गुज़ारना 30초 만에
- To spend or pass time or life.
- Transitive verb requiring an object (the time unit).
- Commonly used for holidays, childhood, and daily routines.
- Distinct from 'guzarnā' (to pass by/away) and 'kharch karnā' (to spend money).
The Hindi verb गुज़ारना (guzārnā) is a cornerstone of temporal expression in the Hindi language, primarily used to denote the act of spending or passing time, a period of life, or a specific situation. Rooted in Persian influence, it carries a certain elegance and depth that distinguishes it from its more clinical counterparts. When a speaker uses this word, they are not just talking about a clock ticking; they are often describing the lived experience within a timeframe. Whether you are talking about spending a weekend at a mountain resort or passing your difficult days with patience, this verb provides the necessary grammatical structure to bridge the subject with the duration of their experience.
- Primary Definition
- To spend or pass time, life, or a specific duration. It is a transitive verb, meaning it requires an object—the time being spent.
हमने अपनी छुट्टियाँ नैनीताल में गुज़ारीं। (We spent our holidays in Nainital.)
In daily life, you will hear this word in various social contexts. A friend might ask how you spent your weekend, or a grandparent might reminisce about how they spent their youth in a small village. It is versatile enough to be used for both positive and negative experiences. One can 'guzārnā' a beautiful evening with a loved one, but one can also 'guzārnā' a painful night in a hospital. This versatility makes it essential for intermediate learners who are moving beyond simple 'is/am/are' sentences into narrative storytelling. The word implies an active engagement with the passage of time, even if that engagement is merely enduring it.
- Emotional Resonance
- In Hindi poetry and Bollywood songs, this word often evokes nostalgia or longing. It suggests a conscious marking of time.
क्या तुम मेरे साथ एक शाम गुज़ारोगे? (Will you spend an evening with me?)
Furthermore, the word is often used in the context of 'living through' a situation. For instance, 'din guzārnā' can sometimes imply 'getting by' or 'surviving' when times are tough. It suggests a process of moving through a sequence of events. In a professional setting, it might be used to describe spending time on a project or a tenure at a company. The breadth of its application—from the poetic to the mundane—is what gives it such a high frequency in Hindi speech. As you advance, you will notice that native speakers favor this word over more formal Sanskrit-derived terms like 'bitānā' in casual and semi-formal conversations.
उसने बहुत मुश्किल दिन गुज़ारे हैं। (He has spent/passed very difficult days.)
- Comparison with Bitānā
- While 'bitānā' is a direct synonym, 'guzārnā' is often perceived as more expressive and is widely used across North India and in Urdu-influenced Hindi.
वक़्त गुज़ारना मुश्किल हो रहा है। (It is becoming difficult to pass the time.)
Mastering the use of गुज़ारना (guzārnā) requires an understanding of its transitive nature and its interaction with various time-related objects. Unlike the intransitive 'guzarnā' (to pass), 'guzārnā' requires an agent—someone who is actively spending the time. This distinction is vital for clear communication. In this section, we will explore how to conjugate this verb across different tenses and moods, and how it pairs with common nouns to create meaningful expressions.
- The Past Tense (Perfective)
- In the past tense, when using 'ne', the verb agrees with the gender and number of the time period being spent. For example, 'din' (day) is masculine plural, so the verb becomes 'guzāre'.
मैंने अपने बचपन के दिन गाँव में गुज़ारे। (I spent my childhood days in the village.)
When using the continuous tense, it functions like any other regular verb. 'Guzār rahā hū̃' indicates an ongoing action of spending time. This is particularly useful when you are currently in the middle of a vacation, a project, or even a period of waiting. It emphasizes the flow of the current experience. For example, if someone calls you while you are on holiday, you might say you are spending time with family.
उसने पूरी रात जागकर गुज़ारी। (She spent the whole night staying awake.)
