muter 30초 만에
- Muter: To transfer an employee to a different role or location within the same company.
- Used in professional contexts for internal job changes.
- Key for understanding workplace discussions and HR matters.
- Distinguish from changing employers.
The French verb 'muter' primarily refers to the act of transferring an employee from one position, department, or location to another within an organization. It's a common term in professional environments, signifying a change in an employee's work assignment. This transfer can be voluntary, initiated by the employee seeking new opportunities or a different environment, or it can be involuntary, initiated by the employer for various reasons such as restructuring, specialization, or performance-related adjustments. The term implies a formal process, often involving paperwork and official notification.
Beyond the workplace, 'muter' can sometimes be used in a broader sense to describe a change or transformation, although this usage is less frequent and might be considered more literary or abstract. For instance, one might talk about a 'mutation' of ideas, but the verb form 'muter' is almost exclusively tied to professional or administrative transfers. It's important to distinguish this from biological mutation, which uses the noun form 'mutation' or the verb 'muter' in a biological context, but the everyday usage for learners typically revolves around employment.
When an employee is asked if they want to 'muter', it means their employer is offering them a position elsewhere in the company. Conversely, if an employee requests to 'muter', they are asking to be moved to a different role or location. The decision to 'muter' can have significant implications for an individual's career, personal life, and professional development, making it a topic of considerable discussion and negotiation in the workplace.
- Key Context
- Professional environments, human resources, career changes.
- Nuance
- Implies a formal, often administrative, change in work assignment.
L'entreprise a décidé de muter Jean vers le département des ventes.
Elle a demandé à muter dans une autre ville pour des raisons personnelles.
- Usage Note
- While 'mutation' is the noun for biological changes, 'muter' as a verb is almost exclusively used for job transfers in common French conversation.
Understanding 'muter' is crucial for anyone involved in the French professional world, whether as an employee, employer, or HR specialist. It's a practical verb that describes a significant event in many careers.
'Muter' is a regular -er verb and conjugates like other verbs ending in -er, such as 'parler' or 'aimer'. Its usage in sentences typically involves a subject performing the action of transferring, or a subject being transferred. The direct object is often implied to be the employee, and the indirect object can specify the new location or department. Understanding its grammatical behavior is key to using it correctly.
Here are several common sentence structures and scenarios where 'muter' is employed:
- Subject + muter + à/dans + location/department
- This structure indicates where the subject is being transferred. The preposition 'à' is often used for cities or specific locations, while 'dans' is used for departments or broader areas.
Le directeur a décidé de muter le chef de projet à Lyon.
- Subject + muter + de + old_location/department + à/dans + new_location/department
- This is a more complete structure, specifying both the origin and destination of the transfer.
Après cinq ans au marketing, il a été muté du siège à une filiale étrangère.
- Être muté(e)
- Often, the verb is used in the passive voice ('être muté') to indicate that someone has been transferred, as they are the recipient of the action.
Mon collègue sera muté au service informatique le mois prochain.
The verb can also be used reflexively, 'se muter', but this is extremely rare and usually refers to a biological mutation, not a job transfer. Stick to the active and passive voice for professional contexts.
Consider these additional examples to solidify your understanding:
- Requesting a Transfer
- 'Je voudrais muter dans une autre région.' (I would like to transfer to another region.)
- Discussing Transfers
- 'La possibilité de muter est une option pour les employés expérimentés.' (The possibility of transferring is an option for experienced employees.)
- Company Policy
- 'Notre politique d'entreprise permet de muter tous les trois ans.' (Our company policy allows for transfers every three years.)
Mastering these sentence patterns will enable you to effectively communicate about job transfers in French.
You will most commonly encounter the verb 'muter' in professional and administrative contexts in French-speaking countries. These are the environments where job transfers are a regular occurrence, and therefore, the vocabulary surrounding them is actively used.
Human Resources Departments: This is perhaps the primary place where 'muter' is heard and used. HR professionals discuss employee transfers, relocation packages, and internal mobility. You might hear them saying things like, 'Nous devons organiser la mutation de Madame Dubois' (We need to organize Mrs. Dubois's transfer) or 'Le formulaire de demande de mutation est disponible en ligne' (The transfer request form is available online).
Company Meetings and Discussions: During meetings involving management, team leads, or department heads, 'muter' might come up when discussing staffing changes, restructuring, or career development opportunities for employees. For example, a manager might announce, 'Nous envisageons de muter quelques membres de l'équipe vers le nouveau projet.' (We are considering transferring some team members to the new project.)
Job Interviews and Career Counseling: When discussing career paths or internal opportunities, 'muter' is a relevant term. A career counselor might ask, 'Avez-vous déjà envisagé de muter dans un autre département pour acquérir de nouvelles compétences?' (Have you ever considered transferring to another department to gain new skills?) Similarly, in a job interview for a larger company, you might be asked about your willingness to 'muter' to different locations.
Employee Conversations: Colleagues might discuss their own or others' transfers. Phrases like, 'J'espère qu'ils vont accepter ma demande pour muter à Paris' (I hope they will accept my request to transfer to Paris) or 'Il a été muté à l'étranger l'année dernière' (He was transferred abroad last year) are common among employees.
