B1 Verb Forms 1 min read 쉬움

Causative Nuances

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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use the verb 'hai' (ໃຫ້) to indicate that someone is causing or allowing an action to happen.

  • Use 'hai' + [person] + [verb] to mean 'let' or 'make' someone do something: 'Khao hai khoy pai' (He let me go).
  • The causative structure follows the pattern: Subject + hai + Object + Verb.
  • In negative forms, place 'bo' before 'hai': 'Khao bo hai khoy pai' (He didn't let me go).
Subject + ໃຫ້ (hai) + Person + Verb

Meanings

The causative construction in Lao uses the verb 'hai' (to give) to express that a subject is causing, allowing, or enabling another person to perform an action.

1

Permission

Allowing someone to do something.

“ພໍ່ໃຫ້ຂ້ອຍໄປຫຼິ້ນ (Father lets me go play)”

“ຄູໃຫ້ພວກນັກຮຽນພັກ (The teacher lets the students rest)”

2

Compulsion/Instruction

Making or instructing someone to do something.

“ຫົວໜ້າໃຫ້ຂ້ອຍເຮັດວຽກ (The boss makes me work)”

“ໝໍໃຫ້ຂ້ອຍກິນຢາ (The doctor makes/tells me to take medicine)”

Causative Structure

Subject Causative Object Verb
ຂ້ອຍ ໃຫ້ ລາວ ໄປ
ແມ່ ໃຫ້ ລູກ ກິນ
ຫົວໜ້າ ໃຫ້ ພະນັກງານ ເຮັດວຽກ
ໝໍ ໃຫ້ ຂ້ອຍ ກິນຢາ
ລາວ ໃຫ້ ຂ້ອຍ ລໍຖ້າ
ພໍ່ ໃຫ້ ລູກ ຮຽນ

Reference Table

Reference table for Causative Nuances
Form Structure Example
Affirmative S + hai + O + V ຂ້ອຍໃຫ້ລາວໄປ
Negative S + bo + hai + O + V ຂ້ອຍບໍ່ໃຫ້ລາວໄປ
Question S + hai + O + V + bo? ເຈົ້າໃຫ້ລາວໄປບໍ່?
Prohibition Ya + hai + O + V ຢ່າໃຫ້ລາວໄປ
Future S + ja + hai + O + V ຂ້ອຍຈະໃຫ້ລາວໄປ
Past S + dai + hai + O + V ຂ້ອຍໄດ້ໃຫ້ລາວໄປ

격식 수준 스펙트럼

격식체
ກະລຸນາໃຫ້ລາວໄປ

ກະລຸນາໃຫ້ລາວໄປ (Permission)

중립
ໃຫ້ລາວໄປ

ໃຫ້ລາວໄປ (Permission)

비격식체
ໃຫ້ມັນໄປ

ໃຫ້ມັນໄປ (Permission)

속어
ປ່ອຍມັນໄປ

ປ່ອຍມັນໄປ (Permission)

The Causative Flow

ໃຫ້ (hai)

Permission

  • ອະນຸຍາດ allow

Instruction

  • ສັ່ງ order
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Examples by Level

1

ແມ່ໃຫ້ຂ້ອຍໄປ

Mother lets me go

2

ຄູໃຫ້ຂ້ອຍອ່ານ

The teacher makes me read

3

ລາວໃຫ້ຂ້ອຍກິນ

He lets me eat

4

ຂ້ອຍໃຫ້ລາວໄປ

I let him go

1

ໝໍໃຫ້ຂ້ອຍກິນຢາ

The doctor makes me take medicine

2

ເຈົ້າໃຫ້ລາວມາບໍ່?

Do you let him come?

