessarily 'compliqué'. A detailed mathematical equation with many variables and steps is both 'difficile' and 'compliqué'.

Faire du vélo est facile pour moi. / Résoudre cette équation est difficile et compliqué.

compliqué(e) vs embrouillé

Both can describe things that are hard to understand or sort out.

'Compliqué' refers to having many interconnected parts or steps, making something intricate. 'Embrouillé' means tangled, confused, or muddled, suggesting a lack of order or clarity, like a mess. An explanation can be 'compliquée' because it has many points, or 'embrouillée' because the points are presented in a jumbled, unclear way.

Le scénario du film était trop compliqué. / Ses explications étaient embrouillées.

compliqué(e) vs alambiqué

Both describe things that are not simple and can be hard to follow.

'Compliqué' means having many parts or being difficult due to intricacy. 'Alambiqué' is more critical, suggesting something is unnecessarily convoluted, overly elaborate, or obscure, often in a way that hinders understanding. It implies a style or method that is circuitous rather than direct.

C'est une méthode de cuisson compliquée. / Sa théorie était si alambiquée qu'elle en devenait incompréhensible.

compliqué(e) vs problématique

Both can be used to describe challenging situations.

'Compliqué' describes the intricate nature or difficulty of something. 'Problématique' highlights that something presents problems, issues, or is questionable. A situation can be 'compliquée' due to its many facets, and also 'problématique' because those facets create specific difficulties or ethical concerns.

Leur relation est compliquée. / L'impact de cette décision est problématique.

문장 패턴

A2

Subject + être + compliqué(e).

Le puzzle est compliqué.

A2

C'est + compliqué + à + infinitive.

C'est compliqué à monter.

B1

Subject + avoir + un/une + nom + compliqué(e).

Elle a un projet compliqué.

B1

C'est + une situation + compliquée.

C'est une situation compliquée pour nous.

B2

Il est + compliqué + de + infinitive.

Il est compliqué de prévoir l'avenir.

B2

Subject + est + [adverb] + compliqué(e).

Le système est extrêmement compliqué.

C1

Compliqué(e)(s) + par + noun/phrase.

Le travail est compliqué par le manque de ressources.

C1

Subject + rendre + quelque chose + compliqué(e).

Ses exigences rendent tout compliqué.

어휘 가족

명사

complication

동사

compliquer

형용사

compliqué
compliquée

관련

complexité
complexifier
simplifier
simplification
difficile
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사용법

frequency

Very high

자주 하는 실수
  • Forgetting adjective agreement. → La situation est compliquée.

    The adjective 'compliqué' must agree in gender and number with the noun 'situation' (feminine singular). The incorrect version would be 'La situation est compliqué.'

  • Using 'compliqué' when 'difficile' is more appropriate. → Soulever cette boîte est difficile.

    Lifting a heavy box requires effort but isn't inherently intricate. It is 'difficile' (difficult) due to its weight. If the box had many delicate parts to avoid damaging, it might be 'compliqué'.

  • Confusing masculine and feminine plural forms. → Les projets sont compliqués. / Les idées sont compliquées.

    'Projets' is masculine plural, so it takes 'compliqués'. 'Idées' is feminine plural, so it takes 'compliquées'. Incorrectly mixing these leads to errors.

  • Overusing 'compliqué' for all types of difficulty. → Ce problème est ardu et nécessite beaucoup d'efforts.

    While 'ardu' means difficult and requiring effort, it's more formal and emphasizes the strenuous nature of the task, which might be more precise than just 'compliqué' in certain contexts.

  • Incorrect placement of the adjective. → Il a un système compliqué.

    In most cases, descriptive adjectives like 'compliqué' follow the noun they modify. Placing it before the noun ('un compliqué système') is generally incorrect in standard French, though possible for stylistic effect in literature.

팁

Mastering Agreement

Always remember to match 'compliqué' to the gender and number of the noun. Masculine singular: compliqué. Feminine singular: compliquée. Masculine plural: compliqués. Feminine plural: compliquées. This is crucial for correct French grammar.

