Explanation at your level:
Hello! Today we're learning 勤務する (kinmu suru). It means 'to work' or 'to be on duty.' Imagine your dad goes to his job every day. He is 勤務する at his job. Or maybe a police officer is at the police station, ready to help. That officer is 勤務する too. It's like saying 'I am doing my job now!' It's a word for when you are at your work place and doing your work.
The Japanese verb 勤務する (kinmu suru) means 'to work' or 'to be on duty.' It's used when someone is performing their job responsibilities, often at a specific location like an office or a hospital. For example, 'She works at the library' can be translated as 彼女は図書館に勤務しています (Kanojo wa toshokan ni kinmu shite imasu). It's a bit more formal than the general word for 'to work' (働く - hataraku), and it emphasizes being present and fulfilling your duties.
勤務する (kinmu suru) is a Japanese verb meaning 'to work' or 'to be on duty.' It’s commonly used in professional contexts to describe someone actively performing their job. Unlike the more general 働く (hataraku), 勤務する often implies a sense of duty and a regular, established position. For instance, you might say, 'He has worked for the same company for ten years' as 彼は10年間同じ会社に勤務しています (Kare wa ju-nenkan onaji kaisha ni kinmu shite imasu).
This verb is particularly useful when discussing employment status, office work, or service roles. It highlights the aspect of being engaged in one's assigned tasks. You'll frequently see it in job descriptions or when talking about one's career path. Understanding this verb helps you grasp more formal expressions related to work life in Japanese.
The Japanese verb 勤務する (kinmu suru) translates to 'to work' or 'to be on duty,' carrying a more formal and official connotation than the general verb 働く (hataraku). It emphasizes the performance of duties within a specific role or organization, often implying regularity and commitment. For example, 彼は大学に勤務している (Kare wa daigaku ni kinmu shite iru) means 'He works at the university,' suggesting a formal employment status.
This verb is frequently used in business, administrative, and public service contexts. It often appears in phrases like 勤務時間 (kinmu jikan - working hours) or 勤務地 (kinmu-chi - place of work). Its usage highlights a professional engagement, distinguishing it from more casual or temporary employment. Recognizing this nuance is key to understanding formal Japanese communication regarding work.
勤務する (kinmu suru) signifies 'to work' or 'to be on duty,' typically denoting a formal engagement in professional responsibilities. It implies more than mere employment; it suggests the active execution of duties within a structured framework, such as a company, government agency, or institution. The verb underscores a sense of obligation and consistent performance, often contrasted with the broader term 働く (hataraku).
Usage contexts include discussions of career progression, official reports, and service roles. For instance, 彼女は長年、地域医療に勤務してきた (Kanojo wa naganen, chiiki iryou ni kinmu shite kita) means 'She has worked in community healthcare for many years,' emphasizing her dedicated service. The term is also integral to understanding administrative jargon like 勤務評定 (kinmu hyoutei - performance evaluation) or 現役勤務 (gen'eki kinmu - active duty).
Mastery of 勤務する involves appreciating its formal register and its specific implication of fulfilling defined responsibilities, distinguishing it from informal labor or freelance activities. It's a cornerstone verb for discussing established professional life in Japanese society.
The verb 勤務する (kinmu suru) denotes 'to work' or 'to be on duty,' carrying a significant weight of formality and official capacity. Its etymology, stemming from characters meaning 'to exert oneself' and 'duty,' highlights a core concept of diligent service within a defined role. This is not merely employment but the active fulfillment of professional obligations, often within governmental, corporate, or institutional structures.
In advanced contexts, 勤務する can be found in historical documents, legal texts, and academic discourse on labor and sociology. For example, historical accounts might detail how officials 幕府に勤務した (bakufu ni kinmu shita - worked for the Shogunate). Its counterpart, 退職 (taishoku - retirement), frames the cessation of such service.
Understanding 勤務する at this level involves recognizing its subtle distinctions from synonyms, its role in bureaucratic language, and its cultural resonance concerning loyalty and dedication to one's post. It encapsulates a traditional view of work as a duty-bound undertaking, deeply embedded in Japanese societal structures and professional ethics.
