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B1 verb 11분 분량

outrager

예시 outrager 30초 만에
설명 outrager in your Level:
At the A1 level, 'outrager' is a very advanced word that you probably won't use yet. However, it's good to know that it's a very strong way to say 'to be very mean' or 'to insult someone'. Think of it as 'super-insulter'. At this stage, you should stick to words like 'méchant' (mean) or 'dire des bêtises' (to say silly/bad things). If you see 'outrager' in a book, just remember it means someone did something really disrespectful that made others very unhappy. It’s like when a child does something they know is very forbidden. You won't hear this in a basic conversation about the weather or ordering food, but you might see it in a simple story about a king or a hero who was treated badly by a villain. The most important thing to remember is that it's a 'bad' action word.
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For A2 learners, 'outrager' is a word you might start to see in news headlines or simple stories. It means 'to insult deeply'. At this level, you are learning about emotions and social rules. 'Outrager' is when someone breaks those rules in a big way. For example, if someone is very rude to a police officer, the news might say they 'outraged' the officer. It’s a step up from 'insulter'. You can remember it by thinking of the English word 'outrage'. If something is an 'outrage', it makes you feel shocked. So, 'outrager' is the verb for doing that shocking thing. You should focus on recognizing the word when you hear it in formal situations, rather than trying to use it in your everyday speech with friends.
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At the B1 level, you should be able to understand and use 'outrager' in specific contexts. This is the level where you start talking about social issues, laws, and more complex feelings. 'Outrager' is perfect for describing a serious lack of respect. You might use it when discussing a movie where the villain treats the hero with no dignity, or when talking about a political scandal. It's a regular '-er' verb, so you can conjugate it easily (j'outrage, tu outrages, etc.). Remember that it always needs an object—you outrage *someone* or *something*. It’s a great word to use in a writing assignment to show that you understand the difference between a small insult and a deep, moral offense. It helps you sound more mature and precise in your descriptions of conflict.
At B2, you are expected to handle nuances. 'Outrager' is a key word for discussing French culture and law. You should understand the legal term 'outrage à agent' and be able to use the verb in debates about ethics or history. You should also be able to use the passive voice: 'Il a été outragé par ses paroles.' This level requires you to distinguish between 'outrager' and synonyms like 'offenser' or 'bafouer'. You might use 'outrager' to describe a violation of human rights or a profound insult to a nation's symbols. It’s a word that adds gravity to your arguments. When you use 'outrager', your audience knows that you are talking about something serious that goes beyond personal feelings and touches on collective values or honor.
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As a C1 learner, you should use 'outrager' with complete confidence in formal writing and high-level discussions. You understand its literary roots and its rhetorical power. You can use it metaphorically, such as 'outrager la nature' (to violate or despoil nature), or in philosophical contexts regarding the 'outrage' to human reason. You are also aware of its noun form 'outrage' and common idioms. At this level, you can appreciate the stylistic choice of using 'outrager' instead of a more common verb to create a specific emotional impact or a sense of indignation in your reader. You should be able to analyze how the word is used in classical French literature to define characters' motivations and their sense of honor, which is central to many French masterpieces.
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At the C2 level, you have a native-like grasp of 'outrager'. You can use it in all its subtle shades of meaning, from the strictly legal to the highly poetic. You understand the historical evolution of the word and how its usage has changed from the medieval concept of 'outrance' (excess) to the modern legal and moral term. You can use it in complex sentence structures, such as the subjunctive or the literary past definite (il outragea). You are also able to navigate the delicate balance of using such a strong word without sounding overly melodramatic, knowing exactly when its intensity is required to make a point. Your mastery of 'outrager' allows you to engage in sophisticated cultural and legal critiques at the highest professional or academic levels.
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예시

outrager 30초 만에

  • A strong verb for deep insults and moral offense.
  • Used in legal contexts for insulting public officials.
  • Regular -er verb, always takes a direct object.
  • Much more intense than 'insulter' or 'offenser'.

The French verb outrager is a powerful and evocative term that transcends a simple insult. While it is often translated as 'to outrage' or 'to insult,' its core meaning is rooted in the idea of exceeding the boundaries of decency, respect, or law. To outrage someone or something in French is to commit an act that is so deeply offensive or violent that it shocks the conscience of the person or the society observing it. It is not a word used for minor disagreements or slight annoyances; it is reserved for grave violations of dignity, honor, or sacred values. Historically, the word derives from the Old French 'outre,' meaning 'beyond.' Thus, to outrage is literally to go 'beyond' the limits of what is acceptable behavior. In modern usage, you will encounter it in legal contexts, such as 'outrage à agent' (insulting a public official), or in literary and formal contexts where someone’s honor or a sacred principle has been desecrated.