Beyond 'Compliqué'

While 'compliqué' is very useful, explore related words like 'complexe', 'difficile', 'ardu', and 'embrouillé' to express more precise shades of meaning and enrich your vocabulary.

Nasal Sounds Matter

Practice the nasal 'on' sound in 'compliqué' (/kɔ̃pliˈke/). It's a key feature of French pronunciation. Ensure the stress is on the final syllable '-qué'.

Visual Triggers

Create a visual association. Imagine a tangled ball of yarn or an overly complex machine with too many parts. This mental image can help you recall the meaning of 'compliqué' and its sense of intricacy.

Sentence Building

Actively create sentences using 'compliqué' in different contexts, ensuring correct agreement. Try describing a recent challenge, a movie plot, or a recipe you've tried.

Nuance in French

French culture often appreciates detailed explanations. 'Compliqué' is a common way to acknowledge that a subject is not simple and requires thoughtful consideration, reflecting a value for depth.

Avoid Agreement Errors

The most common mistake is forgetting gender and number agreement. Always check the noun 'compliqué' is describing before deciding on its ending.

Choosing the Right Word

When you mean 'difficult,' use 'difficile.' When you mean 'intricate,' 'complexe' might be better. Use 'embrouillé' for 'muddled' or 'tangled,' and 'alambiqué' for 'convoluted.'

It's Okay to Say 'It's Complicated'

In everyday conversation, 'C'est compliqué' is a perfectly normal and useful phrase. It acknowledges complexity without needing a lengthy explanation, unless one is requested.

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기억법

Imagine a very tangled ball of yarn, so tangled that it's 'com-pli-qué' to untangle. The 'pli' sound can remind you of 'plié' (folded), and the 'qué' sound can be like 'que?' (what?), emphasizing the confusion. So, 'Que! This tangled yarn is com-pli-qué!'

시각적 연상

Picture a very elaborate, multi-layered cake with many intricate decorations and steps to bake. This excessive detail makes it 'compliqué'. Alternatively, visualize a complex knot that is extremely difficult to undo.

Word Web

Difficult Intricate Complex Convoluted Tangled Hard to understand Multi-faceted Elaborate Confusing Problematic

챌린지

Try to describe a recent situation in your life that was 'compliquée' using at least three different French sentences. Focus on explaining *why* it was complicated by mentioning specific elements or steps.

어원

The word 'compliqué' originates from the Latin word 'complicare', which means 'to fold together' or 'to entwine'. This root clearly conveys the idea of something being made up of many folded or intertwined parts, hence becoming complex and difficult to unravel.

원래 의미: To fold together; to entwine; to involve.

Indo-European > Italic > Latin > Romance > French

문화적 맥락

While 'compliqué' generally refers to complexity or difficulty, it's important to be mindful of context. Describing a person's emotions or a relationship as 'compliqué' can be sensitive, as it might imply difficulty or unresolved issues. However, it is a widely accepted term for describing nuanced emotional states.

In English-speaking cultures, 'complicated' is also a common word. However, the French usage of 'compliqué' can sometimes carry a slightly more pronounced sense of bewilderment or a need for deeper analysis compared to the sometimes more casual use of 'complicated' in English.

The French existentialist philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre often explored the 'compliqué' nature of human freedom and responsibility. The intricate plots of French New Wave cinema frequently feature 'compliqué' relationships and narratives. French cuisine, known for its complex techniques and layered flavors, often involves 'des étapes compliquées' in its preparation.

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Describing a technical problem or mechanical issue.

  • Le moteur est compliqué à réparer.
  • Le câblage est très compliqué.
  • C'est un problème technique compliqué.

Discussing personal relationships or family dynamics.

  • Notre relation est compliquée.
  • J'ai des rapports compliqués avec ma famille.
  • C'est une situation familiale compliquée.

Explaining a complex process or procedure.

  • Les démarches sont compliquées.
  • Ce processus est compliqué à suivre.
  • Il faut une procédure compliquée.

