A1 Articles 1 min read 쉬움

Indefinite Articles (enas, mia, ena)

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Greek indefinite articles (ένας, μία, ένα) must match the gender of the noun they describe.

  • Use 'ένας' for masculine nouns: ένας φίλος (a friend).
  • Use 'μία' for feminine nouns: μία μέρα (a day).
  • Use 'ένα' for neuter nouns: ένα παιδί (a child).
Article (Gendered) + Noun (Gendered) = Correct Phrase

Indefinite Article Gender Table

Gender Article Example Meaning
Masculine
ένας
ένας φίλος
a friend
Feminine
μία/μια
μία γυναίκα
a woman
Neuter
ένα
ένα παιδί
a child

Common Short Forms

Full Form Short Form Usage
μία
μια
Informal/Neutral

Meanings

Indefinite articles are used to introduce a noun that is not specific or previously mentioned.

1

Indefinite quantity

Referring to one item among many.

“Ένας καφές, παρακαλώ.”

“Μία γυναίκα περιμένει.”

Reference Table

Reference table for Indefinite Articles (enas, mia, ena)
Form Structure Example
Affirmative
Article + Noun
Ένας σκύλος
Negative
Δεν + Verb + Article + Noun
Δεν έχω ένα σκύλο
Question
Article + Noun + Verb?
Ένας σκύλος τρέχει;
Short Answer
Article + Noun
Ένας σκύλος.

격식 수준 스펙트럼

격식체
Χρειάζομαι έναν καφέ.

Χρειάζομαι έναν καφέ. (Ordering)

중립
Θέλω έναν καφέ.

Θέλω έναν καφέ. (Ordering)

비격식체
Θέλω έναν καφέ.

Θέλω έναν καφέ. (Ordering)

속어
Έναν καφέ, φίλε.

Έναν καφέ, φίλε. (Ordering)

Gender Mapping

Indefinite Articles

Masculine

  • ένας a

Feminine

  • μία a

Neuter

  • ένα a

수준별 예문

1

Ένας φίλος.

A friend.

2

Μία μέρα.

A day.

3

Ένα παιδί.

A child.

4

Ένας καφές.

A coffee.

1

Θέλω ένα μήλο.

I want an apple.

2

Είδα μία ταινία.

I saw a movie.

3

Ένας άντρας μιλάει.

A man is speaking.

4

Είναι ένα πρόβλημα.

It is a problem.

1

Ψάχνω για μία δουλειά.

I am looking for a job.

2

Ένας σκύλος γαβγίζει.

A dog is barking.

3

Ένα βιβλίο είναι ανοιχτό.

A book is open.

4

Μια γυναίκα περιμένει.

A woman is waiting.

1

Χρειάζομαι ένα εισιτήριο.

I need a ticket.

2

Ένας καθηγητής εξηγεί.

A professor explains.

3

Μία ιδέα γεννήθηκε.

An idea was born.

4

Είναι ένα σπάνιο φαινόμενο.

It is a rare phenomenon.

1

Ένας άγνωστος χτύπησε την πόρτα.

A stranger knocked on the door.

2

Μία αίσθηση ηρεμίας κυριάρχησε.

A sense of calm prevailed.

3

Ένα αίνιγμα παραμένει.

A mystery remains.

4

Ένας στόχος επιτεύχθηκε.

A goal was achieved.

1

Ένας αρχαίος μύθος αναβιώνει.

An ancient myth is revived.

2

Μία αμφιβολία διακατέχει τον ήρωα.

A doubt possesses the hero.

3

Ένα παράδοξο προκύπτει.

A paradox arises.

4

Ένας ορίζοντας ανοίγεται.

A horizon opens.

혼동하기 쉬운

Indefinite Articles (enas, mia, ena) Definite vs Indefinite

Learners mix up 'the' and 'a'.

Indefinite Articles (enas, mia, ena) Number 'one' vs Article

They are the same word.

Indefinite Articles (enas, mia, ena) Gender agreement

Using the wrong gender.

자주 하는 실수

ένας γυναίκα

μία γυναίκα

Gender mismatch.

μία φίλος

ένας φίλος

Gender mismatch.

ένα άντρας

ένας άντρας

Gender mismatch.

ένας παιδί

ένα παιδί

Gender mismatch.

ένα μέρα

μία μέρα

Gender mismatch.

μία δουλειάς

μία δουλειά

Incorrect case usage.

ένας ταινία

μία ταινία

Gender mismatch.

ένα σκύλος

ένας σκύλος

Gender mismatch.

μία βιβλίο

ένα βιβλίο

Gender mismatch.