Legal Context
In French law, 'outrager' refers specifically to words, gestures, or acts that undermine the dignity or authority of a person holding public office. This is a punishable offense known as 'outrage.'
Moral Context
When used morally, it describes actions that violate what is considered sacred or profoundly respectable, such as 'outrager la mémoire de quelqu'un' (to dishonor someone's memory).
Artistic Context
Critics might use the word to describe a work that they feel violates aesthetic or social norms in a way that is intentionally provocative or disrespectful.

Ses propos ont fini par outrager la sensibilité de toute l'assemblée présente ce soir-là.

Il est formellement interdit d' outrager les symboles nationaux de la République française.

Le criminel a cherché à outrager la dignité des victimes par ses gestes provocateurs.

Certains comportements peuvent outrager les bonnes mœurs et provoquer un scandale public.

Ne pas respecter le silence durant la cérémonie revient à outrager les défunts.

Understanding the nuance of 'outrager' requires recognizing its emotional weight. It implies that a line has been crossed—a line that separates civil discourse from aggressive disrespect. When a politician is accused of outraging the public, it suggests that their actions have caused a collective feeling of shock and moral indignation. This word is essential for B1 learners who are moving beyond basic vocabulary and beginning to express complex social and moral judgments in French. By using 'outrager' instead of 'fâcher' (to make angry) or 'insulter' (to insult), you signal a deeper understanding of the gravity of the situation and the cultural values at play in the French-speaking world.

The verb outrager is a regular '-er' verb, which makes its conjugation straightforward for learners. However, its usage is strictly transitive, meaning it must always take a direct object. You outrage *someone* or *something*. It is rarely used in a reflexive form (s'outrager), though 's'indigner' (to be indignant) is a common reflexive alternative for the feeling of being outraged. When constructing sentences, remember that the object of the outrage is typically something that commands respect, such as a person's dignity, a law, a memory, or a religious symbol. Because it is a formal word, it often appears in the passé composé or the passive voice to describe the state of being outraged by an external force.

Direct Object Usage
The structure is 'Outrager [quelqu'un/quelque chose]'. Example: 'Il a outragé le juge par son arrogance.'
Passive Construction
Commonly used to express that someone's feelings or principles were attacked. Example: 'Le public a été outragé par cette décision injuste.'
Infinitive Purpose
Often used after verbs like 'vouloir' or 'oser'. Example: 'Comment oses-tu outrager ma famille ainsi ?'

Il ne faut jamais outrager la pudeur d'autrui dans un lieu public.

Les manifestants ont crié pour ne pas laisser le gouvernement outrager leurs droits fondamentaux.

Elle a refusé de parler pour ne pas outrager davantage la mémoire de son père.

L'artiste a été accusé d' outrager les croyances religieuses de la communauté locale.

Personne ne devrait avoir le droit d' outrager la dignité humaine, peu importe les circonstances.

In sophisticated French writing, you might see 'outrager' used metaphorically to describe nature or inanimate objects being treated with violence. For example, 'la tempête a outragé le paysage' suggests a storm that was so violent it felt like an assault on the beauty of the land. This level of usage is excellent for B2 and C1 students, but for B1, focus on its primary use: describing a profound lack of respect towards people or societal values. The versatility of 'outrager' allows it to cover everything from a legal infraction to a deep personal betrayal, making it a high-value verb for any learner looking to express intensity and gravity in their French discourse.

You are most likely to hear the word outrager (or its noun form, 'outrage') in French news broadcasts, legal dramas, and political debates. It is a staple of 'faits divers' (news items) when reporting on confrontations between citizens and law enforcement. In France, 'l'outrage à agent' is a specific legal category, so journalists frequently use this terminology. Beyond the legal sphere, you will hear it in historical documentaries or literary discussions when referring to great injustices or the desecration of monuments and memories. It is also a favorite word in the passionate world of French political discourse, where politicians might claim that a new law 'outrages' the fundamental values of the Republic. It is less common in casual, everyday conversation among friends, where simpler verbs like 'énerver' or 'insulter' are preferred.