The future tense is equally straightforward. 'Guzārūngā' (masculine) or 'Guzārūngī' (feminine) is used to express intentions or plans. This is common when discussing future travel, retirement plans, or simply how one intends to spend the upcoming weekend. It reflects a sense of planning and agency over one's time.
- Imperative Usage
- When giving advice or making requests, the imperative form is used. 'Waqt guzāro' (Spend time) is a common suggestion for building relationships or learning skills.
अपने परिवार के साथ थोड़ा समय गुज़ारो। (Spend some time with your family.)
One advanced usage involves the passive or causative nuances. While 'guzārnā' is transitive, it can be used in complex sentence structures to describe how a life was 'spent' by circumstances. However, for a learner at the B1 level, focusing on the active voice ('I spent time', 'She spent days') is the most effective way to gain fluency. Remember to pair it with adverbs like 'khushī se' (happily), 'mushkil se' (with difficulty), or 'shānti se' (peacefully) to add descriptive layers to your sentences.
हम बस स्टेशन पर सिर्फ़ वक़्त गुज़ार रहे थे। (We were just passing time at the bus station.)
The word गुज़ारना (guzārnā) is ubiquitous in the Hindi-speaking world, appearing in everything from high-art cinema to everyday street conversations. Its Persian roots give it a slightly more sophisticated air than the more common 'bitānā', making it a favorite for songwriters and poets. However, do not let its poetic pedigree fool you; it is just as likely to be heard in a noisy marketplace or a corporate boardroom. Understanding the contexts where this word thrives will help you sound more like a native speaker.
- In Cinema and Music
- Bollywood is perhaps the biggest propagator of this word. Countless songs use 'guzārnā' to describe the longing of lovers or the passage of a lonely life. It adds a layer of emotional weight that 'bitānā' often lacks.
'तेरे बिन एक दिन गुज़ारना मुश्किल है।' (It is difficult to spend even one day without you.)
In daily social interactions, 'guzārnā' is the standard way to ask about someone's welfare over a period. When you meet an old friend, you might ask, 'How have you been spending your days lately?' or 'How did you spend your vacation?'. It is a polite and natural way to inquire about the quality of someone's life or their recent activities. It is less about the 'action' and more about the 'experience'.
आप अपनी छुट्टियाँ कहाँ गुज़ारेंगे? (Where will you spend your holidays?)
In professional settings, it is used to discuss the duration of employment or the time allocated to specific tasks. A manager might say that they have 'spent' ten years in the industry. Here, it conveys experience and expertise. It is also used in the news to describe how people are 'passing' through a crisis or a natural disaster, often highlighting their resilience or the difficulty of the situation.
- Literature and News
- News reports often use the word to describe the plight of refugees or victims of disasters, e.g., 'They are spending their nights under the open sky.'
बाढ़ पीड़ित अपनी रातें राहत शिविरों में गुज़ार रहे हैं। (Flood victims are spending their nights in relief camps.)
Finally, you will hear it in the context of 'passing time' out of boredom. The phrase 'waqt guzārnā' is very common when someone is doing a trivial activity just because they have nothing else to do. For example, playing games on a phone while waiting for a train is a classic case of 'waqt guzārnā'. Understanding these nuances—from the poetic longing to the mundane boredom—will help you interpret the speaker's intent more accurately.
For English speakers learning Hindi, गुज़ारना (guzārnā) presents a few specific challenges, primarily due to its similarity to other words and the unique grammar rules governing transitive verbs in Hindi. Avoiding these common pitfalls will significantly improve your fluency and ensure that your meaning is clear. The most frequent errors involve confusing the transitive and intransitive forms, misusing the 'ne' particle, and using the word in contexts where 'spending' money is intended.
- Mistake 1: Transitive vs. Intransitive
- The biggest mistake is confusing 'guzārnā' (to spend) with 'guzarnā' (to pass). 'Guzārnā' requires a person doing the spending. 'Guzarnā' is used when time passes on its own.
