A1 Prepositions & Connectors 6 min read 쉬움

도시와 국가에 쓰이는 전치사 (à, en, au)

장소의 성별과 수에 따라 딱 맞는 단어를 골라보세요: «à» (도시), en (여성형 국가), au (남성형 국가), aux (복수형 국가).

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use 'à' for cities, 'en' for feminine countries, and 'au' for masculine countries to describe where you are or are going.

  • Cities: Always use 'à' (e.g., à Paris).
  • Feminine Countries: Use 'en' (e.g., en France).
  • Masculine Countries: Use 'au' (e.g., au Japon).
City + à | Country(f) + en | Country(m) + au

Overview

프랑스어에서 le Japonla France를 왜 다르게 취급하는지 궁금해한 적이 있나요? 한국어에서는 단순히 '~에' 또는 '~로'를 쓰지만, 프랑스어는 장소의 '성별'에 따라 전치사가 달라집니다.
장소 전치사는 여러분의 여행 이야기를 이어주는 접착제와 같습니다.

How This Grammar Works

프랑스어에서 거의 모든 국가는 성별이 있습니다. 보통 -e로 끝나는 국가는 여성형 la(f)이고, 나머지는 남성형 le(m)입니다.

Formation Pattern

1
도시: à 사용.
2
여성 국가: en 사용.
3
모음으로 시작하는 남성 국가: en 사용.
4
자음으로 시작하는 남성 국가: au 사용.
5
복수 국가: aux 사용.

When To Use It

어떤 장소에 '있거나' 그곳으로 '갈' 때 이 전치사들을 사용합니다.

Common Mistakes

가장 흔한 실수는 여성 국가에 au를 사용하는 것입니다 (예: au France).

Contrast With Similar Patterns

국가명(en France)과 건물명(au cinéma)을 혼동하지 마세요.

Quick FAQ

Q

텍사스 주는요? A: 남성형 주는 au Texas, 여성형 주는 en Californie를 씁니다.

Preposition Selection Guide

Category Gender/Type Preposition Example
City
N/A
à
à Paris
Country
Feminine
en
en France
Country
Masculine
au
au Japon
Country
Plural
aux
aux États-Unis

Contractions

Preposition Article Contraction
à
le
au
à
les
aux

Meanings

These prepositions indicate location (where you are) or direction (where you are going) relative to cities and countries.

1

Location/Direction

Indicating presence in or movement toward a geographical place.

“Je suis à Berlin.”

“Nous allons en Espagne.”

Reference Table

Reference table for 도시와 국가에 쓰이는 전치사 (à, en, au)
장소 유형 전치사 (~에/~로) 전치사 (~로부터) 예시
도시
à
de / d'
à Paris / de Lyon
여성형 국가
en
de / d'
en France / d'Italie
남성형 국가 (자음 시작)
au
du
au Japon / du Canada
남성형 국가 (모음 시작)
en
d'
en Iran / d'Angola
복수형 국가
aux
des
aux USA / des Pays-Bas
작은 섬
à
de / d'
à Cuba / de Chypre

격식 수준 스펙트럼

격식체
Je réside à Paris.

Je réside à Paris. (Residence)

중립
J'habite à Paris.

J'habite à Paris. (Residence)

비격식체
J'suis à Paris.

J'suis à Paris. (Residence)

속어
J'habite sur Paris.

J'habite sur Paris. (Residence)

프랑스어 장소 전치사

전치사

도시

  • à Paris 파리에
  • à New York 뉴욕에

국가

  • en France 프랑스에 (여성형)
  • au Japon 일본에 (남성형)

가기/있기 vs. 오기

~에 / ~로
en France 프랑스에/로
au Canada 캐나다에/로
~로부터
de France 프랑스에서
du Canada 캐나다에서

올바른 단어 선택하기

1

도시인가요?

YES
à 사용
NO
다음 단계로
2

복수형인가요?

YES
aux 사용
NO ↓

국가 성별 카테고리

👠

여성형 (en)

  • France
  • Italie
  • Chine
🎩

남성형 (au)

  • Japon
  • Brésil
  • Canada

수준별 예문

1

J'habite à Paris.

I live in Paris.

2

Je vais en France.

I am going to France.

3

Il est au Japon.

He is in Japan.

4

Nous sommes à Lyon.

We are in Lyon.