Official Company Communications: Internal memos, emails, or official letters regarding job changes will use 'muter'. For instance, a formal notification might read, 'Par la présente, nous vous informons de votre décision de muter au poste de...' (By this letter, we inform you of our decision to transfer you to the position of...).
Le syndicat négocie les conditions de mutation des employés.
While less common, you might also hear it in more abstract discussions about change, but for practical language learning, focus on the professional sphere. The noun form, 'mutation', is also frequently used in these contexts, referring to the transfer itself.
In essence, any situation where an employee's work location or department is formally changed within the same organization is a prime opportunity to hear and use 'muter'.
When learning to use 'muter', learners often make a few common errors that can lead to misunderstandings. Being aware of these pitfalls can significantly improve your accuracy and fluency.
Confusing 'muter' with 'changer de travail' or 'changer d'emploi': While all relate to jobs, 'muter' specifically refers to an internal transfer within the same company. 'Changer de travail' or 'changer d'emploi' means to leave one job and start a completely new one, often with a different employer. Using 'muter' when you mean to switch companies is incorrect.
Incorrect Preposition Usage: The choice of preposition after 'muter' is crucial. While 'à' is common for cities or specific locations ('muter à Paris'), 'dans' is more appropriate for departments or broader areas ('muter dans le département marketing'). Sometimes learners might use 'de' incorrectly, or omit the preposition altogether when it's needed.
Incorrect: Je vais muter Paris.
Overuse of the Active Voice: While it's correct to say 'L'entreprise va muter son employé' (The company will transfer its employee), it's often more natural and common in French to use the passive voice 'être muté' when an employee is the subject, as they are the recipient of the action. Learners might default to the active voice even when the passive is more idiomatic.
Confusing with Biological 'Mutation': As mentioned, the noun 'mutation' is used for biological changes. While the verb 'muter' can technically refer to biological mutation, in everyday conversation, it almost exclusively means job transfer. Using 'muter' to describe a genetic change can be confusing or sound overly scientific if not in the correct context.
Incorrect: L'ADN a muté.
Gender and Number Agreement: When using 'être muté', learners sometimes forget to make the past participle 'muté' agree with the subject in gender and number. For example, saying 'Elle est muté' instead of 'Elle est mutée' or 'Ils sont muté' instead of 'Ils sont mutés'.
Using 'muter' for relocation without a job change: If someone moves to a new city for personal reasons but doesn't change their job or employer, they might simply say 'déménager' (to move house) or 's'installer' (to settle). 'Muter' implies a change in work assignment or location related to employment.
By paying attention to these common mistakes, you can ensure you are using 'muter' accurately and effectively in your French conversations.
While 'muter' is the most precise term for an internal job transfer, several other words and phrases can be used in related contexts, sometimes with subtle differences in meaning or formality. Understanding these alternatives will enrich your vocabulary and allow for more nuanced expression.
Changer d'emploi / Changer de travail: These are the most common general terms for getting a new job. They imply leaving one position and taking another, often with a different employer. 'Muter' is a specific type of 'changer d'emploi' where the employer remains the same.
- Comparison
- 'Je vais muter au siège de l'entreprise.' (I will transfer to the company headquarters - same employer). 'Je vais changer d'emploi pour travailler dans une autre société.' (I will change jobs to work in another company - new employer).
Déplacer / Déplacement: 'Déplacer' means to move something or someone from one place to another. In a professional context, 'un déplacement' can refer to a business trip or a temporary relocation, but 'muter' is generally for a more permanent change of assignment. If the move is very temporary, 'déplacement' might be used, but 'muter' implies a more formal, often longer-term, change.
- Comparison
- 'Il est en déplacement à l'étranger pour deux semaines.' (He is on a business trip abroad for two weeks). 'Il a été muté dans la filiale étrangère pour un an.' (He was transferred to the foreign branch for a year).
Affecter / Affectation: 'Affecter' means to assign someone to a particular task or post. 'Une affectation' is an assignment. This term is very close to 'muter' and is often used in administrative contexts. 'Affecter' can sometimes imply a more direct assignment by authority, whereas 'muter' can sometimes imply a more negotiated or requested change.
- Comparison
- 'Le directeur l'a affecté au service comptabilité.' (The director assigned him to the accounting department). 'Il a demandé à muter au service comptabilité.' (He asked to transfer to the accounting department).
Réaffecter / Réaffectation: This implies assigning someone to a different post, often after a previous assignment or a change in circumstances. It's very similar to 'muter' but can sometimes suggest a reassignment due to redundancy or restructuring.
- Comparison
- 'Suite à la fermeture du bureau, les employés ont été réaffectés dans d'autres sites.' (Following the office closure, employees were reassigned to other sites.)
Relocaliser / Relocalisation: This term specifically refers to moving a company's operations or an individual's job to a different location, especially a different city or country. While a 'muter' might involve 'relocalisation', 'relocaliser' focuses on the geographical move of the function or entity.
- Comparison
- 'L'entreprise envisage de relocaliser sa production au Mexique.' (The company is considering relocating its production to Mexico.) This might lead to employees being asked to muter.
Choosing the right word depends on the specific nuance you wish to convey, but 'muter' remains the standard for internal job mobility.
How Formal Is It?