Incorrect: समय गुज़ार गया। (Time 'spent' away.)
Correct: समय गुज़र गया। (Time passed.)
In the incorrect example above, using 'guzār' implies that the time actively spent itself, which is logically impossible. In the second example, 'guzar' is the intransitive form, correctly showing that time moved forward independently. This distinction is crucial because 'guzarnā' also means 'to pass away' (die), so mixing them up in sensitive contexts can lead to significant misunderstandings.
- Mistake 2: Spending Money
- In English, we use the word 'spend' for both time and money. In Hindi, these are strictly separated. 'Guzārnā' is ONLY for time/life. For money, you must use 'kharch karnā'.
Incorrect: मैंने सौ रुपये गुज़ारे।
Correct: मैंने सौ रुपये खर्च किए। (I spent a hundred rupees.)
Another common error relates to the 'ne' particle in the past tense. Because 'guzārnā' is transitive, you must use 'ne' with the subject. Beginners often forget this and conjugate the verb with the subject instead of the object. For example, saying 'Main waqt guzārā' is grammatically incorrect; it must be 'Maine waqt guzārā'. This is a foundational rule of Hindi grammar that applies to all transitive verbs in the perfective aspect.
- Mistake 3: Agreement with Object
- Remember that in the past tense, 'guzārnā' agrees with the object. If you spent 'nights' (rātein - fem. plural), the verb must be 'guzārī̃'.
उसने कई रातें जागकर गुज़ारीं। (He spent many nights staying awake.)
While गुज़ारना (guzārnā) is highly versatile, Hindi offers several other words to describe the passage of time, each with its own nuance and register. Choosing the right one can help you convey exactly what you mean, whether you are being formal, poetic, or casual. In this section, we will compare 'guzārnā' with its most common alternatives: 'bitānā', 'yāpan karnā', and 'kātnā'.
- Guzārnā vs. Bitānā
- 'Bitānā' is the closest synonym. It is Sanskrit-based and very common. While 'guzārnā' sounds slightly more poetic or Urdu-influenced, 'bitānā' is neutral and universally used. They are interchangeable in 90% of contexts.
समय बिताना (Neutral) vs समय गुज़ारना (Slightly more expressive).
If you are writing a formal essay or a government document, you might encounter 'yāpan karnā' (जीवन यापन करना - to lead/spend a life). This is highly formal and rarely used in conversation. It specifically refers to the act of living or sustaining one's life over a long period. On the other end of the spectrum is 'kātnā' (literally 'to cut'). When used with time, 'waqt kātnā' implies that the time is being spent with great difficulty or boredom, as if one is just trying to get through it.
वह जेल में दिन काट रहा है। (He is 'cutting' his days in jail - spending them with difficulty.)
Another related concept is 'sarf karnā', which is very formal Urdu for 'to spend' or 'to utilize'. You might hear this in high-level literature or very formal speeches. However, for a B1 learner, 'guzārnā' remains the most useful and natural word. It strikes the perfect balance between being common enough for daily use and expressive enough for storytelling. Below is a quick comparison table to help you distinguish between these options.
- Comparison Table
-
- Guzārnā: Standard, expressive, versatile.
- Bitānā: Standard, neutral, Sanskrit-based.
- Kātnā: Informal, implies difficulty or boredom.
- Yāpan Karnā: Very formal, used for 'leading a life'.
छुट्टियाँ गुज़ारना (To spend holidays) - sounds better than 'kātnā'.
재미있는 사실
The 'z' sound (nuqta) in 'guzārnā' is a marker of its Persian heritage. In pure Sanskrit-derived words, this sound does not exist, which is why some speakers substitute it with 'j'.
발음 가이드
- Pronouncing 'z' as 'j' (gujārnā instead of guzārnā).
- Shortening the final 'ā' sound.
- Confusing it with the intransitive 'guzarnā'.
수준별 예문
मैं समय गुज़ारता हूँ।
I spend time.