1

Elle travaille en Italie.

She works in Italy.

2

Tu habites au Canada?

Do you live in Canada?

3

Je voyage à Madrid.

I am traveling to Madrid.

4

Ils habitent en Espagne.

They live in Spain.

1

Je pars en vacances au Portugal.

I am going on vacation to Portugal.

2

Elle a déménagé à Berlin l'année dernière.

She moved to Berlin last year.

3

Il étudie en Allemagne.

He is studying in Germany.

4

Nous irons au Mexique en été.

We will go to Mexico in the summer.

1

Le sommet a eu lieu à Genève.

The summit took place in Geneva.

2

L'entreprise est basée en Belgique.

The company is based in Belgium.

3

Il a voyagé au Vietnam pour son travail.

He traveled to Vietnam for his work.

4

Elle réside en Suisse depuis deux ans.

She has resided in Switzerland for two years.

1

La conférence se tiendra à Bruxelles.

The conference will be held in Brussels.

2

Il a passé son enfance en Argentine.

He spent his childhood in Argentina.

3

Le projet est déployé au Maroc.

The project is deployed in Morocco.

4

Elle a été nommée ambassadrice en Grèce.

She was appointed ambassador in Greece.

1

Les accords ont été signés à Vienne.

The agreements were signed in Vienna.

2

Il a vécu en Égypte durant la révolution.

He lived in Egypt during the revolution.

3

Le siège social est situé au Luxembourg.

The headquarters is located in Luxembourg.

4

Elle a étudié la culture au Pérou.

She studied the culture in Peru.

혼동하기 쉬운

Prepositions with Cities and Countries (à, en, au) à vs dans

Learners use 'dans' for location like in English.

Prepositions with Cities and Countries (à, en, au) en vs au

Learners don't know the gender of the country.

Prepositions with Cities and Countries (à, en, au) à vs en

Learners use 'en' for cities.

자주 하는 실수

à France

en France

Countries use en/au, not à.

en Paris

à Paris

Cities always use à.

au France

en France

France is feminine.

en Japon

au Japon

Japon is masculine.

à le Japon

au Japon

à + le = au.

en Canada

au Canada

Canada is masculine.

à États-Unis

aux États-Unis

Plural countries use aux.

dans France

en France

Dans is for containers, not countries.

au Italie

en Italie

Italie is feminine.

à Mexique

au Mexique

Mexique is masculine.

en Londres

à Londres

Cities are always à.

au Allemagne

en Allemagne

Allemagne is feminine.

à Brésil

au Brésil

Brésil is masculine.

en États-Unis

aux États-Unis

Plural requires aux.

문장 패턴

J'habite à ___.

Je vais en ___.

Il travaille au ___.

Nous voyageons aux ___.

Real World Usage

Social Media very common

En vacances au Mexique!

Travel Booking common

Vol pour le Japon.

Job Interview common

J'ai travaillé en Allemagne.

Texting constant

T'es à Paris ?

Food Delivery occasional

Cuisine du Japon.

News Report very common

Le sommet à Genève.

🎯

모음 법칙

국가 이름이 모음으로 시작하면 성별 상관없이 en을 쓰세요. 훨씬 자연스러워요!
Je suis en Italie.
⚠️

끝글자 'E'의 함정

끝이 -e로 끝난다고 다 여성형은 아니에요. le Mexique 같은 함정을 조심하세요!
Je vais au Mexique.
💬

섬나라 스타일

쿠바나 아이티 같은 섬나라는 도시처럼 à를 쓰는 경우가 많아요. Je vais à Cuba.

Smart Tips

Check if it ends in 'e'.

Je vais à France. Je vais en France.

Always use 'à'.

Je vais en Paris. Je vais à Paris.

Use 'au'.

Je vais en Japon. Je vais au Japon.

Use 'aux'.

Je vais en États-Unis. Je vais aux États-Unis.

발음

en Italie [ɑ̃.ni.ta.li]

Liaison

When the next word starts with a vowel, the 'n' in 'en' is pronounced.

Rising for questions

Tu vas au Japon ? ↑

Indicates a question.

암기하기

기억법

Cities are 'à' (a point), feminine countries are 'en' (the 'e' matches), masculine countries are 'au' (the 'u' is for the masculine).

시각적 연상

Imagine a map. Put a tiny dot (à) on cities. Draw a circle around feminine countries (en) and a square around masculine ones (au).