Television News (Le JT)
Reporters often use it when discussing arrests: 'L'individu a été interpellé pour avoir outragé les forces de l'ordre.'
Literature and Theater
In classic French plays (like those of Racine or Corneille), characters often feel 'outragés' when their honor is questioned.
Political Protests
Banners might read: 'Ne laissez pas le gouvernement outrager nos libertés !' (Don't let the government outrage our freedoms!)

Le présentateur a annoncé que le ministre s'est senti outragé par les critiques de l'opposition.

Dans ce film historique, le héros préfère mourir que d' outrager son serment de loyauté.

La presse a rapporté que le monument a été outragé par des actes de vandalisme choquants.

À l'école, on nous apprend qu'il ne faut pas outrager les valeurs de la laïcité.

Le juge a prévenu l'accusé que continuer ainsi reviendrait à outrager la cour.

If you spend time in France, you might also see the word in intellectual magazines like 'Le Monde Diplomatique' or 'Le Figaro'. It is used to analyze social shifts and the 'outrage' felt by different segments of the population. For an English speaker, it’s helpful to think of 'outrager' as the 'serious' version of 'offending'. While you might be 'offended' by a bad joke, you are 'outraged' by a fundamental violation of your rights or beliefs. Recognizing this word in the wild will help you gauge the emotional and formal temperature of a conversation or a text instantly.

One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make with outrager is using it for situations that are too trivial. In English, we might say 'I was outraged that the coffee shop was closed,' but in French, using 'outrager' for such a minor inconvenience would sound dramatic and out of place. Another common error is confusing it with the English word 'angry'. While an outrage causes anger, 'outrager' is the *action* of causing that deep offense, not the feeling itself. To say 'I am angry,' you would use 'Je suis en colère,' not 'Je suis outragé' (unless you mean you are deeply, morally offended). Additionally, learners often struggle with the prepositional structure, mistakenly adding 'à' or 'de' because they associate it with verbs like 'parler à' or 'se plaindre de'.

Overuse in Casual Settings
Mistake: 'Il m'a outragé en arrivant en retard.' (Too strong). Better: 'Il m'a agacé...'
Confusion with 'Anger'
Mistake: 'Je suis outragé contre toi.' (Incorrect structure). Better: 'Je suis en colère contre toi.'
Incorrect Preposition
Mistake: 'Outrager à la loi.' (Incorrect). Correct: 'Outrager la loi.'

Attention : Dire 'Tu m'as outragé' pour une petite blague est une exagération en français.

Il est incorrect d'utiliser outrager sans un complément d'objet direct clair.

Ne confondez pas outrager (l'action) avec l'indignation (le sentiment ressenti).

L'expression 'outrage à agent' est figée ; n'essayez pas de dire 'outrage vers un agent'.

Soyez prudent avec le participe passé : 'une foule outragée' prend un 'e' final.

Finally, remember that 'outrager' is a 'false friend' (faux ami) in terms of intensity. While 'outrage' in English can sometimes be used for social media 'outrage' (which can be fleeting and performative), in French, 'outrager' retains a more solemn, lasting weight. It implies a scar left on someone's honor or a society's rules. Avoid using it for 'cancel culture' unless you are describing something truly profound. Keeping 'outrager' for high-stakes situations will make your French sound much more natural and precise.

To truly master outrager, it is helpful to compare it with its synonyms and near-synonyms. French has a rich vocabulary for expressing offense, and choosing the right word depends on the context and the level of formality. 'Insulter' is the most common and direct equivalent, but it lacks the moral weight of 'outrager'. 'Offenser' is closer in meaning but is often used for personal feelings rather than legal or sacred violations. 'Bafouer' is a great alternative when talking about rights or principles being ignored or trampled upon. 'Vexer' is much lighter, meaning to hurt someone's feelings or pride. Understanding these nuances will help you navigate French social interactions with greater sensitivity.

Outrager vs. Insulter
Insulter is using bad words; outrager is a deeper violation of dignity or law.
Outrager vs. Bafouer
Bafouer is often used for laws or rights (e.g., bafouer la justice); outrager is for people or sacred things.
Outrager vs. Profaner
Profaner is specific to religious or sacred objects (e.g., profaner une tombe).

On peut insulter quelqu'un par colère, mais on l'outrage par mépris profond.

Le dictateur a fini par bafouer toutes les règles de la démocratie.

Il ne voulait pas offenser son hôte, alors il a gardé le silence.