30초 단어
- Formal verb for 'to work' or 'be on duty'.
- Emphasizes performing duties in a specific role/organization.
- More formal than 働く (hataraku).
- Common in business, public service, and professional contexts.
Hey there! Let's dive into the Japanese verb 勤務する (kinmu suru). It's a super useful word that basically means 'to work' or 'to be on duty.' Think of it as the action of showing up and doing your job, especially in a more formal or official capacity. It’s not just about working anywhere, but often implies working at a specific post, company, or organization.
You'll often hear this verb used in contexts related to employment, military service, or any situation where someone has a defined role and responsibilities. It emphasizes the act of fulfilling those duties. So, when someone is 勤務している (kinmu shite iru), they are actively engaged in their work, present and performing their tasks.
It's a versatile verb that can cover a wide range of professions and situations. Whether you're a doctor at a hospital, a soldier on base, or an office worker at your desk, if you're performing your professional duties, you can be described as 勤務する. It really captures that sense of being 'on the job' and committed to your responsibilities.
The word 勤務する (kinmu suru) is a compound verb formed from the noun kinmu (勤務) and the auxiliary verb suru (する), which means 'to do'. The noun kinmu itself has roots in classical Chinese. It's composed of two characters: 勤 (kin), meaning 'to exert oneself,' 'to be diligent,' or 'to work hard,' and 務 (mu), meaning 'duty,' 'affair,' or 'business.'
So, literally, 勤務 (kinmu) means 'to exert oneself in one's duty' or 'to diligently handle one's business.' This etymology perfectly reflects the nuance of the verb – it's not just casual work, but work performed with a sense of diligence and responsibility towards one's assigned duties.
Historically, the term likely gained prominence in Japan during periods of modernization and the establishment of more structured governmental and corporate systems, where clearly defined roles and duties became paramount. The adoption of Chinese characters and concepts was common during these times. The use of suru to form verbs from nouns is a very common pattern in Japanese, making it easy to create new verb forms from existing nouns, and 勤務する is a prime example of this linguistic efficiency.
勤務する is generally used in a professional or official context. It’s the go-to verb when you want to talk about someone performing their job duties, especially in a structured environment like a company, government office, or military base. It carries a slightly more formal tone than simply saying 働く (hataraku), which is the general word for 'to work.'
You’ll often find it paired with words indicating the place or duration of work. For example, you might hear: 会社に勤務する (kaisha ni kinmu suru - to work for a company), 病院で勤務する (byouin de kinmu suru - to work at a hospital), or 長期にわたり勤務する (chouki ni watari kinmu suru - to work for a long period). It can also be used with specific job titles, like 警察官として勤務する (keisatsukan to shite kinmu suru - to work as a police officer).
The verb implies regularity and commitment. It’s less likely to be used for very casual or temporary jobs, and more for established positions. Think about the difference: saying someone hataraku might just mean they have a job, while saying they kinmu suru suggests they are actively fulfilling the duties of that job, often at a specific location. It’s a solid, dependable verb for talking about professional life.
While 勤務する itself is quite direct, it's part of several common phrases and contexts that function almost like set expressions. These often highlight the duration, location, or nature of the work.
One very common phrase is 勤務時間 (kinmu jikan), meaning 'working hours' or 'duty hours.' It refers to the specific period someone is expected to be on duty. For example, 'My working hours are from 9 to 5' would be 私の勤務時間は9時から5時までです (Watashi no kinmu jikan wa ku-ji kara go-ji made desu).
Another related concept is 現役勤務 (gen'eki kinmu), which means 'active service' or 'currently on duty.' This is often used in military or police contexts to distinguish those actively serving from retirees or those on leave. For instance, 'He is currently in active service' could be 彼は現在現役勤務中です (Kare wa genzai gen'eki kinmu-chuu desu).
You might also encounter 単身赴任 (tanshin funin), which, while not directly using 勤務する, describes a situation where someone works away from their family. It implies they are 勤務する in a different city or country. The verb itself is central to understanding these related concepts of professional life and duty.