Rhyme

Cities take à, countries take en, unless they are masculine, then use au again.

Story

Marie lives in Paris (à). She travels to France (en) to visit her friend. Then she flies to Japan (au) for work.

Word Web

àenauauxvillepayshabitervoyager

챌린지

Write 5 sentences about where you live and where you want to travel using the correct prepositions.

문화 노트

French people are very precise about these prepositions; using the wrong one is a clear marker of a non-native speaker.

The rules remain the same, but regional names like 'au Québec' are common.

Similar to France, 'en Belgique' is used.

These prepositions evolved from Latin 'ad' (to) and 'in' (in).

대화 시작하기

Où habites-tu ?

Tu aimes voyager ?

Où est ton entreprise ?

Quelle ville préfères-tu ?

일기 주제

Describe your dream vacation.
Where have you lived in your life?
Compare two countries you have visited.
Discuss the importance of travel.

자주 하는 실수

Incorrect

정답


Incorrect

정답


Incorrect

정답


Incorrect

정답

Test Yourself

빈칸에 à, en, au, aux 중 알맞은 것을 넣으세요.

Je vais ___ Canada cet hiver.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: au
캐나다는 자음으로 시작하는 남성형 국가라서 'au'를 사용해요.
어떤 문장이 올바른가요? 객관식

문법적으로 맞는 문장을 고르세요:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: J'habite à Paris.
프랑스어에서 도시 앞에는 항상 전치사 'à'를 사용합니다.
틀린 부분을 찾아서 고쳐보세요. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Elle travaille au Italie.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Elle travaille en Italie.
이탈리아(Italie)는 여성형이고 모음으로 시작하므로 'en'을 써야 해요.

Score: /3

연습 문제

8 exercises
Fill in the blank.

J'habite ___ Paris.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: à
Paris is a city.
Choose the correct preposition. 객관식

Je vais ___ France.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: en
France is a feminine country.
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Il est à Japon.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Il est au Japon.
Japon is masculine.
Build the sentence. Sentence Building

aller / nous / Japon / au

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nous allons au Japon.
Correct word order.
Match the place with the preposition. Match Pairs

Paris, France, Japon

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: à, en, au
Correct mapping.
Fill in the blank.

Ils habitent ___ États-Unis.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: aux
Plural country.
Choose the correct preposition. 객관식

Elle travaille ___ Italie.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: en
Italie is feminine.
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Je suis en Londres.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Je suis à Londres.
Cities use à.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

10 exercises
빈칸을 채우세요 빈칸 채우기

Nous voyageons ___ Japon.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: au
빈칸을 채우세요 빈칸 채우기

Tu vas ___ Espagne ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: en
틀린 부분을 고치세요 Error Correction

Je suis en Londres.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Je suis à Londres.
프랑스어로 번역하세요 번역

나는 미국에 있어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Je suis aux États-Unis.
단어를 순서대로 배열하세요 Sentence Reorder

habitons / en / Nous / Suisse

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nous habitons en Suisse.
알맞은 단어는? 객관식

Bienvenue ___ Mexique !

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: au
장소와 전치사를 매칭하세요 Match Pairs

알맞게 연결하세요:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Paris : à, Chine : en, Maroc : au, Philippines : aux
빈칸을 채우세요 빈칸 채우기

Elle vient ___ Brésil.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: du
틀린 부분을 고치세요 Error Correction

Je vais en Portugal.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Je vais au Portugal.
어느 것이 맞을까요? 객관식

나는 베를린에 가요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Je vais à Berlin.

Score: /10

자주 묻는 질문 (8)

Japon is masculine, France is feminine.

No, use 'en' or 'au'.

Cities always use 'à'.

Yes, some islands like 'à Cuba'.

If it doesn't end in 'e', it's usually masculine.

Use 'aux'.

Only for specific islands.

Use flashcards for country genders.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Spanish partial

en

French requires gender and type distinction.

German partial

in/nach

French uses the same preposition for both.

English low

in/to

French is highly sensitive to noun gender.

Japanese low

ni/e

French prepositions come before the noun.

Arabic low

fi/ila

French merges location and direction.

Chinese low

zai

French has a complex system of prepositions.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Was this helpful?
아직 댓글이 없습니다. 첫 번째로 생각을 공유하세요!