Les vandales ont osé profaner l'église du village pendant la nuit.

Elle s'est sentie vexée par la remarque sur sa nouvelle coiffure.

In summary, while 'outrager' is a powerful tool in your vocabulary, it’s just one of many ways to express dissatisfaction or offense in French. By learning the subtle differences between 'outrager,' 'offenser,' and 'bafouer,' you gain the ability to express yourself with the precision of a native speaker. Whether you are reading a classic novel or watching the nightly news, being able to identify why one word was chosen over another will deepen your appreciation for the French language's nuances and its emphasis on honor and social conduct.

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수준별 예문

1

Il ne faut pas outrager ses amis.

You must not outrage/insult your friends.

Simple present tense with 'ne...pas'.

2

C'est mal d'outrager le professeur.

It is bad to outrage/insult the teacher.

Infinitive after 'C'est mal de'.

3

Le méchant veut outrager le roi.

The villain wants to outrage/insult the king.

Infinitive after 'veut'.

4

Elle a outragé son petit frère.

She outraged/insulted her little brother.

Passé composé with 'avoir'.

5

Pourquoi veux-tu outrager tout le monde ?

Why do you want to outrage/insult everyone?

Question with 'pourquoi'.

6

Ils ne veulent pas outrager la famille.

They do not want to outrage/insult the family.

Negative 'ne...pas' with 'vouloir'.

7

Il est triste car tu l'as outragé.

He is sad because you outraged/insulted him.

Direct object pronoun 'l'' before the verb.

8

Ne pas outrager les autres est important.

Not outraging/insulting others is important.

Negative infinitive 'Ne pas outrager'.

1

Il a été puni pour avoir outragé un policier.

He was punished for having outraged a police officer.

Infinitive past 'avoir outragé'.

2

Ses paroles peuvent outrager beaucoup de gens.

His words can outrage many people.

Modal verb 'peuvent' + infinitive.

3

Elle ne pensait pas outrager sa grand-mère.

She didn't think she would outrage her grandmother.

Imperfect tense 'pensait'.

4

C'est une grave erreur d'outrager la loi.

It is a serious mistake to outrage the law.

Noun phrase 'une grave erreur'.

5

Le film a outragé certains spectateurs.

The movie outraged some viewers.

Passé composé with 'avoir'.

6

Il ne faut jamais outrager la dignité d'une personne.

One must never outrage the dignity of a person.

Adverb 'jamais' with 'ne...pas'.

7

Ils ont peur d'outrager les traditions locales.

They are afraid of outraging local traditions.

Expression 'avoir peur de'.

8

L'artiste ne voulait pas outrager le public.

The artist did not want to outrage the public.

Negative imperfect tense.

1

Le politicien a outragé ses électeurs par ses mensonges.

The politician outraged his voters with his lies.

Passé composé describing a cause/effect.

2

Comment a-t-il osé outrager la mémoire de son père ?

How did he dare to outrage his father's memory?

Inversion in a question with 'oser'.

3

Cette décision risque d'outrager la communauté internationale.

This decision risks outraging the international community.

Verb 'risquer de' + infinitive.

4

Elle se sent outragée par le comportement de son patron.

She feels outraged by her boss's behavior.

Reflexive verb 'se sentir' + past participle as adjective.

5

L'avocat affirme que son client n'a pas voulu outrager le juge.

The lawyer claims that his client did not mean to outrage the judge.

Subordinate clause with 'que'.

6

Il est interdit d'outrager les symboles de l'État.

It is forbidden to outrage the symbols of the State.

Impersonal 'Il est interdit de'.

7

Le vandalisme a outragé tous les habitants du quartier.

The vandalism outraged all the residents of the neighborhood.

Subject 'Le vandalisme' (abstract noun).

8

Nous ne devons pas laisser la violence outrager notre société.

We must not let violence outrage our society.

Modal 'devoir' + 'laisser' + infinitive.

1

Le rapport d'enquête a outragé l'opinion publique.

The investigation report outraged public opinion.

Abstract subject 'Le rapport d'enquête'.

2

Il a été accusé d'outrager les bonnes mœurs par ses écrits.

He was accused of outraging public decency through his writings.

Passive construction 'a été accusé de'.

3

Le mépris du gouvernement a fini par outrager les citoyens.

The government's contempt eventually outraged the citizens.

Expression 'finir par' + infinitive.

4

Elle a refusé de s'excuser, ce qui a outragé ses collègues.