勤務する (kinmu suru) is a regular Japanese verb belonging to the 'suru' verb group. This means it conjugates like other 'suru' verbs, such as する (suru) itself, 勉強する (benkyou suru - to study), or 料理する (ryouri suru - to cook).
To conjugate it, you essentially drop the 'suru' and add the appropriate endings. For example:
- Present/Future Tense (polite): 勤務します (kinmu shimasu)
- Past Tense (polite): 勤務しました (kinmu shimashita)
- Present Continuous (polite): 勤務しています (kinmu shite imasu) - meaning 'is working' or 'is on duty'
- Negative (polite): 勤務しません (kinmu shimasen)
Pronunciation-wise, it's broken down as kin-mu su-ru. The 'n' sound before 'm' in 'kinmu' is often pronounced as a nasal sound similar to the 'm' in 'some'. The stress pattern in Japanese is generally quite flat, without strong stresses like in English. Each syllable gets roughly equal emphasis.
There aren't really plural forms for this verb as it refers to the action of an individual or group. The context usually makes it clear who is performing the action. For instance, 彼らは病院に勤務しています (Karera wa byouin ni kinmu shite imasu) means 'They are working at the hospital.' Rhyming words are not a significant feature of Japanese pronunciation in the way they are in English.
Fun Fact
The characters 勤 (kin - diligence) and 務 (mu - duty) together powerfully convey the sense of responsible, dedicated work, which became essential as Japan modernized its institutions.
Pronunciation Guide
Sounds like 'kin-moo soo-roo', with a slight emphasis on the first syllable 'kin' and a soft, almost unstressed 'u' sound at the end.
Similar to UK pronunciation, 'kin-moo soo-roo'. The Japanese 'r' sound is a flap, like the 'dd' in 'ladder'.
Common Errors
- Pronouncing the final 'u' too strongly.
- Not distinguishing the Japanese 'r' sound from English 'r'.
- Adding unnecessary stress to syllables.
Rhymes With
Difficulty Rating
Requires understanding of formal contexts and kanji.
Conjugation is straightforward, but choosing the right context is key.
Easy to misuse in casual conversation; requires awareness of formality.
Common in news, dramas, and formal settings.
What to Learn Next
Prerequisites
Learn Next
고급
Grammar to Know
Suru-verb Conjugation
勤務する -> 勤務します, 勤務しました
Particles に and で for Location
会社に勤務する vs. 病院で勤務する
Using として (as a...)
教師として勤務する
Verb Stems and Continuous Tense
勤務しています (is working)
Examples by Level
私は学校に勤務します。
I / school / at / work.
します is the polite present tense of する.
先生は図書館で勤務します。
Teacher / library / at / works.
で indicates the location of an action.
父は会社に勤務します。
Father / company / at / works.
に indicates the destination or place of work.
母は病院に勤務します。
Mother / hospital / at / works.
The verb 勤務します is used for formal work.
警官は交番で勤務します。
Police officer / police box / at / works.
交番 (koban) is a small local police station.
私はここで勤務します。
I / here / at / work.
ここ (koko) means 'here'.
彼は毎日勤務します。
He / everyday / works.
毎日 (mainichi) means 'everyday'.
私たちは一緒に勤務します。
We / together / work.
一緒に (issho ni) means 'together'.
私はこの会社に３年間勤務しました。
I / this / company / for 3 years / worked.
しました is the polite past tense.
彼女は大学病院に勤務しています。
She / university hospital / at / is working.
しています indicates an ongoing action.
彼は警察官として勤務しています。
He / police officer / as / is working.
として means 'as a...'
父は定時に勤務を終えました。
Father / on time / work / finished.
定時 (teiji) means 'regular hours'.
この地域には多くの医師が勤務しています。
This / area / in / many / doctors / are working.
地域 (chiiki) means 'area' or 'region'.
来月から新しい部署で勤務します。
Next month / new / department / in / will work.
来月 (raigetsu) means 'next month'.
彼女は午前中だけ勤務します。
She / morning / only / works.
午前中 (gozenchuu) means 'during the morning'.
安全な場所で勤務することが大切です。
Safe / place / at / working / is important.
大切 (taisetsu) means 'important'.