재미있는 사실
The Latin root 'mutare' is also the source of the English word 'mutate', which primarily refers to biological changes, and 'mutable', meaning capable of change. The French verb 'muter' has largely specialized to the context of job transfers, while the noun 'mutation' covers both job transfers and biological changes.
발음 가이드
- Pronouncing the final 'r' like an English 'r'. The French 'r' is guttural.
- Making the 'u' sound too open or too much like the English 'oo' in 'food'. It should be a tighter, more rounded sound like in 'tu'.
- Adding an extra syllable or misplacing the stress.
난이도
CEFR A2 level. Understanding 'muter' in simple sentences related to job transfers is achievable for learners at this level. Recognizing its usage in common professional contexts requires some exposure to workplace vocabulary.
A2 learners can use 'muter' in basic sentences, especially in the passive voice ('être muté'). Producing varied sentence structures with correct prepositions might be challenging.
A2 learners can likely use 'muter' in simple requests or statements about job changes. Fluency and accuracy in more complex scenarios might require B1 level.
Recognizing 'muter' in spoken French, particularly in formal or semi-formal settings like HR discussions or workplace announcements, is manageable for A2 learners, especially when the context is clear.
다음에 무엇을 배울까
선수 학습
다음에 배울 것
고급
알아야 할 문법
Conjugation of regular -er verbs
Muter follows the standard conjugation pattern: je mute, tu mutes, il/elle mute, nous mutons, vous muez, ils/elles mutent.
Use of prepositions with verbs of movement/location
Muter à + city/country (Muter à Paris), Muter dans + department/region (Muter dans le nord).
Passive voice with 'être'
When an employee is transferred, we say 'Il est muté' (He is transferred) or 'Elle est mutée' (She is transferred). The past participle agrees in gender and number.
Infinitive clauses with 'de' or 'à'
Demander à muter, accepter de muter, refuser de muter.
Use of 'pour' to express purpose
Elle a demandé à muter pour acquérir de nouvelles compétences.
수준별 예문
Je veux muter dans une autre ville.
I want to transfer to another city.
'muter' is a regular -er verb. 'dans' is used here to indicate the destination city.
Mon frère a été muté à Paris.
My brother was transferred to Paris.
Passive voice 'être muté'. The past participle 'muté' agrees with the masculine subject 'frère'.
L'entreprise va muter des employés.
The company will transfer employees.
'muter' is used in the active voice here. 'des employés' is the direct object.
Elle demande à muter dans un autre département.
She is asking to transfer to another department.
'demander à + infinitive' is a common structure for requests. 'dans' is used before 'un autre département'.
Est-ce que je peux muter ici?
Can I transfer here?
Inversion for question form. 'ici' refers to the current location or department.
Il a refusé de muter.
He refused to transfer.
'refuser de + infinitive' means to refuse to do something.
Nous allons muter le projet.
We are going to transfer the project.
Here 'muter' is used slightly more abstractly, meaning to move the management or responsibility of a project.
La mutation est prévue pour janvier.
The transfer is planned for January.
Using the noun form 'mutation' (feminine) for the act of transferring.
Après des années dans le même service, elle a souhaité muter.
After years in the same department, she wished to transfer.
'souhaiter + infinitive' expresses a desire. The context implies an internal transfer.
L'entreprise encourage ses employés à muter pour acquérir de nouvelles compétences.
The company encourages its employees to transfer to gain new skills.
'encourager à + infinitive' means to encourage to do something. 'pour acquérir' indicates purpose.
Il a été muté à l'étranger, mais il reviendra l'année prochaine.
He was transferred abroad, but he will return next year.
Passive voice. 'à l'étranger' means abroad. Future tense 'reviendra' is used.
La demande de mutation doit être soumise avant le 15 du mois.
The transfer request must be submitted before the 15th of the month.
Using the noun 'mutation'. 'doit être soumise' (must be submitted) is a common passive construction.
Certains postes nécessitent de muter régulièrement.
Certain positions require transferring regularly.
'nécessiter de + infinitive' means to require doing something. 'régulièrement' indicates frequency.
Il a refusé la proposition de muter dans le sud.
He refused the offer to transfer to the south.
'refuser la proposition de + infinitive' is a way to express refusal of an offer.
La mobilité interne permet de muter facilement.
Internal mobility allows for easy transfers.
'permettre de + infinitive' means to allow to do something. 'facilement' is an adverb.
On m'a proposé de muter, mais j'ai préféré rester.
I was offered to transfer, but I preferred to stay.
'On m'a proposé' is passive. 'préférer + infinitive' expresses a preference.
La direction envisage de muter une partie de ses effectifs vers la nouvelle succursale.
Management is considering transferring some of its staff to the new branch.
'envisager de + infinitive' means to consider doing something. 'effectifs' refers to staff/personnel.
Il est essentiel de bien négocier les conditions avant d'accepter de muter.
It is essential to negotiate the conditions well before agreeing to transfer.
'Il est essentiel de + infinitive' expresses necessity. 'avant d'accepter' uses 'de' before a vowel.
Sa carrière a pris un tournant décisif lorsqu'il a accepté de muter dans ce département stratégique.
His career took a decisive turn when he agreed to transfer to this strategic department.