She refused to apologize, which outraged her colleagues.

Relative pronoun 'ce qui' referring to a whole clause.

5

Outrager un agent de la force publique est un délit sérieux.

Outraging a public official is a serious offense.

Gerund-like use of the infinitive as a subject.

6

L'arrogance du gagnant a outragé le reste de l'équipe.

The winner's arrogance outraged the rest of the team.

Noun 'arrogance' as the cause.

7

Le projet de loi a outragé les défenseurs des droits de l'homme.

The bill outraged human rights defenders.

Compound noun 'projet de loi'.

8

On ne peut pas outrager la vérité indéfiniment.

One cannot outrage the truth indefinitely.

Abstract direct object 'la vérité'.

1

L'œuvre de l'artiste visait à outrager les conventions bourgeoises.

The artist's work aimed to outrage bourgeois conventions.

Imperfect 'visait à' describing intention.

2

Il est inconcevable d'outrager ainsi la mémoire des victimes.

It is inconceivable to outrage the memory of the victims in this way.

Adjective 'inconcevable' + 'de' + infinitive.

3

La sentence a outragé le sens de la justice de la nation.

The sentence outraged the nation's sense of justice.

Complex direct object 'le sens de la justice'.

4

Par ses actes, il a outragé la dignité même de sa fonction.

Through his actions, he outraged the very dignity of his office.

Prepositional phrase 'Par ses actes' for emphasis.

5

Le silence de l'administration a outragé les familles endeuillées.

The administration's silence outraged the grieving families.

Adjective 'endeuillées' agreeing with 'familles'.

6

Elle craignait que ses propos ne pussent outrager ses hôtes.

She feared that her words might outrage her hosts.

Subjunctive imperfect (literary) after 'craindre que'.

7

Rien ne semble pouvoir outrager sa conscience tranquille.

Nothing seems able to outrage his clear conscience.

Negative pronoun 'Rien' as subject.

8

Le vandale a outragé le caractère sacré du lieu.

The vandal outraged the sacred character of the place.

Abstract noun 'caractère sacré'.

1

L'histoire retiendra qu'il a outragé les principes de l'humanisme.

History will remember that he outraged the principles of humanism.

Future tense 'retiendra' followed by a 'que' clause.

2

L'outrager ainsi, c'est s'attaquer au fondement même de notre pacte social.

To outrage him thus is to attack the very foundation of our social contract.

Infinitive as subject with 'c'est'.

3

La pièce de théâtre, loin d'outrager, invitait à une réflexion profonde.

The play, far from outraging, invited deep reflection.

Prepositional phrase 'loin de' + infinitive.

4

Il s'est agi d'outrager délibérément la sensibilité religieuse d'autrui.

It was a matter of deliberately outraging the religious sensitivity of others.

Impersonal form 'Il s'est agi de'.

5

Nul ne saurait outrager l'honneur d'un homme sans en subir les conséquences.

No one can outrage a man's honor without suffering the consequences.

Formal 'Nul ne saurait' (conditional for possibility).

6

La beauté de ce paysage a été outragée par l'industrialisation sauvage.

The beauty of this landscape has been outraged by wild industrialization.

Passive voice with past participle agreement.

7

Le poète se lamentait de voir la langue ainsi outragée par le jargon moderne.

The poet lamented seeing the language thus outraged by modern jargon.

Infinitive construction 'voir... outragée'.

8

Qu'il ait outragé la cour ne fait aucun doute pour les observateurs.

That he outraged the court is beyond doubt for observers.

Subjunctive past in a subject clause 'Qu'il ait outragé'.

동의어

insulter offenser bafouer profaner vilipender humilier violer mépriser

반의어

honorer respecter vénérer louer

자주 쓰는 조합

outrager un agent
outrager la pudeur
outrager la mémoire
outrager les mœurs
outrager la dignité
outrager la vérité
outrager le bon sens
outrager la justice
outrager les croyances
outrager la nature

자주 쓰는 구문

se sentir outragé

— To feel deeply offended or insulted.

Elle se sent outragée par cette remarque.

outrage à magistrat

— Contempt of court or insulting a judge.

Il risque une peine pour outrage à magistrat.

outrage au drapeau

— Desecrating or insulting the national flag.

L'outrage au drapeau est puni par la loi.

sans vouloir vous outrager

— A very formal way to say 'without meaning to offend you'.

Sans vouloir vous out

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