Talking about abstract concepts or theories.

  • La théorie est compliquée.
  • Son raisonnement est compliqué.
  • C'est une idée compliquée.

Describing a difficult or challenging situation in general.

  • La situation est compliquée.
  • C'est une période compliquée.
  • Ce n'est pas simple, c'est compliqué.

대화 시작하기

"Can you think of a time when you found something particularly complicated? What was it?"

"How do you usually react when you encounter a complicated problem?"

"In your opinion, what makes a situation or a task complicated?"

"Are there any aspects of your daily life that you find complicated?"

"When is it okay to say 'it's complicated' instead of trying to explain everything?"

일기 주제

Describe a recent experience that felt complicated. What were the different elements that made it so? How did you navigate it?

Reflect on a relationship in your life that you would describe as complicated. What are the challenges and what makes it so intricate?

Think about a skill or hobby you are learning. Is it complicated? What steps are you taking to understand or master it?

Consider a complex issue in the world today. Why is it complicated, and what are some of the different viewpoints surrounding it?

Imagine you have to explain a complicated topic to someone who knows nothing about it. How would you simplify it without losing its essence?

자주 묻는 질문

10 질문

While often used interchangeably, 'compliqué' can suggest difficulty arising from too many steps or factors, sometimes unnecessarily so. 'Complexe' tends to refer to an inherent, systematic intricacy, often in scientific, technical, or philosophical contexts, suggesting a structure that is naturally multifaceted and interconnected. For example, 'Le cerveau humain est une structure complexe,' while 'Le montage de cette maquette est compliqué.'

'Difficile' means hard or difficult in general. 'Compliqué' specifically refers to the intricacy or the number of interconnected parts that *cause* the difficulty. If something requires a lot of effort but is straightforward, it's 'difficile'. If it has many steps, details, or interdependencies making it hard to grasp or manage, it's 'compliqué'. For instance, lifting a heavy box is 'difficile', but assembling a complex piece of furniture with many parts is 'compliqué'.

Yes, absolutely. 'Compliqué' is an adjective and must agree in gender and number with the noun it modifies. For masculine singular nouns, it's 'compliqué'. For feminine singular nouns, it's 'compliquée'. For masculine plural nouns, it's 'compliqués'. For feminine plural nouns, it's 'compliquées'.

Yes, but it's much less common than its adjectival form. When used as a noun, it typically refers to 'a complication' or 'a complex issue'. For instance, 'Nous avons rencontré un compliqué imprévu.' However, the noun 'complication' is far more frequently used for this meaning.

Not necessarily. While it indicates difficulty or complexity, it's often a neutral statement of fact. It can imply a challenge that needs to be overcome, or simply acknowledge that a situation isn't simple. The tone of voice and context are key to understanding if it's a complaint or just an observation.

In formal contexts, you might still use 'C'est compliqué,' but you could also use phrases like 'La situation est complexe,' 'Cela présente des difficultés notables,' or 'Il s'agit d'un enjeu de taille.' The choice depends on the specific nuance you want to convey.

Yes, it's very common to describe a person's feelings or relationships as 'compliqués'. For example, 'Il a des sentiments compliqués envers elle.' It implies a mix of emotions or a nuanced emotional state that isn't simple.

'Compliqué' refers to having many interconnected parts or steps, making something intricate. 'Embrouillé' means tangled, confused, or muddled, suggesting a lack of order or clarity. An explanation might be 'compliquée' due to its depth, or 'embrouillée' because it's presented in a jumbled, unclear way.

You can describe a person's personality or character as 'compliqué' if they are difficult to understand, have many facets, or are prone to complex emotions or behaviors. For example, 'C'est une personne compliquée.' You can also describe their situation or mind as 'compliqué', e.g., 'Il a l'esprit compliqué.'

The most direct opposites are 'simple' (simple, not complicated) and 'facile' (easy, not difficult). Other antonyms include 'clair' (clear) and 'direct' (straightforward).

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