Simple present tense.
वह यहाँ दिन गुज़ारता है।
He spends the day here.
Subject-verb agreement.
हम साथ समय गुज़ारते हैं।
We spend time together.
Plural subject.
क्या आप समय गुज़ारते हैं?
Do you spend time?
Interrogative sentence.
माँ घर पर समय गुज़ारती है।
Mother spends time at home.
Feminine subject.
बच्चे पार्क में समय गुज़ारते हैं।
Children spend time in the park.
Plural subject.
मैं यहाँ एक घंटा गुज़ारता हूँ।
I spend one hour here.
Specific time duration.
वह ख़ुशी से दिन गुज़ारता है।
He spends the day happily.
Use of adverb.
मैंने कल गाँव में समय गुज़ारा।
I spent time in the village yesterday.
Past tense with 'ne'.
उसने अपनी छुट्टियाँ कहाँ गुज़ारीं?
Where did she spend her holidays?
Feminine plural agreement with 'chuttiyān'.
हमने साथ में अच्छा समय गुज़ारा।
We spent a good time together.
Past tense with masculine object 'samay'.
क्या तुमने अपनी रात सोकर गुज़ारी?
Did you spend your night sleeping?
Feminine object 'rāt'.
मैं अगले साल अमेरिका में समय गुज़ारूँगा।
I will spend time in America next year.
Future tense masculine.
वह अपनी शामें पढ़कर गुज़ारती थी।
She used to spend her evenings reading.
Past habitual tense.
उन्होंने बहुत मुश्किल से दिन गुज़ारे।
They spent the days with great difficulty.
Agreement with masculine plural 'din'.
तुम अपना समय कैसे गुज़ारते हो?
How do you spend your time?
Present habitual.
वक़्त गुज़ारना कभी-कभी मुश्किल होता है।
Spending time is sometimes difficult.
Infinitive as a subject.
मैंने अपना बचपन इसी शहर में गुज़ारा है।
I have spent my childhood in this very city.
Present perfect tense.
क्या आप मेरे साथ कुछ पल गुज़ारेंगे?
Will you spend a few moments with me?
Polite future request.
उसने अपनी पूरी ज़िन्दगी दूसरों की मदद में गुज़ार दी।
He spent his entire life helping others.
Compound verb 'guzār dī'.
हॉस्पिटल में रात गुज़ारना डरावना था।
Spending the night in the hospital was scary.
Gerundial use.
वह अपना खाली समय पेंटिंग करके गुज़ारता है।
He spends his free time by painting.
Using 'karke' for manner.
हमने पुरानी यादों को ताज़ा करते हुए शाम गुज़ारी।
We spent the evening refreshing old memories.
Present participle 'karte hue'.
बिना इंटरनेट के समय गुज़ारना नामुमकिन लगता है।
Spending time without internet seems impossible.
Use of 'binā'.
सफलता पाने के लिए उसने कई रातें जागकर गुज़ारीं।
To achieve success, he spent many nights staying awake.
Purpose clause with 'ke liye'.
रिटायरमेंट के बाद वे अपना समय बागवानी में गुज़ारते हैं।
After retirement, they spend their time in gardening.
Postpositional phrase.
उसने विदेश में जो समय गुज़ारा, वह उसे हमेशा याद रहेगा।
The time he spent abroad, he will always remember.
Relative clause 'jo... vwah'.
इंतज़ार में एक-एक पल गुज़ारना दूभर हो गया था।
Spending every single moment in waiting had become unbearable.
Emphasis with 'ek-ek'.
क्या आपने कभी अकेले पहाड़ों में समय गुज़ारा है?
Have you ever spent time alone in the mountains?
Experience-based question.
उसने अपनी जवानी के बेहतरीन साल सेना में गुज़ारे।
He spent the best years of his youth in the army.
Adjective-noun agreement.
वक़्त गुज़ारने के लिए वह कहानियाँ लिखता है।
He writes stories to pass the time.