彼は長年、この研究所で勤務してきた。
He / many years / this / research institute / at / has worked.
してきた indicates a continuous action up to the present.
勤務地が遠いため、引っ越しを考えています。
Place of work / far / because / moving / am thinking.
勤務地 (kinmu-chi) means 'place of work'.
彼女はボランティアとして週に２日勤務している。
She / as a volunteer / week / on 2 days / is working.
週に (shuu ni) means 'per week'.
新しいプロジェクトのため、一時的に別の部署で勤務することになった。
New / project / for / temporarily / different / department / at / will work / it was decided.
一時的に (ichijiteki ni) means 'temporarily'.
退職後も、顧問として短期間勤務する予定だ。
After retirement / even / as advisor / short term / will work / plan is.
顧問 (komon) means 'advisor'.
彼は厳しい勤務条件にも耐えている。
He / strict / working conditions / even to / is enduring.
勤務条件 (kinmu jouken) means 'working conditions'.
この病院では、多くの看護師が夜勤で勤務しています。
This / hospital / in / many / nurses / on night shift / are working.
夜勤 (yakin) means 'night shift'.
彼は定年まで同じ会社に勤務することを望んでいる。
He / retirement age / until / same / company / at / to work / wishes.
定年 (teinen) means 'retirement age'.
彼女は国際的な舞台で勤務する経験が豊富だ。
She / international / stage / on / working / experience / is abundant.
国際的 (kokusaiteki) means 'international'.
勤務先の倒産により、彼は職を失った。
Place of work / bankruptcy / due to / he / job / lost.
勤務先 (kinmusaki) means 'place of employment'.
長時間の勤務は、従業員の健康に悪影響を及ぼす可能性がある。
Long hours / of work / employees' / health / on / negative effects / can exert.
悪影響 (akueikyou) means 'negative effects'.
彼は、公務員として地域社会に貢献するために勤務している。
He / as a public servant / community / to contribute / in order to / is working.
公務員 (koumuin) means 'public servant'.
その企業は、従業員が柔軟な勤務形態を選択できるようにしている。
That / company / employees / flexible / working arrangements / choose / so that / is enabling.
勤務形態 (kinmu keitai) means 'working arrangement/style'.
彼は、研究開発部門で長年にわたり勤務してきた実績がある。
He / research and development department / in / for many years / has worked / track record / exists.
実績 (jisseki) means 'track record' or 'achievements'.
勤務評定の結果、昇進が決まった。
Performance evaluation / result / promotion / was decided.
昇進 (shoushin) means 'promotion'.
緊急事態のため、全職員が臨時に勤務することになった。
Emergency situation / due to / all staff / temporarily / to work / it was decided.
臨時 (rinji) means 'temporary' or 'extraordinary'.
彼は、その革新的なアプローチで長年、先端技術の研究開発に勤務してきた。
He / that / innovative / approach / with / for many years / cutting-edge technology / research and development / in / has worked.
先端技術 (sentan gijutsu) means 'cutting-edge technology'.
勤務先の経営悪化により、早期退職を余儀なくされた。
Place of employment / business deterioration / due to / early retirement / was forced.
経営悪化 (keiei akka) means 'business deterioration'.
彼女は、多様な文化的背景を持つ人々と協働するため、国際機関に勤務することを選んだ。
She / diverse / cultural backgrounds / having / people / with / collaborate / in order to / international organization / at / to work / chose.
協働 (kyoudou) means 'collaboration'.
その法律は、労働者の権利保護を強化し、より公正な勤務環境の整備を目的としている。
That / law / workers' / rights protection / strengthening / and / fairer / working environment / establishment / aims.
整備 (seibi) means 'maintenance' or 'establishment'.
彼は、自身の専門知識を活かし、非営利団体で社会貢献のために勤務している。
He / his / specialized knowledge / utilizing / non-profit organization / at / social contribution / for / is working.
非営利団体 (hieiri dantai) means 'non-profit organization'.
勤務評価における客観性の担保は、公平な人材育成に不可欠である。
Performance evaluation / in / objectivity / guarantee / fair / human resource development / essential / is.
客観性 (kyakkansai) means 'objectivity'.