3

ຂ້ອຍບໍ່ໃຫ້ລາວໄປ

I do not let him go

4

ພໍ່ໃຫ້ລູກຮຽນ

Father makes the child study

1

ຫົວໜ້າໃຫ້ພະນັກງານເຮັດວຽກ

The boss makes the staff work

2

ລາວໃຫ້ຂ້ອຍລໍຖ້າ

He makes me wait

3

ຢ່າໃຫ້ລາວຮູ້

Don't let him know

4

ຂ້ອຍໃຫ້ລາວຢືມປຶ້ມ

I let him borrow the book

1

ເພິ່ນໃຫ້ຂ້ອຍແກ້ໄຂບັນຫາ

He has me solve the problem

2

ແມ່ໃຫ້ລູກນອນແຕ່ຫົວຄ່ຳ

Mother makes the child sleep early

3

ຂ້ອຍຈະໃຫ້ລາວສົ່ງເອກະສານ

I will have him send the document

4

ລາວບໍ່ຍອມໃຫ້ຂ້ອຍເຂົ້າ

He refuses to let me enter

1

ລັດຖະບານໃຫ້ປະຊາຊົນມີສ່ວນຮ່ວມ

The government allows the people to participate

2

ລາວໃຫ້ຂ້ອຍຕັດສິນໃຈເອງ

He lets me decide for myself

3

ຂ້ອຍໃຫ້ລາວຮັບຜິດຊອບວຽກນີ້

I have him take responsibility for this work

4

ຢ່າໃຫ້ເລື່ອງນີ້ເກີດຂຶ້ນອີກ

Do not let this happen again

1

ການກະທຳຂອງລາວໃຫ້ຂ້ອຍຄິດຫຼາຍ

His actions make me think a lot

2

ລາວໃຫ້ຂ້ອຍເປັນຕົວແທນ

He has me act as a representative

3

ຂ້ອຍໃຫ້ລາວເບິ່ງແຍງເຮືອນ

I have him look after the house

4

ລາວໃຫ້ຂ້ອຍເຂົ້າໃຈຜິດ

He makes me misunderstand

Easily Confused

Causative Nuances 대 Sang (ສັ່ງ)

Both mean to make someone do something.

자주 하는 실수

✗

hai pai khao

✓

hai khao pai

Object must come before the verb.
✗

khao hai khoy

✓

khao hai khoy pai

Missing the main verb.
✗

hai khao het

✓

hai khao hetວຽກ

Missing the object of the verb.
✗

hai khao pai leaw

✓

hai khao pai

Redundant tense markers.

Sentence Patterns

ຂ້ອຍໃຫ້ ___ ___

Real World Usage

Texting constant

Hai khao ma!

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💡

Context is King

Lao relies on context. If you say 'hai khao pai', it could mean 'let him go' or 'make him go'. Use tone or extra words to clarify.

Smart Tips

Use 'hai' instead of passive voice.

The work was done by him. → I had him do the work (Khoy hai khao het).

발음

hǎi

Tone of 'hai'

It has a high-rising tone.

Question

ໃຫ້ລາວໄປບໍ່? ↑

Rising intonation at the end for questions.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Think of 'hai' as a gift of action. You are 'giving' the action to someone else.

Visual Association

Imagine handing a ball (the verb/action) to a friend. You are 'giving' (hai) the ball to them so they can throw it.

Rhyme

Hai is the key, to make someone be.

Story

I wanted to go home. My boss said no. I asked him, 'Please let me go.' In Lao, I said 'Hai khoy pai'. He said yes. Now I am home.

Word Web

ໃຫ້ເຮັດໄປກິນອ່ານລໍຖ້າ

챌린지

Write 3 sentences using 'hai' to describe things you tell your family or friends to do today.

문화 노트

Using 'hai' with elders requires politeness markers like 'kho' (ask).

Derived from the verb 'to give'.

Conversation Starters

“

ເຈົ້າໃຫ້ລູກເຮັດຫຍັງ?

Journal Prompts

Write about a time someone let you do something.
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Test Yourself

Fill in the blank with 'hai'.

ຂ້ອຍ ___ ລາວໄປ.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ໃຫ້
Hai is the causative marker.

Score: /1

연습 문제

1 exercises
Fill in the blank with 'hai'.

ຂ້ອຍ ___ ລາວໄປ.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ໃຫ້
Hai is the causative marker.

Score: /1

자주 묻는 질문 (1)

Mostly yes, but use 'sang' for formal orders.

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In Other Languages

Spanish moderate

Hacer que

Lao does not use subjunctive.

French moderate

Faire + infinitive

Lao verb stays in base form.

German high

Lassen

German requires verb placement at the end.

Japanese low

Saseru

Lao is analytic, Japanese is agglutinative.

Arabic moderate

Ja'ala

Arabic has complex gender/number agreement.

Chinese high

Rang

Tone and specific vocabulary.

Previous
Permissive Causatives

Related Grammar Rules

B1

Causative 'Hai'
B1

Causative 'Tham-hai'
B2

Hypothetical Mood
B2

Subjunctive Markers
B2

Mood Nuances
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