Infinitive of purpose.
उन्होंने अपनी पूरी रात बहस करने में गुज़ार दी।
They spent their entire night arguing.
'Mein' indicating activity.
साहित्य की सेवा में जीवन गुज़ारना एक सम्मान की बात है।
Spending a life in the service of literature is a matter of honor.
High-register vocabulary.
कैदियों ने अपनी सज़ा का बड़ा हिस्सा तन्हाई में गुज़ारा।
The prisoners spent a large part of their sentence in solitude.
Formal context.
उसने अपने जीवन के संध्याकाल को अध्यात्म में गुज़ारा।
He spent the twilight of his life in spirituality.
Metaphorical usage.
बिना किसी शिकायत के मुश्किल दौर गुज़ारना उसकी ताक़त थी।
Passing through a difficult phase without any complaint was her strength.
Abstract noun phrases.
इतिहासकारों ने वर्षों पुराने दस्तावेज़ों को पढ़ने में गुज़ारे।
Historians spent years in reading old documents.
Professional context.
महान कवियों ने अपनी रातों को तारों की गिनती में गुज़ारा है।
Great poets have spent their nights counting stars.
Poetic imagery.
उसने अपनी सारी संपत्ति लुटाने के बाद दिन तंगी में गुज़ारे।
After squandering all his wealth, he spent his days in poverty.
Causal relationship.
वैज्ञानिकों ने इस शोध को पूरा करने में अपना पूरा करियर गुज़ार दिया।
Scientists spent their entire career completing this research.
Long-term duration.
काल के प्रवाह में क्षणों को गुज़ारना ही अस्तित्व की नियति है।
Spending moments in the flow of time is the destiny of existence.
Philosophical register.
उसने अपने निर्वासन के वर्ष हिमालय की कंदराओं में गुज़ारे।
He spent the years of his exile in the caves of the Himalayas.
Archaic/Literary vocabulary.
भाषा की बारीकियों को समझने में उसने अपना सर्वस्व गुज़ार दिया।
He spent his everything in understanding the nuances of language.
Total commitment expression.
शून्यता में समय गुज़ारना चेतना की सबसे बड़ी चुनौती है।
Spending time in nothingness is the greatest challenge of consciousness.
Abstract philosophical thought.
साम्राज्यों के उत्थान और पतन को देखते हुए उसने सदियाँ गुज़ारीं।
He spent centuries watching the rise and fall of empires.
Epic narrative style.
तपस्वियों ने अपना जीवन आत्म-साक्षात्कार की खोज में गुज़ारा।
Ascetics spent their lives in search of self-realization.
Spiritual register.
उसने अपनी लेखनी के माध्यम से समाज के दर्द को गुज़ारने का प्रयास किया।
He tried to channel/pass the pain of society through his writing.
Metaphorical extension.
अनंत प्रतीक्षा में गुज़ारे गए वे पल अब धुंधले पड़ चुके हैं।
Those moments spent in infinite waiting have now become blurred.
Passive participial phrase.
자주 쓰는 조합
자주 쓰는 구문
— To spend time happily and cheerfully.
उन्होंने अपनी शादीशुदा ज़िन्दगी हँसी-खुशी गुज़ारी।
— When it is very hard to get through the day (due to sorrow).
उसके बिना दिन गुज़ारना मुश्किल है।
— To spend time in the sun (often implying hard labor).
मज़दूरों ने पूरा दिन धूप में गुज़ारा।
— To spend/waste time just like that, without purpose.
उसने अपनी जवानी यूँ ही गुज़ार दी।
관용어 및 표현
— When spending even a day feels as heavy as a mountain (very difficult).
वियोग में एक-एक दिन पहाड़ हो जाता है।
Literary— To barely pass time; to struggle to get through the day.
नौकरी नहीं है, बस वक़्त को धक्का दे रहे हैं।
Slang— To spend a sleepless night (literally: counting stars).