ένας πρόβλημα

ένα πρόβλημα

Gender mismatch.

ένα καθηγητής

ένας καθηγητής

Gender mismatch.

μία αίνιγμα

ένα αίνιγμα

Gender mismatch.

ένας στόχος

ένας στόχος

Correct, but check context.

문장 패턴

Θέλω ___ ___.

Είδα ___ ___.

Είναι ___ ___.

Ψάχνω για ___ ___.

Real World Usage

Ordering coffee constant

Έναν καφέ, παρακαλώ.

Social media very common

Είδα μία ταινία!

Job interview common

Ψάχνω μία δουλειά.

Travel common

Ένα εισιτήριο.

Food delivery very common

Θέλω μία πίτα.

Classroom common

Είναι ένα βιβλίο.

💡

Memorize with Nouns

Always learn the noun with its article.
⚠️

Gender Mismatch

Watch out for feminine nouns ending in -ος.
🎯

Listen for the Ending

Nouns ending in -α are usually feminine.
💬

Casual Speech

In speech, 'μία' often becomes 'μια'.

Smart Tips

Learn the article with the noun.

φίλος ένας φίλος

Look at the noun ending.

γυναίκα μία γυναίκα

Use the short form 'μια'.

μία γυναίκα μια γυναίκα

Check for gender agreement.

ένας γυναίκα μία γυναίκα

발음

EH-nas

Stress

The stress is usually on the first syllable.

Statement

Ένας φίλος. ↘

Neutral tone.

암기하기

기억법

Remember 'E-M-E': Enas (Masc), Mia (Fem), Ena (Neut).

시각적 연상

Imagine a man (ένας) holding a flower, a woman (μία) holding a book, and a child (ένα) holding a toy.

Rhyme

Ένας for the man, μία for the lady, ένα for the baby.

Story

Ένας man walked into a shop. He saw μία woman buying a gift. They bought ένα toy for their child.

Word Web

έναςμίαέναφίλοςγυναίκαπαιδί

챌린지

Label 5 items in your room with their correct article.

문화 노트

Gender is very important in Greek culture and language.

Derived from the ancient Greek numeral 'heis' (one).

대화 시작하기

Τι θέλεις;

Τι βλέπεις;

Ποιος είναι αυτός;

Τι ψάχνεις;

일기 주제

Describe your day using 5 nouns.
What do you want to buy?
Describe a person you know.
Describe a problem you had.

자주 하는 실수

Incorrect

정답


Incorrect

정답


Incorrect

정답


Incorrect

정답

Test Yourself

Fill in the blank.

___ φίλος.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ένας
Masculine noun.
Choose the correct article. 객관식

___ γυναίκα.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: μία
Feminine noun.
Correct the error. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

ένας γυναίκα

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: μία γυναίκα
Gender mismatch.
Reorder the sentence. Sentence Reorder

Arrange the words in the correct order:

All words placed

Click words above to build the sentence

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: είναι ένας φίλος
Correct word order.
Translate to Greek. 번역

A child.

Answer starts with: ένα...

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ένα παιδί
Neuter noun.
Match the article to the gender. Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ένας
Masculine article.
Fill in the blank.

___ πρόβλημα.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ένα
Neuter noun.
Choose the correct article. 객관식

___ άντρας.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ένας
Masculine noun.

Score: /8

연습 문제

8 exercises
Fill in the blank.

___ φίλος.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ένας
Masculine noun.
Choose the correct article. 객관식

___ γυναίκα.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: μία
Feminine noun.
Correct the error. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

ένας γυναίκα

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: μία γυναίκα
Gender mismatch.
Reorder the sentence. Sentence Reorder

φίλος ένας είναι

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: είναι ένας φίλος
Correct word order.
Translate to Greek. 번역

A child.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ένα παιδί
Neuter noun.
Match the article to the gender. Match Pairs

Masculine

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ένας
Masculine article.
Fill in the blank.

___ πρόβλημα.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ένα
Neuter noun.
Choose the correct article. 객관식

___ άντρας.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ένας
Masculine noun.

Score: /8

자주 묻는 질문 (8)

Because Greek has three genders.

No, that is grammatically incorrect.

Yes, 'μια' is just a shorter version.

No, plural uses different words.

Yes, they look the same.

Use 'ο' for specific things.

No, just practice gender.

Yes, they are standard.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Spanish high

un/una

Greek has three genders, Spanish has two.

French high

un/une

Greek has three genders, French has two.

German high

ein/eine

Greek has different articles for neuter.

Japanese none

none

Greek requires articles.

Arabic low

none

Greek uses separate words.

Chinese none

none

Greek uses gendered articles.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Related Grammar Rules

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