'prendre un tournant décisif' is an idiomatic expression. 'lorsqu'il a accepté' uses 'lorsque' + past tense.
La politique de mobilité interne vise à faciliter la mutation des employés vers des postes plus en adéquation avec leurs aspirations.
The internal mobility policy aims to facilitate the transfer of employees to positions more in line with their aspirations.
'viser à + infinitive' means to aim to do something. 'en adéquation avec' means in line with.
Le refus de muter sans motif valable peut avoir des conséquences sur l'évolution professionnelle.
Refusal to transfer without valid reason can have consequences on professional development.
'sans motif valable' means without valid reason. 'évolution professionnelle' refers to career progression.
On lui a proposé une mutation internationale, mais il a préféré rester dans son pays natal.
He was offered an international transfer, but he preferred to stay in his home country.
'On lui a proposé' (passive). 'pays natal' means home country.
La restructuration a entraîné la mutation de plusieurs équipes vers de nouveaux projets.
The restructuring led to the transfer of several teams to new projects.
'entraîner' means to lead to/cause. 'vers' indicates direction.
Pour répondre aux besoins du marché, il est parfois nécessaire de muter des compétences clés.
To meet market needs, it is sometimes necessary to transfer key skills.
'Pour répondre aux besoins' indicates purpose. 'compétences clés' means key skills.
La délocalisation de certaines activités a imposé la mutation de nombreux cadres vers des sites moins centraux.
The relocation of certain activities imposed the transfer of many managers to less central sites.
'délocalisation' means offshoring/relocation. 'imposer la mutation' means to impose the transfer. 'cadres' refers to managers/executives.
Il convient de peser soigneusement les avantages et les inconvénients avant d'accepter une mutation qui implique un changement de vie radical.
It is advisable to carefully weigh the pros and cons before accepting a transfer that involves a radical life change.
'Il convient de + infinitive' is a formal way to say 'it is advisable'. 'peser soigneusement' means to weigh carefully. 'radical' emphasizes the significant change.
L'entreprise a mis en place un programme de mentorat pour accompagner les employés lors de leur mutation.
The company has implemented a mentoring program to support employees during their transfer.
'mettre en place' means to implement. 'accompagner' means to support/guide. 'lors de' means during.
La jurisprudence tend à reconnaître le droit de l'employé à refuser une mutation jugée abusive.
Jurisprudence tends to recognize the employee's right to refuse a transfer deemed abusive.
'jurisprudence' refers to case law. 'tendre à reconnaître' means to tend to recognize. 'jugée abusive' means deemed abusive.
La stratégie de diversification de l'entreprise passe par la capacité à muter rapidement des talents vers des secteurs émergents.
The company's diversification strategy involves the ability to quickly transfer talent to emerging sectors.
'diversification' means diversification. 'passe par' means involves/goes through. 'secteurs émergents' means emerging sectors.
Les mutations géographiques imposées par le groupe ont suscité un vif mécontentement au sein des équipes.
The geographical transfers imposed by the group have caused strong dissatisfaction within the teams.
'imposées par' means imposed by. 'susciter un vif mécontentement' means to cause strong dissatisfaction.
Dans un monde du travail en constante évolution, la capacité à se projeter et à envisager une mutation devient une compétence clé.
In a constantly evolving world of work, the ability to project oneself and consider a transfer becomes a key skill.
'en constante évolution' means constantly evolving. 'se projeter' means to project oneself into the future. 'envisager' means to consider.
Il est primordial que la communication sur les mutations soit transparente et bienveillante.
It is paramount that communication about transfers be transparent and benevolent.
'primordial' means paramount/essential. 'transparente et bienveillante' emphasizes the manner of communication.
L'entreprise, confrontée à une obsolescence technologique rapide, a dû opérer des mutations profondes au sein de ses effectifs pour rester compétitive.
The company, faced with rapid technological obsolescence, had to make profound changes within its workforce to remain competitive.
'confrontée à' means faced with. 'obsolescence technologique' means technological obsolescence. 'opérer des mutations profondes' means to make profound changes/transformations. 'effectifs' refers to workforce.
La résilience organisationnelle se mesure souvent à la capacité d'une entreprise à orchestrer des mutations stratégiques sans compromettre son identité.
Organizational resilience is often measured by a company's ability to orchestrate strategic changes without compromising its identity.
'résilience organisationnelle' means organizational resilience. 'orchestrer des mutations stratégiques' means to orchestrate strategic changes. 'sans compromettre son identité' means without compromising its identity.
Au-delà du simple déplacement géographique, une mutation professionnelle réussie implique une assimilation culturelle et une adaptation aux nouvelles dynamiques de travail.
Beyond simple geographical relocation, a successful professional transfer involves cultural assimilation and adaptation to new work dynamics.
'Au-delà de' means beyond. 'assimilation culturelle' means cultural assimilation. 'dynamiques de travail' means work dynamics.
Le management doit anticiper les répercussions humaines de toute décision de mutation, en privilégiant une approche empathique et proactive.
Management must anticipate the human repercussions of any transfer decision, prioritizing an empathetic and proactive approach.
'anticiper les répercussions humaines' means to anticipate human repercussions. 'en privilégiant' means by prioritizing. 'proactive' means proactive.