彼は、グローバルな視点を養うため、海外の支社で数年間勤務した経験を持つ。
He / global / perspective / cultivate / in order to / overseas / branch office / for several years / worked / experience / has.
養う (yashinau) means 'to cultivate' or 'to foster'.
その企業文化は、従業員が自己実現を図りながら勤務できる環境を提供している。
That / corporate culture / employees / self-realization / aim / while / can work / environment / provides.
自己実現 (jiko jitsugen) means 'self-realization'.
彼は、その黎明期から現代に至るまで、我が国の科学技術振興に勤務してきた功績は計り知れない。
He / that / dawn period / from / modern times / up to / our country's / science and technology promotion / in / has worked / contributions / are immeasurable.
黎明期 (reimeiki) means 'dawn period' or 'early stages'.
勤務先の企業倫理規定に抵触する可能性のある行為には、断固として関与を拒否した。
Place of employment / corporate ethics code / conflict / possibility / having / acts / firmly / involvement / refused.
抵触 (teishoku) means 'conflict' or 'violation'.
彼女は、学術界における長年の勤務を通じて、その分野の発展に多大な貢献を果たした。
She / academic world / in / long years / of service / through / that field's / development / to immense contribution / made.
学術界 (gakujutsukai) means 'academic world'.
その評伝には、彼が官僚として勤務した時代の苦悩と葛藤が克明に記されている。
That / biography / in / he / as a bureaucrat / worked / era's / suffering / and / conflict / vividly / is written.
評伝 (hyouden) means 'biography' or 'critical biography'.
勤務地の過酷な環境にもかかわらず、彼は使命感を持って職務を全うした。
Place of work / harsh environment / even despite / he / sense of mission / with / duties / fulfilled.
過酷 (kakoku) means 'harsh' or 'severe'.
彼は、組織の変革期において、その舵取り役として長年にわたり勤務した。
He / organization's / transformation period / in / its / steering role / as / for many years / worked.
舵取り役 (kadotori yaku) means 'steering role' or 'leadership'.
その芸術家は、晩年、創作活動に専念するため、公的な職務からの勤務を退いた。
That / artist / late years / in / creative activities / to dedicate / public / duties / from / work / retired.
専念 (sennen) means 'to dedicate oneself to'.
勤務先の業績不振は、経済全体の停滞を象徴するかのようであった。
Place of employment's / business performance slump / the economy / as a whole / stagnation / symbolize / as if / was.
業績不振 (gyouseki fushin) means 'poor business performance'.
자주 쓰는 조합
Idioms & Expressions
"現役勤務 (gen'eki kinmu)"
Active service; currently on duty.
彼はまだ現役勤務の警察官だ。(Kare wa mada gen'eki kinmu no keisatsukan da.) - He is still an active duty police officer.
formal"単身勤務 (tanshin kinmu)"
Working alone, away from family; often implies a long-term assignment in another location.
単身勤務は寂しいが、家族のために頑張っている。(Tanshin kinmu wa sabishii ga, kazoku no tame ni ganbatte iru.) - Working alone is lonely, but I'm doing my best for my family.
neutral"夜間勤務 (yakan kinmu)"
Night duty; working during the night hours.
彼は病院で夜間勤務を担当している。(Kare wa byouin de yakan kinmu o tantou shite iru.) - He is in charge of night duty at the hospital.
neutral"長期勤務 (chouki kinmu)"
Long-term work or service.
彼女はこの会社に長期勤務している。(Kanojo wa kono kaisha ni chouki kinmu shite iru.) - She has been working for this company long-term.
neutral"叮嚀勤務 (teinei kinmu)"
Dutiful and careful service/work.
彼は常に叮嚀勤務を心がけている。(Kare wa tsuneni teinei kinmu o kokorogakete iru.) - He always strives to perform his duties diligently and carefully.
formal"交代勤務 (koutai kinmu)"
Shift work; working in rotation with others.
工場では交代勤務が一般的だ。(Koujou de wa koutai kinmu ga ippanteki da.) - Shift work is common in factories.
neutralEasily Confused
Both relate to working for an organization and share the character 勤.