तुम्हारी याद में मैंने तारे गिनकर रात गुज़ारी।
Poetic— To just survive or pass days without much joy.
वह बस किसी तरह अपने दिन काट रहा है।
Informal— Not directly 'spending', but 'losing' life (to die).
हादसे में उसने अपनी ज़िन्दगी से हाथ धो लिए।
Common— To understand the sensitivity of the time being spent.
हमें वक़्त की नज़ाकत को समझना होगा।
Formal— To spend or finish one's entire life.
उसने देश की सेवा में अपनी उम्र तमाम कर दी।
Urdu-influenced— When the way you spend your days changes for the better (luck changes).
मेहनत करो, तुम्हारे भी दिन फिरेंगे।
Common— When the time spent becomes a distant, forgotten memory.
पुरानी यादों और बीते वक़्त पर धूल जम गई है।
Poetic어휘 가족
명사
동사
형용사
관련
암기하기
기억법
Think of a 'Goo-Zar' (Guzar). Imagine a 'Goose' (Gu) driving a 'Car' (Zar) through a tunnel of 'Time'. The Goose is 'spending' its time driving.
시각적 연상
Imagine an hourglass where you are actively pouring the sand (time) from one side to another. You are the agent 'spending' that sand.
Word Web
챌린지
Try to describe your last weekend using 'guzārnā' in three different tenses: Past (I spent), Present (I spend), and Future (I will spend).
어원
Derived from the Persian verb 'guzashtan' (گذشتن), meaning to pass, cross, or surpass. It entered Hindi through the influence of Persian in the Mughal courts.
원래 의미: To cause to pass; to lead through.
Indo-Aryan (via Indo-Iranian/Persian).문화적 맥락
In Indian culture, 'spending time' with family and elders is highly valued (Satsang or family gatherings). The word 'guzārnā' is often used in the context of 'Mehmaan-nawaazi' (hospitality), where a host hopes the guest 'spends' a good time. It also appears frequently in Sufi poetry, where life is seen as a journey one must 'pass' or 'spend' in search of the divine. The distinction between 'spending time' (leisure) and 'spending life' (purpose) is a common philosophical theme in Hindi literature.
Summary
'Guzārnā' is the essential Hindi verb for 'spending time'. Whether it's a happy vacation or a difficult life, use this verb with the 'ne' particle in the past tense to describe your lived duration. Example: 'Maine chuttiyān guzarīn' (I spent the holidays).
- To spend or pass time or life.
- Transitive verb requiring an object (the time unit).
- Commonly used for holidays, childhood, and daily routines.
- Distinct from 'guzarnā' (to pass by/away) and 'kharch karnā' (to spend money).
예시
हमने पहाड़ों में एक हफ्ता गुज़ारा।
관련 콘텐츠
general 관련 단어
आभार व्यक्त करना
B1감사를 표하다 또는 고마움을 공식적으로 나타내다. '저는 여러분 모두에게 감사를 표하고 싶습니다.'
आचरण करना
C1행동하다; (특히 도덕적이나 공식적인) 특정한 방식으로 처신하다. '그는 품위 있게 행동한다.'
आगे
A1Forward; ahead.
आगे बढ़ना
A2앞으로 나아가거나 발전하다.
आगामी
B1다가오는, 차기의. 가까운 미래에 예정된 사건을 나타낼 때 사용됩니다.
आह्वान करना
B1To call, to summon, to request someone's presence.
आज रात
A2오늘 밤; 현재 날짜의 밤.
आजमाना
A2작동 방식이나 어떤 일이 일어나는지 알아보기 위해 무언가를 시도하거나 테스트하는 것.
आक्रमण करना
B2국가나 집단을 상대로 군사 작전을 시작하다.
आखिरी
A2마지막, 최종. '마지막 버스'는 'Aakhiri bus'입니다. '마지막으로'는 'Aakhiri baar'라고 합니다.