La tertiarisation de l'économie a engendré des mutations structurelles majeures, redéfinissant les profils recherchés et les parcours professionnels.
The tertiarization of the economy has generated major structural changes, redefining the profiles sought and career paths.
'tertiairisation de l'économie' means the growth of the service sector. 'engendré' means generated. 'redéfinissant' means redefining.
Il est impératif que les directives relatives aux mutations soient formulées avec une clarté irréprochable pour éviter toute ambiguïté.
It is imperative that directives concerning transfers be formulated with impeccable clarity to avoid any ambiguity.
'impératif' means imperative. 'directives relatives à' means directives concerning. 'clarté irréprochable' means impeccable clarity. 'ambiguïté' means ambiguity.
L'adaptabilité, autrefois considérée comme une qualité secondaire, est devenue une prérogative essentielle pour naviguer les incessantes mutations du marché du travail.
Adaptability, once considered a secondary quality, has become an essential prerogative for navigating the incessant changes in the job market.
'autrefois' means formerly. 'prérogative essentielle' means essential prerogative. 'incessantes mutations' means incessant changes.
La complexité des processus de mutation exige une compréhension approfondie des enjeux humains, financiers et logistiques.
The complexity of transfer processes requires a deep understanding of the human, financial, and logistical stakes.
'enjeux' means stakes/challenges. 'logistiques' refers to logistics. 'compréhension approfondie' means deep understanding.
자주 쓰는 조합
자주 쓰는 구문
— I would like to transfer (my job). This is a direct and polite way to express a desire for a job transfer within the company.
Bonjour Madame Dubois, je voudrais muter dans le département marketing, s'il vous plaît.
— He/She was transferred. This is the passive voice, commonly used to state that someone has undergone a transfer.
Mon collègue, Marc, a été muté à Bordeaux le mois dernier.
— Transfer request. This refers to the formal application or document submitted to request a job transfer.
N'oubliez pas de soumettre votre demande de mutation avant la fin de la semaine.
— To accept a transfer. This means agreeing to the proposed change in job position or location.
Elle a finalement accepté une mutation à l'étranger pour une nouvelle opportunité.
— To refuse a transfer. This means declining the proposed change.
Il a refusé une mutation dans le sud, car il est très attaché à sa ville actuelle.
— Internal transfer. This specifies that the transfer is within the same company, distinguishing it from changing employers.
La politique de l'entreprise favorise la mutation interne pour le développement de carrière.
— To transfer to another city/region/country. This specifies the geographical scope of the transfer.
Il envisage de muter dans une autre ville pour se rapprocher de sa famille.
— To transfer to another department/service. This specifies the departmental scope of the transfer.
Elle a demandé à muter dans un autre service pour relever de nouveaux défis.
— Transfer conditions. This refers to the terms and benefits associated with a job transfer, such as relocation assistance or salary adjustments.
Les employés doivent négocier les conditions de mutation avant de les accepter.
— To facilitate the transfer. This means to make the process of transferring easier or smoother.
L'entreprise a mis en place des procédures pour faciliter la mutation de ses employés.
자주 혼동되는 단어
The noun 'mutation' refers to the act or process of transferring. 'Muter' is the verb form. Both are used in the context of job changes.
'Muter' is specifically an internal transfer within the same company. 'Changer d'emploi' means to change jobs, usually implying a change of employer.
'Déménager' means to move house. While a 'mutation' might involve 'déménager', the verb 'muter' focuses on the job change itself.
관용어 및 표현
— Literally 'to take a step to the side'. This idiom can sometimes refer to a lateral move or a transfer to a less prominent role, perhaps not a promotion, but a change in position. It's often used when the move isn't necessarily upward.
Il a fait un pas de côté pour rejoindre l'équipe de recherche, même si ce n'était pas une promotion.
— Literally 'to change wind'. This idiom means to change direction or to move to a new environment, which can sometimes apply to a job transfer, especially if it's a significant change in role or location.
Après dix ans dans la finance, il a décidé de changer de vent et de se lancer dans l'enseignement.
— Literally 'to turn the page'. This idiom means to move on from a past situation. Accepting a transfer can be a way to 'tourner la page' on a previous role or work environment.
Elle a accepté la mutation à l'étranger pour tourner la page sur ses déceptions passées.
— To take a new direction. A job transfer often signifies a 'nouvelle orientation' in one's career path.
Sa mutation dans le service R&D lui a permis de prendre une nouvelle orientation professionnelle.
— To reinvent oneself. A significant job transfer, especially to a new field or location, can be an opportunity to 'se réinventer'.
Il a saisi l'opportunité de muter pour se réinventer professionnellement.
— Literally 'to change air'. Similar to 'changer de vent', this implies moving to a new environment, often for a fresh start, which can be achieved through a job transfer.
Après tant d'années dans la même ville, il a eu envie de changer d'air et a accepté la mutation.
— To be about to leave. If someone is about to be transferred, they are 'sur le départ' from their current role.
Avec sa mutation prévue pour le mois prochain, il est déjà sur le départ de son poste actuel.
— Literally 'to make a jump'. This can refer to a significant career move or a jump to a new role or company, which a major transfer might represent.