勤務する emphasizes the *act* of working or being on duty. 勤める emphasizes the state of *being employed by* a specific entity. You 'tsutomeru' at Company X, and while doing so, you 'kinmu suru' there.
私はABC社に勤めています。(I am employed by ABC Company.) vs. 私はABC社で勤務しています。(I am working/on duty at ABC Company - slightly more formal emphasis on the action).
Both mean 'to work'.
働く is general and can apply to any kind of work, casual or formal. 勤務する is more formal and specific, implying duty, a regular post, or being on duty.
毎日働いています。(I work every day - general) vs. 彼は警官として勤務しています。(He is working as a police officer - formal, duty-bound).
Both are formal verbs related to work.
従事する means 'to be engaged in' or 'to be occupied with' a particular activity or profession, often implying deep involvement or specialization. 勤務する is more about the act of performing duties at a post.
彼は農業に従事している。(He is engaged in agriculture - focus on the activity) vs. 彼は農場に勤務している。(He works at the farm - focus on the place/post).
Shares the character 勤 and implies effort.
努める means 'to strive,' 'to endeavor,' or 'to make an effort' towards a goal. It doesn't necessarily mean having a formal job or being on duty. 勤務する is specifically about performing work duties.
成功に努める。(To strive for success - effort towards a goal) vs. 会社に勤務する。(To work for a company - performing duties).
Sentence Patterns
Noun + に + 勤務する
私はこの大学に勤務しています。(Watashi wa kono daigaku ni kinmu shite imasu.) - I work at this university.
Noun + で + 勤務する
彼は大きな病院で勤務した。(Kare wa ookina byouin de kinmu shita.) - He worked at a large hospital.
Noun + として + 勤務する
彼女は教師として勤務している。(Kanojo wa kyoushi to shite kinmu shite iru.) - She works as a teacher.
Adverbial phrase + 勤務する
彼は長年、この部署で勤務した。(Kare wa naganen, kono busho de kinmu shita.) - He worked in this department for many years.
Noun + の + 勤務先
私の勤務先は東京にあります。(Watashi no kinmusaki wa Toukyou ni arimasu.) - My place of employment is in Tokyo.
어휘 가족
Nouns
Verbs
관련
How to Use It
Formality Scale
자주 하는 실수
勤務する has a formal tone implying a regular, established position or duty.
While similar, 勤務する is about the action, 勤める is about the employment relationship. E.g., 'I work for Company A' is 'A社に勤めています (A-sha ni tsutomete imasu)', but 'The police officer is on duty' is '警察官が勤務しています (Keisatsukan ga kinmu shite imasu)'.
勤務する sounds more official and might seem stiff if used inappropriately in casual settings.
Treat it like other 'suru' verbs (e.g., 勉強する -> 勉強します).
Particles are crucial in Japanese. に often indicates the target or place of existence/work, while で indicates the location where an action takes place.
Tips
Connect 'Kin' to 'Kind of Work'
Think of the 'Kin' in 勤務 (kinmu) as relating to the 'kind of work' you are officially assigned to do, emphasizing its specific nature and duty.
When to Use 'Kinmu Suru'
Use it when talking about official jobs, being on duty (like a police officer or nurse), or working for a company over a significant period. Avoid it for casual gigs.
Duty and Responsibility
In Japanese culture, fulfilling one's duties (務) diligently (勤) is highly valued. 勤務する reflects this cultural emphasis on responsibility in the workplace.
Suru Verb Conjugation
Remember that 勤務する is a 'suru' verb. Conjugate it like する: 勤務します (kinmu shimasu), 勤務しました (kinmu shimashita), 勤務しています (kinmu shite imasu).
Smooth 'su-ru'
Practice saying the 'su-ru' ending smoothly. The Japanese 'r' is a light flap, not a hard English 'r'. Keep the rhythm relatively even.
Don't Overuse It Casually
Using 勤務する for everything you do related to work can sound overly formal or stiff. Stick to 働く for general conversation.
Character Power!
The characters 勤 (diligence) and 務 (duty) perfectly capture the meaning. Think of 'diligently doing your duty' whenever you see or use 勤務.
