Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
The Croatian present tense describes what you do now or regularly; just change the verb ending to match the person.
- Use it for current actions: 'Ja radim' (I am working).
- Use it for habits: 'Svaki dan pijem kavu' (I drink coffee every day).
- Use it for general truths: 'Zemlja se okreće' (The Earth rotates).
Conjugation of 'Raditi' (to work)
| Person | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
|
1st (Ja/Mi)
|
radim
|
radimo
|
|
2nd (Ti/Vi)
|
radiš
|
radite
|
|
3rd (On-Ona-Ono/Oni)
|
radi
|
rade
|
Meanings
The present tense in Croatian is used to describe actions happening at the moment of speaking, habitual actions, and universal truths.
Current Action
Actions happening right now.
“On sada čita knjigu.”
“Mi gledamo film.”
Habitual Action
Things you do regularly.
“Svaki dan idem u školu.”
“Pijem kavu ujutro.”
General Truth
Facts that are always true.
“Sunce izlazi na istoku.”
“Voda vrije na sto stupnjeva.”
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Affirmative
|
Subject + Verb
|
Ja radim.
|
|
Negative
|
Ne + Verb
|
Ja ne radim.
|
|
Question
|
Verb + li
|
Radiš li?
|
|
Short Answer
|
Verb
|
Radim.
|
|
Negative Answer
|
Ne + Verb
|
Ne radim.
|
|
Habitual
|
Frequency + Verb
|
Često radim.
|
격식 수준 스펙트럼
Ja radim. (Work)
Radim. (Work)
Radim. (Work)
Šljakam. (Work)
Uses of Present Tense
Time
- Sada Now
Frequency
- Uvijek Always
Truth
- Činjenica Fact
수준별 예문
Ja učim hrvatski.
I am learning Croatian.
On pije vodu.
He is drinking water.
Mi radimo danas.
We are working today.
Ona čita knjigu.
She is reading a book.
Ne razumijem ovo pitanje.
I don't understand this question.
Da li ideš u kino?
Are you going to the cinema?
Svaki dan trčim u parku.
I run in the park every day.
Oni često putuju vlakom.
They often travel by train.
Vlak polazi u pet sati.
The train leaves at five o'clock.
Dok ja kuham, ti pospremaš.
While I am cooking, you are cleaning.
Zar ne vidiš da pada kiša?
Don't you see that it is raining?
Ona svira klavir već deset godina.
She has been playing the piano for ten years.
Čim stignem, javim ti se.
As soon as I arrive, I will let you know.
Svi znaju da se zemlja okreće.
Everyone knows that the Earth rotates.
Oni se dogovaraju o detaljima projekta.
They are discussing the project details.
Često se pitam zašto je to tako.
I often wonder why it is like that.
U tom trenutku, on ulazi u prostoriju i sve se mijenja.
At that moment, he enters the room and everything changes.
Ne preostaje nam ništa drugo nego čekati.
Nothing remains for us but to wait.
Svatko tko želi uspjeti mora naporno raditi.
Everyone who wants to succeed must work hard.
Ovaj zakon stupa na snagu idućeg mjeseca.
This law comes into effect next month.
Kako se ono kaže, vrijeme liječi sve rane.
As they say, time heals all wounds.
Sve se odvija prema planu, unatoč poteškoćama.
Everything is proceeding according to plan, despite difficulties.
Oni se međusobno ne podnose, a ipak surađuju.
They don't stand each other, yet they cooperate.
Čovjek se uči dok je živ.
One learns as long as one lives.
혼동하기 쉬운
Learners often use past tense when they mean present.
Perfective present often implies future.
Forgetting 'se'.
자주 하는 실수
Ja sam radim
Ja radim
On raditi
On radi
Ja čitam knjigu sada
Ja sada čitam knjigu
Ti radi
Ti radiš
Ne radim li?
Zar ne radim?
Mi radite
Mi radimo
Oni radi
Oni rade
Ja ću radim
Ja ću raditi
Oni su rade
Oni rade
Da li on radi?
Radi li on?
Oni su se dogovaraju
Oni se dogovaraju
Ja sam se pitam
Ja se pitam
Voda vrije na sto stupnjeva
Voda vrije na sto stupnjeva
문장 패턴
Ja ___ svaki dan.
___ li ti ___?
Dok ja ___, ti ___.
Svatko tko ___ mora ___.
Real World Usage
Što radiš?
Želim kavu.
Radim kao inženjer.
Idem u Zagreb.
Sviđa mi se ovo.
Ne razumijem.
Drop the pronoun
Don't use 'am'
Learn the 'i' verbs first
Use 'Vi' for strangers
Smart Tips
Just use the verb, don't add 'sam'.
Use 'li' after the verb.
Add a frequency word like 'često'.
Don't forget the 'se'.
발음
Stress
Stress usually falls on the first syllable.
Question
Radiš li? ↗
Rising intonation at the end.
암기하기
기억법
Remember the 'M-S-Ø-MO-TE-E' pattern for endings to keep your verbs in check.
시각적 연상
Imagine a clock where every number is a person (1=Ja, 2=Ti, etc.) performing the same action simultaneously.
Rhyme
Ja radim, ti radiš, on radi sad, Mi radimo, vi radite, oni rade, baš je rad!
Story
Ana wakes up. She drinks (pije) coffee. She works (radi) at the office. She talks (priča) to her boss. She loves (voli) her job.
Word Web
챌린지
Write 5 sentences about your daily routine in Croatian.
문화 노트
In coastal regions, people often drop the final 'm' in the first person singular.
Standard Croatian is used, but informal speech often uses slang verbs.
More traditional, formal usage is common in rural areas.
The Croatian present tense stems from Proto-Slavic.
대화 시작하기
Što radiš danas?
Piješ li kavu ujutro?
Što misliš o ovom filmu?
Kako se osjećaš danas?
일기 주제
자주 하는 실수
Test Yourself
Ja ___.
On ___ vodu.
Find and fix the mistake:
Ja sam radim.
Arrange the words in the correct order:
All words placed
Click words above to build the sentence
I drink coffee.
Answer starts with: Ja ...
Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:
___ li ti?
Mi ___.
Score: /8
연습 문제
8 exercisesJa ___.
On ___ vodu.
Find and fix the mistake:
Ja sam radim.
danas / radim / ja
I drink coffee.
Ja -> ?
___ li ti?
Mi ___.
Score: /8
자주 묻는 질문 (8)
No, they are optional because the verb ending shows who is doing the action.
Add 'li' after the verb, e.g., 'Radiš li?'
No, the present tense covers both simple and continuous.
Use it for formal situations or when talking to someone you don't know well.
It is an auxiliary verb for past tense, not present.
Use 'ne' before the verb, e.g., 'Ne radim'.
Yes, like 'biti' (to be) or 'htjeti' (to want).
Yes, for scheduled events.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Presente de indicativo
Spanish has more irregular verbs.
Présent
Pronoun usage is mandatory in French.
Präsens
German word order is stricter.
Non-past
Croatian conjugates for person.
Mudari
Arabic uses prefixes for person.
Present
Croatian is highly inflected.