Sa mutation à la direction marketing a été un grand saut dans sa carrière.
— To reposition oneself. A transfer can be a strategic move to 'se repositionner' within the company or the market.
Elle a utilisé cette mutation pour se repositionner sur des projets plus stratégiques.
— Literally 'to go look elsewhere'. While this usually implies changing employers, it can also refer to looking for opportunities within the company through a transfer.
Il a décidé d'aller voir ailleurs au sein de l'entreprise en demandant une mutation.
혼동하기 쉬운
Both 'muter' (verb) and 'mutation' (noun) relate to the concept of change, specifically job transfers. Learners might mix them up or use the verb when the noun is needed, or vice versa.
'Muter' is the action of transferring an employee. 'Mutation' is the transfer itself, or a change in general (including biological). For example, 'Il va <strong>muter</strong>' (He will transfer) vs. 'Sa <strong>mutation</strong> est prévue pour juillet' (His transfer is planned for July).
L'entreprise a décidé de <strong>muter</strong> le directeur. La <strong>mutation</strong> du directeur aura lieu en septembre.
Both terms relate to changing one's work situation. However, 'muter' implies remaining with the same employer.
'<strong>Muter</strong>' refers to an internal transfer within the same company (e.g., from sales to marketing). '<strong>Changer d'emploi</strong>' means to leave one job and take a new one, usually with a different company. For example, 'Il a été <strong>muté</strong> dans un autre département' vs. 'Il a <strong>changé d'emploi</strong> pour un poste mieux payé dans une autre entreprise.'
Elle a demandé à <strong>muter</strong> pour rester dans la même entreprise. Elle a décidé de <strong>changer d'emploi</strong> pour une startup.
Both 'muter' and 'affecter' can mean to assign someone to a position or department. 'Affecter' is often used for assigning tasks or roles, while 'muter' specifically implies a move, often geographical or departmental.
'<strong>Affecter</strong>' can mean to assign a task or a responsibility. '<strong>Muter</strong>' specifically refers to moving an employee to a new role or location within the same organization. For instance, 'Le chef de projet va l'<strong>affecter</strong> à une nouvelle tâche' (The project manager will assign him a new task) is different from 'Il a été <strong>muté</strong> à la direction' (He was transferred to management).
Le responsable l'a <strong>affecté</strong> à l'équipe de nuit. Il a été <strong>muté</strong> à la succursale de Lille.
'Déplacer' means to move something or someone. While a transfer ('mutation') involves moving, 'déplacer' is more general and can refer to temporary moves or moving objects.
'<strong>Muter</strong>' is specifically about an employee's job transfer within an organization. '<strong>Déplacer</strong>' is a broader term for moving. For example, 'Il faut <strong>déplacer</strong> ces meubles' (We need to move these pieces of furniture) is distinct from 'Il a été <strong>muté</strong> à Marseille' (He was transferred to Marseille). A 'déplacement professionnel' usually implies a business trip, not a permanent transfer.
L'entreprise va <strong>déplacer</strong> ses bureaux. Le vendeur a été <strong>muté</strong> dans le sud.
'Relocaliser' means to move a business or part of it to a new location. A 'mutation' might be a consequence of 'relocalisation', but the terms focus on different aspects.
'<strong>Relocaliser</strong>' refers to moving operations or facilities. '<strong>Muter</strong>' refers to an individual employee's transfer resulting from such a move or for other reasons. For example, 'L'usine sera <strong>relocalisée</strong>' (The factory will be relocated) might lead to employees being asked 'voulez-vous <strong>muter</strong> ?' (do you want to transfer?).
La société a décidé de <strong>relocaliser</strong> son siège. Les employés qui le souhaitent pourront <strong>muter</strong> vers le nouveau site.
문장 패턴
Subject + muter + à/dans + Place
Je mute à Paris.
Subject + être muté(e) + à/dans + Place
Il est muté dans le sud.
Subject + vouloir + muter
Elle veut muter.
Subject + demander à + muter
Je demande à muter au marketing.
Subject + accepter/refuser de + muter
Il accepte de muter, mais elle refuse de muter.
La/Le + noun + de mutation + est + adjective
La demande de mutation est acceptée.
Il faut + muter + pour + infinitive
Il faut muter pour avoir une promotion.
Subject + envisager de + muter
Nous envisageons de muter nos équipes vers le nouveau siège.
어휘 가족
명사
동사
관련
사용법
Common in professional and administrative contexts.
-
Using 'muter' for changing employers.
→
changer d'emploi
'Muter' is exclusively for internal transfers within the same company. If you are moving to a different company, you 'change jobs' ('changer d'emploi'). For example, 'Il a muté dans le département voisin' (He transferred to the neighboring department) is correct, but 'Il a muté dans une nouvelle entreprise' is incorrect; it should be 'Il a changé d'emploi pour aller dans une nouvelle entreprise'.
-
Incorrect preposition: 'muter à' for departments.
→
'muter dans' for departments/regions.
While 'muter à' is used for cities or countries (e.g., 'muter à Tokyo'), for departments or broader regions within a company, 'muter dans' is the correct preposition. Saying 'muter au département marketing' is less common than 'muter dans le département marketing'.
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Forgetting gender/number agreement in the passive voice.