Contextual Learning
When you encounter 勤務する in manga, news articles, or dramas, note the context. Is it a doctor? A soldier? An office worker? This helps solidify its specific usage.
Formal vs. Neutral
Think of 勤務する as the formal counterpart to the neutral 働く. Use it when you want to sound professional or official.
Particle Partners
Pay attention to the particles used with 勤務する. に often indicates the organization (会社に), while で indicates the specific location (病院で).
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Think of 'Kim' (a person's name) who is 'on duty' (勤務) at the 'museum' (sounds like 'mu'). Kim is on duty at the museum!
Visual Association
Imagine a diligent worker wearing a crisp uniform, standing alert at their post (like a guard at a gate or a receptionist at a formal office).
Word Web
챌린지
Try describing your own or someone else's job using 勤務する in a sentence, focusing on the 'being on duty' aspect.
어원
Japanese (derived from Chinese characters)
Original meaning: To exert oneself diligently in one's duty or business.
문화적 맥락
None specifically, but its formality implies respect for the role and workplace.
In English-speaking cultures, 'to work' is very broad. 'On duty' is more specific, often used for essential services (police, fire, medical). 勤務する aligns closely with 'on duty' or 'serving' in a formal capacity.
Practice in Real Life
Real-World Contexts
At work (office/company)
- 会社に勤務しています。(Kaisha ni kinmu shite imasu.) - I work for a company.
- 勤務時間は何時ですか。(Kinmu jikan wa nanji desu ka?) - What are your working hours?
- 勤務地はどこですか。(Kinmu-chi wa doko desu ka?) - Where is your place of work?
In healthcare (hospital/clinic)
- 病院に勤務しています。(Byouin ni kinmu shite imasu.) - I work at a hospital.
- 夜間勤務を担当しています。(Yakan kinmu o tantou shite imasu.) - I am in charge of the night shift.
- 多くの医師が勤務しています。(Ooku no ishi ga kinmu shite imasu.) - Many doctors are working here.
In public service (police/fire department)
- 警察官として勤務しています。(Keisatsukan to shite kinmu shite imasu.) - I work as a police officer.
- 緊急時に勤務する。(Kinkyuuji ni kinmu suru.) - To be on duty during an emergency.
- 現役勤務です。(Gen'eki kinmu desu.) - I am on active duty.
In education (school/university)
- 大学に勤務しています。(Daigaku ni kinmu shite imasu.) - I work at a university.
- 長年、教職に勤務した。(Naganen, kyoushoku ni kinmu shita.) - I worked as a teacher for many years.
- 勤務校について話す。(Kinmoukou ni tsuite hanasu.) - To talk about one's school of employment.
Conversation Starters
"What kind of work do you do? (どんなお仕事に勤務されていますか？ - Donna oshigoto ni kinmu sarete imasu ka?)"
"How long have you been working at your current company? (今の会社にどのくらい勤務されていますか？ - Ima no kaisha ni dono kurai kinmu sarete imasu ka?)"
"Are your working hours long? (勤務時間は長いですか？ - Kinmu jikan wa nagai desu ka?)"
"Do you prefer working in the city or the countryside? (都会での勤務と田舎での勤務、どちらが好きですか？ - Tokai de no kinmu to inaka de no kinmu, dochira ga suki desu ka?)"
"What are the benefits of working at your company? (あなたの勤務先にはどんな福利厚生がありますか？ - Anata no kinmusaki ni wa donna fukuri kousei ga arimasu ka?)"
Journal Prompts
Describe your ideal workplace and the type of duties you would perform there using 勤務する.
Write about a time you or someone you know worked diligently in a challenging situation, using 勤務する.
Reflect on the meaning of 'duty' in your own life and how it relates to the concept of 勤務する.
Imagine you are working in a completely new field. Describe your first week on the job using 勤務する.
자주 묻는 질문
8 질문働く is the general word for 'to work.' 勤務する is more formal and implies working in a specific role or being on duty, often for a company or organization.
It's generally not recommended. 勤務する has a formal tone. For part-time jobs, use 働く (hataraku) or アルバイトする (arubaito suru).