→
être muté(e)(s)
When 'muter' is used in the passive voice with 'être', the past participle 'muté' must agree with the subject. For example, 'Elle est mutée' (feminine singular), 'Ils sont mutés' (masculine plural), 'Elles sont mutées' (feminine plural).
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Using 'muter' for temporary business trips.
→
déplacement, mission
'Muter' implies a more permanent change in role or location. For short-term work assignments or business trips, use 'déplacement' (e.g., 'un déplacement professionnel') or 'mission'. Saying 'Il a muté pour une semaine' is incorrect; it should be 'Il est en déplacement pour une semaine'.
-
Confusing with biological 'mutation'.
→
In professional contexts, use 'muter' for job transfers. For biological changes, use the noun 'mutation' or specific biological verbs.
While the root is the same, 'muter' in everyday French almost exclusively means job transfer. Using it for genetic changes can be confusing. For example, 'L'ADN a muté' is technically correct in a scientific context, but in general conversation, it's better to say 'L'ADN a subi une mutation' or stick to professional contexts for the verb 'muter'.
팁
Prepositions with 'Muter'
Remember to use the correct prepositions: 'muter à' for cities/countries (e.g., 'muter à Londres') and 'muter dans' for departments/regions (e.g., 'muter dans le service marketing'). This distinction is important for clarity.
Internal vs. External Moves
Always distinguish between 'muter' (internal transfer within the same company) and 'changer d'emploi' (changing jobs, usually with a new employer). Using the wrong term can cause confusion.
Passive Voice is Common
In French, it's very common to use the passive voice with 'être muté' when talking about an employee being transferred. For instance, 'Mon collègue sera muté' (My colleague will be transferred) is more frequent than 'L'entreprise mutera mon collègue'.
Professional Focus
The verb 'muter' is almost exclusively used in a professional or administrative context related to job transfers. Avoid using it for general changes unless the context is very clear.
The French 'R'
Pay attention to the French 'r' sound at the end of 'muter'. It's a guttural sound produced in the back of the throat, unlike the English 'r'.
Link to 'Change'
Connect 'muter' to the idea of 'change' (from the Latin 'mutare'). Imagine someone changing their work environment, department, or city through this verb.
Internal Mobility Culture
Understand that in many French-speaking workplaces, internal mobility ('mutation') is encouraged and seen as a positive career development tool. This context can help you use the word more naturally.
Agreement in Passive Voice
When using 'être muté', remember that the past participle 'muté' must agree in gender and number with the subject. Example: 'Elle est mutée', 'Ils sont mutés'.
Noun 'Mutation'
Be aware of the noun form 'mutation'. It refers to the transfer itself. For example, 'La mutation est prévue pour janvier' (The transfer is planned for January).
Sentence Creation
Create your own sentences describing hypothetical job transfers. Try to include different subjects, destinations, and reasons for the transfer to practice various structures.
암기하기
기억법
Imagine an employee named 'Mute' who always stays quiet. But one day, the company decided to 'Mute'-r him to a new department because he was too quiet in his old one. The 'Mute'-r sound is like 'moo-ter', like a cow moving to a new pasture.
시각적 연상
Picture a person holding a suitcase, standing in front of a sign that says 'MUTER' with an arrow pointing towards a new building. The suitcase represents moving, and the sign directly links it to the word.
Word Web
챌린지
Try to use 'muter' in three sentences describing hypothetical job transfers for yourself or friends, focusing on different prepositions and contexts (e.g., a city, a department, a country).
어원
The French verb 'muter' derives from the Latin verb 'mutare', meaning 'to change'. This root is shared with many words in Romance languages and English related to change and transformation.
원래 의미: To change.
Indo-European > Italic > Latin > Romance > French문화적 맥락
When discussing 'muter', it's important to be aware of the employee's feelings. A transfer can be exciting or daunting. While the term itself is neutral, the context and manner of discussion should be considerate of the individual's personal circumstances and career aspirations. Involuntary transfers, especially, can be a sensitive topic.
In English-speaking countries, similar terms include 'transfer', 'relocate', 'reassign', or 'move'. The concept is identical, but the specific French verb 'muter' is the precise term for this internal organizational movement.
실생활에서 연습하기
실제 사용 상황
Human Resources Department
- Demande de mutation
- Approbation de mutation
- Conditions de mutation
- Date de mutation
Employee discussing career options
- Je voudrais muter.
- Est-ce possible de muter ?
- J'envisage de muter.
- Je cherche à muter.
Manager discussing team changes
- Nous allons muter quelques personnes.
- Il a été muté.
- Elle souhaite muter.
- La mutation est effective le...
Formal communication (email, letter)
- Veuillez noter votre mutation.
- Nous vous informons de votre mutation.
- Suite à votre demande de mutation...
- Votre mutation prendra effet le...
General conversation about jobs
- Il a muté à Lyon.
- Elle a refusé de muter.
- Les mutations sont fréquentes ici.
- J'ai muté l'année dernière.
대화 시작하기
"As-tu déjà envisagé de muter dans une autre ville pour ton travail ?"
"Si tu pouvais muter n'importe où dans le monde pour ton emploi, où irais-tu ?"
"Comment penses-tu que le fait de muter affecte la vie familiale ?"