Usually not. Freelancers are typically described using 働く (hataraku) or by stating the specific work they do, as 勤務する implies a more structured employment relationship.
It means 'working hours' or 'duty hours' – the specific period someone is expected to be working or on duty.
The most natural way is '私はX社に勤めています (Watashi wa X-sha ni tsutomete imasu)'. You could say 'X社に勤務しています (X-sha ni kinmu shite imasu)' but it sounds slightly more formal, emphasizing the act of working there.
The most direct opposite is 休む (yasumu - to rest, to be off duty). Other related concepts are 退職する (taishoku suru - to retire) or 失業する (shitsugyou suru - to become unemployed).
Yes, it can definitely mean that, especially in contexts like 現役勤務 (gen'eki kinmu - active duty). It implies fulfilling official duties.
It's good to be aware of it early, especially for reading, but mastering 働く (hataraku) first is more practical for basic conversation. You can introduce 勤務する as you encounter more formal Japanese.
셀프 테스트
私は警察官として ______ 。
勤務します is appropriate for a formal role like a police officer.
Which sentence correctly uses 勤務する?
勤務する is used for professional roles like a doctor.
勤務する can be used to describe someone casually working at a street food stall.
勤務する is generally too formal for casual jobs. 働く (hataraku) would be more suitable.
Word
뜻
These pairs match common phrases and their meanings.
The correct order is: 彼女は (She) この会社に (at this company) 長年 (for many years) 勤務しました (worked).
緊急事態のため、全職員が ______ 勤務することになった。
臨時 (rinji) means temporarily, fitting the context of an emergency.
Which word best fits the nuance of 勤務する in the sentence: 彼は、自身の専門知識を活かし、非営利団体で社会貢献のために ______。
勤務している captures the sense of dedicated service in a non-profit organization.
The phrase 勤務先の経営悪化 (kinmusaki no keiei akka - deterioration of the company's business performance) implies a formal employment setting.
The term 勤務先 (place of employment) is formal and used in contexts of established companies or organizations.
その評伝には、彼が官僚として勤務した時代の苦悩と葛藤が克明に記されている。Here, 勤務した refers to:
官僚 (kanryou - bureaucrat) and 勤務した clearly indicate serving in a formal government position.
The correct order is: 彼は (He) 我が国の科学技術振興に (in our country's science and technology promotion) 勤務してきた (has worked) 功績は (contributions) 計り知れない (are immeasurable).
점수: /10
Summary
勤務する is your go-to verb for discussing formal employment and fulfilling professional duties.
- Formal verb for 'to work' or 'be on duty'.
- Emphasizes performing duties in a specific role/organization.
- More formal than 働く (hataraku).
- Common in business, public service, and professional contexts.
Connect 'Kin' to 'Kind of Work'
Think of the 'Kin' in 勤務 (kinmu) as relating to the 'kind of work' you are officially assigned to do, emphasizing its specific nature and duty.
When to Use 'Kinmu Suru'
Use it when talking about official jobs, being on duty (like a police officer or nurse), or working for a company over a significant period. Avoid it for casual gigs.
Duty and Responsibility
In Japanese culture, fulfilling one's duties (務) diligently (勤) is highly valued. 勤務する reflects this cultural emphasis on responsibility in the workplace.
Suru Verb Conjugation
Remember that 勤務する is a 'suru' verb. Conjugate it like する: 勤務します (kinmu shimasu), 勤務しました (kinmu shimashita), 勤務しています (kinmu shite imasu).
Related Content
work 관련 단어
調整
A1The act of making small changes to something to achieve a desired fit, function, or balance. In a work context, it specifically refers to coordinating schedules or aligning different opinions to reach an agreement.
有利な
B1Advantageous or favorable.
承知する
B1To acknowledge, agree; to be aware of and consent to something.
年収
B1Annual income; yearly salary.
応募
B1To apply for a position, a competition, a prize, or a public offer. It indicates a proactive step to participate in something.
応募する
B1To apply for a job or position.
勤怠
B1Attendance record; presence or absence from work.
係員
A2Person in charge; attendant.
～と同時に
B1At the same time as, simultaneously with.
ぎんこういん
A2Bank employee.