"Quelles sont, selon toi, les principales raisons pour lesquelles une entreprise propose de muter un employé ?"
"As-tu déjà connu quelqu'un qui a dû muter et comment cela s'est passé ?"
일기 주제
Imagine que ton entreprise te propose de muter dans un autre pays. Décris où tu irais, pourquoi, et comment tu te préparerais pour ce changement.
Écris une lettre à ton manager pour demander une mutation dans un département différent. Explique tes motivations et ce que tu espères apporter.
Raconte l'histoire d'un personnage fictif qui accepte une mutation difficile mais qui finit par être bénéfique pour sa carrière.
Réfléchis aux avantages et aux inconvénients d'une mutation professionnelle. Listez-les et expliquez pourquoi certains sont plus importants pour toi.
Si tu devais expliquer le concept de 'muter' à quelqu'un qui ne connaît pas le français, comment le ferais-tu en utilisant des exemples simples ?
자주 묻는 질문
10 질문'Muter' specifically refers to an internal transfer within the same company. You are moving to a different department, position, or location, but the employer remains the same. 'Changer d'emploi' means to leave your current job and take a new one, usually with a different employer. So, if you are moving to a new company, you are changing jobs; if you are moving to a different department within your current company, you are 'muter'.
Generally, you use 'muter à' when referring to a city, country, or a specific, singular location (e.g., 'muter à Paris', 'muter au Japon'). You use 'muter dans' when referring to a department, a region, or a more general area (e.g., 'muter dans le département marketing', 'muter dans le sud de la France').
Typically, 'muter' implies a more permanent change in assignment or location. If the move is temporary, such as for a business trip or a short-term project, other terms like 'déplacement' (business trip) or 'mission' (assignment) might be used. However, 'muter' can sometimes be used for longer-term assignments, like a year abroad, which are still considered transfers.
The verb 'muter' is primarily used in the context of employment. It refers to the transfer of an employee within an organization. While the root meaning is 'to change', in common French usage, it is almost exclusively tied to professional transfers.
The noun form is 'mutation'. So, if someone is going to 'muter', they will undergo a 'mutation'. For example, 'Il va muter' (He will transfer) and 'Sa mutation est prévue' (His transfer is planned).
Not necessarily. While it often involves a change of location (city, country), 'muter' can also mean transferring to a different department or position within the same physical location. The key is the change in role or responsibility within the same company.
You can say 'On m'a proposé une mutation' or 'On m'a offert une mutation'. If you want to be more specific about the verb, you could say 'On m'a proposé de muter'.
Companies might 'muter' employees for various reasons: restructuring, filling needs in other departments or locations, employee development, career progression opportunities, or sometimes due to performance issues. The reasons can be voluntary (employee request) or involuntary (company decision).
The term 'muter' itself is neutral. Whether it is perceived as positive or negative depends entirely on the context and the individual's circumstances. A transfer can be a great opportunity for growth and new experiences, or it can be disruptive and unwelcome.
'Muter' is a regular -er verb. The present tense conjugation is: je mute, tu mutes, il/elle/on mute, nous mutons, vous muez, ils/elles mutent. The past participle is 'muté'.
셀프 테스트 10 질문
/ 10 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
The verb 'muter' is essential for discussing internal job transfers within a company. It signifies a formal change in an employee's position, department, or location, distinct from changing employers.
- Muter: To transfer an employee to a different role or location within the same company.
- Used in professional contexts for internal job changes.
- Key for understanding workplace discussions and HR matters.
- Distinguish from changing employers.
Prepositions with 'Muter'
Remember to use the correct prepositions: 'muter à' for cities/countries (e.g., 'muter à Londres') and 'muter dans' for departments/regions (e.g., 'muter dans le service marketing'). This distinction is important for clarity.
Internal vs. External Moves
Always distinguish between 'muter' (internal transfer within the same company) and 'changer d'emploi' (changing jobs, usually with a new employer). Using the wrong term can cause confusion.
Passive Voice is Common
In French, it's very common to use the passive voice with 'être muté' when talking about an employee being transferred. For instance, 'Mon collègue sera muté' (My colleague will be transferred) is more frequent than 'L'entreprise mutera mon collègue'.
Professional Focus
The verb 'muter' is almost exclusively used in a professional or administrative context related to job transfers. Avoid using it for general changes unless the context is very clear.
관련 콘텐츠
work 관련 단어
à distance
A2원격으로, 현장에 직접 있지 않고 하는 것.
à durée déterminée
B1For a fixed or definite period; fixed-term.
à durée indéterminée
B1무기한의; 정규직의 (계약 등).
à la fin
A2마지막에 (majimag-e)
à la journée
B1매일, 또는 하루 동안의 기간 또는 지불.
à la semaine
B1Weekly, by the week.
à l'année
B1Annually, by the year.
à l'attention de
B1귀하; 공식적인 서신이나 이메일에서 특정 수신인을 지정할 때 사용됩니다.
à l'avance
A2미리 또는 사전에 무언가를 하는 것.
à l'issue de
A2결과적으로, ~의 끝에. 회의나 경기와 같은 공식적인 행사가 끝난 시점을 나타낼 때 주로 사용됩니다.
